Covid-19 disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: CVD001 MIFTS: 58	Covid-19 Categories: Infectious diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Covid-19

MalaCards integrated aliases for Covid-19:

Name: Covid-19 ¹² ²⁹ ⁴² ⁴⁴ ¹⁵

Wuhan Seafood Market Pneumonia Virus Infection ¹²

Wuhan Coronavirus Infection ¹²

2019 Novel Coronavirus ¹²

Sars-Cov-2 Infection ¹²

2019-Ncov Infection ¹²

Covid19 ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Infectious diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:0080600

MeSH ⁴⁴ D000086382

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 840539006

ICD10 ³² U07.1

UMLS ⁷⁰ C5203670

Sources

Summaries for Covid-19

MedlinePlus : ⁴² COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an illness caused by a virus. This virus is a new coronavirus that has spread throughout the world. It is thought to spread mainly through close contact from person to person. On this page, you'll find links to resources on important issues such as symptoms, risks, and how you can protect yourself and your family. We also have pages on COVID-19 testing and vaccines, including the vaccines that have been authorized in the United States and the others that are still in progress.

MalaCards based summary : Covid-19, also known as wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus infection, is related to adult respiratory distress syndrome and disease by infectious agent. An important gene associated with Covid-19 is ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and ERK Signaling. The drugs Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include kidney, endothelial and breast, and related phenotypes are cardiovascular system and hematopoietic system

Disease Ontology : ¹² A Coronavirus infection that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has material basis in SARS-CoV-2.

Wikipedia : ⁷³ 2020... more...

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Related Diseases for Covid-19

Diseases related to Covid-19 via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1963)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	adult respiratory distress syndrome	32.2	IL6 IL1B IFNA2 CXCL8 ACE
2	disease by infectious agent	32.2	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNB1
3	middle east respiratory syndrome	32.1	TMPRSS2 IFNB1 DPP4 CXCL10 ACE2
4	pulmonary embolism	32.0	TNNI3 NPPB F3 ACE
5	pneumonia	31.9	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10
6	severe acute respiratory syndrome	31.9	TMPRSS2 TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL8
7	cardiogenic shock	31.7	NPPB IL6
8	stroke, ischemic	31.7	TLR4 NPPB IL6 IL1B F3 ACE
9	influenza	31.7	TMPRSS2 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL10
10	viral pneumonia	31.6	IL6 IFNB1 CXCL8 CXCL10 ACE2
11	cerebrovascular disease	31.6	TLR4 NPPB IL6 ACE
12	congestive heart failure	31.6	TNNI3 NPPB IL6 IL1B ACE
13	respiratory failure	31.6	TLR4 NPPB IL6 IL1B F3 CXCL8
14	kawasaki disease	31.5	NPPB IL6 IL4 IL1B CCL2
15	mycobacterium tuberculosis 1	31.5	TLR4 IL4 IFNB1 CXCL10
16	neutropenia	31.4	IL6 IL1B IFNA2 CXCL8
17	encephalitis	31.4	IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL10 CCL2
18	bacterial pneumonia	31.4	TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
19	purpura	31.4	IL6 IL4 F3 ACE
20	plague	31.4	TLR4 IL6 IL1B
21	conjunctivitis	31.4	TLR4 IL6 IL4 CXCL8 CCL2
22	sleep disorder	31.3	IL6 IL1B CXCL8 ACE
23	acute myocarditis	31.3	TNNI3 NPPB ACE
24	myocarditis	31.3	TNNI3 TLR4 NPPB IL6 IL4 IL1B
25	mental depression	31.3	IL6 IL1B DPP4
26	myelitis	31.3	IL6 IFNB1 CXCL8
27	appendicitis	31.3	TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CCL2
28	hemopericardium	31.3	TNNI3 F3
29	limb ischemia	31.3	TNNI3 IL6 CCL2 ACE
30	dermatitis	31.3	IL6 IL4 IL1B CXCL8
31	exanthem	31.3	IL6 IL1B F3 EGFR CXCL8 ACE
32	urticaria	31.3	IL6 IL4 CXCL8 ACE
33	acute pancreatitis	31.3	TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
34	measles	31.3	TLR4 IL6 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1
35	chickenpox	31.3	IL6 IL4 IFNB1
36	pericardial effusion	31.3	TNNI3 NPPB IL6 F3 ACE
37	common cold	31.2	IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNA2 CXCL8 ACE2
38	liver disease	31.2	IL6 IL1B IFNA2 F3 CXCL8
39	orchitis	31.2	IL6 IL1B ACE2
40	erythema multiforme	31.2	IL6 IL4 CXCL8
41	acute myocardial infarction	31.2	TNNI3 NPPB IL6 F3 ACE
42	body mass index quantitative trait locus 11	31.2	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B DPP4 CXCL8
43	atrioventricular block	31.1	TNNI3 NPPB ACE
44	chronic kidney disease	31.1	TNNI3 TLR4 NPPB IL6 IL1B F3
45	urinary tract infection	31.1	TLR4 ACE
46	acne	31.1	IL6 IL1B IFNA2 CXCL8
47	end stage renal disease	31.1	NPPB IL6 IL1B CCL2 ACE
48	cardiac tamponade	31.1	TNNI3 NPPB F3 ACE
49	pulmonary edema	31.1	TNNI3 NPPB IL1B CXCL8 ACE
50	endocarditis	31.1	TNNI3 IL6 CXCL8

