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MCID: DRG003
MIFTS: 50

Drug Dependence

Categories: Mental diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Drug Dependence

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Drug Dependence:

Name: Drug Dependence 12 55 15 73

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:9974
ICD9CM 35 304.6 304.60
Sources

Summaries for Drug Dependence

About this section
Disease Ontology : 12 A substance dependence that involves the continued use of drugs despite problems related to use of the substance.

MalaCards based summary : Drug Dependence is related to polysubstance abuse and opiate dependence. An important gene associated with Drug Dependence is OPRM1 (Opioid Receptor Mu 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signaling by GPCR and Circadian entrainment. The drugs Buprenorphine and Naloxone have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include testes, brain and cortex, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and homeostasis/metabolism

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Related Diseases for Drug Dependence

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Diseases related to Drug Dependence via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 105)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 polysubstance abuse 31.9 CNR1 DRD2 DRD3
2 opiate dependence 31.3 DRD2 DRD3 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRM1 PDYN
3 hallucinogen dependence 31.3 CNR1 PENK
4 cocaine dependence 31.0 CHRNB3 DRD2 DRD3 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRM1
5 substance dependence 30.9 BDNF CNR1 DRD2 DRD3 OPRD1 OPRK1
6 depression 30.2 BDNF CRH SLC6A4
7 personality disorder 29.9 ANKK1 BDNF DRD2 SLC6A4
8 neonatal abstinence syndrome 29.8 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRM1
9 social phobia 29.7 DRD2 SLC6A4
10 antisocial personality disorder 29.6 ANKK1 DRD2 SLC6A4
11 anxiety 29.5 BDNF CNR1 CRH OPRL1 SLC6A4
12 opioid addiction 29.5 DRD2 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRM1
13 opioid abuse 29.4 DRD2 OPRL1 OPRM1 PDYN
14 post-traumatic stress disorder 29.3 BDNF CNR1 CRH DRD2 SLC6A4
15 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 29.2 ANKK1 BDNF DRD2 DRD3 OPRM1 SLC6A4
16 anorexia nervosa 29.2 BDNF CRH POMC SLC6A4
17 withdrawal disorder 29.2 CNR1 CRH OPRM1 PDYN POMC
18 obsessive-compulsive disorder 28.9 BDNF CRH DRD2 DRD3 PDYN SLC6A4
19 tobacco addiction 28.7 ANKK1 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 DRD2 OPRM1 SLC6A4
20 disease of mental health 28.6 BDNF CNR1 CRH DRD2 DRD3 OPRM1
21 alcohol dependence 28.0 ANKK1 BDNF CHRM2 CHRNA6 CNR1 DRD2
22 malaria 10.8
23 cannabis dependence 10.8
24 barbiturate dependence 10.8
25 alcohol-induced mental disorder 10.2 DRD2 SLC6A4
26 atypical depressive disorder 10.2 CRH SLC6A4
27 cyclic vomiting syndrome 10.2 CNR1 OPRM1
28 morphine dependence 10.2 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRM1
29 hypothalamic disease 10.2 CRH POMC
30 delusional disorder 10.2 DRD2 DRD3
31 gangliocytoma 10.2 CRH POMC
32 alexithymia 10.2 ANKK1 DRD2 SLC6A4
33 alcoholic psychosis 10.2 DRD2 SLC6A4
34 pituitary carcinoma 10.2 CRH POMC
35 tardive dyskinesia 10.2 DRD2 DRD3
36 phobic disorder 10.2 OPRK1 SLC6A4
37 uremic pruritus 10.2 CNR1 OPRK1
38 retrograde amnesia 10.2 PDYN POMC SLC6A4
39 acth deficiency, isolated 10.2 CRH POMC
40 early-onset schizophrenia 10.2 BDNF DRD2
41 pathological gambling 10.1 DRD2 DRD3 SLC6A4
42 nelson syndrome 10.1 CRH POMC
43 impulse control disorder 10.1 ANKK1 DRD2 DRD3
44 sheehan syndrome 10.1 CRH POMC
45 migraine without aura 10.1 DRD2 DRD3 SLC6A4
46 hypoadrenalism 10.1 CRH POMC
47 chronic fatigue syndrome 10.1 CRH POMC SLC6A4
48 restless legs syndrome 10.1 DRD2 DRD3 POMC
49 childhood disintegrative disease 10.1 BDNF POMC
50 generalized anxiety disorder 10.1 BDNF DRD2 SLC6A4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Drug Dependence:



