Covid-19 disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: CVD001 MIFTS: 60	Covid-19 Categories: Infectious diseases, Respiratory diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Drugs Expand all tables

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Covid-19

MalaCards integrated aliases for Covid-19:

Name: Covid-19 ¹¹ ²⁸ ⁴¹ ⁴³ ¹⁴ ⁷⁵

Wuhan Seafood Market Pneumonia Virus Infection ¹¹

Wuhan Coronavirus Infection ¹¹

2019 Novel Coronavirus ¹¹

Sars-Cov-2 Infection ¹¹

2019-Ncov Infection ¹¹

Covid19 ¹¹

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Respiratory diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:0080600

MeSH ⁴³ D000086382

NCIt ⁴⁹ C171133

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 840539006

UMLS ⁷¹ C5203670

Sources

Summaries for Covid-19

MedlinePlus: ⁴¹ COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an illness caused by a virus. This virus is a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. It spreads when a person who has the infection breathes out droplets and very small particles that contain the virus. On this page, you'll find links to resources on important issues such as symptoms, risks, and how you can protect yourself and your family. We also have pages on: COVID-19 testing COVID-19 vaccines Post-COVID conditions (long COVID)

MalaCards based summary: Covid-19, also known as wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus infection, is related to long covid and non-severe covid-19. An important gene associated with Covid-19 is ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and Disease. The drugs Lenalidomide and Deferoxamine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include lung, kidney and t cells, and related phenotypes are homeostasis/metabolism and growth/size/body region

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A Coronavirus infection that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has material basis in SARS-CoV-2.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Covid-19

Diseases in the Covid-19 family:

Severe Covid-19

Diseases related to Covid-19 via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 3267)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	long covid	33.1	TNF TMPRSS2 NRP1 IL6 IL1B FURIN
2	non-severe covid-19	33.1	TNNI3 TNF TMPRSS2 IL6 F3 CXCL8
3	severe covid-19	33.1	TNF TMPRSS2 TLR7 STING1 IL6 IL1B
4	severe acute respiratory syndrome	33.0	TNF TMPRSS2 IL6 IL1B FURIN F3
5	critical covid-19	33.0	TNF TMPRSS2 IL6 IL1B FURIN F3
6	adult respiratory distress syndrome	33.0	TNF TMPRSS2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 ACE2
7	pneumonia	33.0	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
8	disease of mental health	32.9	TNF IL6 IL1B ACE
9	viral infectious disease	32.8	TNF TLR7 IL6 IL2RA IL1B CXCL8
10	anxiety	32.7	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 ACE
11	respiratory failure	32.7	TNNI3 TNF TMPRSS2 TLR7 NLRP3 IL6
12	pulmonary embolism	32.6	TNNI3 F3 ACE2 ACE
13	middle east respiratory syndrome	32.5	TMPRSS2 IL6 FURIN DPP4 CXCL10 CTSL
14	myocarditis	32.4	TNNI3 TNF IL6 IL1B F3 CXCL8
15	mucormycosis	32.4	TNF IL6 ACE2
16	cerebrovascular disease	32.3	TNF IL6 IL1B ACE
17	lung disease	32.3	TNF STING1 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10
18	stroke, ischemic	32.2	TNF IL6 IL1B F3 ACE2 ACE
19	toxic shock syndrome	32.2	TNF IL6 IL1B F3 CXCL8
20	bowel dysfunction	32.2	TNF IL6 IL1B ACE
21	vasculitis	32.2	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CCL2
22	diabetes mellitus, ketosis-prone	32.2	DPP4 ACE2 ACE
23	thrombocytopenia	32.1	TNF TLR7 NRP1 IL6 IL1B F3
24	dengue disease	32.1	TNF IL6 FURIN CXCL8
25	aspergillosis	32.1	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10
26	exanthem	32.1	TNF NLRP3 IL6 IL1B F3 CXCL8
27	sleep disorder	32.1	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 ACE
28	chronic kidney disease	32.1	TNNI3 TNF IL6 IL1B ACE
29	appendicitis	32.1	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CCL2
30	disseminated intravascular coagulation	32.1	TNF IL6 F3 CXCL10 CCL2
31	common cold	32.1	TNF TMPRSS2 IL6 IL1B FURIN CXCL8
32	type 1 diabetes mellitus	32.1	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10 ACE
33	bell's palsy	32.1	TNF IL6 ACE2 ACE
34	autoimmune disease	32.0	TNF IL6 IL2RA IL1B F3 DPP4
35	viral pneumonia	32.0	TNF TMPRSS2 IL6 IL1B FURIN F3
36	pericarditis	32.0	TNNI3 TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 ACE2
37	cardiovascular system disease	32.0	TNF IL6 F3 CCL2 ACE2 ACE
38	pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive	32.0	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
39	measles	32.0	TLR7 IL6 IL2RA IL1B
40	diarrhea	32.0	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
41	purpura	32.0	TNF IL6 IL1B F3 CXCL8
42	conjunctivitis	32.0	TNF NLRP3 IL6 IL2RA CXCL8 CCL2
43	ebola hemorrhagic fever	32.0	TNF TMPRSS2 TLR7 IL6 FURIN CXCL10
44	myelitis	32.0	TNF IL6 CXCL8 ACE2
45	inflammatory bowel disease	32.0	TNF IL6 IL2RA IL1B DPP4 CXCL8
46	alcohol use disorder	32.0	TNF IL6 IL1B ACE
47	multiple sclerosis	32.0	TNF IL6 IL2RA IL1B DPP4 CXCL8
48	interstitial lung disease	31.9	TNF STING1 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CCL2
49	limb ischemia	31.9	IL6 F3 ACE
50	body mass index quantitative trait locus 11	31.9	TNF NLRP3 IL6 IL1B DPP4 CXCL8

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Covid-19:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Covid-19

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Covid-19:

⁴⁵ (show all 13)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.38	ACE ACE2 CCL2 CGAS CTSL CXCL10
2	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.36	ACE ACE2 CCL2 CTSL DPP4 F3
3	immune system	MP:0005387	10.28	ACE ACE2 CCL2 CGAS CTSL CXCL10
4	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.27	ACE ACE2 CCL2 CTSL CXCL10 DPP4
5	cellular	MP:0005384	10.25	ACE ACE2 CCL2 CTSL CXCL10 DPP4
6	muscle	MP:0005369	10.21	ACE2 CCL2 CTSL F3 IL6 NRP1
7	neoplasm	MP:0002006	10.18	ACE CCL2 F3 IL1B IL6 NRP1
8	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	10.13	ACE2 CCL2 CTSL FURIN IL2RA IL6
9	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	10.1	ACE CCL2 CTSL FURIN IL6 NLRP3
10	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.09	ACE ACE2 CCL2 CGAS CTSL CXCL10
11	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.96	ACE2 DPP4 F3 IL2RA IL6 STING1
12	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.93	ACE ACE2 CCL2 CGAS CTSL CXCL10
13	integument	MP:0010771	9.32	ACE2 CCL2 CTSL F3 FURIN IL1B

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Covid-19

Drugs for Covid-19 (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 1001)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Lenalidomide