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Covid-19:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Covid-19

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Covid-19:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.29	ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CXCL10 DPP4 EGFR
2	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.28	ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CXCL10 DPP4 EGFR
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.27	ACE ACE2 ADAM17 DPP4 EGFR F3
4	immune system	MP:0005387	10.27	ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CCL2 CXCL10 DPP4
5	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.25	ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CXCL10 DPP4 EGFR
6	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	10.2	ACE ACE2 ADAM17 CXCL10 DPP4 EGFR
7	muscle	MP:0005369	9.86	ACE2 ADAM17 EGFR F3 IL6 NRP1
8	neoplasm	MP:0002006	9.81	ACE EGFR F3 IFNB1 IL1B IL6
9	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.7	ACE2 ADAM17 DPP4 EGFR F3 IL2RA
10	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.32	ACE ACE2 ADAM17 EGFR F3 IL2RA

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Covid-19

Drugs for Covid-19 (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 865)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Sofosbuvir

Approved

Phase 4

1190307-88-0

45375808

Ledipasvir

Approved

Phase 4

1256388-51-8

67505836

Bentonite

Approved

Phase 4

Ivermectin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

70288-86-7

6474909

Clarithromycin

Approved

Phase 4

81103-11-9

84029

BCG vaccine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

Ibuprofen

Approved

Phase 4

15687-27-1

3672

Protein C

Approved

Phase 4

Apixaban

Approved

Phase 4

503612-47-3

10182969

Valsartan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

137862-53-4

60846

Apremilast

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

608141-41-9

11561674

Sevoflurane

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

28523-86-6

5206

Tazobactam

Approved

Phase 4

89786-04-9

123630

Piperacillin

Approved

Phase 4

66258-76-2

43672

Clopidogrel

Approved

Phase 4

113665-84-2, 120202-66-6

60606

Ticagrelor

Approved

Phase 4

274693-27-5

9871419

Ofloxacin

Approved

Phase 4

82419-36-1

4583

Levofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

100986-85-4

149096

Pioglitazone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

111025-46-8

4829

Fondaparinux

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

104993-28-4

Ceftaroline fosamil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

229016-73-3

Roxithromycin

Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn

Phase 4

80214-83-1

6915744 444037

Moxifloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

354812-41-2, 151096-09-2

152946

Cefditoren

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

117467-28-4, 104145-95-1

9870843 9571074

Argatroban

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

74863-84-6

152951

Bivalirudin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

128270-60-0

16129704

Nintedanib

Approved

Phase 4

656247-17-5

56843413

Zinc sulfate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

7733-02-0

Amlodipine

Approved

Phase 4

88150-42-9

2162

Bismuth subsalicylate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

14882-18-9

53629521

Loperamide

Approved

Phase 4

53179-11-6

3955

Rivaroxaban

Approved

Phase 4

366789-02-8

Tenecteplase

Approved

Phase 4

191588-94-0

Interferon beta-1a

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

145258-61-3

6438354

Iron

Approved

Phase 4

7439-89-6

23925 29936

Povidone-iodine

Approved

Phase 4

25655-41-8

Isotretinoin

Approved

Phase 4

4759-48-2

5282379 5538

Coal tar

Approved

Phase 4

8007-45-2

Povidone

Approved

Phase 4

9003-39-8

131751496

Iodine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

7553-56-2

807

Prednisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

53-03-2

5865

Histamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

51-45-6, 75614-87-8

774

Famotidine

Approved

Phase 4

76824-35-6

3325

Nicotinamide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

98-92-0

936

Testosterone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

58-22-0

6013

Ketamine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

6740-88-1

3821

Hydrogen peroxide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

7722-84-1

784

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

59467-70-8

4192

Propofol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

2078-54-8

4943

Valproic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

99-66-1

3121

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 4892)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Prevention of Infection and Incidence of COVID-19 in Medical Personnel Assisting Patients With New Coronavirus Disease: a Randomised Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT04405999	Phase 4	Bromhexine Hydrochloride
2	An Open Clinical Trial to Evaluate Ganovo（Danoprevir ） Combined With Ritonavir in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Completed	NCT04291729	Phase 4	Ganovo+ritonavir+/-Interferon nebulization
3	An Open Clinical Trial to Evaluate Danoprevir Sodium Tablets Combined With Ritonavir in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Completed	NCT04345276	Phase 4	Danoprevir+Ritonavir
4	TOCILIZUMAB - An Option for Patients With COVID-19 Associated Cytokine Release Syndrome; A Single Center Experience	Completed	NCT04730323	Phase 4	Tocilizumab
5	Efficacy of Adding Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir Combination, or Nitazoxanide to the Standard of Care in Treatment of COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT04498936	Phase 4	Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir;Nitazoxanide
6	Rapid Development and Implementation of a Remote ECG-monitored Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial During a Pandemic: Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis in COVID-19 Household Contacts	Completed	NCT04652648	Phase 4	Hydroxychloroquine
7	Effectiveness of Ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients	Completed	NCT04739410	Phase 4	Ivermectin
8	Ivermectin Role in Severe Covid-19 Treatment; a Double-blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT04746365	Phase 4	ivermectin;hydroxychloroquine;Placebo
9	A Randomized, Open-label, Multicentre, Comparative Study of Therapeutic Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of BNO 1030 Extract, in the Treatment of Mild Forms of COVID-19	Completed	NCT04797936	Phase 4	BNO 1030
10	Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Non-commercial, Investigator-initiated Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine Phosphate in Combination With Telemedicine Care in the Risk Reduction of COVID-19 Related Hospitalization or Death, in Ambulatory Patients With COVID-19 Being at Risk of Serious Complications	Completed	NCT04331600	Phase 4	Chloroquine phosphate
11	Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for COVID-19-associated Hyperviscosity	Completed	NCT04441996	Phase 4
12	Telmisartan for Treatment of COVID-19 Patients: an Open Label Randomized Trial	Completed	NCT04355936	Phase 4	Telmisartan arm will receive 80 mg Telmisartan twice daily plus standard care.
13	A Randomized Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Zinc in Combination With Either Azithromycin or Doxycycline for the Treatment of COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting	Completed	NCT04370782	Phase 4	Hydroxychloroquine;Azithromycin;Zinc Sulfate;Doxycycline