Diseases related to Drug Dependence
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Drug Dependence

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Drug Dependence:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.33 BDNF CHRM2 CHRNB3 CNR1 CRH DRD2
2 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.2 ACKR1 BDNF CHRM2 CNR1 CRH DRD2
3 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 10.11 BDNF CHRM2 CNR1 CRH DRD2 DRD3
4 integument MP:0010771 10.07 BDNF CHRM2 CNR1 CRH DRD2 OPRD1
5 adipose tissue MP:0005375 10.02 CNR1 CRH DRD2 DRD3 OPRM1 PDYN
6 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10.01 BDNF CRH DRD2 OPRK1 OPRM1 PENK
7 nervous system MP:0003631 10 BDNF CHRM2 CHRNA6 CNR1 CRH DRD2
8 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 9.98 BDNF CNR1 DRD2 DRD3 OPRK1 OPRM1
9 no phenotypic analysis MP:0003012 9.61 BDNF CNR1 CRH DRD2 OPRD1 OPRM1
10 normal MP:0002873 9.23 BDNF CNR1 CRH DRD2 OPRL1 OPRM1
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Drug Dependence

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Drugs for Drug Dependence (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 423)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Buprenorphine Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 52485-79-7 40400 644073
2
Naloxone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 465-65-6 5284596
3
Guaifenesin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 93-14-1 3516
4
Methadone Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 76-99-3 4095
5
Nicotine Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1 54-11-5 942 89594
6
Dextromethorphan Approved Phase 4,Phase 3 125-71-3 5360696 5362449
7
Methamphetamine Approved, Illicit Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable 537-46-2 10836
8
Dopamine Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1 51-61-6, 62-31-7 681
9
Cocaine Approved, Illicit Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1 50-36-2 5760 446220
10
Ethanol Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1 64-17-5 702
11
Valproic Acid Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Not Applicable 99-66-1 3121
12
Aripiprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3 129722-12-9 60795
13
Propofol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4,Not Applicable 2078-54-8 4943
14
Dexmedetomidine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 113775-47-6 68602 5311068
15
Metformin Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2 657-24-9 14219 4091
16
Thrombin Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1
17
Ritonavir Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1 155213-67-5 392622
18
Famotidine Approved Phase 4 76824-35-6 3325
19
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 2 51-45-6, 75614-87-8 774
20
Dasatinib Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1 302962-49-8 3062316
21
Adefovir Dipivoxil Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3 142340-99-6 60871
22
Entecavir Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2 142217-69-4 153941
23
Lithium carbonate Approved Phase 4 554-13-2
24
Lamivudine Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 1 134678-17-4 60825
25
Emtricitabine Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2 143491-57-0 60877
26
Lamotrigine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 84057-84-1 3878
27
Caffeine Approved Phase 4 58-08-2 2519
28
Omeprazole Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 73590-58-6 4594
29
Abatacept Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1 332348-12-6 10237
30
Midazolam Approved, Illicit Phase 4 59467-70-8 4192
31
Angiotensin II Approved, Investigational Phase 4 11128-99-7, 68521-88-0, 4474-91-3 172198 65143
32
Losartan Approved Phase 4 114798-26-4 3961
33
Oxytocin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable 50-56-6 439302 53477758
34
Naltrexone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable 16590-41-3 5360515
35
Creatine Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 4 57-00-1 586
36
Heroin Illicit, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable 561-27-3 5462328
37
Tenofovir Experimental, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 147127-20-6 464205
38
Adefovir Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3 106941-25-7
39 Narcotic Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
40 Central Nervous System Depressants Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1
41 Analgesics Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
42 Narcotics Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
43 Analgesics, Opioid Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
44 Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1
45 Opiate Alkaloids Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable
46 Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
47 Psychotropic Drugs Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
48 Neurotransmitter Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1
49 Tranquilizing Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
50 Antipsychotic Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 433)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Buprenorphine and Integrated HIV Care Evaluation Unknown status NCT00124358 Phase 4 Buprenorphine
2 Intensive Outpatient Versus Outpatient Treatment With Buprenorphine Among African Americans Completed NCT01096550 Phase 4
3 A Randomized Acceptability and Safety Study of the Transfer From Subutex to Suboxone in Opioid- Dependent Subjects (Study P04843)(COMPLETED) Completed NCT00605033 Phase 4 Suboxone, Buprenorphine Hydrochloride + Naloxone, SCH 484;Subutex, Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, SCH 28444
4 HIV, Buprenorphine, and the Criminal Justice System (STRIDE2) Completed NCT03583138 Phase 4 buprenorphine
5 A Randomized Acceptability and Safety Study of Suboxone Induction in Heroin Users (P05042)(COMPLETED) Completed NCT00604188 Phase 4 Suboxone (SCH 000484);Subutex (SCH 028444)
6 Treatment of Polydrug-Using Opiate Dependents During Withdrawal Completed NCT00367874 Phase 4 Buprenorphine;Valproate
7 Abilify Therapy for Reducing Comorbid Substance Abuse Completed NCT00208169 Phase 4 Aripiprazole
8 Dexmedetomidine Versus Placebo in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Sedation Completed NCT01070680 Phase 4 Precedex;sodium chlorid 0,9%
9 Intervention of HIV, Drug Use and the Criminal Justice System in Malaysia Completed NCT02396979 Phase 4 Methadone
10 Association of Functional COMT Val108/Met Polymorphism With Smoking Cessation in Nicotine Replacement Therapy Completed NCT01980550 Phase 4 sublingual nicotine
11 Integration of Buprenorphine Into HIV Clinical Settings - Primary Care Model (PCM) Completed NCT00798538 Phase 4
12 Buprenorphine and Integrated HIV Care Completed NCT00317460 Phase 4
13 Dexmedetomidine for Sepsis in ICU Randomized Evaluation Trial Completed NCT01760967 Phase 4 Dexmedetomidine
14 Buprenorphine and Methadone for Opioid Dependent Chronic Pain Patients Completed NCT00879996 Phase 4 Methadone;Buprenorphine/naloxone
15 Phase 4: Investigational Study to Evaluate Metformin XR Monotherapy Versus Metformin IR Monotherapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed NCT01864174 Phase 4 Metformin XR;Metformin IR;Placebo matching with Metformin XR;Placebo matching with Metformin IR
16 Phase IV Long-term Maintenance Study of Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Irritability Associated With Autistic Disorder Completed NCT01227668 Phase 4 Aripiprazole;Placebo
17 The Whole Day First Grade Program Completed NCT00257088 Phase 4
18 Immunogenicity and Safety Study of rThrombin in Surgical Hemostasis Completed NCT00813904 Phase 4
19 Safety Sudy of Atazanavir Boosted With Ritonavir in the Treatment of HIV Infection in Pediatric Patients Completed NCT01691794 Phase 4 Atazanavir;Ritonavir
20 Effects of Famotidine on the Pharmacokinetics of Atazanavir When Coadministered to Participants With HIV Infection Completed NCT01232127 Phase 4 Atazanavir;Atazanavir;Ritonavir;Ritonavir;Tenofovir (TDF);Tenofovir (TDF);Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI);Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI);Famotidine (FAM);Famotidine (FAM)
21 Phase IV, Open-label, Multicenter Study of Dasatinib in Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CP-CML) Patients With Chronic, Low-grade Non-Hematologic Toxicity to Imatinib Completed NCT01660906 Phase 4 Dasatinib
22 Suboptimal Responders to Adefovir Switching to Entecavir Completed NCT00718887 Phase 4 Entecavir;Adefovir/Entecavir
23 A Study of Aripiprazole (Abilify) in Patients With Bipolar Mania Completed NCT00261443 Phase 4 Lithium or Valproate with placebo (PBO);Lithium or Valproate with Aripiprazole
24 A Study in Korea of Entecavir Versus Lamivudine in Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Completed NCT00393484 Phase 4 Entecavir;Lamivudine Placebo;Lamivudine;Entecavir Placebo
25 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Recombinant Thrombin (rThrombin) in Pediatric Participants Completed NCT00859547 Phase 4
26 Atazanavir/Ritonavir, Once Daily + Raltegravir, Twice Daily, Switch Study in HIV-1—Infected Patients Completed NCT01332227 Phase 4 Atazanavir;Ritonavir (heat-stable);Raltegravir;Tenofovir/Emtricitabine
27 A Phase IV Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Aripiprazole in Combination With Lamotrigine in the Long-Term Maintenance Treatment of Patients With Bipolar I Disorder With A Recent Manic or Mixed Episode Completed NCT00277212 Phase 4 Lamotrigine + Aripiprazole;Lamotrigine + Placebo
28 Study of Reyataz in HIV-infected Patients With Lipodystrophy Syndrome Completed NCT00135356 Phase 4 Atazanavir (ATV) + ritonavir (RTV), continuation of backbone 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs);continuation of current HAART (boosted protease inhibitor [PI] combination + 2 NRTIs)
29 Study to Evaluate Effect of Belatacept on Pharmacokinetics of Inje Cocktail in Healthy Volunteers Completed NCT01766050 Phase 4 Caffeine;Losartan;Omeprazole;Dextromethorphan;Midazolam
30 Induction-Maintenance With Atazanavir in HIV Naïve Patients (The INDUMA Study) Completed NCT00207142 Phase 4 Atazanavir + 2 NRTIs;Atazanavir + Ritonavir + 2 NRTIs
31 A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial of Creatine in Female Methamphetamine Users Recruiting NCT02192931 Phase 4 Creatine monohydrate
32 Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Cigarette Smoking Recruiting NCT02595749 Phase 4 Oxytocin;Placebo
33 Extended Release Naltrexone for Opioid-Dependent Youth Active, not recruiting NCT01843023 Phase 4 Extended Release Naltrexone;Buprenorphine
34 Oxytocin and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Drug Dependence Terminated NCT00975416 Phase 4 Intranasal Oxytocin;Placebo
35 Long-Acting Injectable Naltrexone Treatment of Alcohol Dependence in Primary Care vs. in Specialized Chemical Dependence Treatment: A Pilot Trial Terminated NCT00461890 Phase 4 Injectable Naltrexone
36 Anxiety in Recovering Opiate Dependence Terminated NCT00668265 Phase 4 Quetiapine
37 Buprenorphine as a Treatment in Opiate Dependent Pain Patients Terminated NCT00552578 Phase 4 buprenorphine/naloxone;buprenorphine/naloxone
38 Comparison of Buprenorphine/Naloxone With Naltrexone in Opioid Dependent Adolescents Withdrawn NCT01015066 Phase 4 Buprenorphine/naloxone;Naltrexone
39 Comparing Acute and Continuous Drug Abuse Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial Unknown status NCT01003496 Phase 3
40 A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Forsteo (Teriparatide, 1-34-rh-PTH) in Anorexia Nervosa Patients With Low Bone Mineral Density and Increased Bone Fagility (FAN-Trial) Unknown status NCT01801397 Phase 3 osteoanabolic therapy
41 Combined Therapy of Methadone and Dextromethrophan Unknown status NCT01189097 Phase 3 Dextromethorphan;Dextromethorphan
42 Job-Seekers Training for Patients With Drug Dependence - 1 Completed NCT00102362 Phase 3
43 Cocaine/Crack and Reduction of Compulsion With Biperiden Completed NCT01251393 Phase 3 Biperiden;Placebo
44 Making Alcoholics Anonymous Easier Completed NCT01382316 Phase 3
45 Prometa Pharmacotherapy for Methamphetamine Dependence Completed NCT00260481 Phase 2, Phase 3 Prometa;Placebo
46 The Role of Sleep in the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorders Completed NCT01685073 Phase 2, Phase 3 Zolpidem extended-release
47 Recovery Housing For Drug Dependent Pregnant Women Completed NCT00497302 Phase 2, Phase 3
48 Treating the Partners of Drug Using Pregnant Women: Stage II Completed NCT00496990 Phase 2, Phase 3
49 Addiction Health Evaluation And Disease Management (AHEAD) Study Completed NCT00278447 Phase 3
50 Assessing Screening Plus Brief Intervention's Resulting Efficacy (ASPIRE) to Stop Drug Use Completed NCT00876941 Phase 3

Search NIH Clinical Center for Drug Dependence

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Genetic Tests for Drug Dependence

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Anatomical Context for Drug Dependence

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Drug Dependence:

41
Testes, Brain, Cortex, Bone, Pituitary, Prostate, Adrenal Gland
Sources

Publications for Drug Dependence

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Articles related to Drug Dependence:

(show top 50) (show all 863)
# Title Authors Year
1
A Case of Drug Dependence Syndrome to Baclofen Following High-Dose Therapy. ( 29621092 )
2018
2
The Role of Aging, Drug Dependence, and Hepatitis C Comorbidity in Alcoholism Cortical Compromise. ( 29541774 )
2018
3
Measuring drug dependence in police custody: An item response theory and differential item function analysis of UNCOPE in Australia. ( 30159934 )
2018
4
Drug dependence in patients with chronic pain: A retrospective study. ( 30290690 )
2018
5
Feelings of families regarding drug dependence: in the light of comprehensive sociology. ( 30365794 )
2018
6
Risk and protective factors for drug dependence in two Moroccan high-risk male populations. ( 30425901 )
2018
7
Predictors of Inpatient Treatment Completion among Females with Opioid Use Disorder: Findings from a Tertiary Care Drug Dependence Treatment Centre of India. ( 28852241 )
2017
8
Association of the PLCB1 gene with drug dependence. ( 28860459 )
2017
9
Hospitalizations for Endocarditis and Associated Health Care Costs Among Persons with Diagnosed Drug Dependence - North Carolina, 2010-2015. ( 28594786 )
2017
10
Identifying Life-Threatening Admissions for Drug Dependence or Abuse (ILIADDA): Derivation and Validation of a Model. ( 28290530 )
2017
11
Comparisons of Alcohol and Drug Dependence in Terms of Attachments and Clinical Issues. ( 28742416 )
2017
12
Patients with Infectious Endocarditis and Drug Dependence Have Worse Clinical Outcomes after Valvular Surgery. ( 28099093 )
2017
13
Association between severity of illicit drug dependence and quality of life in a psychosocial care center in BRAZIL: cross-sectional study. ( 29149893 )
2017
14
Prescribed drug dependence services for long-term BZD use: treating the problem while ignoring its causes. ( 29074682 )
2017
15
Pharmacovigilance in drugs used in the treatment of drug dependence. ( 29085108 )
2017
16
The relationship between fear extinction and resilience to drug-dependence in rats. ( 28322983 )
2017
17
Acute pain management in patients with drug dependence syndrome. ( 29392226 )
2017
18
Effects of Ayahuasca and its Alkaloids on Drug Dependence: A Systematic Literature Review of Quantitative Studies in Animals and Humans. ( 27230395 )
2016
19
Evidence of Shared Genome-Wide Additive Genetic Effects on Interpersonal Trauma Exposure and Generalized Vulnerability to Drug Dependence in a Population of Substance Users. ( 27214850 )
2016
20
Profile of female patients seeking in-patient treatment for prescription opioid abuse from a tertiary care drug dependence treatment centre from India. ( 26997020 )
2016
21
Barriers to community-based drug dependence treatment: implications for police roles, collaborations and performance indicators. ( 27435714 )
2016
22
Abstinence From Drug Dependence After Bilateral Globus Pallidus Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. ( 27311800 )
2016
23
Three Types of Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Alcohol and Drug Dependence Among Adults: An Investigation Using Population-Based Data. ( 27326749 )
2016
24
Estimated probability of becoming a case of drug dependence in relation to duration of drug-taking experience: a functional analysis approach. ( 27356948 )
2016
25
Synthetic cannabinoids to avoid urine drug screens: Implications for contingency management and other treatments for drug dependence. ( 27424166 )
2016
26
Barriers in Access to the Treatment for People with Gambling Disorders. Are They Different from Those Experienced by People with Alcohol and/or Drug Dependence? ( 27832520 )
2016
27
Ibogaine for treating drug dependence. What is a safe dose? ( 27426011 )
2016
28
Illicit Drug Dependence ( 27227249 )
2016
29
A Retrospective Chart Review of Treatment Completers Versus Noncompleters Among In-patients at a Tertiary Care Drug Dependence Treatment Centre in India. ( 27570339 )
2016
30
Drug Dependence Treatment Awareness among Japanese Female Stimulant Drug Offenders. ( 27845738 )
2016
31
Mortality and illicit drug dependence among hemodialysis patients in the United States: a retrospective cohort analysis. ( 27278934 )
2016
32
Stressful Events and Other Predictors of Remission from Drug Dependence in the United States: Longitudinal Results from a National Survey. ( 27776676 )
2016
33
Tryptophan for the sleeping disorder and mental symptom of new-type drug dependence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( 27428201 )
2016
34
Severe Psychosis, Drug Dependence, and Hepatitis C Related to Slamming Mephedrone. ( 27247820 )
2016
35
Evidence for Association Between Low Frequency Variants in CHRNA6/CHRNB3 and Antisocial Drug Dependence. ( 27085880 )
2016
36
Psychosocial functioning, quality of life and clinical correlates of comorbid alcohol and drug dependence syndromes in people with schizophrenia across Europe. ( 27046394 )
2016
37
Patterns of drug dependence in a Queensland (Australia) sample of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people who inject drugs. ( 27241554 )
2016
38
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence ( 29144065 )
2016
39
The potential of e-Health for treatment and prevention for drug dependence process of development and revision of web-based relapse prevention program "e-SMARPP". ( 30461246 )
2016
40
The Two Faces of Social Interaction Reward in Animal Models of Drug Dependence. ( 26088685 )
2015
41
[Role of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in the development of drug dependence--Participation of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors]. ( 26255430 )
2015
42
Testing for drugs in exhaled breath collected with ExaBreathAr in a drug dependence population: comparison with data obtained in urine after LC-MS/MS analyses. ( 26222873 )
2015
43
Patterns of Methylphenidate Use and Assessment of Its Abuse among the General Population and Individuals with Drug Dependence. ( 26491869 )
2015
44
Stress and Drug Dependence Differentially Modulate Norepinephrine Signaling in Animals with Varied HPA Axis Function. ( 25601230 )
2015
45
Association between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and common illicit drug dependence: evidence from a meta-analysis. ( 25500252 )
2015
46
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Thirty-sixth report. ( 26062388 )
2015
47
Examining the role of common genetic variants on alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and illicit drug dependence: genetics of vulnerability to drug dependence. ( 25424661 )
2015
48
Salutogenesis: Contextualising place and space in the policies and politics of recovery from drug dependence (UK). ( 26616849 )
2015
49
Negative mood reverses devaluation of goal-directed drug-seeking favouring an incentive learning account of drug dependence. ( 26041336 )
2015
50
Facilitating a transition from compulsory detention of people who use drugs towards voluntary community-based drug dependence treatment and support services in Asia. ( 26470779 )
2015
Sources

Variations for Drug Dependence

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Expression for Drug Dependence

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Drug Dependence.
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Pathways for Drug Dependence

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Pathways related to Drug Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Signaling by GPCR 66
Show member pathways
 13.77 ACKR1 CHRM2 CNR1 CRH DRD2 DRD3
2
Circadian entrainment 37
Show member pathways
 12.78 CHRM2 CHRNA6 DRD2 DRD3 OPRM1
3
Peptide ligand-binding receptors 66
Show member pathways
 12.77 ACKR1 CHRM2 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 CNR1 CRH
4
G-Beta Gamma Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 12.76 BDNF CNR1 CRH DRD2 POMC
5
Amphetamine addiction 37
Show member pathways
 11.7 BDNF DRD2 PDYN
6
Monoamine GPCRs 1
Show member pathways
 11.67 CHRM2 DRD2 DRD3
8
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 66
11.64 OPRD1 OPRM1 POMC
9
Nicotine Pathway (Dopaminergic Neuron), Pharmacodynamics 61
Show member pathways
 11.55 CHRNA6 DRD2 DRD3
10
GPCRs, Other 1
11.47 ACKR1 CHRM2 CNR1 DRD3
11
DARPP-32 Phosphorylation 65
10.82 DRD2 DRD3
12
Glucocorticoid Pathway (HPA Axis), Pharmacodynamics 61
10.17 CRH POMC
Sources

GO Terms for Drug Dependence

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Cellular components related to Drug Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 18)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 neuronal cell body GO:0043025 9.91 CHRM2 CRH OPRK1 PDYN PENK
2 dendrite GO:0030425 9.91 BDNF CHRM2 DRD2 OPRK1 OPRM1 PDYN
3 axon GO:0030424 9.89 BDNF CNR1 DRD2 OPRM1 PENK
4 glutamatergic synapse GO:0098978 9.88 CHRM2 CNR1 DRD2 DRD3
5 postsynaptic membrane GO:0045211 9.85 CHRM2 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 OPRD1
6 membrane raft GO:0045121 9.84 CNR1 OPRD1 OPRM1 SLC6A4
7 perikaryon GO:0043204 9.8 CRH DRD2 OPRK1 OPRM1 PENK
8 GABA-ergic synapse GO:0098982 9.7 CNR1 DRD2 DRD3
9 axon terminus GO:0043679 9.63 CHRM2 DRD2 OPRD1 OPRK1 PDYN PENK
10 acetylcholine-gated channel complex GO:0005892 9.57 CHRNA6 CHRNB3
11 dopaminergic synapse GO:0098691 9.56 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 DRD2 DRD3
12 symmetric synapse GO:0032280 9.48 CHRM2 PENK
13 spine apparatus GO:0097444 9.46 OPRD1 OPRM1
14 integral component of postsynaptic membrane GO:0099055 9.43 CHRM2 CHRNA6 DRD2 OPRK1 OPRM1 SLC6A4
15 integral component of presynaptic membrane GO:0099056 9.23 CHRM2 CHRNA6 CNR1 DRD2 OPRD1 OPRK1
16 integral component of membrane GO:0016021 10.34 ACKR1 CHRM2 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 CNR1 DRD2
17 plasma membrane GO:0005886 10.28 ACKR1 CHRM2 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 CNR1 DRD2
18 integral component of plasma membrane GO:0005887 10.06 CHRM2 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 CNR1 DRD2 DRD3

Biological processes related to Drug Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 57)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 locomotory behavior GO:0007626 9.92 DRD2 DRD3 OPRK1 OPRM1 PENK
2 response to ethanol GO:0045471 9.91 CNR1 CRH DRD2 DRD3 OPRK1 OPRM1
3 response to estradiol GO:0032355 9.89 OPRL1 PENK SLC6A4
4 excitatory postsynaptic potential GO:0060079 9.89 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 DRD2 OPRM1
5 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger GO:0007187 9.88 CHRM2 CNR1 OPRD1 OPRM1
6 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007193 9.88 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
7 sensory perception of pain GO:0019233 9.88 CNR1 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1 PENK
8 response to toxic substance GO:0009636 9.87 DRD2 PENK SLC6A4
9 adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007188 9.87 CHRM2 CNR1 DRD2 DRD3
10 neuropeptide signaling pathway GO:0007218 9.87 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1 PDYN PENK
11 memory GO:0007613 9.86 BDNF CNR1 SLC6A4
12 learning or memory GO:0007611 9.85 CNR1 CRH DRD3
13 regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis GO:2000300 9.85 CHRM2 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 DRD2
14 phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007200 9.84 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRM1
15 regulation of sensory perception of pain GO:0051930 9.84 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
16 response to nicotine GO:0035094 9.83 CHRNA6 CHRNB3 CNR1 DRD2 PENK
17 negative regulation of blood pressure GO:0045776 9.81 CNR1 DRD2 DRD3 OPRL1
18 response to radiation GO:0009314 9.8 OPRK1 OPRM1 PENK
19 eating behavior GO:0042755 9.8 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
20 behavioral response to cocaine GO:0048148 9.79 DRD2 DRD3 OPRK1
21 synaptic transmission, dopaminergic GO:0001963 9.78 CRH DRD2 DRD3
22 estrous cycle GO:0044849 9.77 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
23 sensory perception GO:0007600 9.73 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
24 response to cocaine GO:0042220 9.73 CNR1 CRH DRD2 DRD3 OPRK1 OPRM1
25 adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway GO:0071880 9.72 DRD2 DRD3
26 dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007212 9.72 DRD2 DRD3
27 negative regulation of protein secretion GO:0050709 9.72 DRD2 DRD3
28 regulation of NMDA receptor activity GO:2000310 9.72 CRH OPRM1
29 startle response GO:0001964 9.71 DRD2 PENK
30 dopamine metabolic process GO:0042417 9.71 DRD2 DRD3
31 prepulse inhibition GO:0060134 9.71 DRD2 DRD3
32 opioid receptor signaling pathway GO:0038003 9.71 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
33 locomotory exploration behavior GO:0035641 9.7 CRH PENK
34 positive regulation of renal sodium excretion GO:0035815 9.7 DRD2 DRD3
35 positive regulation of urine volume GO:0035810 9.7 DRD2 OPRL1
36 regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic GO:0032228 9.7 CNR1 DRD2
37 G protein-coupled receptor internalization GO:0002031 9.69 DRD2 DRD3
38 adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007191 9.68 DRD3 OPRM1
39 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007195 9.68 DRD2 DRD3
40 behavior GO:0007610 9.68 OPRK1 OPRL1
41 behavioral response to ethanol GO:0048149 9.68 DRD2 OPRM1
42 negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity GO:1901386 9.67 DRD2 OPRL1
43 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0106072 9.66 OPRL1 OPRM1
44 positive regulation of behavioral fear response GO:2000987 9.66 CRH PENK
45 regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission GO:0051584 9.65 DRD2 DRD3
46 negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0060160 9.65 DRD2 DRD3
47 acid secretion GO:0046717 9.65 DRD2 DRD3
48 negative regulation of dopamine secretion GO:0033602 9.64 CNR1 DRD2
49 negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion GO:0033685 9.64 CRH OPRK1
50 regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior GO:0090325 9.63 DRD2 DRD3

Molecular functions related to Drug Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 13)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 G protein-coupled receptor activity GO:0004930 9.61 ACKR1 CHRM2 CNR1 DRD2 DRD3 OPRD1
2 drug binding GO:0008144 9.56 CHRM2 CNR1 DRD2 DRD3
3 acetylcholine binding GO:0042166 9.52 CHRNA6 CHRNB3
4 acetylcholine-gated cation-selective channel activity GO:0022848 9.51 CHRNA6 CHRNB3
5 adrenergic receptor activity GO:0004935 9.49 DRD2 DRD3
6 acetylcholine receptor activity GO:0015464 9.48 CHRNA6 CHRNB3
7 dopamine binding GO:0035240 9.46 DRD2 DRD3
8 neuropeptide binding GO:0042923 9.46 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
9 dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go GO:0001591 9.43 DRD2 DRD3
10 receptor serine/threonine kinase binding GO:0033612 9.4 OPRD1 OPRK1
11 dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity GO:0004952 9.37 DRD2 DRD3
12 opioid peptide activity GO:0001515 9.32 PDYN PENK
13 opioid receptor activity GO:0004985 8.92 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
Sources

Sources for Drug Dependence

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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