Ectodermal Dysplasia and Immunodeficiency 1 (EDAID1)

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MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immune deficiency (EDA-ID) is a form of ectodermal dysplasia, which is a group of conditions characterized by abnormal development of ectodermal tissues including the skin, hair, teeth, and sweat glands. In addition, immune system function is reduced in people with EDA-ID. The signs and symptoms of EDA-ID are evident soon after birth, and due to the severity of the immune system problems, most people with this condition survive only into childhood.Skin abnormalities in children with EDA-ID include areas that are dry, wrinkled, or darker in color than the surrounding skin. Affected individuals tend to have sparse scalp and body hair (hypotrichosis). EDA-ID is also characterized by missing teeth (hypodontia) or teeth that are small and pointed. Most children with EDA-ID have a reduced ability to sweat (hypohidrosis) because they have fewer sweat glands than normal or their sweat glands do not function properly. An inability to sweat (anhidrosis) can lead to a dangerously high body temperature (hyperthermia), particularly in hot weather and during exercise, because the body cannot cool itself by evaporating sweat.The immune deficiency in EDA-ID varies among individuals with this condition. Children with EDA-ID often produce abnormally low levels of proteins called antibodies or immunoglobulins. Antibodies help protect the body against infection by attaching to specific foreign particles and germs, marking them for destruction. A reduction in antibodies makes it difficult for children with this disorder to fight off infections. In EDA-ID, immune system cells called T cells and B cells have a decreased ability to recognize and respond to foreign invaders (such as bacteria, viruses, and yeast) that have sugar molecules attached to their surface (glycan antigens). Other key aspects of the immune system may also be impaired, leading to recurrent infections.Children with EDA-ID commonly get infections in the lungs (pneumonia), ears (otitis media), sinuses (sinusitis), lymph nodes (lymphadenitis), skin, bones, and gastrointestinal tract. Approximately one quarter of individuals with EDA-ID have disorders involving abnormal inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis.There are two forms of EDA-ID that have similar signs and symptoms and are distinguished by the modes of inheritance: X-linked recessive or autosomal dominant.

MalaCards based summary: Ectodermal Dysplasia and Immunodeficiency 1, also known as ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic, with immune deficiency, is related to immunodeficiency 33 and ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 2. An important gene associated with Ectodermal Dysplasia and Immunodeficiency 1 is IKBKG (Inhibitor Of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Kinase Regulatory Subunit Gamma). Affiliated tissues include skin, b cells and bone, and related phenotypes are frontal bossing and lymphedema

OMIM®: ⁵⁷ Ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency-1 (EDAID1) is an X-linked recessive disorder that characteristically affects only males. Affected individuals have onset of recurrent severe infections due to immunodeficiency in early infancy or in the first years of life. There is increased susceptibility to bacterial, pneumococcal, mycobacterial, and fungal infections. Laboratory studies usually show dysgammaglobulinemia with low IgG subsets and normal or increased IgA and IgM, consistent with impaired 'class-switching' of B cells, although immunologic abnormalities may be subtle compared to the clinical picture, and B- and T-cell numbers are usually normal. There is a poor antibody response to polysaccharide vaccinations, particularly pneumococcus; response to other vaccinations is variable. Patients also have features of ectodermal dysplasia, including conical incisors, hypo/anhidrosis, and thin skin or hair. Severely affected individuals may also show lymphedema, osteopetrosis, and, rarely, hematologic abnormalities. The phenotype is highly variable, likely due to different hypomorphic mutations, and may be fatal in childhood. Intravenous immunoglobulins and prophylactic antibiotics are used as treatment; some patients may benefit from bone marrow transplantation. Although only males tend to be affected with immunodeficiency, many patients inherit a mutation from a mother who has mild features of IP or conical teeth (summary by Doffinger et al., 2001, Orange et al., 2004, Roberts et al., 2010, Heller et al., 2020). (300291) (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ⁷³ A form of ectoderma dysplasia, a heterogeneous group of disorders due to abnormal development of two or more ectodermal structures. EDAID1 is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by absence of sweat glands, sparse scalp hair, rare conical teeth and immunological abnormalities resulting in severe infectious diseases. Severely affected individuals may also show lymphedema, osteopetrosis, and, rarely, hematologic abnormalities. The phenotype is highly variable, and may be fatal in childhood.

GARD: ¹⁹ A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by signs of ectodermal dysplasia (sparse hair, abnormal or missing teeth, decrease or absent sudation), typical facial features (protruding forehead, wrinkles under the eyes, characteristic periorbital hyperpigmentation), and immunodeficiency.

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ An ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency that is characterized by onset of recurrent severe infections due to immunodeficiency in early infancy or in the first years of life and that has material basis in hemizygous mutation in the IKK-gamma gene (IKBKG) on chromosome Xq28.

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ This syndrome is characterized by severe immunodeficiency, osteopetrosis, lymphedema and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Hypohidrotic/anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immune deficiency is a rare genetic condition... more...

Clinical features from OMIM®:

Search Clinical Trials, NIH Clinical Center for Ectodermal Dysplasia and Immunodeficiency 1