14	A Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Interventional Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Sargramostim (Leukine®) in Improving Oxygenation and Short- and Long-term Outcome of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) Patients With Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure.	Completed	NCT04326920	Phase 4	Sargramostim
15	Efficacy of Fuzheng Huayu Tablets for Treating Pulmonary Inflammation in Patients With COVID-19: A Case-Control Study	Completed	NCT04645407	Phase 4	Fuzheng Huayu tablet
16	Prevention of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreaks by Prophylactic Treatment With Nitazoxanide	Completed	NCT04406246	Phase 4	Nitazoxanide 500Mg Oral Tablet
17	Stopping ACE-inhibitors in COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT04353596	Phase 4	ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker
18	A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Zinc for the Treatment of COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting	Completed	NCT04621461	Phase 4	Placebo
19	The Effect of Berberine on Intestinal Function and Inflammatory Mediators in Severe Patients With Covid-19	Completed	NCT04479202	Phase 4	Berberine;Montmorrillonite
20	Evaluation of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir Combo in COIVD-19 Patients in Egypt (Single Center Study)	Completed	NCT04773756	Phase 4	Sofosbuvir 400 MG/ Daclatasvir 60mg
21	The Effectiveness of Cerebrolycin for Treatment of Post-covid Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions: A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT04830943	Phase 4	Cerebrolysin
22	Comparative Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir Plus Lopinavir/ Ritonavir and Tocilizumab Versus Hydroxychloroquine Plus Ivermectin and Tocilizumab in COVID-19 Patients.	Recruiting	NCT04779047	Phase 4	Remdesivir;Hydroxychloroquine;Tocilizumab;Lopinavir/ Ritonavir;Ivermectin
23	A Randomized Clinical Trial for Enhanced Trained Immune Responses Through Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination to Prevent Infections by COVID-19: The ACTIVATE II Trial	Recruiting	NCT04414267	Phase 4
24	Pilot Study of Safety and Efficacy of Nitazoxanide in Post-exposure Prophylaxis in Household Contacts of Patients With Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Recruiting	NCT04788407	Phase 4	Nitazoxanide;Placebo
25	The Study of Quadruple Therapy Zinc, Quercetin, Bromelain and Vitamin C on the Clinical Outcomes of Patients Infected With COVID-19	Recruiting	NCT04468139	Phase 4	Quercetin;Zinc;Vitamin C
26	Impact of Colchicine on the Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 and the Development of Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial	Recruiting	NCT04818489	Phase 4	Colchicine 0.5 MG
27	A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Cross-Over, Proof-of-Concept Study to Evaluate the Benefit of RUCONEST (C1 Esterase Inhibitor [Recombinant]) in Improving Neurological Symptoms in Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Recruiting	NCT04705831	Phase 4	Ruconest
28	Randomized Open Label Study of Standard of Care Plus an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Compared to Standard of Care Alone to Minimize the Progression to Respiratory Failure in SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Recruiting	NCT04340557	Phase 4	Losartan
29	A Randomized Double-blinded Placebo-controlled Outpatient Clinical Trial in High Risk Population Confirmed COVID-19 Patients Using Ivermectin and Doxycycline to Prevent COVID-19 Illness-related Hospitalization (COVIVER-OUT PLUS)	Recruiting	NCT04729140	Phase 4	Ivermectin Tablets;Doxycycline Tablets;Placebo
30	Efficacy of a Nasal Spray Containing Iota-Carrageenan in the Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Disease in Health Personnel Dedicated to Patients Care With COVID-19. Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial (CARR-COV-02)	Recruiting	NCT04521322	Phase 4	Iota-Carrageenan
31	Fluoxetine to Reduce Intubation and Death After COVID19 Infection	Recruiting	NCT04377308	Phase 4	Fluoxetine
32	mulTi-Arm Therapeutic Study in Pre-ICu Patients Admitted With Covid-19 - Repurposed Drugs (TACTIC-R)	Recruiting	NCT04390464	Phase 4	Ravulizumab;Baricitinib
33	Controlled evaLuation of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for COVID-19 respIraTorY Disease	Recruiting	NCT04394117	Phase 4	Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
34	Immunological Responses After Vaccination for COVID-19 With the Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Vaccine Comirnaty in Immunosuppressed and Immunocompetent Individuals. An Open and Non-randomized, Phase IV Multicenter Study	Recruiting	NCT04780659	Phase 4
35	Open, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cyclosporine Plus Standard Treatment vs Standard Treatment Only in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infection	Recruiting	NCT04392531	Phase 4	Cyclosporine;Standard treatment
36	Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Inactivated Adsorbed Vaccine Against COVID-19 CoronaVac, Among Public Safety and Education Workers With Risk Factors for Severity, in Manaus (Amazonas)	Recruiting	NCT04789356	Phase 4
37	COVID-19 Primary Care Platform for Early Treatment and Recovery (COPPER) Study: an Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial	Recruiting	NCT04746430	Phase 4	Dexamethasone
38	Apixaban for PrOphyLaxis of thromboemboLic Outcomes in COVID-19 - the Apollo Trial	Recruiting	NCT04746339	Phase 4	Apixaban 2.5 MG;Placebo
39	Comparative Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir Versus Lopinavir/ Ritonavir and Remdesivir Combination in COVID-19 Patients	Recruiting	NCT04738045	Phase 4	Remdesivir;Lopinavir/ Ritonavir and Remdesivir combination
40	Effects of Higher Dose and Lower Dose of Dexamethasone for Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19	Recruiting	NCT04707534	Phase 4	Dexamethasone
41	BCG Vaccine to Reduce Unplanned Absenteeism Due to Illness of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Multi-center Randomised Controlled Trial (BCG-COVID-RCT)	Recruiting	NCT04641858	Phase 4
42	Efficacy of Low or High Dose of Dexamethasone in Patients With Respiratory Failure by COVID-19	Recruiting	NCT04726098	Phase 4	Dexamethasone high dose;Dexamethasone low dose
43	Effect of Dexamethasone in Patients With ARDS and COVID-19 - Prospective, Multi-centre, Open-label, Parallel-group, Randomized Controlled Trial (REMED Trial)	Recruiting	NCT04663555	Phase 4	Dexamethasone
44	Vitamin D Supplementation and Covid-19: a Randomised, Double- Blind, Controlled Study	Recruiting	NCT04636086	Phase 4	Cholecalciferol
45	The Use of Tocilizumab in the Management of Patients Who Have Severe COVID-19 With Suspected Pulmonary Hyperinflammation	Recruiting	NCT04377750	Phase 4	Tocilizumab
46	Anosmia and / or Ageusia in COVID-19: Timeline, Treatment With Early Corticosteroid and Recovery	Recruiting	NCT04528329	Phase 4	Early-Dexamethasone;Late dexamethazone
47	A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Controlled Platform Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Antithrombotic Strategies in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19	Recruiting	NCT04505774	Phase 4	theraputic heparin;prophylactic heparin;P2Y12
48	Does Silymarin Mitigate Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Patients Admitted to an Internal Medicine Ward With Elevated Liver Enzymes?	Recruiting	NCT04816682	Phase 4	Silymarin
49	Timing of Corticosteroids in COVID-19	Recruiting	NCT04530409	Phase 4	Early-Dexamethasone;Late-Dexamethasone
50	Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide, in add-on to Standard Therapy, on Inflammatory Markers of Patients With Interstitial Pneumonia Due to COVID-19. A Pilot Controlled, Randomized, Open Lable Clinical Study	Recruiting	NCT04568876	Phase 4

