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Diphtheria

Categories: Blood diseases, Infectious diseases, Oral diseases, Rare diseases, Skin diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Diphtheria

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Diphtheria:

Name: Diphtheria 12 77 54 60 56 44 15 17 74 3
Corynebacterium Infections 45 74
Diphtheria, Susceptibility to 13
Corynebacterium Infection 12

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

60
diphtheria
Prevalence: <1/1000000 (Europe); Age of onset: All ages; Age of death: any age;

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Skin diseases Oral diseases Blood diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 34 35
Orphanet: 60  
Rare infectious diseases


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:11405
MeSH 45 D003354
ICD10 34 A36 A36.9
MESH via Orphanet 46 D004165
ICD10 via Orphanet 35 A36.0 A36.1 A36.2 more
UMLS via Orphanet 75 C0012546
Orphanet 60 ORPHA1679
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Summaries for Diphtheria

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MedlinePlus : 44 Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. You can catch it from a person who has the infection and coughs or sneezes. You can also get infected by coming in contact with an object, such as a toy, that has bacteria on it. Diphtheria usually affects the nose and throat. Symptoms include Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Fever Weakness Your doctor will diagnose it based on your signs and symptoms and a lab test. Getting treatment for diphtheria quickly is important. If your doctor suspects that you have it, you'll start treatment before the lab tests come back. Treatment is with antibiotics. The diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine can prevent diphtheria, but its protection does not last forever. Children need another dose, or booster, at about age 12. Then, as adults, they should get a booster every 10 years. Diphtheria is very rare in the United States because of the vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

MalaCards based summary : Diphtheria, also known as corynebacterium infections, is related to tetanus and leukemia, acute myeloid, and has symptoms including fever, pruritus and tinnitus. An important gene associated with Diphtheria is HBEGF (Heparin Binding EGF Like Growth Factor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Developmental Biology and Cytokine Signaling in Immune system. The drugs Natalizumab and Iron have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include testes, heart and kidney, and related phenotypes are Increased viability with SS1P at EC90 and growth/size/body region

Disease Ontology : 12 A primary bacterial infectious disease that is characterized by sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane (a pseudomembrane) on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity. A milder form of diphtheria can be restricted to the skin. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, an aerobic Gram-positive bacterium. Diphtheria toxin spreads through the bloodstream and can lead to potentially life-threatening complications that affect other organs of the body, such as the heart and kidneys.

CDC : 3 Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. CDC recommends vaccines for infants, children, teens and adults to prevent diphtheria.

Wikipedia : 77 Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Signs and symptoms may... more...

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Related Diseases for Diphtheria

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Diseases related to Diphtheria via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 255)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 tetanus 31.3 IL13 IL2 IL2RA
2 leukemia, acute myeloid 29.5 CSF2 IL2 IL3 IL3RA PARP1
3 burns 29.4 ALB CSF2
4 schistosomiasis 29.2 ALB IL13 IL2
5 keratoconjunctivitis 28.9 IL13 IL2 IL3
6 cutaneous diphtheria 12.7
7 pertussis 11.1
8 pseudomembranous conjunctivitis 11.1
9 diphtheritic peritonitis 11.1
10 specific antibody deficiency 11.1
11 haemophilus influenzae 10.8
12 hepatitis 10.7
13 hepatitis b 10.7
14 poliomyelitis 10.6
15 measles 10.5
16 scarlet fever 10.5
17 leukemia 10.4
18 rubella 10.4
19 mumps 10.4
20 influenza 10.3
21 croup 10.3
22 pityriasis rubra pilaris 10.3
23 myeloid leukemia 10.2
24 smallpox 10.2
25 variola major 10.2
26 sudden infant death syndrome 10.2
27 endocarditis 10.2
28 myocarditis 10.2
29 atrial standstill 1 10.1
30 typhoid fever 10.1
31 distal trisomy 9q 10.1
32 arthritis 10.1
33 cholera 10.1
34 glioblastoma 10.1
35 lymphocytic leukemia 10.1
36 hepatitis a 10.1
37 pneumonia 10.1
38 large granular lymphocyte leukemia 10.0 CSF2 IL2RA
39 bladder cancer 10.0
40 hemiplegia 10.0
41 melanoma 10.0
42 cervicitis 10.0 IL2 IL2RA
43 visceral leishmaniasis 10.0 ALB EEF2 IL2
44 atopic keratoconjunctivitis 10.0 IL2 IL3
45 leukemia, acute lymphoblastic 10.0
46 erysipelas 10.0
47 neuritis 10.0
48 encephalopathy 10.0
49 immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, x-linked 10.0 CD9 IL2 IL2RA
50 seborrheic infantile dermatitis 10.0 CSF2 IL3