Approved

Phase 4

191732-72-6

216326

Deferoxamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

70-51-9

2973

Ravulizumab

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1803171-55-2

Pioglitazone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

111025-46-8

4829

Ritonavir

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

155213-67-5

392622

Losartan

Approved

Phase 4

114798-26-4

3961

Rivaroxaban

Approved

Phase 4

366789-02-8

9875401

Bromhexine

Approved

Phase 4

3572-43-8

Cyproheptadine

Approved

Phase 4

129-03-3

2913

Cefditoren

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

117467-28-4, 104145-95-1

9870843

Sofosbuvir

Approved

Phase 4

1190307-88-0

45375808

Bentonite

Approved

Phase 4

Ledipasvir

Approved

Phase 4

1256388-51-8

67505836

Fondaparinux

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

114870-03-0, 104993-28-4

5282448 636380

Reviparin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

9041-08-1

Darunavir

Approved

Phase 4

635728-49-3, 206361-99-1

213039

Oseltamivir

Approved

Phase 4

204255-11-8, 196618-13-0

65028

Clopidogrel

Approved

Phase 4

120202-66-6, 113665-84-2

60606

Ticagrelor

Approved

Phase 4

274693-27-5

9871419

Zinc sulfate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

7733-02-0

Dapagliflozin

Approved

Phase 4

461432-26-8

9887712

Hydrogen peroxide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

7722-84-1

784

Spironolactone

Approved

Phase 4

1952-01-7, 52-01-7

5833

Argatroban

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

74863-84-6

152951 92722

Loperamide

Approved

Phase 4

53179-11-6

3955

Bismuth subsalicylate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

14882-18-9

53629521 16682734

Morphine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

57-27-2

5288826

Glucosamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

3416-24-8

318324 439213

Empagliflozin

Approved

Phase 4

864070-44-0

73151030 11949646

Ofatumumab

Approved

Phase 4

679818-59-8

Ertugliflozin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1210344-57-2

75075340 44814423

Canagliflozin

Approved

Phase 4

842133-18-0

74323022 24812758

Chloroquine

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

54-05-7

2719

Nintedanib

Approved

Phase 4

656247-17-5

135423438 9809715

Pirfenidone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

53179-13-8

40632

Remdesivir

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1809249-37-3

121304016

Montelukast

Approved

Phase 4

158966-92-8

5281040

Povidone-iodine

Approved

Phase 4

25655-41-8

Mycophenolic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

24280-93-1

446541

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

59467-70-8

4192

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4

62-31-7, 51-61-6

681

Ketamine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

6740-88-1, 1867-66-9

3821

Dextroamphetamine

Approved, Illicit, Investigational

Phase 4

51-64-9, 300-62-9

5826 3007

Echinacea

Approved, Experimental

Phase 4

Valproic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

99-66-1

3121

Diltiazem

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

42399-41-7

39186

Captopril

Approved

Phase 4

62571-86-2

44093

Bendroflumethiazide

Approved

Phase 4

73-48-3

2315

Benazepril

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

86541-75-5

5362124

Verapamil

Approved

Phase 4

152-11-4, 52-53-9

2520

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 8086)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	COVID-19-associated Coagulopathy: Safety and Efficacy of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Therapy in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19	Unknown status	NCT04360824	Phase 4	Intermediate dose thromboprophylaxis;Standard of Care thromboprophylaxis
2	Efficacy of a Nasal Spray Containing Iota-Carrageenan in the Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Disease in Health Personnel Dedicated to Patients Care With COVID-19. Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial (CARR-COV-02)	Unknown status	NCT04521322	Phase 4	Iota-Carrageenan
3	Double-blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Low-dose Lenalidomide in the Treatment of COVID-19 Disease	Unknown status	NCT04361643	Phase 4	Lenalidomide as a 5 mg capsule PO daily, days 1, 3, and 5.;Placebo
4	Efficacy and Safety of Favipiravir Compared to the Base Therapeutic Regiment in Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT04359615	Phase 4	Favipiravir;Hydroxychloroquine
5	Efficacy and Safety of Azithromycin Compared to the Base Therapeutic Regiment of Hydroxychloroquine in Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT04359316	Phase 4	Hydroxychloroquine;Azithromycin
6	Efficacy and Safety of Umifenovir as an Adjuvant Therapy Compared to the Control Therapeutic Regiment of Interferon Beta 1a, Lopinavir / Ritonavir and a Single Dose of Hydroxychloroquine in Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT04350684	Phase 4	Umifenovir;Interferon-β 1a;Lopinavir / Ritonavir;Single Dose of Hydroxychloroquine;Standards of Care
7	An Investigation Into Beneficial Effects of Interferon Beta 1a, Compared to The Base Therapeutic Regiment in Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT04350671	Phase 4	Interferon Beta-1A;Lopinavir / Ritonavir;Single Dose of Hydroxychloroquine
8	Use of Bromhexine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia	Unknown status	NCT04355026	Phase 4	Bromhexine Oral Tablet and/or hydroxychloroquine tablet
9	Comparison of Normal Saline, Hydrogen Peroxide, Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine Mouth Rinses in COVID-19 Patients	Unknown status	NCT04603794	Phase 4	0.5% Povidone Iodine;0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouth Rinse;1% Hydrogen Peroxide;0.9% Normal Saline
10	D-dimer Adjusted Versus Therapeutic Dose Low-molecular-weight Heparin in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia	Unknown status	NCT04584580	Phase 4	low-molecular-weight heparin
11	The Use of Desferal and Adjuvants for Prevention of ARDS in Hospitalised Cases Documented With Covid 19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT04389801	Phase 4	Desferal 500 MG Injection
12	The Efficacy and Safety of Carrimycin Treatment in Patients With Novel Coronavirus Infectious Disease (COVID-19) : A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT04286503	Phase 4	Carrimycin;lopinavir/ritonavir tablets or Arbidol or chloroquine phosphate;basic treatment
13	Clinical Study of Tetrandrine Tablets Adjuvant Treatment With COVID-19	Unknown status	NCT04308317	Phase 4	Tetrandrine
14	Estudio Destinado a Valorar la Utilidad de Vitamina D Sobre Morbilidad y Mortalidad de la infección Por Virus SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) en el Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias	Unknown status	NCT04552951	Phase 4	Cholecalciferol
15	Reducing Hospital Admission of Elderly in SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Via the Induction of Trained Immunity by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination, a Randomized Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT04417335	Phase 4
16	The Study of Quadruple Therapy Zinc, Quercetin, Bromelain and Vitamin C on the Clinical Outcomes of Patients Infected With COVID-19	Unknown status	NCT04468139	Phase 4	Quercetin;Zinc;Vitamin C
17	Hydroxychloroquine Use in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Impact on Progression to Severe or Critical Disease	Unknown status	NCT04429867	Phase 4	Hydroxychloroquine;Placebo
18	Anticoagulation in Patients Suffering From COVID-19 Disease-The Anti-Co Trial	Unknown status	NCT04445935	Phase 4	Bivalirudin Injection;Standard treatment
19	Randomized, Open, Parallel, Single-center, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial, With an Active Control Group, Comparing Two Oral Prednisone Regimens With the Aim of Optimizing the Therapeutic Strategy in Patients With Organizing Pneumonia Post-COVID-19 Infection	Unknown status	NCT04534478	Phase 4	Prednisone
20	Pilot Study of the Use of IVIG in Patients With Severe COVID-19 Infections Requiring Mechanical Ventilation and to Assess Their Biological Responses to IVIG Therapy	Unknown status	NCT04616001	Phase 4	IVIG
21	Effect of Pioglitazone on Inflammatory Response and Clinical Outcome in T2DM Patients With COVID-19	Unknown status	NCT04604223	Phase 4	Pioglitazone 45 mg
22	Lipid Ibuprofen Versus Standard of Care for Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19: a Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT04334629	Phase 4	Ibuprofen
23	The Use of Tocilizumab in the Management of Patients Who Have Severe COVID-19 With Suspected Pulmonary Hyperinflammation	Unknown status	NCT04377750	Phase 4	Tocilizumab
24	Clinical Role of Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone and Which of Them Should be Inhibited in COVID-19 Patients - A Double-edged Sword?	Unknown status	NCT04623385	Phase 4	The standard therapy
25	Personalised Electronic Record Supported Optimisation When Alone for Patients With Hypertension- Pilot Study for Remote Medical Management of Hypertension During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Unknown status	NCT04559074	Phase 4	Amlodipine
26	mulTi-Arm Therapeutic Study in Pre-ICu Patients Admitted With Covid-19 - Repurposed Drugs (TACTIC-R)	Unknown status	NCT04390464	Phase 4	Ravulizumab;Baricitinib
27	Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate the Use of Nebulized Heparin in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2)	Unknown status	NCT04530578	Phase 4	Heparin sodium;Enoxaparin
28	Non-blinded, Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial of Pioglitazone Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Covid-19	Unknown status	NCT04535700	Phase 4	Pioglitazone 30 mg
29	Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Non-commercial, Investigator-initiated Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine Phosphate in Combination With Telemedicine Care in the Risk Reduction of COVID-19 Related Hospitalization or Death, in Ambulatory Patients With COVID-19 Being at Risk of Serious Complications	Completed	NCT04331600	Phase 4	Chloroquine phosphate
30	Safety and Immunogenicity of a Heterologous Immunization of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Ad5 Vector) and RBD-based Protein Subunit Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Chinese Healthy Population	Completed	NCT04833101	Phase 4
31	Safety and Immunogenicity of Sequential Immunization of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine and Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Ad5 Vector) inChinese Healthy Adults Aged 60 and Above: a Randomized, Observer-blind,Parallel-controlled Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT04952727	Phase 4
32	Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine for Prevention of COVID-19 in Healthy Population Aged 18 Years and Older	Completed	NCT04953325	Phase 4
33	Telmisartan for Treatment of COVID-19 Patients: an Open Label Randomized Trial	Completed	NCT04355936	Phase 4	Telmisartan arm will receive 80 mg Telmisartan twice daily plus standard care.
34	An Open Clinical Trial to Evaluate Danoprevir Sodium Tablets Combined With Ritonavir in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Completed	NCT04345276	Phase 4	Danoprevir+Ritonavir
35	A Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Interventional Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Sargramostim (Leukine®) in Improving Oxygenation and Short- and Long-term Outcome of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) Patients With Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure.	Completed	NCT04326920	Phase 4	Sargramostim
36	A Post-marketing Clinical Study of the Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (Vero Cells) (Produced in Beijing): Immunogenicity and Safety Assessments in Patients With Hypertension and/or Diabetes	Completed	NCT05065879	Phase 4
37	A Randomized Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Zinc in Combination With Either Azithromycin or Doxycycline for the Treatment of COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting	Completed	NCT04370782	Phase 4	Hydroxychloroquine;Azithromycin;Zinc Sulfate;Doxycycline
38	Stopping ACE-inhibitors in COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT04353596	Phase 4	ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker
39	A Randomized, Parallel-group Treatment, Quadruple Masked, Two-arm Study, to Assess the Effectiveness of Cod Liver Oil Compared to Placebo in the Prevention of Covid-19 and Airway Infections in Healthy Adults	Completed	NCT04609423	Phase 4
40	Fluoxetine to Reduce Intubation and Death After COVID19 Infection	Completed	NCT04377308	Phase 4	Fluoxetine
41	Intermediate or Prophylactic-Dose Anticoagulation for Venous or Arterial Thromboembolism in Severe COVID-19: A Cluster Based Randomized Selection Trial (IMPROVE-COVID)	Completed	NCT04367831	Phase 4	Enoxaparin Prophylactic Dose;Heparin Infusion;Heparin SC;Enoxaparin/Lovenox Intermediate Dose
42	An Open Clinical Trial to Evaluate Ganovo（Danoprevir ） Combined With Ritonavir in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Completed	NCT04291729	Phase 4	Ganovo+ritonavir+/-Interferon nebulization
43	Mouth Rinses Efficacy on Salivary SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT04721457	Phase 4	Distilled Water;1% Povidone Iodine (PVP-I);1.5% Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2);0.075% Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC);0.1% Sodium Hypochlorite
44	Prospective, Non-controlled Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cefditoren Pivoxil in COVID-19 Patients With Mild to Moderate Pneumonia	Completed	NCT04709172	Phase 4	Cefditoren pivoxil 400mg
45	Pragmatic, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial, Evaluating Hydroxychloroquine for Prevention of Hospitalization and Respiratory Complications in Non-hospitalized Patients With Confirmed or Probable COVID-19	Completed	NCT04466540	Phase 4	Hydroxychloroquine;Placebo
46	A Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Lot-to-lot Consistency, Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac） in Health Adults Aged 26-45 Years	Completed	NCT04894227	Phase 4
47	A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Immunogenicity Using Additional Dose of Medium-dosage or High-dosage COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated in Populations Who Have Completed Primary Immunization 5-9 Months	Completed	NCT05165966	Phase 4
48	Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for COVID-19-associated Hyperviscosity	Completed	NCT04441996	Phase 4
49	A Randomized Clinical Trial for Enhanced Trained Immune Responses Through Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination to Prevent Infections by COVID-19: The ACTIVATE II Trial	Completed	NCT04414267	Phase 4
50	Controlled evaLuation of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for COVID-19 respIraTorY Disease	Completed	NCT04394117	Phase 4	Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Search NIH Clinical Center for Covid-19

Cochrane evidence based reviews: covid-19

Sources

Genetic Tests for Covid-19

Genetic tests related to Covid-19:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Covid-19 ²⁸

Sources

Anatomical Context for Covid-19

Organs/tissues related to Covid-19:

MalaCards : Lung, Kidney, T Cells, Endothelial, Liver, Bone Marrow, Brain

Sources

Publications for Covid-19

Articles related to Covid-19:

(show top 50) (show all 51892)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Non-invasive respiratory support in SARS-CoV-2 related acute respiratory distress syndrome: when is it most appropriate to start treatment? ⁶² ⁴¹	Nevola R...Adinolfi LE	36463178	2022
2	The effects of daily autobiographical memory training on memory bias, mood and stress resilience in dysphoric individuals. ⁴¹	Bovy L...Vrijsen JN	36463266	2022
3	Effects of portable air cleaners and A/C unit fans on classroom concentrations of particulate matter in a non-urban elementary school. ⁴¹	Azevedo A...Hart JE	36454721	2022
4	Trait Emotional Intelligence and Self-regulated Learning in University Students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediation role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and COVID-19 Perceived Stress. ⁶²	Albani A...Biolcati R	36415560	2023
5	Heparin mimetics as potential intervention for COVID-19 and their bio-manufacturing. ⁶²	Jiang L...Liu X	36313216	2023
6	In vitro evaluation of the activity of teriflunomide against SARS-CoV-2 and the human coronaviruses 229E and OC43. ⁶²	Lang P...Rufi P	36437966	2023
7	Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy: Text mining, sentiment analysis and machine learning on COVID-19 vaccination Twitter dataset. ⁶²	Qorib M...Cotae P	36092862	2023
8	Cerebellar infarction risk in a mild COVID-19 case. ⁶²	Kabashi A...Hyseni G	36474520	2023
9	SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers from a children's hospital. ⁶²	Svartz A...Brunetto O	35984671	2023
10	Inactivation of two SARS-CoV-2 virus surrogates by electron beam irradiation on large yellow croaker slices and their packaging surfaces. ⁶²	Luo Z...Wang X	36091572	2023
11	Assessment of Admission COVID-19 Associated Hyperinflammation Syndrome Score in Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients. ⁶²	Yildirim M...Topeli A	36213939	2023
12	COVID-19 signalome: Pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection and impact on COVID-19 associated comorbidity. ⁶²	Lundstrom K...Barh D	36252792	2023
13	The association between comorbidities and coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalization among people with HIV differs by age. ⁶²	Moran CA...Lahiri CD	36111530	2023
14	Clinical characteristics and factors associated with ICU mortality during the first year of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in Romania: A prospective, cohort, multicentre study of 9000 patients. ⁶²	Bubenek-Turconi SI...COVATI-RO Collaborative	36385096	2023
15	Disparities in the use of telehealth at the onset of the COVID-19 public health emergency. ⁶²	Pierce RP...Stevermer JJ	33081595	2023
16	Analysis of serological surveys of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the United States to estimate parameters needed for transmission modeling and to evaluate and improve the accuracy of predictions. ⁶²	Glasser JW...Clarke KEN	36208669	2023
17	An ultra-sensitive and specific nanoplasmonic-enhanced isothermal amplification platform for the ultrafast point-of-care testing of SARS-CoV-2. ⁶²	Liu J...Liu GL	36060034	2023
18	A COVID-19 nosocomial cluster in a university hospital in southern Italy: a social network analysis. ⁶²	Bianchi FP...Tafuri S	35442385	2023
19	Development of a high-speed bioaerosol elimination system for treatment of indoor air. ⁶²	Negishi N...Sato T	36407015	2023
20	Long-term kidney function recovery and mortality after COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: An international multi-centre observational cohort study. ⁶²	Tan BWL...Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by EHR (4CE)	36381999	2023
21	Hybrid Peptide-Agarose Hydrogels for 3D Immunoassays. ⁶²	Musico A...Gori A	36152280	2023
22	Placental Morphology and Morphometry: Is It a Prerequisite for Future Pathological Investigations? ⁶²	Govender N...Naicker T	36460847	2023
23	Viral infections in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with targeted therapies. ⁶²	Mayr L...Peyrl A	36308741	2023
24	Qualitative Olfactory Dysfunction and COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Review with Recommendations for the Clinician. ⁶²	Gary JB...Overdevest JB	35957578	2023
25	Diagnostic test property of transcription-reverse transcription concerted reaction reagent TRCReady® SARS-CoV-2 i using nasopharyngeal swab samples. ⁶²	Ogawa M...Uehara Y	36183991	2023
26	Systematic identification of chemical components in Fufang Shuanghua oral liquid and screening of potential active components against SARS-CoV-2 protease. ⁶²	Jiang H...Xu HY	36332330	2023
27	Efficacy and safety of Reyanning mixture in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial. ⁶²	Xu X...Xu J	36334390	2023
28	Co-infections among COVID-19 adult patients admitted to intensive care units: results from a retrospective study. ⁶²	Damico V...Ripamonti C	35195240	2023
29	Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 in Mississippi, USA. ⁶²	Das BB...Taylor MB	35801262	2023
30	Strategies for ensuring required service level for COVID-19 herd immunity in Indian vaccine supply chain. ⁶²	Sinha P...Chandra C	33776195	2023
31	Time series analysis of COVID-19 infection curve: A change-point perspective. ⁶²	Jiang F...Shao X	32836681	2023
32	#ENT: Otolaryngology Residency Programs Create Social Media Platforms to Connect With Applicants During COVID-19 Pandemic. ⁶²	DeAtkine AB...Greene BJ	33355006	2023
33	National Narcissism predicts the Belief in and the Dissemination of Conspiracy Theories During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From 56 Countries. ⁶²	Sternisko A...Van Bavel JJ	34872399	2023
34	Potential Cardiac Tamponade Development Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. ⁶²	Patel NT...Amritphale A	36155201	2023
35	Audiological and vestibular symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in children aged 5-11 years. ⁶²	Alde M...Cantarella G	36283164	2023
36	Factors influencing the immune response over 15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A longitudinal population-wide study in the Faroe Islands. ⁶²	Petersen MS...Garred P	35996938	2023
37	[Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection and administration of COVID-19 vaccines with alterations in the menstrual cycle. Literature review]. ⁶²	Molina-Lopez A...Baena Garcia L	36337070	2023
38	Functional consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, fetoplacental unit, and neonate. ⁶²	Carvajal J...Sobrevia L	36273675	2023
39	Relationship between KIR genotypes and HLA-ligands with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Saudi population. ⁶²	Alomar S...Alanazi AD	36338940	2023
40	Incidence of SARS-COV-2 infection among swimming athletes: data from real life in Apulia (Italy), July 2020/August 2021. ⁶²	Stefanizzi P...Tafuri S	35452071	2023
41	SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among First Responders in Northeastern Ohio, 2020. ⁶²	Zhang X...Schmotzer C	36114657	2023
42	Spatial and temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: Modeling, analysis and simulation. ⁶²	Wu P...Feng Z	36124095	2023
43	COVID-19-associated coagulopathy in children: A multicenter observational cohort study. ⁶²	Zabeida A...Sabapathy C	36326142	2023
44	Structural modeling of protein ensembles between E3 RING ligases and SARS-CoV-2: The role of zinc binding domains. ⁶²	Chasapis CT...Peana M	36209710	2023
45	Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant is entirely substituted by the omicron variant during the fifth COVID-19 wave in Attica region. ⁶²	Galani A...Thomaidis N	36181801	2023
46	Antibody protection from SARS-CoV-2 respiratory tract exposure and infection. ⁶²	Chen A...Gregory Forest M	36306828	2023
47	COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: misinformation and perceptions of vaccine safety. ⁶²	Kricorian K...Equils O	34325612	2022
48	The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on snacking habits, fast-food and alcohol consumption: A systematic review of the evidence. ⁶²	Bakaloudi DR...Chourdakis M	34049747	2022
49	Emerging COVID-19 variants and their impact on SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, therapeutics and vaccines. ⁶²	Fernandes Q...Dermime S	35132910	2022
50	The impact of COVID-19 on diet quality, food security and nutrition in low and middle income countries: A systematic review of the evidence. ⁶²	Picchioni F...Roberfroid D	34535329	2022

Sources

Genes for Covid-19

Genes related to Covid-19 (0 elite genes):

(show top 50) (show all 62)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	ACE2	Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2	Protein Coding	42.19	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
2	CGAS	Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase	Protein Coding	40.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Proteins Pathways & Interactions Functions (show sections)
3	TMPRSS2	Transmembrane Serine Protease 2	Protein Coding	39.39	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
4	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	38.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
5	IL1B	Interleukin 1 Beta	Protein Coding	34.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
6	F3	Coagulation Factor III, Tissue Factor	Protein Coding	34.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
7	NRP1	Neuropilin 1	Protein Coding	34.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
8	IL2RA	Interleukin 2 Receptor Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	34.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
9	NLRP3	NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3	Protein Coding	33.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions Functions (show sections)
10	STING1	Stimulator Of Interferon Response CGAMP Interactor 1	Protein Coding	30.14	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Proteins Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
11	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	27.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
12	FURIN	Furin, Paired Basic Amino Acid Cleaving Enzyme	Protein Coding	26.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
13	CXCL10	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10	Protein Coding	26.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
14	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	25.84	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
15	CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8	Protein Coding	25.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
16	DPP4	Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4	Protein Coding	25.81	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
17	CCL2	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2	Protein Coding	25.78	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
18	CTSL	Cathepsin L	Protein Coding	25.75	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
19	TLR7	Toll Like Receptor 7	Protein Coding	25.39	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
20	TNNI3	Troponin I3, Cardiac Type	Protein Coding	25.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
21	CCL3	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3	Protein Coding	24.81	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
22	IL2	Interleukin 2	Protein Coding	24.73	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
23	IFNB1	Interferon Beta 1	Protein Coding	24.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
24	F2	Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin	Protein Coding	24.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
25	IL4	Interleukin 4	Protein Coding	24.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
26	AGTR2	Angiotensin II Receptor Type 2	Protein Coding	24.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
27	TLR4	Toll Like Receptor 4	Protein Coding	24.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
28	REN	Renin	Protein Coding	24.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
29	NPPB	Natriuretic Peptide B	Protein Coding	24.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
30	SLC6A19	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 19	Protein Coding	24.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
31	AGTR1	Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1	Protein Coding	24.19	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
32	HLA-A	Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, A	Protein Coding	23.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
33	IRF3	Interferon Regulatory Factor 3	Protein Coding	23.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
34	AGT	Angiotensinogen	Protein Coding	23.76	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
35	TMPRSS4	Transmembrane Serine Protease 4	Protein Coding	23.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
36	KNG1	Kininogen 1	Protein Coding	23.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
37	IFNA2	Interferon Alpha 2	Protein Coding	23.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
38	PLG	Plasminogen	Protein Coding	23.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
39	HLA-C	Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, C	Protein Coding	23.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
40	TBK1	TANK Binding Kinase 1	Protein Coding	22.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
41	EGFR	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor	Protein Coding	22.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
42	IL22	Interleukin 22	Protein Coding	22.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
43	VDR	Vitamin D Receptor	Protein Coding	22.25	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
44	FCGR2A	Fc Gamma Receptor IIa	Protein Coding	21.85	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
45	SERPING1	Serpin Family G Member 1	Protein Coding	21.84	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
46	NFKB1	Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1	Protein Coding	21.72	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
47	BDKRB1	Bradykinin Receptor B1	Protein Coding	21.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
48	NOS3	Nitric Oxide Synthase 3	Protein Coding	21.54	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
49	NFKBIA	NFKB Inhibitor Alpha	Protein Coding	21.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
50	RELA	RELA Proto-Oncogene, NF-KB Subunit	Protein Coding	20.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Covid-19

Sources

Expression for Covid-19

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Covid-19.

Sources

Pathways for Covid-19

Pathways directly related to Covid-19:

(show all 25)

#	Pathway	Source
1	SARS-CoV-2 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways	Reactome ⁶⁶
2	SARS-CoV-2-host interactions	Reactome ⁶⁶
3	SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Reactome ⁶⁶
4	Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events	Reactome ⁶⁶
5	Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex	Reactome ⁶⁶
6	Attachment and Entry	Reactome ⁶⁶
7	SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses	Reactome ⁶⁶
8	Maturation of spike protein	Reactome ⁶⁶
9	Translation of Structural Proteins	Reactome ⁶⁶
10	Late SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events	Reactome ⁶⁶
11	Maturation of protein 3a	Reactome ⁶⁶
12	SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery	Reactome ⁶⁶
13	SARS-CoV-2 modulates autophagy	Reactome ⁶⁶
14	Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion	Reactome ⁶⁶
15	Maturation of nucleoprotein	Reactome ⁶⁶
16	Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs	Reactome ⁶⁶
17	SARS-CoV-2 Genome Replication and Transcription	Reactome ⁶⁶
18	Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome	Reactome ⁶⁶
19	Maturation of replicase proteins	Reactome ⁶⁶
20	SARS-CoV-2 targets PDZ proteins in cell-cell junction	Reactome ⁶⁶
21	Virion Assembly and Release	Reactome ⁶⁶
22	Maturation of protein E	Reactome ⁶⁶
23	Maturation of protein M	Reactome ⁶⁶
24	Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC)	Reactome ⁶⁶
25	Translation of Accessory Proteins	Reactome ⁶⁶

Pathways related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 66)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Innate Immune System ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁶ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁶	13.99	TNF TLR7 STING1 NLRP3 IL6 IL2RA
2	Disease ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Infectious disease ⁶⁶	13.83	TMPRSS2 TLR7 STING1 NRP1 NLRP3 IL6
3	Signal Transduction ⁶⁶	13.8	CCL2 CXCL10 CXCL8 F3 FURIN IL2RA
4	Akt Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁴ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁴	13.45	CCL2 CXCL10 CXCL8 IL1B IL2RA IL6
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁶	13.34	CCL2 CXCL10 CXCL8 IL1B IL2RA IL6
6	PAK Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁴ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁴	13.33	TNF NRP1 IL6 IL2RA IL1B CXCL8
7	SARS-CoV-2 Infection ⁶⁶ Show member pathways SARS-CoV Infections ⁶⁶ SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses ⁶⁶ SARS-CoV-2-host interactions ⁶⁶	13.26	TMPRSS2 TLR7 STING1 NRP1 NLRP3 FURIN
8	Toll-like receptor signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Hepatitis B infection ⁷⁴ Measles virus infection ⁷⁴ Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway ⁷⁴	12.87	TNF TLR7 IL6 IL2RA IL1B CXCL8
9	Malignant pleural mesothelioma ⁷⁴	12.73	NLRP3 IL6 IL1B CXCL10 CCL2
10	Overview of interferons-mediated signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Mediated Apoptosis ⁶⁴ Cytokine Network ⁶⁴ Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway ²² Interferon alpha/beta signaling ⁶⁶ Jak/STAT Signaling Pathway ⁶⁵ Regulation of IFNA/IFNB signaling ⁶⁶ Type III interferon signaling ⁷⁴	12.68	TNF NRP1 IL6 IL2RA IL1B CXCL8
11	IL-1 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL1 signaling pathway ⁶⁷ Immune response IL-1 signaling pathway ²² Interleukin-1 (IL-1) structural pathway ⁷⁴ Interleukin-33 signaling ⁶⁶ Interleukin-36 pathway ⁶⁶ Mucin expression in CF via TLRs, EGFR signaling pathways ²² Pathogen or Damage-activated C-Type Lectin Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵	12.66	TNF IL6 IL1B F3 CXCL8
12	NF-kappaB Signaling ³	12.6	TNF TLR7 IL2RA IL1B CXCL10 CCL2
13	SARS-CoV-1-host interactions ⁶⁶ Show member pathways SARS-CoV-1 activates/modulates innate immune responses ⁶⁶ SARS-CoV-1 Infection ⁶⁶ SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways ⁶⁶	12.54	TMPRSS2 TLR7 STING1 NLRP3 CTSL ACE2
14	Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Inflammasome Activation Pathways ⁶⁵ Nanomaterial-induced inflammasome activation ⁷⁴ NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ TLR4 signaling and tolerance ⁷⁴ Toll-Like Receptors Pathway ⁶⁴	12.53	TNF TLR7 NLRP3 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
15	Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway ⁷⁴ DEx/H-box helicases activate type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines production ⁶⁶ IkBA variant leads to EDA-ID ⁶⁶ IRF3 mediated activation of type 1 IFN ⁶⁶ IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN ⁶⁶ LRR FLII-interacting protein 1 (LRRFIP1) activates type I IFN production ⁶⁶ Regulation by TREX1 ⁶⁶ Regulation of innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA ⁶⁶ RIP-mediated NFkB activation via ZBP1 ⁶⁶ Selenium micronutrient network ⁷⁴ STAT6-mediated induction of chemokines ⁶⁶ STING mediated induction of host immune responses ⁶⁶ ZBP1(DAI) mediated induction of type I IFNs ⁶⁶	12.47	CGAS CXCL10 IL1B IL6 STING1
16	Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Attachment and Entry ⁶⁶ Attachment and Entry ⁶⁶ Defective MOGS causes CDG-2b ⁶⁶ Maturation of spike protein ⁶⁶ SARS-CoV-1 Infection ⁷⁴ SARS-CoV-2 Infection ⁷⁴ Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex ⁶⁶ Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex ⁶⁶ Translation of Structural Proteins ⁶⁶	12.45	TMPRSS2 NRP1 FURIN CTSL ACE2
17	Bacterial infections in CF airways ²² Show member pathways Altered glycosylation of MUC1 in tumor microenvironment ⁷⁴ IL-1 beta-dependent CFTR expression ²² IL1-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Immune response Bacterial infections in normal airways ²² Immune response TLR signaling pathways ²² NTHi-Induced Signaling ⁶⁴ Signal transduction through IL1R ⁷⁴	12.37	TNF TLR7 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10
18	Toll Comparative Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL-1 Pathway ⁶⁴ Immune response MIF in innate immunity response ²² iNOS Signaling ⁶⁴ TLR-TRIF Pathway ⁶⁴	12.33	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
19	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL17 signaling pathway ⁶⁷ IL-17 signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways ²²	12.31	TNF IL6 CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
20	Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) susceptibility pathways ⁷⁴	12.21	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF
21	IL27-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Show member pathways IL12 signaling pathway ⁶⁷ Th1 Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.98	IL1B IL6 TLR7 TNF
22	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling ⁶⁶	11.98	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CCL2
23	Spinal cord injury ⁷⁴	11.94	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
24	Allograft rejection ⁷⁴	11.92	TNF IL2RA IL1B CXCL8
25	Th17 Differentiation ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL-21 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁵	11.87	TLR7 IL6 IL1B
26	Network map of SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by nsp9-nsp10 complex ⁷⁴	11.83	IL6 CXCL8 CCL2 ACE2
27	Innate Lymphoid Cells Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.81	TNF IL2RA IL1B
28	Burn wound healing ⁷⁴	11.78	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CCL2
29	Extrafollicular B cell activation by SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴	11.76	TNF TLR7 IL6
30	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁵	11.76	TNF TLR7 NRP1 IL6 IL1B
31	Activation of NF-KappaB by PKR ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Canonical NF-kB pathway ⁷⁴ Cellular Transformation by HTLV1 ⁶⁴ Inhibition of PKR ⁶⁶ STING pathway in Kawasaki-like disease and COVID-19 ⁷⁴	11.75	CGAS F3 IL1B NLRP3 STING1 TNF
32	Th17 cell differentiation pathway ⁷⁴	11.74	IL6 IL2RA IL1B
33	AP-1 transcription factor network ⁶¹	11.74	IL6 CXCL8 CCL2
34	Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes ⁶¹ Show member pathways Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway ⁶¹	11.73	TNF IL2RA CXCL8
35	Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Immune response MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation ²²	11.72	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
36	miRNAs involvement in the immune response in sepsis ⁷⁴	11.71	TNF TLR7 IL6 CXCL8
37	IL 10 signaling pathway ⁶⁷	11.69	TNF IL6 IL1B
38	Lung fibrosis ⁷⁴	11.67	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CCL2
39	Non-genomic actions of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 ⁷⁴	11.61	CCL2 CXCL8 IL6 TNF
40	MSP-RON Signaling ⁶⁴	11.57	TNF IL1B CCL2
41	Interactions between immune cells and microRNAs in tumor microenvironment ⁷⁴	11.57	TLR7 IL2RA CXCL10 CCL2
42	SARS-CoV-2 innate immunity evasion and cell-specific immune response ⁷⁴	11.56	TNF TLR7 CXCL8 CCL2 ACE2
43	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ⁷⁴	11.55	TNF IL6 CCL2
44	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis ²²	11.54	TNF IL6 IL1B
45	Fibrin complement receptor 3 signaling pathway ⁷⁴	11.51	CCL2 CXCL10 IL6 TNF
46	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁶	11.47	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
47	Mitochondrial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴ Show member pathways SARS-CoV-2 mitochondrial chronic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction ⁷⁴	11.46	NLRP3 IL6 CTSL ACE
48	Validated transcriptional targets of AP1 family members Fra1 and Fra2 ⁶¹	11.42	IL6 CXCL8 CCL2
49	IL-10 Pathway ⁶⁴	11.41	TNF IL6 IL1B
50	Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family ⁷⁴	11.37	TNF IL6 IL1B

Sources

GO Terms for Covid-19

Cellular components related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	10.02	TNF NRP1 IL6 IL1B FURIN F3
2	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.75	ACE ACE2 CCL2 CTSL CXCL10 CXCL8

Biological processes related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 34)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	GO:0051091	10.24	TNF STING1 IL6 IL1B
2	MAPK cascade	GO:0000165	10.2	TNF TLR7 IL1B CCL2
3	viral entry into host cell	GO:0046718	10.2	NRP1 DPP4 CTSL ACE2
4	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	GO:0050830	10.19	IL1B IL6 NLRP3 TNF
5	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	GO:0032755	10.19	TNF TLR7 IL6 IL1B
6	defense response to virus	GO:0051607	10.18	TLR7 STING1 NLRP3 IL6 CXCL10 CGAS
7	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	10.17	IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
8	regulation of inflammatory response	GO:0050727	10.15	TNF STING1 NLRP3 ACE2
9	regulation of insulin secretion	GO:0050796	10.14	TNF IL6 IL1B
10	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0031663	10.12	TNF IL1B CCL2
11	cellular response to virus	GO:0098586	10.1	TLR7 NLRP3 IL6 CXCL10
12	cellular response to organic cyclic compound	GO:0071407	10.1	TNF STING1 IL1B CCL2
13	negative regulation of neurogenesis	GO:0050768	10.05	TNF IL6 IL1B
14	positive regulation of inflammatory response	GO:0050729	10.02	TNF TLR7 NLRP3 IL1B ACE
15	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	GO:0060252	10.01	IL1B IL6 TNF
16	positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	GO:0051044	10	TNF IL1B FURIN
17	positive regulation of chemokine production	GO:0032722	10	IL1B IL6 TLR7 TNF
18	regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	GO:0003081	9.96	ACE2 ACE
19	positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	GO:0032757	9.96	TNF TLR7 IL6 IL1B F3
20	positive regulation of fever generation	GO:0031622	9.95	TNF IL1B
21	cellular response to interleukin-17	GO:0097398	9.93	IL1B CXCL10
22	defense response	GO:0006952	9.93	TNF NLRP3 CXCL8 CXCL10
23	immune response	GO:0006955	9.93	TNF TLR7 IL6 IL2RA IL1B CXCL8
24	viral life cycle	GO:0019058	9.92	ACE2 FURIN
25	sequestering of triglyceride	GO:0030730	9.92	IL1B TNF
26	angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis	GO:0060978	9.91	ACE NRP1
27	positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	GO:0150078	9.91	TNF IL6 IL1B
28	positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	GO:0060559	9.88	IL1B TNF
29	receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell	GO:0019065	9.88	DPP4 CTSL ACE2
30	negative regulation of gap junction assembly	GO:1903597	9.85	IL1B ACE
31	vascular endothelial growth factor production	GO:0010573	9.8	IL1B IL6 TNF
32	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0071222	9.77	CCL2 CXCL10 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 NLRP3
33	response to external stimulus	GO:0009605	9.69	TLR7 CXCL8 CXCL10
34	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	9.58	TNF TLR7 NLRP3 IL6 IL2RA IL1B

Molecular functions related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	protease binding	GO:0002020	9.86	TNF FURIN F3 DPP4
2	peptidase activity	GO:0008233	9.56	TMPRSS2 FURIN DPP4 CTSL ACE2 ACE
3	peptidyl-dipeptidase activity	GO:0008241	9.46	ACE2 ACE
4	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.28	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2