Search NIH Clinical Center for Covid-19

Cochrane evidence based reviews: covid-19

Sources

Genetic Tests for Covid-19

Genetic tests related to Covid-19:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Covid-19 ²⁹

Sources

Anatomical Context for Covid-19

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Covid-19:

⁴⁰

Kidney, Endothelial, Breast, Skin, Liver, Neutrophil, Eye

Sources

Publications for Covid-19

Articles related to Covid-19:

(show top 50) (show all 30000)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Efficacy and safety of Levamisole treatment in clinical presentations of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. ⁴² ⁶¹	Roostaei Firozabad A...Saghafi F	33761870	2021
2	Effectiveness and safety review of Chinese herbal sachets for external use in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. ⁶¹ ⁴²	Ju J...Jia H	33761686	2021
3	African Americans Struggle With the Current COVID-19. ⁴² ⁶¹	Kandil E...Duchesne J	33759842	2020
4	ECONOMIC CRISES AS A MOTIVE FOR CHANGE IN HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS - A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE WITH REFERENCE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. ⁶¹	Kastelan S...Sopta M	33535767	2021
5	Health-care guidelines and policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: A case of health-inequalities. ⁶¹	Bautista-Gonzalez E...Urbina-Fuentes M	33521627	2021
6	Epidemiological investigation of a COVID-19 family cluster outbreak transmitted by a 3-month-old infant. ⁶¹	Lin GT...Xiang W	33489103	2021
7	Protecting women: new domestic violence countermeasures for COVID-19 in Japan. ⁶¹	Suga T	33533321	2021
8	CPMPARISON between COVID-19 and MERS demographic data in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study. ⁶¹	Mohamed RAEH...Abdullah Thagfan F	33797350	2021
9	Offline: The lessons of smallpox eradication for COVID-19. ⁶¹	Horton R	33341128	2021
10	Remote clinical training practice in the neurology internship during the COVID-19 pandemic. ⁶¹	He M...Gao SG	33685381	2021
11	External validation of a clinical risk score to predict hospital admission and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. ⁶¹	Halalau A...Carpenter C	32997542	2021
12	Disparities in case frequency and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among various states in the United States. ⁶¹	Loomba RS...Lavie CJ	33138653	2021
13	Post COVID 19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an older adult. ⁶¹	Parpas A...Michaud J	33719897	2021
14	Immune dysregulation and system pathology in COVID-19. ⁶¹	Jamal M...Zhang Q	33757410	2021
15	A novel DNA and protein combination COVID-19 vaccine formulation provides full protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques. ⁶¹	Li Y...Cun W	33555988	2021
16	Relation between insulin growth factor 1 and survival after SARS-CoV-2(COVID 19) infection in elderly kidney transplant recipients. ⁶¹	Soliman AR...Sadek KM	33627041	2021
17	COVID-19 evolution during the pandemic - Implications of new SARS-CoV-2 variants on disease control and public health policies. ⁶¹	van Oosterhout C...Tyler KM	33494661	2021
18	Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic. ⁶¹	To KK...Yuen KY	33666147	2021
19	IL-6 and other biomarkers as predictors of severity in COVID-19. ⁶¹	Broman N...Oksi J	33305624	2021
20	Effect of a genetically engineered interferon-alpha versus traditional interferon-alpha in the treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19: a randomised clinical trial. ⁶¹	Li C...Liu L	33620016	2021
21	Classification of COVID-19 pneumonia from chest CT images based on reconstructed super-resolution images and VGG neural network. ⁶¹	Tan W...Zhang Y	33643612	2021
22	Virus-associated ribozymes and nano carriers against COVID-19. ⁶¹	Donmus B...Turkoglu Lacin N	33645342	2021
23	Admission hyperglycaemia as a predictor of mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 regardless of diabetes status: data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. ⁶¹	Carrasco-Sanchez FJ...SEMI-COVID-19 Network	33063540	2021
24	Efficacy of the current investigational drugs for the treatment of COVID-19: a scoping review. ⁶¹	Wadaa-Allah A...Negida A	33706639	2021
25	Time-course analysis reveals that corticosteroids resuscitate diminished CD8+ T cells in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. ⁶¹	Ye F...Zheng X	33183091	2021
26	Performance of prediction models for short-term outcome in COVID-19 patients in the emergency department: a retrospective study. ⁶¹	van Dam PMEL...Stassen PM	33629918	2021
27	Clinical features and outcome of maintenance hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 from a tertiary nephrology care center in Romania. ⁶¹	Stefan G...Capusa C	33307933	2021
28	Association between an increase in blood urea nitrogen at 24 h and worse outcomes in COVID-19 pneumonia. ⁶¹	Ye B...Li W	33583325	2021
29	Transmission rates and environmental reservoirs for COVID-19 - a modeling study. ⁶¹	Yang C...Wang J	33402047	2021
30	Clinical outcomes of initially asymptomatic patients with COVID-19: a Korean nationwide cohort study. ⁶¹	Park HC...Lee YK	33583290	2021
31	Evaluation of a comprehensive pre-procedural screening protocol for COVID-19 in times of a high SARS CoV-2 prevalence: a prospective cross-sectional study. ⁶¹	Stessel B...Cox J	33583292	2021
32	Psychological problems in general population during covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan: role of cognitive emotion regulation. ⁶¹	Riaz M...Bano Z	33307858	2021
33	Spontaneous ilio-psoas haematomas (IPHs): a warning for COVID-19 inpatients. ⁶¹	Vergori A...ReCOVeRI Study Group	33491498	2021
34	Chest CT features associated with the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. ⁶¹	Niu R...Chen J	33426973	2021
35	COVID-19 pandemic: a catalyst for transformation of a summer online research program. ⁶¹	Afghani B	33567998	2021
36	Conducting multiple mini-interviews in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. ⁶¹	Kok KY...Lim MA	33618631	2021
37	The perceptions of anatomy teachers for different majors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national Chinese survey. ⁶¹	Yan Y...Li YQ	33720807	2021
38	Heterologous prime-boost: breaking the protective immune response bottleneck of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. ⁶¹	He Q...Wang J	33691606	2021
39	Cross-reactive antibody against human coronavirus OC43 spike protein correlates with disease severity in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study. ⁶¹	Guo L...Wang J	33734013	2021
40	Human challenge trials to assess the efficacy of currently approved COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants. ⁶¹	Su S...Jiang S	33635184	2021
41	Age and frailty in COVID-19 vaccine development. ⁶¹	Andrew MK...McElhaney JE	33220853	2021
42	COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome and diagnostic principles: an old and new Issue. ⁶¹	Yongzhi X	33522893	2021
43	COVID-19: anxiety among hospital staff and associated factors. ⁶¹	Mattila E...Parkkila AK	33350869	2021
44	Hematologic autoimmune disorders in the course of COVID-19: a systematic review of reported cases. ⁶¹	Taherifard E...Mousavi MR	33594951	2021
45	Evaluation of the susceptibility and fatality of lung cancer patients towards the COVID-19 infection: A systemic approach through analyzing the ACE2, CXCL10 and their co-expressed genes. ⁶¹	Mahmood TB...Hossan MI	33585826	2021
46	Increased expression of hypoxia-induced factor 1α mRNA and its related genes in myeloid blood cells from critically ill COVID-19 patients. ⁶¹	Taniguchi-Ponciano K...Mercado M	33345622	2021
47	Can povidone iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update. ⁶¹	Chopra A...Narayana A	33747261	2021
48	Risk factors of developing critical conditions in Iranian patients with COVID-19. ⁶¹	Arman A...Mansournia MA	33521624	2021
49	A skeleton in the closet: The implications of COVID-19 on XDR strain of typhoid in Pakistan. ⁶¹	Ahmad S...Lucero-Prisno DE	33521736	2021
50	The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on food losses in the agricultural value chains in Africa: The Nigerian case study. ⁶¹	Ilesanmi FF...Afolabi AA	33564750	2021

