Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

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MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many of the body's organs. The disorder's most common signs and symptoms include progressive damage to the respiratory system and chronic digestive system problems. The features of the disorder and their severity varies among affected individuals.Mucus is a slippery substance that lubricates and protects the linings of the airways, digestive system, reproductive system, and other organs and tissues. In people with cystic fibrosis, the body produces mucus that is abnormally thick and sticky. This abnormal mucus can clog the airways, leading to severe problems with breathing and bacterial infections in the lungs. These infections cause chronic coughing, wheezing, and inflammation. Over time, mucus buildup and infections result in permanent lung damage, including the formation of scar tissue (fibrosis) and cysts in the lungs.Most people with cystic fibrosis also have digestive problems. Some affected babies have meconium ileus, a blockage of the intestine that occurs shortly after birth. Other digestive problems result from a buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ that produces insulin (a hormone that helps control blood sugar levels). It also makes enzymes that help digest food. In people with cystic fibrosis, mucus often damages the pancreas, impairing its ability to produce insulin and digestive enzymes. Problems with digestion can lead to diarrhea, malnutrition, poor growth, and weight loss. In adolescence or adulthood, a shortage of insulin can cause a form of diabetes known as cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus (CFRDM).Cystic fibrosis used to be considered a fatal disease of childhood. With improved treatments and better ways to manage the disease, many people with cystic fibrosis now live well into adulthood. Adults with cystic fibrosis experience health problems affecting the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. Most men with cystic fibrosis have congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), a condition in which the tubes that carry sperm (the vas deferens) are blocked by mucus and do not develop properly. Men with CBAVD are unable to father children (infertile) unless they undergo fertility treatment. Women with cystic fibrosis may experience complications in pregnancy.

MalaCards based summary: Cystic Fibrosis, also known as mucoviscidosis, is related to bronchiectasis with or without elevated sweat chloride 1 and lung disease, and has symptoms including hemoptysis, snoring and coughing. An important gene associated with Cystic Fibrosis is CFTR (CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers and Lung fibrosis. The drugs Cefepime and Ceftolozane have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include Lung, and related phenotypes are recurrent respiratory infections and malabsorption

MedlinePlus: ⁴¹ Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease of the mucus and sweat glands. It affects mostly your lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sex organs. CF causes your mucus to be thick and sticky. The mucus clogs the lungs, causing breathing problems and making it easy for bacteria to grow. This can lead to repeated lung infections and lung damage. The symptoms and severity of CF can vary. Some people have serious problems from birth. Others have a milder version of the disease that doesn't show up until they are teens or young adults. Sometimes you will have few symptoms, but later you may have more symptoms. CF is diagnosed through various tests, such as gene, blood, and sweat tests. There is no cure for CF, but treatments have improved greatly in recent years. In the past, most deaths from CF were in children and teenagers. Today, with improved treatments, some people who have CF are living into their forties, fifties, or older. Treatments may include chest physical therapy, nutritional and respiratory therapies, medicines, and exercise. NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

GARD: ¹⁹ Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that causes mucus to build up and damage organs in the body, particularly the lungs and pancreas. Signs and symptoms may include salty-tasting skin; persistent coughing; frequent lung infections; wheezing or shortness of breath; poor growth; weight loss; greasy, bulky stools; difficulty with bowel movements; and in males, infertility. Over time, mucus buildup and infections can lead to permanent lung damage, including the formation of scar tissue (fibrosis) and cysts in the lungs. CF is caused by genetic changes in the CFTR gene and inheritance is autosomal recessive.

OMIM®: ⁵⁷ Cystic fibrosis (CF) is classically described as a triad of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and elevation of sodium and chloride concentration in sweat. Almost all males with CF are infertile due to congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. The disorder is associated with decreased longevity (summary by Cutting, 2002). For discussion of a phenotype consisting of bronchiectasis with or without elevated sweat chloride caused by mutation in the genes encoding the 3 subunits of the epithelial sodium channel, see BESC1 (211400). (219700) (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

PubMed Health : ⁶³ Cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis (SIS-tik fi-BRO-sis), or CF, is an inherited disease of the secretory (see-KREH-tor-ee) glands. Secretory glands include glands that make mucus and sweat. "Inherited" means the disease is passed from parents to children through genes. People who have CF inherit two faulty genes for the disease—one from each parent. The parents likely don't have the disease themselves. CF mainly affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sex organs.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ⁷³ A common generalized disorder of the exocrine glands which impairs clearance of secretions in a variety of organs. It is characterized by the triad of chronic bronchopulmonary disease (with recurrent respiratory infections), pancreatic insufficiency (which leads to malabsorption and growth retardation) and elevated sweat electrolytes. It is the most common genetic disease in Caucasians, with a prevalence of about 1 in 2'000 live births. Inheritance is autosomal recessive.

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ A rare, genetic pulmonary disorder characterized by sweat, thick mucus secretions causing multisystem disease, chronic infections of the lungs, bulky diarrhea and short stature.

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A syndrome that is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many organs.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas,... more...

Clinical features from OMIM®:

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