Comorbidity relations with Diphtheria via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):


Acute Cystitis

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Diphtheria:



Diseases related to Diphtheria
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Diphtheria

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UMLS symptoms related to Diphtheria:


fever, pruritus, tinnitus, snoring, sore throat, coughing, vertigo/dizziness, equilibration disorder

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Diphtheria according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

27
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Increased viability with SS1P at EC90 GR00376-A-1 8.92 DPH1 DPH2 DPH3 FURIN

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Diphtheria:

47
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 10.1 CD9 CSF2 DPH1 DPH3 EEF2 FURIN
2 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 9.96 CD9 CSF2 DPH1 DPH2 FURIN IL13
3 embryo MP:0005380 9.91 CSF2 DPH1 DPH3 EEF2 FURIN PARP1
4 immune system MP:0005387 9.81 CD9 CSF2 DPH2 FURIN IL13 IL2
5 mortality/aging MP:0010768 9.77 ALB CSF2 DPH1 DPH2 DPH3 EEF2
6 respiratory system MP:0005388 9.17 CD9 CSF2 DPH1 HBEGF IL13 IL2
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Diphtheria

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Drugs for Diphtheria (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 199)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Natalizumab Approved, Investigational Phase 4 189261-10-7
2
Iron Approved, Experimental Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 7439-89-6, 15438-31-0 23925 27284
3
Pentetic acid Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 67-43-6
4
Edetic Acid Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 62-33-9, 60-00-4 6049
5
Adalimumab Approved Phase 4 331731-18-1 16219006
6
Etanercept Approved, Investigational Phase 4 185243-69-0
7
Ibuprofen Approved Phase 4,Phase 2 15687-27-1 3672
8
Acetaminophen Approved Phase 4,Phase 3 103-90-2 1983
9
Lenalidomide Approved Phase 4 191732-72-6 216326
10 Daratumumab Approved Phase 4 945721-28-8
11
Levofloxacin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 100986-85-4 149096
12
Bortezomib Approved, Investigational Phase 4 179324-69-7 387447 93860
13
Ofloxacin Approved Phase 4 82419-36-1 4583
14
Ixazomib Approved, Investigational Phase 4 1072833-77-2
15
Efavirenz Approved, Investigational Phase 4 154598-52-4 64139
16
Lopinavir Approved Phase 4 192725-17-0 92727
17
Emtricitabine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 143491-57-0 60877
18
Ritonavir Approved, Investigational Phase 4 155213-67-5 392622
19
Calcium Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 7440-70-2 271
20
Lactitol Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 585-86-4, 585-88-6 493591
21
BCG vaccine Investigational Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable
22
Tenofovir Experimental, Investigational Phase 4 147127-20-6 464205
23 Vaccines Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1
24 Immunologic Factors Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1
25 Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1
26 Antibodies Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1
27 Immunoglobulins Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1
28 Protective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
29 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
30 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable
31 Aluminum phosphate Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2
32 Anti-Ulcer Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
33 Adjuvants, Immunologic Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
34 Antacids Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
35 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
36 Diphtheria Antitoxin Phase 4,Phase 3
37 Antitoxins Phase 4,Phase 3
38 Tetanus Antitoxin Phase 4,Phase 3
39 Antidotes Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
40 Keyhole-limpet hemocyanin Phase 4,Phase 1
41 Anticoagulants Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
42 Calcium, Dietary Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
43 Iron Chelating Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
44 Chelating Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
45 PENTA Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
46 Fibrinolytic Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
47 Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein Phase 4
48 Antirheumatic Agents Phase 4,Phase 2
49 MF59 oil emulsion Phase 4,Phase 2
50 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Phase 4,Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 589)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 An Immunogenicity and Safety Study of Tetanus, Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Booster Unknown status NCT00870350 Phase 4
2 Vaccination Against Pertussis, Tetanus and Diphtheria in Patients Suffering From Rheumatoid Arthritis Unknown status NCT01301703 Phase 4
3 The Safety and Immunogenicity of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients Unknown status NCT00336115 Phase 4
4 Safety, Long Term Immunogenicity and Lot Consistency Study of Liquid Pentavalent Combination Vaccine Unknown status NCT00877357 Phase 4
5 Diphtheria, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis -Pertussis-Hib Immunisation in Preterm-born Neonates Unknown status NCT02179996 Phase 4
6 Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination in Pregnancy Unknown status NCT01698346 Phase 4
7 Canadian Manufactured Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed (Td) Vaccine Compared With U.S. Manufactured Td Completed NCT00601835 Phase 4
8 Immunogenicity and Safety of a Tetanus-diphtheria Vaccine and a 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Completed NCT03552445 Phase 4
9 Immunogenicity and Safety of Concomitant Administration of RotaTeq™ (V260) and the Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (DTP-IPV) in Healthy Japanese Infants (V260-060) Completed NCT01926015 Phase 4
10 Immune Responses in Adults to Revaccination With ADACEL® 10 Years After a Previous Dose Completed NCT00712959 Phase 4
11 Immunogenicity and Safety Study of a Booster Dose (5th) of Diphteria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Polio Vaccine Completed NCT00514059 Phase 4 Boostrix polio
12 Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Safety of the Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis and Inactivated Poliovirus (DPT-IPV) Vaccine Squarekids Co-administered With GSK Biologicals' Human Rotavirus (HRV) Vaccine Rotarix (GSK444563) in Healthy Infants Completed NCT02907216 Phase 4
13 Immunogenicity of Adacel® and BOOSTRIX® Vaccines in Adolescents Completed NCT01629589 Phase 4
14 Descriptive, Open-label, Multicenter Study of the Safety of Redosing With ADACEL® Vaccine Completed NCT00347958 Phase 4
15 Study of Menactra® in Healthy Subjects at 9 Months and Concomitantly With Pentacel® at 15 to 18 Months of Age Completed NCT01659996 Phase 4
16 Study of Adacel® Vaccine Administered to Persons 10 Years of Age Completed NCT01311557 Phase 4
17 A Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of ADACEL® Vaccine in Persons 65 Years of Age and Older Completed NCT00457249 Phase 4
18 Safety and Immunogenicity in Adults of Revaccination With Adacel® Vaccine 10 Years After a Previous Dose Completed NCT01439165 Phase 4
19 Phase IV Interchangeability Study of a Liquid Pentavalent Combination Vaccine Completed NCT00674908 Phase 4
20 A Phase 4, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of HPV and Tdap When Administered With MenACWY in Adolescents Completed NCT01424644 Phase 4
21 US-licensed Combined Vaccine Against Tetanus & Diphtheria, Given With US-licensed Vaccine Against Meningococcal Disease Completed NCT00282295 Phase 4
22 Post-licensure, Modified Double-blind, Multi-center Study Evaluating Safety and Immunogenicity of ADACEL® and BOOSTRIX® Completed NCT00319553 Phase 4
23 Regulatory Post-Marketing Surveillance Study for TETRAXIM™ Completed NCT01437423 Phase 4
24 Maternal Flu Vaccine Trial in Bamako, Mali Completed NCT01430689 Phase 4
25 Post-marketing Evaluation of Reactions Following Receipt of Recommended Adolescent Pertussis Vaccine Completed NCT00304265 Phase 4
26 Post Marketing Surveillance for ADACEL™ in South Korea Completed NCT01137435 Phase 4
27 A Trial Evaluating a 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Given With Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (DTaP) in Healthy Japanese Infants. Completed NCT01250756 Phase 4
28 Antibody Persistence to REVAXIS or DT Polio and Immune Response to TETRAVAC-ACELLULAIRE Completed NCT01546909 Phase 4
29 Tdap Vaccine in Post-Partum Women Completed NCT01711645 Phase 4
30 Study of DAPTACEL® Administered as a 5th Dose in 4 to 6-Year-Old Children Previously Immunized With PENTACEL™ Completed NCT00802867 Phase 4
31 Study of Menactra® in US Adolescents When Administered Concomitantly With Tdap Vaccine Completed NCT00777257 Phase 4
32 Randomized Study of Not Giving Diphteria-tetanus-pertussis Vaccination With or After Measles Vaccination Completed NCT00244673 Phase 4
33 Safety and Immunogenicity of Simultaneous Tdap and IIV in Pregnant Women Completed NCT02783170 Phase 4
34 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Liquid Pentavalent Combination Vaccine Completed NCT00617812 Phase 4
35 Assessment of the Immunogenicity and Safety of PENTAXIM™ in Philippines Completed NCT00254917 Phase 4
36 Study to Assess if Quinvaxem Can be Interchanged With Other Pentavalent Vaccines During Standard Childhood Vaccination Completed NCT01357720 Phase 4
37 Immunogenicity & Reactogenicity of Boostrix 10 Years After Previous Booster Vaccination. Completed NCT00610168 Phase 4
38 Immunogenicity and Safety of Two-Dose Series of Menactra® in Japanese Healthy Adult Subjects Completed NCT02591290 Phase 4
39 Immunogenicity & Reactogenicity of Boostrix 10 Years After Previous Booster Vaccination in Study NCT01267058 Completed NCT00548171 Phase 4
40 Concomitant Use of Hepatitis A Vaccine, Inactivated With Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Meningococcal Protein Conjugate) and Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed Given to Healthy Children 15 Months of Age (V251-068) Completed NCT00289913 Phase 4
41 Immunogenicity and Safety Study of Infanrix Hexa in Healthy Infants Born to Mothers Vaccinated With Boostrix™ During Pregnancy or Immediately Post-delivery Completed NCT02422264 Phase 4 Prevnar13
42 Post-Marketing Safety Study of Menactra® in Healthy Children, Adolescents, and Adults in the Philippines Completed NCT01270503 Phase 4
43 Evaluation of Boostrix™10 Years After Previous Booster Vaccination Completed NCT01147900 Phase 4
44 Immunogenicity and Safety Study of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Boostrix™ Vaccine in Pregnant Women Completed NCT02377349 Phase 4 Saline placebo
45 Immunogenicity and Safety of Booster Dose of BoostrixTM Polio Vaccine in Previously Boosted Adults Completed NCT01323959 Phase 4
46 Immunogenicity and Safety of BoostrixTM Using a New Syringe in 10 to 15-year Old Adolescents Completed NCT01362322 Phase 4
47 Persistence of Immunogenicity of MenACWY Conjugate Vaccine 5 Years After Childhood Vaccination, and Immune Response to a Booster Dose Completed NCT01823536 Phase 4
48 Immunogenicity and Safety of Sanofi Pasteur Pentaxim Combined Vaccine in Infants in Thailand Completed NCT00255021 Phase 4
49 Tropical Influenza Control Strategies for the Elderly Completed NCT02655874 Phase 4
50 Immunogenicity and Safety of TETRAXIM™ Given as a Booster Dose at 4 to 6 Years of Age Completed NCT01031303 Phase 4

Search NIH Clinical Center for Diphtheria

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 74 / NDF-RT 52 :


Cochrane evidence based reviews: corynebacterium infections

Sources

Genetic Tests for Diphtheria

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Anatomical Context for Diphtheria

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Diphtheria:

42
Testes, Heart, Kidney, Skin, Tonsil, T Cells, Lymph Node
Sources

Publications for Diphtheria

About this section

Articles related to Diphtheria:

(show top 50) (show all 3208)
# Title Authors Year
1
Whole genome sequencing suggests transmission of Corynebacterium diphtheriae-caused cutaneous diphtheria in two siblings, Germany, 2018. ( 30646974 )
2019
2
Persistence of Antibodies against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Poliovirus Types I, II, and III Following Immunization with DTaP Combined with Inactivated Wild-Type Polio Vaccine (DTaP-wIPV). ( 30381690 )
2019
3
Cardiotoxicity Associated with Midazolam in a Patient with Diphtheria. ( 30394214 )
2019
4
Massive diphtheria outbreak among Rohingya refugees: lessons learnt. ( 30407562 )
2019
5
Observational studies of non-specific effects of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccines in low-income countries: Assessing the potential impact of study characteristics, bias and confounding through meta-regression. ( 30471957 )
2019
6
Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Epitope Mapping Reveals Distinct Neutralizing Mechanisms for Two Monoclonal Antibodies against Diphtheria Toxin. ( 30560647 )
2019
7
Clinical Activity and Tolerability of SL-401 (Tagraxofusp): Recombinant Diphtheria Toxin and Interleukin-3 in Hematologic Malignancies. ( 30621282 )
2019
8
A systematic review of adult tetanus-diphtheria-acellular (Tdap) coverage among healthcare workers. ( 30630694 )
2019
9
Clinico-epidemiological profile and predictors of outcome in children with diphtheria: a study from northern India. ( 30636517 )
2019
10
Neighbourhood influence on the fourth dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination. ( 30639802 )
2019
11
Post-marketing surveillance to assess the safety and tolerability of a combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTaP-IPV) in Korean children. ( 30668217 )
2019
12
Persistence of bactericidal antibodies 4 years after a booster dose of quadrivalent meningococcal diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-D). ( 30670301 )
2019
13
A Phase III Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of GC1107 (Adult Tetanus Diphtheria Vaccine) in Healthy Adults. ( 30686952 )
2019
14
Development and Validation of Magnetic Bead Pentaplex Immunoassay for Simultaneous Quantification of murine serum IgG antibodies to Acellular Pertussis, Diphtheria and Tetanus Antigens used in combination vaccines. ( 30690077 )
2019
15
NGS-based phylogeny of diphtheria-related pathogenicity factors in different Corynebacterium spp. implies species-specific virulence transmission. ( 30709334 )
2019
16
Second-generation IL-2 receptor-targeted diphtheria fusion toxin exhibits antitumor activity and synergy with anti-PD-1 in melanoma. ( 30718426 )
2019
17
Six-month follow up of a randomized clinical trial-phase I study in Indonesian adults and children: Safety and immunogenicity of Salmonella typhi polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid (Vi-DT) conjugate vaccine. ( 30759132 )
2019
18
Detection and virulence potential of a phospholipase D-negative Corynebacterium ulcerans from a concurrent diphtheria and infectious mononucleosis case. ( 30771116 )
2019
19
Immunogenicity and safety of the diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and inactivated poliovirus vaccine when co-administered with the human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in healthy Japanese infants: a phase IV randomized study. ( 30785851 )
2019
20
Determinants of delayed or incomplete diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination in parallel urban and rural birth cohorts of 30,956 infants in Tanzania. ( 30808282 )
2019
21
Completeness and timeliness of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, measles-mumps-rubella, and polio vaccines in young children with chronic health conditions: A systematic review. ( 30814030 )
2019
22
Parasitic infections during pregnancy need not affect infant antibody responses to early vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria, or Haemophilus influenzae type B. ( 30818339 )
2019
23
Quantitative determination of bioactive proteins in diphtheria tetanus acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. ( 30831450 )
2019
24
Real-time analysis of the diphtheria outbreak in forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals in Bangladesh. ( 30857521 )
2019
25
Safety and immunogenicity of tetanus/diphtheria vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases-a prospective multi-centre cohort study. ( 30877773 )
2019
26
Seroepidemiology of diphtheria and pertussis in Chongqing, China: serology-based evidence of Bordetella pertussis infection. ( 29408190 )
2018
27
Myocarditis following diphtheria, whole-cell pertussis, and tetanus toxoid vaccination in a young infant. ( 29922028 )
2018
28
A phase I, randomized, controlled, dose-ranging study of investigational acellular pertussis (aP) and reduced tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (TdaP) booster vaccines in adults. ( 29172945 )
2018
29
Safety of repeated doses of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine in adults and adolescents. ( 29862604 )
2018
30
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A165b Restores Normal Glomerular Water Permeability in a Diphtheria-Toxin Mouse Model of Glomerular Injury. ( 29393270 )
2018
31
Effectiveness of Prenatal Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis Vaccination in the Prevention of Infant Pertussis in the U.S. ( 29910115 )
2018
32
The association between tuberculosis and diphtheria. ( 29665871 )
2018
33
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Revaccination With Tetanus-Diphtheria-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) in Adults 10 Years After a Previous Dose. ( 29438562 )
2018
34
A quality improvement initiative to increase Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) vaccination coverage among direct health care providers at a children's hospital. ( 29217370 )
2018
35
Pharmacists' Attitudes and Practices Regarding Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination in Pregnancy and Surrounding Newborns. ( 29693570 )
2018
36
GM-CSF improves the immune response to the diphtheria-component in a multivalent vaccine. ( 29961602 )
2018
37
Carrier study and treatment of close contacts: A must for diphtheria eradication. ( 29735850 )
2018
38
A genetically inactivated two-component acellular pertussis vaccine, alone or combined with tetanus and reduced-dose diphtheria vaccines, in adolescents: a phase 2/3, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. ( 29066131 )
2018
39
Immunogenicity of diphtheria toxoid and poly(I:C) loaded cationic liposomes after hollow microneedle-mediated intradermal injection in mice. ( 29870743 )
2018
40
Optimal route of diphtheria toxin administration to eliminate native nephron progenitor cells inA vivo for kidney regeneration. ( 29408475 )
2018
41
Diphtheria in Children in Northern Haiti. ( 29688558 )
2018
42
NMR study of mutations of glycine-52 of the catalytic domain of diphtheria toxin. ( 29216588 )
2018
43
Pneumococcal Immune Response in Infants Whose Mothers Received Tetanus, Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy: ERRATUM. ( 29652740 )
2018
44
Patient attitudes toward influenza and tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccination in pregnancy. ( 29907484 )
2018
45
Development of nanoparticle adjuvants to potentiate the immune response against diphtheria toxoid. ( 29171990 )
2018
46
Treatment of MCPT8<sup>DTR</sup>mice with high- or low-dose diphtheria toxin leads to differential depletion of basophils and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. ( 29315532 )
2018
47
Cutaneous Diphtheria Mimicking Pyoderma Gangrenosum. ( 29282460 )
2018
48
Diphtheria Outbreak in Amerindian Communities, Wonken, Venezuela, 2016-2017. ( 29912686 )
2018
49
Relationship between patient copayments in Medicare Part D and vaccination claim status for herpes zoster and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis. ( 29231748 )
2018
50
Immunization of preterms with hexavalent combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine: The position of the Italian Pediatric Society. ( 29880242 )
2018
Sources

Variations for Diphtheria

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Expression for Diphtheria

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Diphtheria.
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Pathways for Diphtheria

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Pathways related to Diphtheria according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 27)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Developmental Biology 67
Show member pathways
 13.38 CSF2 FURIN HBEGF IL2 IL2RA IL3
2
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system 67
Show member pathways
 13.25 CSF2 HBEGF IL13 IL2 IL2RA IL3
3
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ 67
Show member pathways
 13.19 ALB CD9 CSF2 IL2 IL2RA IL3
4
PAK Pathway 65
Show member pathways
 13.12 CSF2 HBEGF IL13 IL2 IL2RA IL3
5
p70S6K Signaling 65
Show member pathways
 12.94 EEF2 HBEGF IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
6
Pathways in cancer 38
12.68 IL13 IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA TXNRD1
7
JAK-STAT signaling pathway (KEGG) 66
Show member pathways
 12.21 CSF2 IL13 IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
8
Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 12.14 HBEGF IL13 IL2 IL2RA IL3
9
G beta-gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma 67
Show member pathways
 11.99 CSF2 IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
10
Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 11.96 IL13 IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
11
MAPK Pathway 73
Show member pathways
 11.9 IL13 IL2 IL2RA
12
Immune response IL-2 activation and signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 11.85 IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
13
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers 66
11.78 CSF2 IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
14
Jak-Stat Signaling Pathway (sino) 68
11.76 IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
15
Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network 1
11.71 CSF2 IL13 IL2
16
Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways 66
11.69 IL13 IL2 IL2RA
17
Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway 66
11.65 CSF2 IL2 IL3RA
18
Hematopoietic cell lineage 38
11.64 CD9 CSF2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
19
Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Polarization 66
11.63 CSF2 IL13 IL2
20
Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes 1
Show member pathways
 11.61 CSF2 IL2 IL2RA IL3
21
Th2 Differentiation Pathway 66
11.4 IL13 IL2 IL2RA
22
Uptake and actions of bacterial toxins 67
Show member pathways
 11.25 CD9 EEF2 FURIN HBEGF TXNRD1
23
Gamma carboxylation, hypusine formation and arylsulfatase activation 67
Show member pathways
 11.13 DPH1 DPH2 DPH3 DPH7 EEF2 FURIN
24
IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4 1
11.12 IL13 IL2 IL2RA
25
G-protein signaling_RhoB regulation pathway 23
11.11 CSF2 IL13 IL2 IL3
26
OX40 Pathway 65
11.05 IL13 IL2
27
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response 1
10.92 CSF2 IL13 IL2 IL3
Sources

GO Terms for Diphtheria

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Cellular components related to Diphtheria according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.56 ALB CSF2 EEF2 FURIN HBEGF IL13
2 external side of plasma membrane GO:0009897 9.46 CD9 IL13 IL2RA IL3RA
3 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.23 ALB CD9 CSF2 FURIN HBEGF IL13

Biological processes related to Diphtheria according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 14)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 immune response GO:0006955 9.85 CSF2 IL13 IL2 IL2RA IL3
2 cell proliferation GO:0008283 9.84 DPH1 FURIN IL2RA TXNRD1
3 regulation of signaling receptor activity GO:0010469 9.83 CSF2 HBEGF IL13 IL2 IL3
4 response to ethanol GO:0045471 9.69 EEF2 IL13 IL2
5 peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0018108 9.67 CSF2 HBEGF IL3 IL3RA
6 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 9.63 CSF2 IL13 IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
7 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein GO:0042531 9.56 CSF2 IL13 IL2 IL3
8 positive regulation of T cell differentiation GO:0045582 9.52 IL2 IL2RA
9 regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation GO:0045589 9.49 IL2 IL2RA
10 interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway GO:0038110 9.48 IL2 IL2RA
11 MAPK cascade GO:0000165 9.43 CSF2 HBEGF IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
12 negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation GO:0050672 9.4 IL2 IL2RA
13 regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation GO:0046013 9.32 IL2 IL2RA
14 peptidyl-diphthamide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-histidine GO:0017183 8.92 DPH1 DPH2 DPH3 DPH7

Molecular functions related to Diphtheria according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cytokine activity GO:0005125 9.56 CSF2 IL13 IL2 IL3
2 growth factor activity GO:0008083 9.46 CSF2 HBEGF IL2 IL3
3 protein tyrosine kinase activity GO:0004713 9.26 CSF2 HBEGF IL3 IL3RA
4 Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity GO:0005088 9.1 CSF2 HBEGF IL2 IL2RA IL3 IL3RA
Sources

Sources for Diphtheria

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
20 FMA
29 GO
30 GTR
31 HGMD
32 HMDB
33 HPO
34 ICD10
35 ICD10 via Orphanet
36 ICD9CM
37 IUPHAR
38 KEGG
39 LifeMap
41 LOVD
43 MedGen
45 MeSH
46 MESH via Orphanet
47 MGI
50 NCI
51 NCIt
52 NDF-RT
55 NINDS
56 Novoseek
58 OMIM
59 OMIM via Orphanet
63 PubMed
65 QIAGEN
70 SNOMED-CT via HPO
71 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
72 TGDB
73 Tocris
74 UMLS
75 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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