Sources

Genes for Covid-19

Genes related to Covid-19 (0 elite genes):

(show all 28)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	ACE2	Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2	Protein Coding	37.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
2	TMPRSS2	Transmembrane Serine Protease 2	Protein Coding	34.7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
3	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	33.87	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
4	IL1B	Interleukin 1 Beta	Protein Coding	30.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
5	NRP1	Neuropilin 1	Protein Coding	29.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
6	IFNA2	Interferon Alpha 2	Protein Coding	28.77	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
7	TLR4	Toll Like Receptor 4	Protein Coding	28.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
8	EGFR	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor	Protein Coding	27.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
9	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	23.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
10	DPP4	Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4	Protein Coding	22.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
11	TNNI3	Troponin I3, Cardiac Type	Protein Coding	22.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
12	F3	Coagulation Factor III, Tissue Factor	Protein Coding	21.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
13	IL2RA	Interleukin 2 Receptor Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	21.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
14	NPPB	Natriuretic Peptide B	Protein Coding	21.78	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
15	CXCL10	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10	Protein Coding	21.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
16	IL4	Interleukin 4	Protein Coding	21.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
17	CCL2	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2	Protein Coding	20.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
18	ADAM17	ADAM Metallopeptidase Domain 17	Protein Coding	20.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
19	IFNB1	Interferon Beta 1	Protein Coding	20.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
20	CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8	Protein Coding	20.84	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
21	JAK1	Janus Kinase 1	Protein Coding	20.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
22	CSF2	Colony Stimulating Factor 2	Protein Coding	19.72	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
23	IFNA1	Interferon Alpha 1	Protein Coding	19.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
24	VWF	Von Willebrand Factor	Protein Coding	19.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
25	NLRP3	NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3	Protein Coding	19.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
26	IFIH1	Interferon Induced With Helicase C Domain 1	Protein Coding	19.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
27	STAT1	Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 1	Protein Coding	19.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
28	IL6R	Interleukin 6 Receptor	Protein Coding	19.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Covid-19

Sources

Expression for Covid-19

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Covid-19.

Sources

Pathways for Covid-19

Pathways related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 69)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Innate Immune System ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁵ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁵	14.09	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1
2	ERK Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶³ MAPK Signaling ⁶³ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶³ Rho Family GTPases ⁶³	13.88	NRP1 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B EGFR
3	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶³ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁶ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶³ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶³ IL-6 Pathway ⁶³ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶³ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶³ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶³ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶³ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶³ STAT3 Pathway ⁶³	13.72	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1
4	Viral mRNA Translation ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Cap-dependent Translation Initiation ⁶⁵ CFTR translational fidelity (class I mutations) ²³ Coronavirus disease - COVID-19 ³⁶ Cysteine formation from homocysteine ⁶⁵ Cytoplasmic Ribosomal Proteins ¹ Eukaryotic Translation Elongation ⁶⁵ Eukaryotic Translation Initiation ⁶⁵ Eukaryotic Translation Termination ⁶⁵ Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits ⁶⁵ glutathione redox reactions II ¹ GTP hydrolysis and joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit ⁶⁵ L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression ⁶⁵ Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives ⁶⁵ Metabolism of ingested H2SeO4 and H2SeO3 into H2Se ⁶⁵ Metabolism of ingested MeSeO2H into MeSeH ⁶⁵ Metabolism of ingested SeMet, Sec, MeSec into H2Se ⁶⁵ Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) enhanced by the Exon Junction Complex (EJC) ⁶⁵ Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC) ⁶⁵ Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD) ⁶⁵ Peptide chain elongation ⁶⁵ Ribosome ³⁶ Selenoamino acid metabolism ⁶⁵ Selenocysteine synthesis ⁶⁵ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane ⁶⁵ sulfate activation for sulfonation ¹ Translation ⁶⁵	13.69	TMPRSS2 TLR4 NRP1 IL6 IL1B IFNB1
5	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶³ JNK Pathway ⁶³ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶³ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶³ SOCS Pathway ⁶³	13.6	IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
6	Akt Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶³ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶³	13.46	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B EGFR
7	PAK Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶³ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶³	13.34	NRP1 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B EGFR
8	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁵	13.31	IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
9	Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway ³⁶ ¹ Show member pathways Chagas disease ³⁶ Hepatitis B ³⁶ Hepatitis C ³⁶ Lipid and atherosclerosis ³⁶ Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway ¹	13.19	TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2 EGFR
10	p70S6K Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways mTOR Pathway ⁶³ Renin-Angiotensin Pathway ⁶³	13.11	NRP1 IL6 IL4 IL2RA EGFR CCL2
11	PI3K-Akt signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways Human papillomavirus infection ³⁶	13.04	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IFNB1 IFNA2
12	Human cytomegalovirus infection ³⁶ Show member pathways Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection ³⁶ Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection ³⁶	12.97	TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2 EGFR
13	Allograft rejection ¹ ³⁶ Show member pathways Antigen processing and presentation ³⁶ Asthma ³⁶ Autoimmune thyroid disease ³⁶ CTL Mediated Apoptosis ⁶³ Graft-versus-host disease ³⁶ Intestinal immune network for IgA production ³⁶ THC Differentiation Pathway ⁶³ Type I diabetes mellitus ³⁶ Viral myocarditis ³⁶	12.91	IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNA2 CXCL8
14	Pathways in cancer ³⁶	12.9	IL6 IL4 IL2RA IFNA2 EGFR CXCL8
15	Herpes simplex virus 1 infection ³⁶	12.83	IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2 CCL2
16	Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL-1 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ Immune response IL-1 signaling pathway ²³ Immune response TLR3 and TLR4 induce TICAM1-specific signaling pathway ²³ Inflammasome Activation Pathways ⁶⁴ Mucin expression in CF via TLRs, EGFR signaling pathways ²³ NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴	12.71	TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2 F3
17	T cell receptor signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer ³⁶ T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) Signaling Pathway ¹ T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) pathway during Staphylococcus aureus infection ¹	12.66	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B EGFR
18	Th17 cell differentiation ³⁶ Show member pathways IL-22 Pathway ⁶³ Immune response IL-22 signaling pathway ²³ Inflammatory bowel disease ³⁶ Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation ³⁶	12.65	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
19	NF-kappaB Signaling ⁴	12.63	IL4 IL2RA IL1B CXCL10 CCL2
20	Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway ³⁶ DEx/H-box helicases activate type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines production ⁶⁵ IkBA variant leads to EDA-ID ⁶⁵ IKBKB deficiency causes SCID ⁶⁵ IKBKG deficiency causes anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (EDA-ID) (via TLR) ⁶⁵ IRF3 mediated activation of type 1 IFN ⁶⁵ IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN ⁶⁵ LRR FLII-interacting protein 1 (LRRFIP1) activates type I IFN production ⁶⁵ Regulation by TREX1 ⁶⁵ Regulation of innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA ⁶⁵ RIP-mediated NFkB activation via ZBP1 ⁶⁵ STAT6-mediated induction of chemokines ⁶⁵ STING mediated induction of host immune responses ⁶⁵ TAK1 activates NFkB by phosphorylation and activation of IKKs complex ⁶⁵ TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation ⁶⁵ ZBP1(DAI) mediated induction of type I IFNs ⁶⁵	12.61	IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2 CXCL10
21	JAK-STAT signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways B-Cell Development ⁶³ IL-7 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁴ Interleukin-19, 20, 22, 24 ⁶⁵ Jak/STAT Signaling Pathway ⁶⁴ Type III interferon signaling ¹	12.49	IL6 IL4 IL2RA IFNB1 IFNA2 EGFR
22	Shigellosis ³⁶	12.47	TLR4 IL1B IFNB1 EGFR CXCL8
23	Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ⁶⁵ Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor ³⁶	12.4	IL6 IL2RA CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
24	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL17 signaling pathway ¹ IL-17 signaling pathway ³⁶ Interleukin-17 signaling ⁶⁵ Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways ²³	12.4	IL6 IL4 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
25	Folate Metabolism ¹ Show member pathways Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	12.37	IL6 IL4 IL1B CCL2
26	Measles ³⁶ Show member pathways Epstein-Barr virus infection ³⁶ Influenza A ³⁶	12.36	TMPRSS2 TLR4 IL6 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1
27	Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Diseases of Immune System ⁶⁵ Interleukin-1 Induced Activation of NF-kappa-B ¹ IRAK1 recruits IKK complex ⁶⁵ IRAK1 recruits IKK complex upon TLR7/8 or 9 stimulation ⁶⁵ IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4) ⁶⁵ IRAK4 deficiency (TLR5) ⁶⁵ MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4) ⁶⁵ MyD88 deficiency (TLR5) ⁶⁵ Simplified Depiction of MYD88 Distinct Input-Output Pathway ¹ TLR4 Signaling and Tolerance ¹ Toll-like Receptor Signaling ¹	12.31	TLR4 IL6 IFNB1 CXCL8
28	Tuberculosis ³⁶	12.3	TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
29	Necroptosis ³⁶ Show member pathways Nanoparticle triggered regulated necrosis ¹	12.26	TLR4 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
30	NOD-like receptor signaling pathway ³⁶	12.17	TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2 CXCL8
31	Yersinia infection ³⁶	12.12	TLR4 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL8 CCL2
32	MAPK Pathway ⁶⁹ Show member pathways Toll-like Receptor Pathway ⁶⁹	12.09	TLR4 IL2RA IL1B EGFR
33	Bacterial infections in CF airways ²³ Show member pathways IL-1 beta-dependent CFTR expression ²³ Immune response Bacterial infections in normal airways ²³ Immune response TLR signaling pathways ²³	12.08	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL8
34	Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling ⁶⁵	12.07	IL6 IL4 IL1B CXCL8 CCL2
35	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁴	12.06	IL6 IL4 IL2RA IFNA2
36	TNF signaling pathway ³⁶	12.05	IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL10 CCL2
37	Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways Cytokine Network ⁶³ Interferon alpha/beta signaling ⁶⁵ Regulation of IFNA signaling ⁶⁵	12.02	NRP1 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1
38	Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer ¹	12.01	IL6 IL1B IFNB1 CXCL8
39	Amoebiasis ³⁶	11.99	TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
40	AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications ³⁶	11.99	IL6 IL1B F3 CXCL8 CCL2
41	Hematopoietic cell lineage ³⁶	11.97	IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
42	Th17 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL-21 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁴	11.93	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B
43	Rheumatoid arthritis ³⁶	11.92	TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CCL2
44	Pertussis ³⁶	11.84	TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
45	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ¹	11.83	IL6 IL4 CXCL8
46	Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways ⁶⁴	11.82	IL4 IL2RA IL1B
47	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁴	11.8	NRP1 IL6 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2
48	Th1 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL27-mediated signaling events ¹	11.79	TLR4 IL6 IL1B
49	Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes ¹ Show member pathways Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway ¹	11.79	IL4 IL2RA CXCL8
50	IgA-Producing B Cells in the Intestine ⁶⁴	11.77	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA

Sources

GO Terms for Covid-19

Cellular components related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.8	NRP1 NPPB IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNB1
2	cell surface	GO:0009986	9.76	TLR4 NRP1 IL2RA F3 EGFR DPP4
3	membrane raft	GO:0045121	9.56	EGFR DPP4 ADAM17 ACE2
4	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.53	TMPRSS2 NRP1 NPPB IL6 IL4 IL1B

Biological processes related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 38)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.28	TLR4 NRP1 IL6 IL4 IL1B EGFR
2	positive regulation of gene expression	GO:0010628	10.04	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL1B F3 CXCL8
3	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008284	10.02	IL6 IL4 IL1B EGFR DPP4 CXCL10
4	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.97	NRP1 IL1B IFNA2 CXCL10
5	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.95	TLR4 NRP1 EGFR CCL2
6	defense response to virus	GO:0051607	9.94	IL6 IFNB1 IFNA2 CXCL10
7	response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0032496	9.92	TLR4 IL1B CXCL10 ADAM17
8	defense response	GO:0006952	9.91	IFNB1 IFNA2 CXCL8 CXCL10
9	cellular response to mechanical stimulus	GO:0071260	9.85	TLR4 IL1B EGFR
10	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	9.85	CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
11	positive regulation of cell migration	GO:0030335	9.85	IL4 IL1B F3 EGFR CXCL10 ADAM17
12	regulation of insulin secretion	GO:0050796	9.84	IL6 IL1B DPP4
13	viral entry into host cell	GO:0046718	9.84	NRP1 EGFR DPP4 ACE2
14	chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0070098	9.83	CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
15	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	GO:0042531	9.83	IL6 IL4 IFNA2
16	B cell differentiation	GO:0030183	9.83	IL4 IFNB1 IFNA2 ADAM17
17	positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	GO:1901224	9.82	TLR4 IL1B EGFR
18	positive regulation of T cell proliferation	GO:0042102	9.81	IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B
19	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0071222	9.8	TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
20	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007166	9.8	NPPB IL2RA IFNB1 IFNA2 EGFR CXCL10
21	positive regulation of chemokine production	GO:0032722	9.77	TLR4 IL6 ADAM17
22	positive regulation of interleukin-10 production	GO:0032733	9.77	TLR4 IL6 IL4
23	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0031663	9.76	TLR4 IL1B CCL2
24	positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	GO:0032757	9.76	TLR4 IL6 IL1B F3
25	immune response	GO:0006955	9.76	TLR4 IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B CXCL8
26	positive regulation of phosphorylation	GO:0042327	9.75	NRP1 IFNA2 EGFR
27	humoral immune response	GO:0006959	9.73	IL6 IFNB1 IFNA2 CCL2
28	regulation of blood vessel diameter	GO:0097746	9.72	NPPB ACE2 ACE
29	positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	GO:0045348	9.68	TLR4 IL4
30	positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002690	9.67	IL6 CXCL10 ADAM17
31	negative regulation of T cell differentiation	GO:0045581	9.64	IFNB1 IFNA2
32	vascular endothelial growth factor production	GO:0010573	9.63	IL6 IL1B
33	regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	GO:0003081	9.63	ACE2 ACE
34	negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	GO:2000552	9.61	IFNB1 IFNA2
35	neutrophil mediated immunity	GO:0002446	9.58	IL6 ADAM17 ACE
36	negative regulation of gap junction assembly	GO:1903597	9.56	IL1B ACE
37	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	9.56	TLR4 IL6 IL2RA IL1B IFNA2 CXCL8
38	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	9.32	IL6 IL4 IL2RA IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2

Molecular functions related to Covid-19 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	protein binding	GO:0005515	10.26	TNNI3 TMPRSS2 TLR4 NRP1 NPPB IL6
2	virus receptor activity	GO:0001618	9.61	EGFR DPP4 ACE2
3	chemokine activity	GO:0008009	9.54	CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
4	signaling receptor binding	GO:0005102	9.43	TLR4 NPPB EGFR DPP4 CXCL10 CCL2
5	interleukin-6 receptor binding	GO:0005138	9.4	IL6 ADAM17
6	cytokine receptor binding	GO:0005126	9.33	IL4 IFNB1 IFNA2
7	peptidyl-dipeptidase activity	GO:0008241	9.32	ACE2 ACE
8	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.23	IL6 IL4 IL1B IFNB1 IFNA2 CXCL8

Sources

Sources for Covid-19

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GARD

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 05-Apr-2021)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ Tocris

⁷⁰ UMLS

⁷¹ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷² UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷³ Wikipedia