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MCID: CVD001
MIFTS: 59

Covid-19

Categories: Infectious diseases, Respiratory diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Covid-19

About this section

MalaCards integrated aliases for Covid-19:

Name: Covid-19 12 29 42 44 15
Wuhan Seafood Market Pneumonia Virus Infection 12
Wuhan Coronavirus Infection 12
2019 Novel Coronavirus 12
Sars-Cov-2 Infection 12
2019-Ncov Infection 12
Covid19 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Respiratory diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0080600
MeSH 44 D000086382
SNOMED-CT 67 840539006
ICD10 32 U07.1
UMLS 70 C5203670
Sources

Summaries for Covid-19

About this section
MedlinePlus : 42 COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an illness caused by a virus. This virus is a new coronavirus that has spread throughout the world. It is thought to spread mainly through close contact from person to person. On this page, you'll find links to resources on important issues such as symptoms, risks, and how you can protect yourself and your family. We also have pages on COVID-19 testing and vaccines, including the vaccines that have been authorized in the United States and the others that are still in progress.

MalaCards based summary : Covid-19, also known as wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus infection, is related to adult respiratory distress syndrome and middle east respiratory syndrome. An important gene associated with Covid-19 is ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and ERK Signaling. The drugs Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include kidney, heart and skin, and related phenotypes are cardiovascular system and immune system

Disease Ontology : 12 A Coronavirus infection that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has material basis in SARS-CoV-2.

Wikipedia : 73 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Covid-19

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Diseases related to Covid-19 via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1996)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 adult respiratory distress syndrome 32.3 TNF IL6 IL1B IFNA2 ACE
2 middle east respiratory syndrome 32.1 TMPRSS2 IFNB1 DPP4 CXCL10 ACE2
3 pulmonary embolism 32.0 TNNI3 NPPB F3 ACE
4 pneumonia 32.0 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B CXCL10
5 disease by infectious agent 32.0 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNB1
6 severe acute respiratory syndrome 32.0 TNF TMPRSS2 TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1
7 cardiogenic shock 31.7 TNF NPPB IL6
8 viral pneumonia 31.7 TNF IL6 IFNB1 CXCL10 ACE2
9 vasculitis 31.7 TNF IL6 IFNA2 CCL2
10 respiratory failure 31.6 TNF TLR4 NPPB IL6 IL1B F3
11 disseminated intravascular coagulation 31.6 TNF IL6 F3
12 neutropenia 31.5 TNF IL6 IL1B IFNA2
13 cerebrovascular disease 31.5 TNF TLR4 NPPB IL6 ACE
14 stroke, ischemic 31.5 TNF TLR4 NPPB IL6 IL1B F3
15 influenza 31.5 TNF TMPRSS2 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL10
16 bacterial pneumonia 31.5 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B
17 sleep disorder 31.4 TNF IL6 IL1B ACE
18 conjunctivitis 31.4 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 CCL2
19 congestive heart failure 31.4 TNNI3 TNF NPPB IL6 IL1B ACE
20 urticaria 31.4 TNF IL6 IL4 ACE
21 myelitis 31.4 TNF IL6 IFNB1
22 appendicitis 31.4 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CCL2
23 exanthem 31.4 TNF IL6 IL1B F3 EGFR ACE
24 acute pancreatitis 31.4 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B
25 kawasaki disease 31.3 TNF NPPB IL6 IL4 IL1B CCL2
26 common cold 31.3 TNF IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNA2 ACE2
27 mycobacterium tuberculosis 1 31.3 TNF TLR4 IL4 IFNB1 CXCL10
28 liver disease 31.3 TNF IL6 IL1B IFNA2 F3
29 mental depression 31.3 TNF IL6 IL1B DPP4
30 erythema multiforme 31.3 TNF IL6 IL4
31 pericardial effusion 31.3 TNNI3 NPPB IL6 F3 ACE
32 endocarditis 31.3 TNNI3 TNF IL6
33 plague 31.3 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B
34 body mass index quantitative trait locus 11 31.2 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B DPP4
35 acne 31.2 TNF IL6 IL1B IFNA2
36 hemopericardium 31.2 TNNI3 F3
37 purpura 31.2 TNF IL6 IL4 F3 ACE
38 acute myocarditis 31.2 TNNI3 TNF NPPB ACE
39 pulmonary edema 31.2 TNNI3 TNF NPPB IL1B ACE
40 urinary tract infection 31.2 TLR4 ACE
41 acute myocardial infarction 31.2 TNNI3 NPPB IL6 F3 ACE
42 aspergillosis 31.2 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B CXCL10
43 atrioventricular block 31.2 TNNI3 NPPB ACE
44 encephalitis 31.1 TNF IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL10 CCL2
45 myocarditis 31.1 TNNI3 TNF TLR4 NPPB IL6 IL4
46 chickenpox 31.1 TNF IL6 IL4 IFNB1
47 limb ischemia 31.1 TNNI3 TNF IL6 CCL2 ACE
48 cardiac tamponade 31.1 TNNI3 NPPB F3 ACE
49 pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive 31.1 TNF NPPB IL6 IL4 IL1B CXCL10
50 measles 31.1 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Covid-19:



Diseases related to Covid-19
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Covid-19

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Covid-19:

46 (show all 13)
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 10.37 ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CXCL10 DPP4 EGFR
2 immune system MP:0005387 10.36 ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CCL2 CXCL10 DPP4
3 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 10.35 ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CXCL10 DPP4 EGFR
4 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 10.34 ACE ACE2 ADAM17 DPP4 EGFR F3
5 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.33 ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CXCL10 DPP4 EGFR
6 mortality/aging MP:0010768 10.27 ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CXCL10 DPP4 EGFR
7 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 10.11 ACE2 ADAM17 EGFR IL2RA IL4 IL6
8 integument MP:0010771 10.06 ACE2 ADAM17 EGFR F3 IL1B IL4
9 muscle MP:0005369 9.97 ACE2 ADAM17 EGFR F3 IL6 NRP1
10 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.96 ACE EGFR F3 IFNB1 IL1B IL6
11 nervous system MP:0003631 9.93 ACE ADAM17 CXCL10 EGFR F3 IFNB1
12 respiratory system MP:0005388 9.73 ACE2 ADAM17 DPP4 EGFR F3 IL2RA
13 vision/eye MP:0005391 9.36 ACE ACE2 ADAM17 EGFR F3 IL2RA
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Covid-19

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Drugs for Covid-19 (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 862)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Sofosbuvir Approved Phase 4 1190307-88-0 45375808
2
Ledipasvir Approved Phase 4 1256388-51-8 67505836
3 Bentonite Approved Phase 4
4
Methylprednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 83-43-2 6741
5
Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Approved Phase 4 2921-57-5
6
Prednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-24-8 5755
7
Prednisolone phosphate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 302-25-0
8
Prednisolone acetate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 52-21-1
9
Ivermectin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 70288-86-7 6474909
10
Clarithromycin Approved Phase 4 81103-11-9 84029
11
BCG vaccine Approved, Investigational Phase 4
12
Ibuprofen Approved Phase 4 15687-27-1 3672
13
Protein C Approved Phase 4
14
Apixaban Approved Phase 4 503612-47-3 10182969
15
Valsartan Approved, Investigational Phase 4 137862-53-4 60846
16
Apremilast Approved, Investigational Phase 4 608141-41-9 11561674
17
Sevoflurane Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 28523-86-6 5206
18
Piperacillin Approved Phase 4 66258-76-2 43672
19
Clopidogrel Approved Phase 4 120202-66-6, 113665-84-2 60606
20
Ticagrelor Approved Phase 4 274693-27-5 9871419
21
Ofloxacin Approved Phase 4 82419-36-1 4583
22
Levofloxacin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 100986-85-4 149096
23
Pioglitazone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 111025-46-8 4829
24
Tazobactam Approved Phase 4 89786-04-9 123630
25
Fondaparinux Approved, Investigational Phase 4 104993-28-4
26
Ceftaroline fosamil Approved, Investigational Phase 4 229016-73-3
27
Roxithromycin Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Phase 4 80214-83-1 444037 6915744
28
Moxifloxacin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 151096-09-2, 354812-41-2 152946
29
Bivalirudin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 128270-60-0 16129704
30
Argatroban Approved, Investigational Phase 4 74863-84-6 152951
31
Zinc sulfate Approved, Investigational Phase 4 7733-02-0
32
Cefditoren Approved, Investigational Phase 4 104145-95-1, 117467-28-4 9571074 9870843
33
Nintedanib Approved Phase 4 656247-17-5 56843413
34
Amlodipine Approved Phase 4 88150-42-9 2162
35
Loperamide Approved Phase 4 53179-11-6 3955
36
Bismuth subsalicylate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 14882-18-9 53629521
37
Rivaroxaban Approved Phase 4 366789-02-8
38
Tenecteplase Approved Phase 4 191588-94-0
39
Interferon beta-1a Approved, Investigational Phase 4 145258-61-3 6438354
40
Dexamethasone acetate Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 1177-87-3
41
Dexamethasone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-02-2 5743
42
Iron Approved Phase 4 7439-89-6 23925 29936
43
Povidone-iodine Approved Phase 4 25655-41-8
44
Coal tar Approved Phase 4 8007-45-2
45
Isotretinoin Approved Phase 4 4759-48-2 5538 5282379
46
Povidone Approved Phase 4 9003-39-8 131751496
47
Iodine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 7553-56-2 807
48
Prednisone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 53-03-2 5865
49
Famotidine Approved Phase 4 76824-35-6 3325
50
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 51-45-6, 75614-87-8 774

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 4892)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Prevention of Infection and Incidence of COVID-19 in Medical Personnel Assisting Patients With New Coronavirus Disease: a Randomised Controlled Trial Completed NCT04405999 Phase 4 Bromhexine Hydrochloride
2 An Open Clinical Trial to Evaluate Ganovo（Danoprevir ） Combined With Ritonavir in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Completed NCT04291729 Phase 4 Ganovo+ritonavir+/-Interferon nebulization
3 An Open Clinical Trial to Evaluate Danoprevir Sodium Tablets Combined With Ritonavir in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Completed NCT04345276 Phase 4 Danoprevir+Ritonavir
4 TOCILIZUMAB - An Option for Patients With COVID-19 Associated Cytokine Release Syndrome; A Single Center Experience Completed NCT04730323 Phase 4 Tocilizumab
5 Efficacy of Adding Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir Combination, or Nitazoxanide to the Standard of Care in Treatment of COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT04498936 Phase 4 Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir;Nitazoxanide
6 Effectiveness of Ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients Completed NCT04739410 Phase 4 Ivermectin
7 Rapid Development and Implementation of a Remote ECG-monitored Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial During a Pandemic: Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis in COVID-19 Household Contacts Completed NCT04652648 Phase 4 Hydroxychloroquine
8 A Randomized, Open-label, Multicentre, Comparative Study of Therapeutic Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of BNO 1030 Extract, in the Treatment of Mild Forms of COVID-19 Completed NCT04797936 Phase 4 BNO 1030
9 Ivermectin Role in Severe Covid-19 Treatment; a Double-blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial Completed NCT04746365 Phase 4 ivermectin;hydroxychloroquine;Placebo
10 Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Non-commercial, Investigator-initiated Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine Phosphate in Combination With Telemedicine Care in the Risk Reduction of COVID-19 Related Hospitalization or Death, in Ambulatory Patients With COVID-19 Being at Risk of Serious Complications Completed NCT04331600 Phase 4 Chloroquine phosphate
11 A Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Interventional Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Sargramostim (Leukine®) in Improving Oxygenation and Short- and Long-term Outcome of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) Patients With Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure. Completed NCT04326920 Phase 4 Sargramostim
12 Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for COVID-19-associated Hyperviscosity Completed NCT04441996 Phase 4
13 A Randomized Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Zinc in Combination With Either Azithromycin or Doxycycline for the Treatment of COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting Completed NCT04370782 Phase 4 Hydroxychloroquine;Azithromycin;Zinc Sulfate;Doxycycline
14 Telmisartan for Treatment of COVID-19 Patients: an Open Label Randomized Trial Completed NCT04355936 Phase 4 Telmisartan arm will receive 80 mg Telmisartan twice daily plus standard care.
15 Prevention of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreaks by Prophylactic Treatment With Nitazoxanide Completed NCT04406246 Phase 4 Nitazoxanide 500Mg Oral Tablet
16 Efficacy of Fuzheng Huayu Tablets for Treating Pulmonary Inflammation in Patients With COVID-19: A Case-Control Study Completed NCT04645407 Phase 4 Fuzheng Huayu tablet
17 A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Zinc for the Treatment of COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting Completed NCT04621461 Phase 4 Placebo
18 The Effect of Berberine on Intestinal Function and Inflammatory Mediators in Severe Patients With Covid-19 Completed NCT04479202 Phase 4 Berberine;Montmorrillonite
19 Stopping ACE-inhibitors in COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT04353596 Phase 4 ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker
20 The Effectiveness of Cerebrolycin for Treatment of Post-covid Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions: A Pilot Study Completed NCT04830943 Phase 4 Cerebrolysin
21 Evaluation of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir Combo in COIVD-19 Patients in Egypt (Single Center Study) Completed NCT04773756 Phase 4 Sofosbuvir 400 MG/ Daclatasvir 60mg
22 Comparative Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir Plus Lopinavir/ Ritonavir and Tocilizumab Versus Hydroxychloroquine Plus Ivermectin and Tocilizumab in COVID-19 Patients. Recruiting NCT04779047 Phase 4 Remdesivir;Hydroxychloroquine;Tocilizumab;Lopinavir/ Ritonavir;Ivermectin
23 A Randomized Clinical Trial for Enhanced Trained Immune Responses Through Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination to Prevent Infections by COVID-19: The ACTIVATE II Trial Recruiting NCT04414267 Phase 4
24 Pilot Study of Safety and Efficacy of Nitazoxanide in Post-exposure Prophylaxis in Household Contacts of Patients With Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection Recruiting NCT04788407 Phase 4 Nitazoxanide;Placebo
25 The Study of Quadruple Therapy Zinc, Quercetin, Bromelain and Vitamin C on the Clinical Outcomes of Patients Infected With COVID-19 Recruiting NCT04468139 Phase 4 Quercetin;Zinc;Vitamin C
26 Impact of Colchicine on the Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 and the Development of Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Recruiting NCT04818489 Phase 4 Colchicine 0.5 MG
27 Randomized Open Label Study of Standard of Care Plus an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Compared to Standard of Care Alone to Minimize the Progression to Respiratory Failure in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Recruiting NCT04340557 Phase 4 Losartan
28 A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Cross-Over, Proof-of-Concept Study to Evaluate the Benefit of RUCONEST (C1 Esterase Inhibitor [Recombinant]) in Improving Neurological Symptoms in Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection Recruiting NCT04705831 Phase 4 Ruconest
29 Efficacy of a Nasal Spray Containing Iota-Carrageenan in the Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Disease in Health Personnel Dedicated to Patients Care With COVID-19. Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial (CARR-COV-02) Recruiting NCT04521322 Phase 4 Iota-Carrageenan
30 A Randomized Double-blinded Placebo-controlled Outpatient Clinical Trial in High Risk Population Confirmed COVID-19 Patients Using Ivermectin and Doxycycline to Prevent COVID-19 Illness-related Hospitalization (COVIVER-OUT PLUS) Recruiting NCT04729140 Phase 4 Ivermectin Tablets;Doxycycline Tablets;Placebo
31 Fluoxetine to Reduce Intubation and Death After COVID19 Infection Recruiting NCT04377308 Phase 4 Fluoxetine
32 mulTi-Arm Therapeutic Study in Pre-ICu Patients Admitted With Covid-19 - Repurposed Drugs (TACTIC-R) Recruiting NCT04390464 Phase 4 Ravulizumab;Baricitinib
33 Controlled evaLuation of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for COVID-19 respIraTorY Disease Recruiting NCT04394117 Phase 4 Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
34 Open, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cyclosporine Plus Standard Treatment vs Standard Treatment Only in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infection Recruiting NCT04392531 Phase 4 Cyclosporine;Standard treatment
35 Does Silymarin Mitigate Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Patients Admitted to an Internal Medicine Ward With Elevated Liver Enzymes? Recruiting NCT04816682 Phase 4 Silymarin
36 COVID-19 Primary Care Platform for Early Treatment and Recovery (COPPER) Study: an Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial Recruiting NCT04746430 Phase 4 Dexamethasone
37 Comparative Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir Versus Lopinavir/ Ritonavir and Remdesivir Combination in COVID-19 Patients Recruiting NCT04738045 Phase 4 Remdesivir;Lopinavir/ Ritonavir and Remdesivir combination
38 Vitamin D Supplementation and Covid-19: a Randomised, Double- Blind, Controlled Study Recruiting NCT04636086 Phase 4 Cholecalciferol
39 Timing of Corticosteroids in COVID-19 Recruiting NCT04530409 Phase 4 Early-Dexamethasone;Late-Dexamethasone
40 Anosmia and / or Ageusia in COVID-19: Timeline, Treatment With Early Corticosteroid and Recovery Recruiting NCT04528329 Phase 4 Early-Dexamethasone;Late dexamethazone
41 A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Controlled Platform Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Antithrombotic Strategies in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 Recruiting NCT04505774 Phase 4 theraputic heparin;prophylactic heparin;P2Y12
42 Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Inactivated Adsorbed Vaccine Against COVID-19 CoronaVac, Among Public Safety and Education Workers With Risk Factors for Severity, in Manaus (Amazonas) Recruiting NCT04789356 Phase 4
43 Apixaban for PrOphyLaxis of thromboemboLic Outcomes in COVID-19 - the Apollo Trial Recruiting NCT04746339 Phase 4 Apixaban 2.5 MG;Placebo
44 Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide, in add-on to Standard Therapy, on Inflammatory Markers of Patients With Interstitial Pneumonia Due to COVID-19. A Pilot Controlled, Randomized, Open Lable Clinical Study Recruiting NCT04568876 Phase 4
45 Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate the Use of Nebulized Heparin in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Recruiting NCT04530578 Phase 4 Heparin sodium;Enoxaparin
46 The Use of Tocilizumab in the Management of Patients Who Have Severe COVID-19 With Suspected Pulmonary Hyperinflammation Recruiting NCT04377750 Phase 4 Tocilizumab
47 Immunological Responses After Vaccination for COVID-19 With the Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Vaccine Comirnaty in Immunosuppressed and Immunocompetent Individuals. An Open and Non-randomized, Phase IV Multicenter Study Recruiting NCT04780659 Phase 4
48 Efficacy of Low or High Dose of Dexamethasone in Patients With Respiratory Failure by COVID-19 Recruiting NCT04726098 Phase 4 Dexamethasone high dose;Dexamethasone low dose
49 Effect of Pioglitazone on Inflammatory Response and Clinical Outcome in T2DM Patients With COVID-19 Recruiting NCT04604223 Phase 4 Pioglitazone 45 mg
50 Effects of Higher Dose and Lower Dose of Dexamethasone for Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Recruiting NCT04707534 Phase 4 Dexamethasone

Search NIH Clinical Center for Covid-19

Cochrane evidence based reviews: covid-19

Sources

Genetic Tests for Covid-19

About this section

Genetic tests related to Covid-19:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Covid-19 29
Sources

Anatomical Context for Covid-19

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Covid-19:

40
Kidney, Heart, Skin, Liver, Endothelial, Lung, Bone
Sources

Publications for Covid-19

About this section

Articles related to Covid-19:

(show top 50) (show all 30000)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Effectiveness and safety review of Chinese herbal sachets for external use in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. 42 61
33761686 2021
2
Efficacy and safety of Levamisole treatment in clinical presentations of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. 61 42
33761870 2021
3
African Americans Struggle With the Current COVID-19. 42 61
33759842 2020
4
Offline: The lessons of smallpox eradication for COVID-19. 61
33341128 2021
5
SARS-CoV-2 genomic characterization and clinical manifestation of the COVID-19 outbreak in Uruguay. 61
33306459 2021
6
Disparities in case frequency and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among various states in the United States. 61
33138653 2021
7
Remote clinical training practice in the neurology internship during the COVID-19 pandemic. 61
33685381 2021
8
COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome and diagnostic principles: an old and new Issue. 61
33522893 2021
9
Human challenge trials to assess the efficacy of currently approved COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants. 61
33635184 2021
10
Protecting women: new domestic violence countermeasures for COVID-19 in Japan. 61
33533321 2021
11
Cross-reactive antibody against human coronavirus OC43 spike protein correlates with disease severity in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study. 61
33734013 2021
12
The perceptions of anatomy teachers for different majors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national Chinese survey. 61
33720807 2021
13
Immune dysregulation and system pathology in COVID-19. 61
33757410 2021
14
Time-course analysis reveals that corticosteroids resuscitate diminished CD8+ T cells in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. 61
33183091 2021
15
Virus-associated ribozymes and nano carriers against COVID-19. 61
33645342 2021
16
Age and frailty in COVID-19 vaccine development. 61
33220853 2021
17
Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic. 61
33666147 2021
18
Transmission rates and environmental reservoirs for COVID-19 - a modeling study. 61
33402047 2021
19
A novel DNA and protein combination COVID-19 vaccine formulation provides full protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques. 61
33555988 2021
20
Clinical and inflammatory features based machine learning model for fatal risk prediction of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: results from a retrospective cohort study. 61
33410720 2021
21
The cardiovascular aspect of COVID-19. 61
33345626 2021
22
Hematologic autoimmune disorders in the course of COVID-19: a systematic review of reported cases. 61
33594951 2021
23
Evaluation of the susceptibility and fatality of lung cancer patients towards the COVID-19 infection: A systemic approach through analyzing the ACE2, CXCL10 and their co-expressed genes. 61
33585826 2021
24
Admission hyperglycaemia as a predictor of mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 regardless of diabetes status: data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. 61
33063540 2021
25
Post COVID 19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an older adult. 61
33719897 2021
26
IL-6 and other biomarkers as predictors of severity in COVID-19. 61
33305624 2021
27
Spontaneous ilio-psoas haematomas (IPHs): a warning for COVID-19 inpatients. 61
33491498 2021
28
COVID-19 pandemic: a catalyst for transformation of a summer online research program. 61
33567998 2021
29
COVID-19: anxiety among hospital staff and associated factors. 61
33350869 2021
30
Heterologous prime-boost: breaking the protective immune response bottleneck of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. 61
33691606 2021
31
COVID-19 evolution during the pandemic - Implications of new SARS-CoV-2 variants on disease control and public health policies. 61
33494661 2021
32
Applications of the High Impact Practices in Family Planning during COVID-19. 61
33599196 2021
33
Efficacy of the current investigational drugs for the treatment of COVID-19: a scoping review. 61
33706639 2021
34
CPMPARISON between COVID-19 and MERS demographic data in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study. 61
33797350 2021
35
Changes in serum virus-specific IgM/IgG antibody in asymptomatic and discharged patients with reoccurring positive COVID-19 nucleic acid test (RPNAT). 61
32808808 2021
36
Increased expression of hypoxia-induced factor 1α mRNA and its related genes in myeloid blood cells from critically ill COVID-19 patients. 61
33345622 2021
37
Vaccination against COVID-19 and inequalities - Avoiding making a bad situation worse. 61
33686381 2021
38
Can povidone iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update. 61
33747261 2021
39
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on food losses in the agricultural value chains in Africa: The Nigerian case study. 61
33564750 2021
40
Zimbabwe's prison facilities: Preparedness for institutional COVID-19 outbreaks. 61
33564751 2021
41
Are children and schools a COVID-19 threat? 61
33723536 2021
42
Nursing and precision predictive analytics monitoring in the acute and intensive care setting: An emerging role for responding to COVID-19 and beyond. 61
33426534 2021
43
Migration, ethnicity, racism and the COVID-19 pandemic: A conference marking the launch of a new Global Society. 61
33778793 2021
44
COVID-19 interferes in the disclosure of the first Brazilian GIAHS site. 61
33053142 2021
45
COVID-19, stock market and sectoral contagion in US: a time-frequency analysis. 61
33583992 2021
46
Innovation as recovery strategy for SMEs in emerging economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. 61
33558782 2021
47
The effectiveness of contact tracing in mitigating COVID-19 outbreak: A model-based analysis in the context of India. 61
33758439 2021
48
Transcranial approach as surgical treatment for giant pituitary adenoma during COVID 19 pandemic - What can we learn?: A case report. 61
33654658 2021
49
An analysis model of diagnosis and treatment for COVID-19 pandemic based on medical information fusion. 61
33679271 2021
50
Characteristics and operation outcomes of neuro-oncology patients after COVID-19 pandemic - A case series. 61
33754122 2021
Sources

Variations for Covid-19

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Expression for Covid-19

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Covid-19.
Sources

Pathways for Covid-19

About this section

Pathways related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 76)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Innate Immune System 65
Show member pathways
 14.1 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
2
ERK Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.9 TNF NRP1 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
3
Viral mRNA Translation 65
Show member pathways
 13.76 TNF TMPRSS2 TLR4 NRP1 IL6 IL1B
4
PEDF Induced Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.75 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
5
TGF-Beta Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.62 TNF IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1
6
Akt Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.5 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
7
PAK Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.38 TNF NRP1 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
8
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system 65
Show member pathways
 13.36 TNF IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1
9
Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway 36 1
Show member pathways
 13.22 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
10
p70S6K Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.14 NRP1 IL6 IL4 IL2RA EGFR CCL2
11
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 13.07 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IFNB1
12
Human cytomegalovirus infection 36
Show member pathways
 12.99 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
13
Allograft rejection 36 1
Show member pathways
 12.94 TNF IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNA2
14
Herpes simplex virus 1 infection 36
12.89 TNF IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2 CCL2
15
NF-KappaB Family Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.77 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B EGFR
16
T cell receptor signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.7 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B EGFR
17
Th17 cell differentiation 36
Show member pathways
 12.7 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
18
NF-kappaB Signaling 4
12.67 TNF IL4 IL2RA IL1B CXCL10 CCL2
19
Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 12.66 TNF IL6 IL1B EGFR CCL2
20
Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA 65
Show member pathways
 12.63 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2 CXCL10
21
Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.53 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
22
JAK-STAT signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.52 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IFNB1 IFNA2 EGFR
23
Shigellosis 36
12.5 TNF TLR4 IL1B IFNB1 EGFR
24
Selenium Micronutrient Network 1
Show member pathways
 12.44 TNF IL6 IL4 IL1B CCL2
25
Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions 64
Show member pathways
 12.44 TNF IL6 IL2RA CXCL10 CCL2
26
IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.42 TNF IL6 IL4 IL1B CXCL10 CCL2
27
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection 36
12.39 TNF NRP1 IL6 IL2RA
28
Measles 36
Show member pathways
 12.36 TNF TMPRSS2 TLR4 IL6 IL2RA IL1B
29
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade 65
Show member pathways
 12.33 TNF TLR4 IL6 IFNB1
30
IL-1 Family Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.33 TNF IL6 IL1B F3 EGFR
31
Toxoplasmosis 36
Show member pathways
 12.32 TNF TLR4 IL4 IL1B
32
Dilated cardiomyopathy 36
Show member pathways
 12.31 TNNI3 TNF IL6 ACE
33
Necroptosis 36
Show member pathways
 12.31 TNF TLR4 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
34
Tuberculosis 36
12.3 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
35
Colorectal Cancer Metastasis 63
12.26 TNF TLR4 IL6 EGFR
36
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway 36
12.23 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
37
Bacterial infections in CF airways 23
Show member pathways
 12.17 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNB1
38
Yersinia infection 36
12.15 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CCL2
39
MAPK Pathway 69
Show member pathways
 12.12 TLR4 IL2RA IL1B EGFR
40
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers 64
12.1 TNF IL6 IL4 IL2RA IFNA2
41
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 65
12.09 TNF IL6 IL4 IL1B CCL2
42
Amoebiasis 36
12.03 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B
43
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications 36
12.02 TNF IL6 IL1B F3 CCL2
44
Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 12.02 TNF NRP1 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
45
Hematopoietic cell lineage 36
12 TNF IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
46
TNF signaling pathway 36
11.98 TNF IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL10 CCL2
47
Th17 Differentiation Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 11.97 TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B
48
Rheumatoid arthritis 36
11.94 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CCL2
49
Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways 64
11.9 TNF IL4 IL2RA IL1B
50
Th1 Differentiation Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 11.88 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B
Sources

GO Terms for Covid-19

About this section

Cellular components related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cell surface GO:0009986 9.81 TNF TLR4 NRP1 IL2RA F3 EGFR
2 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.8 TNF NRP1 NPPB IL6 IL4 IL1B
3 external side of plasma membrane GO:0009897 9.72 TNF TLR4 IL2RA CXCL10 ACE
4 membrane raft GO:0045121 9.65 TNF EGFR DPP4 ADAM17 ACE2
5 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.53 TNF TMPRSS2 NRP1 NPPB IL6 IL4

Biological processes related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 59)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 10.25 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IFNB1 EGFR
2 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893 10.18 TNF IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNA2 EGFR
3 positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 10.12 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B F3
4 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 10.08 IL6 IL4 IL1B EGFR DPP4 CXCL10
5 MAPK cascade GO:0000165 10.05 TNF IL2RA IL1B EGFR CCL2
6 cell-cell signaling GO:0007267 10.02 NRP1 IL1B IFNA2 CXCL10
7 defense response to virus GO:0051607 10.01 IL6 IFNB1 IFNA2 CXCL10
8 positive regulation of protein phosphorylation GO:0001934 10.01 TNF IL1B EGFR ADAM17
9 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374 10 TNF TLR4 NRP1 EGFR CCL2
10 response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0032496 9.99 TLR4 IL1B CXCL10 ADAM17
11 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051092 9.98 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B
12 defense response GO:0006952 9.98 TNF IFNB1 IFNA2 CXCL10
13 positive regulation of cell migration GO:0030335 9.97 IL4 IL1B F3 EGFR CXCL10 ADAM17
14 positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 9.92 TNF TLR4 IL1B EGFR
15 viral entry into host cell GO:0046718 9.92 NRP1 EGFR DPP4 ACE2
16 immune response GO:0006955 9.92 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
17 positive regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032755 9.91 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B
18 cell surface receptor signaling pathway GO:0007166 9.91 NPPB IL2RA IFNB1 IFNA2 EGFR CXCL10
19 cellular response to mechanical stimulus GO:0071260 9.9 TLR4 IL1B EGFR
20 B cell differentiation GO:0030183 9.9 IL4 IFNB1 IFNA2 ADAM17
21 cellular response to organic cyclic compound GO:0071407 9.89 TNF IL1B CCL2
22 positive regulation of interferon-gamma production GO:0032729 9.89 TNF TLR4 IL1B
23 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048661 9.88 TNF IL6 EGFR
24 regulation of insulin secretion GO:0050796 9.88 TNF IL6 IL1B DPP4
25 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein GO:0042531 9.88 TNF IL6 IL4 IFNA2
26 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0071222 9.88 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL10 CCL2
27 positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production GO:0032731 9.87 TNF TLR4 IL6
28 positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling GO:1901224 9.87 TNF TLR4 IL1B EGFR
29 positive regulation of T cell proliferation GO:0042102 9.86 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
30 positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process GO:0045429 9.85 TNF TLR4 IL1B
31 protein kinase B signaling GO:0043491 9.84 TNF IL1B CCL2
32 positive regulation of interleukin-10 production GO:0032733 9.84 TLR4 IL6 IL4
33 positive regulation of phosphorylation GO:0042327 9.83 NRP1 IFNA2 EGFR
34 negative regulation of neurogenesis GO:0050768 9.81 TNF IL6 IL1B
35 positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response GO:1900017 9.81 TNF TLR4 IL6
36 regulation of blood vessel diameter GO:0097746 9.8 NPPB ACE2 ACE
37 positive regulation of chemokine production GO:0032722 9.78 TNF TLR4 IL6 ADAM17
38 positive regulation of glial cell proliferation GO:0060252 9.77 TNF IL6 IL1B
39 positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process GO:0045348 9.73 TLR4 IL4
40 lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway GO:0031663 9.73 TNF TLR4 IL1B CCL2
41 positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production GO:2000343 9.72 TNF TLR4
42 regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier GO:1903140 9.72 TNF IL1B
43 negative regulation of lipid storage GO:0010888 9.72 TNF IL6
44 positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis GO:0002690 9.72 IL6 CXCL10 ADAM17
45 negative regulation of T cell differentiation GO:0045581 9.7 IFNB1 IFNA2
46 positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response GO:0150078 9.7 TNF IL6 IL1B
47 positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration GO:0071677 9.69 TNF IL4
48 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin GO:0003081 9.69 ACE2 ACE
49 neutrophil mediated immunity GO:0002446 9.69 IL6 ADAM17 ACE
50 positive regulation of fever generation GO:0031622 9.68 TNF IL1B

Molecular functions related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 protein binding GO:0005515 10.26 TNNI3 TNF TMPRSS2 TLR4 NRP1 NPPB
2 virus receptor activity GO:0001618 9.58 EGFR DPP4 ACE2
3 signaling receptor binding GO:0005102 9.43 TLR4 NPPB EGFR DPP4 CXCL10 CCL2
4 interleukin-6 receptor binding GO:0005138 9.37 IL6 ADAM17
5 cytokine receptor binding GO:0005126 9.33 IL4 IFNB1 IFNA2
6 peptidyl-dipeptidase activity GO:0008241 9.32 ACE2 ACE
7 cytokine activity GO:0005125 9.23 TNF IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
Sources

Sources for Covid-19

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 20-May-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 Tocris
70 UMLS
71 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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