Ectopic Cushing Syndrome disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: ECT093 MIFTS: 45	Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Categories: Endocrine diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Rare diseases, Reproductive diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

MalaCards integrated aliases for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

Name: Ectopic Cushing Syndrome ¹² ⁵⁸ ¹⁵

Cushing Syndrome Due to Ectopic Acth Secretion ¹² ⁵⁸

Ectopic Acth Secreting Tumor ¹² ⁵⁸

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Secretion Syndrome ⁵⁸

Paraneoplastic Cushing Syndrome ⁵⁸

Occult Ectopic Acth Secretion ⁵⁸

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases Reproductive diseases Endocrine diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³² ³³

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

Disorders of other endocrine glands

Cushing syndrome

Ectopic ACTH syndrome

Orphanet: ⁵⁸

Rare gastroenterological diseases

Rare infertility disorders

Rare endocrine diseases

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:0060890

ICD10 ³² E24.3

ICD10 via Orphanet ³³ E24.3

Orphanet ⁵⁸ ORPHA99889

Sources

Summaries for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Disease Ontology : ¹² A primary hyperaldosteronism that is characterized by a tumor outside the pituitary gland produces a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone.

MalaCards based summary : Ectopic Cushing Syndrome, also known as cushing syndrome due to ectopic acth secretion, is related to hypokalemia and bronchial adenomas/carcinoids childhood. An important gene associated with Ectopic Cushing Syndrome is SST (Somatostatin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and G alpha (s) signalling events. The drugs Iron and Edetic Acid have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pituitary, thyroid and lung, and related phenotypes are muscle weakness and hypokalemia

Sources

Related Diseases for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Diseases related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 228)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hypokalemia	30.5	POMC NR3C1 CRH
2	bronchial adenomas/carcinoids childhood	30.4	SST POMC
3	zollinger-ellison syndrome	30.3	SST CHGA
4	neuroendocrine tumor	30.2	SST POMC CHGA CALCA
5	gastrinoma	30.2	SST POMC CHGA
6	islet cell tumor	30.2	SST CHGA CALCA
7	pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor	30.2	SST CHGA
8	pancreatoblastoma	30.1	SST CHGA
9	carcinoid syndrome	30.0	SST CHGA CALCA
10	neuroendocrine carcinoma	29.9	SST CHGA CALCA
11	adrenal cortical adenoma	29.9	POMC CHGA
12	diarrhea	29.8	SST POMC CALCA
13	thyroid gland medullary carcinoma	29.7	SST POMC CHGA CALCA
14	thyroid carcinoma, familial medullary	29.7	SST POMC CHGA CALCA
15	small cell cancer of the lung	29.7	SST POMC CHGA CALCA
16	multiple endocrine neoplasia	29.7	SST POMC CHGA CALCA
17	multiple endocrine neoplasia, type i	29.3	SST PRL POMC CHGA
18	conn's syndrome	29.2	SST PRL POMC NR3C1 CRH CHGA
19	pituitary adenoma	29.0	SST PRL POMC CRH CHGA
20	adenoma	29.0	SST PRL POMC CRH CHGA
21	nelson syndrome	29.0	SST PRL POMC NR3C1 CRH
22	pheochromocytoma	28.5	SST PRL POMC CRH CHGA CALCA
23	dowling-degos disease 1	10.3
24	chiasmal syndrome	10.3	SST POMC
25	functionless pituitary adenoma	10.3	SST POMC
26	thymic carcinoma	10.3
27	teratoma	10.3
28	sacrococcygeal teratoma	10.3
29	hyperpigmentation of the skin	10.3
30	thyroid carcinoma	10.2
31	somatization disorder	10.2	POMC CRH
32	fasting hypoglycemia	10.2	POMC CRH
33	adjustment disorder	10.2	POMC CRH
34	lymphocytic hypophysitis	10.2	TBX19 POMC
35	inappropriate adh syndrome	10.2	POMC CRH
36	dysthymic disorder	10.2	POMC CRH
37	gastrointestinal neuroendocrine benign tumor	10.2	SST CHGA
38	ampulla of vater benign neoplasm	10.2	SST CHGA
39	abnormality of glucagon secretion	10.2	SST NR3C1
40	adrenal cortical hypofunction	10.2	POMC CRH
41	lung cancer	10.2
42	hyperglycemia	10.2
43	paraneoplastic syndromes	10.2
44	withdrawal disorder	10.2	POMC CRH
45	non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor	10.2	SST CHGA
46	duodenal benign neoplasm	10.2	SST CHGA
47	phobic disorder	10.2	POMC CRH
48	olivopontocerebellar atrophy	10.2	SST CRH
49	duodenal gastrinoma	10.2	SST CHGA
50	alzheimer disease 16	10.2	POMC NR3C1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Human phenotypes related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

⁵⁸ ³¹ (show all 30)

#	Description	HPO Frequency	Orphanet Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	muscle weakness ⁵⁸ ³¹	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001324
2	hypokalemia ⁵⁸ ³¹	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0002900
3	fatigue ⁵⁸ ³¹	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0012378
4	skeletal muscle atrophy ⁵⁸ ³¹	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0003202
5	osteoporosis ⁵⁸ ³¹	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000939
6	striae distensae ⁵⁸ ³¹	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001065
7	bruising susceptibility ⁵⁸ ³¹	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000978
8	thin skin ⁵⁸ ³¹	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000963
9	depressivity ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000716
10	diabetes mellitus ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000819
11	immunodeficiency ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002721
12	acne ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0001061
13	anxiety ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000739
14	nephrolithiasis ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000787
15	recurrent fractures ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002757
16	generalized hirsutism ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002230
17	pheochromocytoma ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002666
18	round face ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000311
19	infertility ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000789
20	truncal obesity ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0001956
21	thyroid carcinoma ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002890
22	thymoma ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0100522
23	menometrorrhagia ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0400008
24	small cell lung carcinoma ⁵⁸ ³¹	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0030357
25	hypertensive crisis ⁵⁸ ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0100735
26	weight loss ⁵⁸ ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001824
27	generalized hyperpigmentation ⁵⁸ ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0007440
28	diarrhea ⁵⁸ ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002014
29	hypertension ⁵⁸		Frequent (79-30%)
30	neuroendocrine neoplasm ⁵⁸		Frequent (79-30%)

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	9.92	CHGA CRH NR3C1 POMC PRL SSR2
2	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	9.91	CHGA CRH NR3C1 POMC PRL SSR2
3	integument	MP:0010771	9.73	CRH NR3C1 POMC PRL SSR2 TBX19
4	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.56	CHGA CRH NR3C1 POMC PRL SSR2
5	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	9.55	CRH NR3C1 POMC PRL SSR2
6	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	9.02	CHGA CRH NR3C1 POMC SST

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Drugs for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 17)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Iron

Approved

Phase 2

7439-89-6

23925 29936

Synonyms:

02583_FLUKA

12310_ALDRICH

12310_RIEDEL

129048-51-7

14067-02-8

161135-39-3

190454-13-8

195161-83-2

199281-22-6

209309_ALDRICH

209309_SIAL

255637_ALDRICH

266213_ALDRICH

266256_ALDRICH

267945_ALDRICH

267953_ALDRICH

26Fe

338141_ALDRICH

356808_ALDRICH

356824_ALDRICH

356832_ALDRICH

39344-71-3

3ZhP

413054_ALDRICH

443783-52-6

44890_ALDRICH

44890_FLUKA

675141-17-0

70884-35-4

73135-38-3

7439-89-6

8011-79-8

8053-60-9

AC1L2N38

Ancor B

Ancor en 80/150

Armco iron

Atomel 28

Atomel 300M200

Atomel 500M

Atomel 95

Atomiron 44MR

Atomiron 5M

Atomiron AFP 25

Atomiron AFP 5

ATW 230

ATW 432

C00023

C3518_SIAL

C3518_SIGMA

Carbonyl iron

CCRIS 1580

CHEBI:18248

CID23925

Copy Powder CS 105-175

D007501

DB01592

Diseases (animal), iron overload

Diseases, iron overload

DSP 1000

DSP 128B

DSP 135

DSP 135C

DSP 138

Ed-In-Sol

EF 1000

EF 250

EFV 200/300

EFV 250

EFV 250/400

EINECS 231-096-4

Eisen

Electrolytic iron

F 60 (metal)

FE (III) ion

Fe(3+)

Fe(III)

Fe1+

Fe-40

fer

Feronate

Ferretts

Ferric ion

Ferric iron

Ferro-Caps

Ferro-Time

ferrous iron

Ferrousal

Ferrovac E

Ferrum

Ferrum metallicum

FT 3 (element)

GS 6

Hemocyte

HF 2 (element)

hierro

Hierro

HL (iron)

Hoeganaes ATW 230

Hoeganaes EH

HQ (metal)

HS (iron)

HS 4849

HSDB 604

IRMM524A_FLUKA

IRMM524B_FLUKA

IRON

Iron (Fe)

Iron (Fe1+)

Iron ion (Fe+)

Iron ion(1+)

Iron monocation

Iron powder

Iron standard for AAS

Iron(1+)

Iron(1+) ion

Iron(3+)

Iron(III) nitrate solution

Iron, carbonyl

Iron, electrolytic

Iron, elemental

Iron, ion (fe(3+))

Iron, ion (Fe1+)

Iron, ion (Fe1+) (8CI,9CI)

Iron, reduced

LOHA

LS-3196

MolPort-003-925-001

NC 100

PZh1M1

PZh-1M3

PZh-2

PZh2M

PZh2M1

PZh2M2

PZh3

PZh3M

PZh4M

PZhO

Reduced iron

Remko

Siderol

SUY-B 2

UNII-E1UOL152H7

Vitedyn-Slo

Yieronia

Edetic Acid

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 2

60-00-4, 62-33-9

6049

Synonyms:

(Ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetate, ion(4-)

(ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid, ion(4−)

(Ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid, ion(4-)

{[-(bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino}-acetate

{[-(bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino}-acetic acid

{[-(bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino}-acetIC ACID

2,2',2'',2'''-(ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetate

2,2',2'',2'''-(ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid

Acid, edetic

Acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic

Acid, ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic

Acide edetique

Acide ethylenediaminetetracetique

Acido edetico

Acidum edeticum

CaEDTA

Calcitetracemate, disodium

Calcium disodium edetate

Calcium disodium versenate

Calcium tetacine

Chelaton 3

Chromium edta

Copper edta

Coprin

Dicobalt edta

Dinitrilotetraacetate, disodium ethylene

Dinitrilotetraacetate, ethylene

Disodium calcitetracemate

Disodium edta

Disodium ethylene dinitrilotetraacetate

Disodium versenate, calcium

Distannous edta

Edathamil

Edetate

Edetate calcium

Edetate calcium disodium

Edetate disodium calcium

Edetate, calcium disodium

Edetates

Edetic acid

Edetic acid, calcium salt

Edetic acid, calcium, sodium salt

Edetic acid, chromium salt

Edetic acid, dipotassium salt

Edetic acid, disodium salt

Edetic acid, disodium salt, dihydrate

Edetic acid, disodium, magnesium salt

Edetic acid, disodium, monopotassium salt

Edetic acid, magnesium salt

Edetic acid, monopotassium salt

Edetic acid, monosodium salt

Edetic acid, potassium salt

Edetic acid, sodium salt

EDT

EDTA

EDTA, chromium

EDTA, copper

EDTA, dicobalt

EDTA, disodium

EDTA, distannous

EDTA, gallium

EDTA, ion(4-)

EDTA, magnesium disodium

EDTA, potassium

EDTA, stannous

Ethylene dinitrilotetraacetate

Ethylene dinitrilotetraacetate, disodium

Ethylenediaminetetraacetate

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid

Gallium edta

H4EDta

Magnesium disodium edta

N,N'-1,2-ethane diylbis-(N-(carboxymethyl)glycine)

N,N'-1,2-Ethane diylbis-(N-(carboxymethyl)glycine)

N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis(N-(carboxymethyl)glycine)

Potassium edta

Stannous edta

Tetacine, calcium

Tetracemate

Versenate

Versenate, calcium disodium

Versene

Versene acid

Somatostatin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

51110-01-1, 38916-34-6

53481605

Synonyms:

(5S,8R,14R,17R,20R,23R,26R,29R,32R,35R)-38-[(2-{[(2R)-2-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-20,35-bis(4-aminobutyl)-14,26,29-tribenzyl-7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37-undecahydroxy-32-[(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)methyl]-11-(1-hydroxyethyl)-17-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-23-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]-1,2-dithia-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaazacyclononatriaconta-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaene-5-carboxylate

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (ghih)

Somatostatin

Somatostatina

Somatostatine

Somatostatinum

Somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (srif)

Somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone

Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone

Synthetic somatostatin-14

Pentetic acid

Approved

Phase 2

67-43-6

Levodopa

Approved

Phase 2

59-92-7

6047

Synonyms:

(-)-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

(−)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine

(-)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine

(−)-dopa

(-)-Dopa

(2S)-2-Amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate

(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

(2S)-2-Amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

.Beta.-(3, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

.Beta.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine

1E83F927-C221-46AA-B90A-81B33C5F3868

23734-74-9

25525-15-9

2-Amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

3 Hydroxy L tyrosine

3-(3,4-Dihydroxypheny

3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine

3, 4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine

3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine

3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine

3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (VAN)

3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine

34241-25-3

37830_FLUKA

3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine

587-45-1

59-92-7

72572-99-7

72573-00-3

88250-23-1

90638-38-3

AC-11686

AC1L1LOR

AC1Q4U7F

b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-a-L-alanine

b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine

Bendopa

beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-alpha-alanine

beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-alpha-L-alanine

beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine

BIDD:GT0158

Bio-0575

Biodopa

bmse000322

BPBio1_000059

Brocadopa

BSPBio_000053

BSPBio_002354

C00355

C9H11NO4

CAS-59-92-7

CCRIS 3766

Cerepap

CHEBI:15765

CHEMBL1009

CID6047

Cidandopa

component of Sinemet

D 9628

D00059

D0600

D9628

D9628_SIGMA

DAH

DB01235

Deadopa

Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine

Dihydroxyphenylalanine

DivK1c_000452

Dopa

DOPA

Dopaflex

Dopaidan

Dopal

Dopal-fher

Dopal-Fher

Dopalina

Dopar

Dopar (TN)

Doparkine

Doparl

Dopasol

Dopaston

Dopaston SE

Dopastone

Dopastral

Dopicar

Doprin

EINECS 200-445-2

Eldopal

Eldopar

Eldopatec

EU-0100454

Eurodopa

Helfo DOPA

Helfo-dopa

Helfo-Dopa

HMS1568C15

HMS1922J14

HMS2090O08

HMS2093N04

HMS501G14

HSDB 3348

IDI1_000452

InChI=1/C9H11NO4/c10-6(9(13)14)3-5-1-2-7(11)8(12)4-5/h1-2,4,6,11-12H,3,10H2,(H,13,14

Insulamina

IV Levodopa

KBio1_000452

KBio2_000934

KBio2_003502

KBio2_006070

KBioGR_001177

KBioSS_000934

L 3,4 Dihydroxyphenylalanine

L Dopa

L(-)-Dopa

L-(-)-Dopa

L-(3, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-.alpha.-alani

L-(3, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

L-(o-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

l)-L-alanine

L-.Beta.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

L-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

L-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-alanine

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

L-3-Hydroxytyrosine

L-4-5-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

Laradopa

Larodopa

L-b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-a-alanine

L-b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

L-beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

L-beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-alpha-alanine

L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

L-DOPA

L-DOPA, Parcopa, Atamet, Stalevo, Madopar, Prolopa, Dopar, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine, Levodopa

Ledopa

Levedopa

Levodopa

Levodopa (JP15/USP)

Levodopa (JP15/USP/INN)

Levodopa [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]

Levodopum

Levodopum [INN-Latin]

Levopa

L-O-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

L-o-Hydroxytyrosine

Lopac0_000454

Lopac-D-9628

LS-255

L-Β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

Maipedopa

Medphano brand OF levodopa

MLS000028514

MolPort-000-856-937

NCGC00015384-01

NCGC00016270-01

NCGC00016270-06

NCGC00093869-04

nchembio.2007.55-comp26

nchembio.89-comp9

NINDS_000452

NSC 118381

NSC118381

Parda

Pardopa

PDSP1_001541

PDSP2_001525

Prestwick_185

Prestwick0_000017

Prestwick1_000017

Prestwick2_000017

Prestwick3_000017

Prodopa

Ro 4-6316

Roberts brand OF levodopa

Roche brand OF levodopa

S1726_Selleck

SDCCGMLS-0066924.P001

SMR000058312

Sobiodopa

SPBio_000391

SPBio_001974

Spectrum_000454

Spectrum2_000496

SPECTRUM2300205

Spectrum4_000539

Spectrum5_001899

Syndopa

UNII-46627O600J

Veldopa

Weldopa

β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

Β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine

Β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine

Octreotide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1, Phase 2

83150-76-9

383414 6400441

Synonyms:

(4R,7S,10S,13R,16S,19R)-10-(4-aminobutyl)-19-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-16-benzyl-N-[(2R,3R)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide

(4R,7S,10S,13R,16S,19R)-19-{[(2R)-2-amino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino}-10-(4-aminobutyl)-16-benzyl-N-[(2R,3R)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentahydroxy-7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-13-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaene-4-carboximidate

10-(4-Aminobutyl)-19-((2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl)amino)-16-benzyl-7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaa

10-(4-aminobutyl)-19-[(2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-16-benzyl-N-(1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl)-7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide

10-(4-aminobutyl)-19-[(2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-16-benzyl-N-[(2R,3R)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide

79517-01-4 (acetate salt)

83150-76-9

AC1L1GVU

AC1L8LCD

AC1L9M4X

C07306

C5H12O2.C4H10

CHEBI:427278

CHEBI:611465

CHEMBL1680

CID383414

CID448601

CID54374

Compound 201 995

Compound 201995

Compound 201-995

D00442

D-Phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threoninol cyclic (2-7)-disulfide

D-Phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-N-((1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-L-cysteinamide cyclic (2->7)-disulfide

D-Phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-N-((1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-L-cysteinamide cyclic (2-7)-disulfide

DRG-0115

HMS2090C09

HS-2020

L000453

L-Cysteinamide, D-phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L- threonyl-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-, cyclic (2->7)-disulfide, (R-(R*

Longastatin

LS-177735

LS-187135

NCGC00181796-01

nchembio.184-comp3

NCI60_025753

Octreotida

Octreotida [Spanish]

Octreotide

Octreotide (USAN/INN)

Octreotide [USAN:INN:BAN]

Octreotide acetate

Octreotide acetate salt

Octreotide Acetate Salt

Octreotide-LAR

Octreotidum

Octreotidum [Latin]

Octrotide

SAN 201-995

Sandostatin

Sandostatine

Sandoz 201 995

Sandoz 201995

Sandoz 201-995

SM 201-995

SMS 201-995

SMS-201-995

UNII-RWM8CCW8GP

zacycloicosane-4-carboxamide acetate

Phenylalanine

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 2

63-91-2

6140

Synonyms:

(-)-beta-Phenylalanine

(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid

(6S)-Tetrahydrofolate

(6S)-Tetrahydrofolic acid

(6S)-THFA

(L)-Phenylalanine

(S)-(-)-Phenylalanine

(S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropanoate

(S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid

(S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionate

(S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid

(S)-a-Amino-b-phenylpropionate

(S)-a-Amino-b-phenylpropionic acid

(S)-alpha-Aminobenzenepropanoate

(S)-alpha-Amino-benzenepropanoate

(S)-alpha-Aminobenzenepropanoic acid

(S)-alpha-Amino-benzenepropanoic acid

(S)-alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionate

(S)-alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid

(S)-alpha-Aminohydrocinnamate

(S)-alpha-Aminohydrocinnamic acid

(S)-Phenylalanine

(S)-Α-amino-β-phenylpropionate

(S)-Α-amino-β-phenylpropionic acid

10549-09-4

1f2p

1F9436B3-8B0D-4AC6-A004-4249B0BDA436

1usi

3-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]-2-formamidopropanoic acid

303-47-9 OCHRATOXINA

32526-17-3

35849-41-3

3617-44-5

3-Phenylalanine

3-phenyl-l-alanine

3-phenyl-L-alanine

3-Phenyl-L-alanine

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid

5297-02-9

63-91-2

673-06-3 D-PHENYL)

67675-33-6

78019_FLUKA

78019_SIGMA

801204-11-5

AB1003608

AC1L1LVU

AC1L1XF0

alpha-Aminohydrocinnamate

alpha-Aminohydrocinnamic acid

AmbotzHAA1121

Antibiotic FN 1636

beta-Phenylalanine

beta-Phenyl-alpha-alanine

beta-phenyl-l-alanine

beta-Phenyl-L-alanine

bmse000045

b-Phenyl-L-alanine

C00079

CB 3208

CCRIS 4254

CHEBI:17295

CHEMBL301523

CID37278

CID6140

D00021

DB00120

DB02556

EINECS 200-568-1

endophenyl

Endorphenyl

FEMA No. 3585

fenilalanina

Fenilalanina

Fenilalanina [Spanish]

H-Phe-OH

HSDB 1825

L-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionate

L-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid

L-3-(p-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-N-formylalanine

L-Antibiotic FN 1636

L-Isomer phenylalanine

L-PHENYL ALANINE (SEE ALSO 22839-47-0, ASPARTAME

L-phenylalanine

L-Phenylalanine

L-Phenylalanine (JP15)

L-Phenylalanine,

L-Phenylalanine, 4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-N-formyl- (9CI)

L-PHENYLALININE

LS-1515

LS-15879

MolPort-001-757-101

NCGC00013103

NCGC00095047-01

NCGC00095047-02

NCGC00095047-03

NCGC00095047-04

nchembio.185-comp8

nchembio.186-comp89

nchembio.255-comp2

nchembio816-comp8

NCI9959

NCIStruc1_000204

NCIStruc2_000248

N-Formyl-L-p-sarcolysin

N-Formyl-L-sarcolysin

N-Formylmelphalan

NSC 37024

NSC 79477

NSC37024

NSC-9959

P0134

P2126_SIAL

P5482_SIGMA

P8740_SIAL

P8740_SIGMA

phe

Phe

Phenylalamine

phenylalanine

Phenylalanine

Phenyl-alanine

PHENYLALANINE

Phenylalanine (USP/INN)

Phenylalanine (VAN)

Phenylalanine [USAN:INN:JAN]

Phenylalanine, L isomer

Phenylalanine, L-isomer

Phenylalaninum

Phenylalaninum [Latin]

Tetrahydrofolate

THF

UNII-47E5O17Y3R

W358509_ALDRICH

β-phenyl-L-alanine

Β-phenyl-L-alanine

Antidotes

Phase 2

Chelating Agents

Phase 2

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

Phase 2

Fluorides

Phase 2

Iron Chelating Agents

Phase 2

Protective Agents

Phase 2

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 2

Anticoagulants

Phase 2

Dihydroxyphenylalanine

Phase 1, Phase 2

Calcium

Nutraceutical

Phase 2

7440-70-2

271

Synonyms:

Ca(2+)

Ca2+

Calcio

Calcium

Calcium element

CALCIUM ion

Calcium(2+)

Calcium, doubly charged positive ion

Calcium, elemental

Elemental calcium

Kalzium

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	New Imaging Modalities in the Evaluation of Patients With Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome	Completed	NCT00001849	Phase 2	Pentetreotide;18F-DOPA;18-FDG
2	Evaluation of 68Ga -DOTATATE PET/CT, Octreotide and F-DOPA PET Imaging in Patients With Ectopic Cushing Syndrome	Recruiting	NCT02019706	Phase 1, Phase 2

Search NIH Clinical Center for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Sources

Genetic Tests for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Sources

Anatomical Context for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

⁴⁰

Pituitary, Thyroid, Lung, Skeletal Muscle, Pancreas, Adrenal Gland, Liver

Sources

Publications for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Articles related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

(show top 50) (show all 66)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	To determine the efficacy of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in differentiating Cushing disease from ectopic Cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Azeemuddin M...Khan R	33484548	2021
2	Diagnosis and management of small pulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor associated with Cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Benissan-Messan DZ...Kneuertz PJ	33318759	2020
3	Ectopic Cushing syndrome caused by a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report. ⁶¹	Shayesteh S...Kawamoto S	32547669	2020
4	Ectopic Cushing syndrome in Colombia. ⁶¹	Lopez-Montoya V...Jimenez C	32609152	2020
5	Functional imaging in ectopic Cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Grigoryan S...Turcu AF	32250975	2020
6	Ectopic Cushing Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Electrolyte Derangements. ⁶¹	Fanous N...Casella JL	31606493	2020
7	A case of gastrinoma associated with ectopic Cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Kubicka E...Bolanowski M	32077445	2020
8	Ectopic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Secreting Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: Excellent Response of Liver Metastases to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy as Demonstrated by 68Ga-DOTATOC and 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging. ⁶¹	Zhang J...Baum RP	31714276	2020
9	Ectopic ACTH syndrome of different origin-Diagnostic approach and clinical outcome. Experience of one Clinical Centre. ⁶¹	Palen-Tytko JE...Hubalewska-Dydejczyk AB	33237923	2020
10	ACTH-producing tumorlets and carcinoids of the lung: clinico-pathologic study of 63 cases and review of the literature. ⁶¹	La Rosa S...Imperatori A	31264037	2019
11	68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT of Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Due to Appendicular Carcinoid. ⁶¹	Diwaker C...Shah N	31524683	2019
12	Acute Liver Failure Due to Severe Hepatic Metastasis of Small-cell Lung Cancer Producing Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Complicating Ectopic Cushing Syndrome. ⁶¹	Kamijo S...Nagata K	31243230	2019
13	Fluconazole treatment in severe ectopic Cushing syndrome ⁶¹	Canteros TM...Fainstein-Day P	31373475	2019
14	Ectopic ACTH Syndrome With Association of Multiple Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytomas and Multiple Carcinoid Tumorlets. ⁶¹	Benito-Martinez E...Pasquel FJ	31020057	2019
15	Severe Hypercortisolism with Hypokalemic Alkalosis Mimicking Ectopic Cushing Syndrome in a Patient with Cushing Disease Due to Pituitary Microadenoma. ⁶¹	Goyal A...Khadgawat R	30766837	2018
16	Ectopic Cushing Syndrome (ECS): 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT Localizes the Site of Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Production. ⁶¹	Parihar AS...Bhansali A	30036246	2018
17	Two types of ectopic Cushing syndrome or a continuum? Review. ⁶¹	Araujo Castro M...Marazuela Azpiroz M	29766359	2018
18	THYMIC CARCINOID WITH ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE-PRODUCING ECTOPIC CUSHING SYNDROME AND EMPTY SELLA. ⁶¹	Labadzhyan A...Melmed S	31897433	2018
19	Ectopic Cushing syndrome: Report of 9 cases. ⁶¹	Araujo Castro M...Estrada Garcia J	29655957	2018
20	Combined Ovarian and Adrenal Venous Sampling in the Localization of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Independent Ectopic Cushing Syndrome. ⁶¹	Chen S...Zhu H	29161416	2018
21	Case report: Ectopic Cushing's syndrome in a young male with hidden lung carcinoid tumor. ⁶¹	Aljassem G...Aljasem H	29202350	2018
22	Case-series of paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome in small-cell lung cancer. ⁶¹	Richa CG...Merheb MT	29535866	2018
23	Psychosis as a sequelae of paraneoplastic syndrome in Small- Cell Lung Carcinoma: A psycho-neuroendocrine interface. ⁶¹	Wilkins CM...Birur B	29164929	2017
24	ECTOPIC CUSHING SYNDROME: A 10-YEAR EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN SOUTHERN INDIA. ⁶¹	Sathyakumar S...Thomas N	28614007	2017
25	Ectopic Cushing syndrome in small cell lung cancer: A case report and literature review. ⁶¹	Zhang HY...Zhao J	28102935	2017
26	Successful percutaneous CT-guided microwave ablation of adrenal gland for ectopic Cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Zener R...Mujoomdar A	27919009	2017
27	Adrenal Cushing syndrome with detectable ACTH from an unexpected source. ⁶¹	Lwin TM...Marti JL	27903577	2016
28	Ectopic Cushing syndrome due to neuroendocrine prostatic cancer. ⁶¹	Shrosbree J...Greenfield JR	27170243	2016
29	Hypercortisolism Manifesting as Severe Weight Loss, Hypokalemia, and Hyperglycemia in the Emergency Department. ⁶¹	Miller AH...Yeung SC	26896288	2016
30	Ectopic Corticotropin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Pancreas Treated With 177Lu DOTATATE Induction and Maintenance Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. ⁶¹	Makis W...McEwan AJ	26359569	2016
31	Small cell carcinoma of the prostate presenting with Cushing Syndrome. A narrative review of an uncommon condition. ⁶¹	Rueda-Camino JA...Zapatero-Gaviria A	27068390	2016
32	PET imaging in ectopic Cushing syndrome: a systematic review. ⁶¹	Santhanam P...Treglia G	26206753	2015
33	Ectopic Cushing syndrome secondary to recurrent pancreatoblastoma in a child: Lessons learnt. ⁶¹	Qureshi SS...Kembhavi SA	26881602	2015
34	Rapid response of hypercortisolism to vandetanib treatment in a patient with advanced medullary thyroid cancer and ectopic Cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Pitoia F...Cross G	26331322	2015
35	Positive (68)Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT after cortisol level control during ketoconazole treatment in a patient with liver metastases from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and ectopic Cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Davi' MV...Francia G	25168486	2015
36	ACTH-secreting pancreatic neoplasms associated with Cushing syndrome: clinicopathologic study of 11 cases and review of the literature. ⁶¹	Maragliano R...La Rosa S	25353285	2015
37	Ectopic Cushing syndrome secondary to metastatic medullary thyroid cancer in a child with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2B: clues to early diagnosis of the paraneoplastic syndromes. ⁶¹	Singer K...Chen M	24859505	2014
38	Vandetanib successfully controls medullary thyroid cancer-related Cushing syndrome in an adolescent patient. ⁶¹	Nella AA...Stratakis CA	24617713	2014
39	Ectopic Cushing syndrome associated with thymic carcinoid tumor as the first presentation of MEN1 syndrome-report of a family with MEN1 gene mutation. ⁶¹	Hasani-Ranjbar S...Amoli MM	24218143	2014
40	A challenging case of an ectopic cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Menezes Nunes J...Bettencourt P	25431598	2014
41	Tumor localization in ectopic Cushing syndrome using combined PET/CT imaging. ⁶¹	Bluemel C...Herrmann K	23816940	2013
42	Severe ectopic cushing syndrome caused by adenoid cystic carcinoma of a salivary gland. ⁶¹	Alcantara V...Chico A	23757606	2013
43	Physiological and tumoral uptake of (68)Ga-DOTATATE: standardized uptake values and challenges in interpretation. ⁶¹	Kuyumcu S...Unal S	23543506	2013
44	Alterations in polyadenylation and its implications for endocrine disease. ⁶¹	Rehfeld A...Friis-Hansen L	23658553	2013
45	18F-DOPA PET/CT but not 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT revealed the underlying cause of ectopic Cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Schalin-Jantti C...Seppanen M	22889786	2012
46	Bilateral adrenalectomy: lifesaving procedure in severe Cushing syndrome. ⁶¹	Han JY...Heaney AP	22441001	2012
47	Cushing syndrome secondary to a thymic carcinoid tumor due to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. ⁶¹	Ghazi AA...Grossman AB	21550948	2011
48	Fulminant ectopic Cushing syndrome in a patient with metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and Crohn's disease. ⁶¹	Gorshtein A...Grozinsky-Glasberg S	22286792	2011
49	Long-term management with octreotide or cabergoline in ectopic corticotropin hypersecretion: case report and literature review. ⁶¹	Bruno OD...Rossi MA	20497940	2010
50	Spared adrenals: transient florid ectopic Cushing syndrome associated with necrosis of metastatic carcinoid. ⁶¹	Milanesi A...Yu R	20564793	2010

Sources

Genes for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Genes related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	SST	Somatostatin	Protein Coding	12.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	8.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	CRH	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	6.96	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	SSR2	Signal Sequence Receptor Subunit 2	Protein Coding	6.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	TBX19	T-Box Transcription Factor 19	Protein Coding	5.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	CHGA	Chromogranin A	Protein Coding	5.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	CALCA	Calcitonin Related Polypeptide Alpha	Protein Coding	5.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	PRL	Prolactin	Protein Coding	5.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	NR3C1	Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1	Protein Coding	5.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

Sources

Variations for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Sources

Expression for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome.

Sources

Pathways for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Pathways related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Peptide ligand-binding receptors ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) ⁶⁵ Defective AVP causes neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (NDI) ⁶⁵ Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands ⁶⁵ G alpha (i) signalling events ⁶⁵ GPCR ligand binding ⁶⁵ GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like ¹ Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction ³⁶ Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors ⁶⁵ Peptide GPCRs ¹ Tachykinin receptors bind tachykinins ⁶⁵ Vasopressin-like receptors ⁶⁵	13.02	SST PRL POMC NR3C1 CRH CALCA
2	G alpha (s) signalling events ⁶⁵	11.66	POMC CRH CALCA
3	Corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway ¹	11.3	TBX19 POMC CRH
4	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis ²³	11.06	NR3C1 CALCA
5	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ¹	10.71	PRL POMC NR3C1
6	Antipsychotics Pathway (Metabolic Side Effects), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.67	PRL POMC
7	Glucocorticoid Pathway (HPA Axis), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	9.8	POMC CRH

Sources

GO Terms for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Cellular components related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.43	SST PRL POMC CRH CHGA CALCA
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.1	SST PRL POMC CRH CHGA CALCA

Biological processes related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.5	SST POMC CALCA
2	response to heat	GO:0009408	9.4	SST CALCA
3	positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	GO:1902895	9.37	PRL NR3C1
4	cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus	GO:0071549	9.26	NR3C1 CRH
5	response to pain	GO:0048265	9.16	CRH CALCA
6	regulation of blood pressure	GO:0008217	9.13	POMC CHGA CALCA
7	hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway	GO:0008628	8.62	SST CRH

Molecular functions related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hormone activity	GO:0005179	9.02	SST PRL POMC CRH CALCA

Sources

Sources for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GARD

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 20-May-2021)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ Tocris

⁷⁰ UMLS

⁷¹ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷² UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷³ Wikipedia