Ectopic Cushing Syndrome disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: ECT093 MIFTS: 51	Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Categories: Endocrine diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Rare diseases, Reproductive diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Expand all tables

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

MalaCards integrated aliases for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

Name: Ectopic Cushing Syndrome ¹² ⁶⁰ ¹⁵

Cushing Syndrome Due to Ectopic Acth Secretion ¹² ⁶⁰

Ectopic Acth Secreting Tumor ¹² ⁶⁰

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Secretion Syndrome ⁶⁰

Paraneoplastic Cushing Syndrome ⁶⁰

Occult Ectopic Acth Secretion ⁶⁰

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases Reproductive diseases Endocrine diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³⁴ ³⁵

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

Disorders of other endocrine glands

Cushing syndrome

Ectopic ACTH syndrome

Orphanet: ⁶⁰

Rare gastroenterological diseases

Rare infertility disorders

Rare endocrine diseases

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:0060890

ICD10 ³⁴ E24.3

ICD10 via Orphanet ³⁵ E24.3

Orphanet ⁶⁰ ORPHA99889

SNOMED-CT via HPO ⁷⁰ 109546001 11381005 128856005 more

Sources

Summaries for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Disease Ontology : ¹² A primary hyperaldosteronism that is characterized by a tumor outside the pituitary gland produces a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone.

MalaCards based summary : Ectopic Cushing Syndrome, also known as cushing syndrome due to ectopic acth secretion, is related to pancreatoblastoma and small cell cancer of the lung. An important gene associated with Ectopic Cushing Syndrome is POMC (Proopiomelanocortin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Neuroscience and G alpha (s) signalling events. The drugs Octreotide and Mifepristone have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pituitary, thyroid and skin, and related phenotypes are muscle weakness and hypokalemia

Sources

Related Diseases for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Diseases related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 125)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	pancreatoblastoma	30.4	SYP SST
2	small cell cancer of the lung	30.3	SYP SST POMC
3	neuroendocrine tumor	30.3	SYP SST MEN1
4	acth-secreting pituitary adenoma	30.3	POMC CRH
5	carcinoid syndrome	30.3	SYP SST MEN1
6	bronchial adenomas/carcinoids childhood	10.5	SST POMC
7	bronchus adenoma	10.5	SST POMC
8	acidophil adenoma	10.5	SST POMC
9	pituitary infarct	10.5	SST POMC
10	chiasmal syndrome	10.5	SST POMC
11	malignant glandular tumor of peripheral nerve sheath	10.5	SYP SST
12	non-functioning pituitary adenoma	10.4	SST S100B
13	primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma	10.4	SYP S100B
14	tuberculum sellae meningioma	10.4	SYP POMC
15	chordoid meningioma	10.4	SYP S100B
16	sella turcica neoplasm	10.4	SYP POMC
17	mixed type thymoma	10.4	SYP S100B
18	allergic encephalomyelitis	10.4	POMC CRH
19	olfactory nerve neoplasm	10.4	SYP POMC
20	rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor	10.4	SYP S100B
21	dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor	10.4	SYP S100B
22	hypothalamic disease	10.4	POMC CRH
23	male reproductive organ benign neoplasm	10.4	SYP POMC
24	supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor	10.4	SYP S100B
25	angiocentric glioma	10.4	SYP S100B
26	hormone producing pituitary cancer	10.4	SST MEN1
27	hyperpituitarism	10.4	SST POMC
28	acth deficiency, isolated	10.4	POMC CRH
29	cellular ependymoma	10.4	SYP SMUG1
30	pineocytoma	10.4	SYP S100B
31	hypoadrenalism	10.4	POMC CRH
32	cerebral lymphoma	10.4	SST SMUG1
33	pancreatic endocrine carcinoma	10.4	SYP SST POMC
34	sheehan syndrome	10.4	POMC CRH
35	partial motor epilepsy	10.4	SYP SMUG1
36	gallbladder small cell carcinoma	10.4	SYP SMUG1
37	clear cell adenoma	10.3	S100B MEN1
38	benign struma ovarii	10.3	SMUG1 RET
39	hyperparathyroidism 2 with jaw tumors	10.3	RET MEN1
40	pituitary carcinoma	10.3	SST POMC CRH
41	nelson syndrome	10.3	SST POMC CRH
42	anaplastic ependymoma	10.3	SYP S100B
43	intestinal pseudo-obstruction	10.3	SST SYP RET
44	gangliocytoma	10.3	SYP POMC CRH
45	adrenal cortex disease	10.3	SST POMC CRH
46	adrenal gland disease	10.3	SST POMC CRH
47	pituitary-dependent cushing's disease	10.3	SST POMC CRH
48	hypoganglionosis	10.3	SYP S100B RET
49	paraganglioma	10.3	SYP SST RET
50	inappropriate adh syndrome	10.3	POMC AVPR2

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Human phenotypes related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

⁶⁰ ³³ (show all 30)

#	Description	HPO Frequency	Orphanet Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	muscle weakness ⁶⁰ ³³	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001324
2	hypokalemia ⁶⁰ ³³	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0002900
3	fatigue ⁶⁰ ³³	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0012378
4	osteoporosis ⁶⁰ ³³	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000939
5	skeletal muscle atrophy ⁶⁰ ³³	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0003202
6	thin skin ⁶⁰ ³³	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000963
7	striae distensae ⁶⁰ ³³	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001065
8	bruising susceptibility ⁶⁰ ³³	hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000978
9	depressivity ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000716
10	diabetes mellitus ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000819
11	immunodeficiency ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002721
12	generalized hirsutism ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002230
13	acne ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0001061
14	anxiety ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000739
15	pheochromocytoma ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002666
16	round face ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000311
17	nephrolithiasis ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000787
18	recurrent fractures ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002757
19	thymoma ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0100522
20	infertility ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000789
21	truncal obesity ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0001956
22	thyroid carcinoma ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002890
23	menometrorrhagia ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0400008
24	small cell lung carcinoma ⁶⁰ ³³	frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0030357
25	weight loss ⁶⁰ ³³	occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001824
26	hypertensive crisis ⁶⁰ ³³	occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0100735
27	diarrhea ⁶⁰ ³³	occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002014
28	generalized hyperpigmentation ⁶⁰ ³³	occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0007440
29	hypertension ⁶⁰		Frequent (79-30%)
30	neuroendocrine neoplasm ⁶⁰		Frequent (79-30%)

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

⁴⁷

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.14	AVPR2 CRH DNMT1 E2F1 GHRL POMC
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.1	AVPR2 CRH E2F1 GHRL MEN1 POMC
3	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	9.97	BCL10 CRH E2F1 GHRL MEN1 POMC
4	immune system	MP:0005387	9.91	BCL10 CRH DNMT1 E2F1 MEN1 POMC
5	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.7	BCL10 CRH DNMT1 E2F1 MEN1 POMC
6	neoplasm	MP:0002006	9.63	DNMT1 E2F1 MEN1 POMC RET SMUG1
7	normal	MP:0002873	9.23	CRH DNMT1 E2F1 GHRL RET S100B

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Drugs for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 24)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Octreotide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1, Phase 2,Phase 2

83150-76-9

6400441 383414

Synonyms:

(4R,7S,10S,13R,16S,19R)-10-(4-aminobutyl)-19-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-16-benzyl-N-[(2R,3R)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide

10-(4-Aminobutyl)-19-((2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl)amino)-16-benzyl-7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaa

10-(4-aminobutyl)-19-[(2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-16-benzyl-N-(1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl)-7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide

10-(4-aminobutyl)-19-[(2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-16-benzyl-N-[(2R,3R)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide

79517-01-4 (acetate salt)

83150-76-9

AC1L1GVU

AC1L8LCD

AC1L9M4X

C07306

C5H12O2.C4H10

CHEBI:427278

CHEBI:611465

CHEMBL1680

CID383414

CID448601

CID54374

Compound 201 995

Compound 201995

Compound 201-995

D00442

D-Phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threoninol cyclic (2-7)-disulfide

D-Phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-N-((1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-L-cysteinamide cyclic (2->7)-disulfide

D-Phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-N-((1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-L-cysteinamide cyclic (2-7)-disulfide

DRG-0115

HMS2090C09

HS-2020

L000453

L-Cysteinamide, D-phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L- threonyl-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-, cyclic (2->7)-disulfide, (R-(R*

Longastatin

LS-177735

LS-187135

NCGC00181796-01

nchembio.184-comp3

NCI60_025753

Octreotida

Octreotida [Spanish]

Octreotide

Octreotide (USAN/INN)

Octreotide [USAN:INN:BAN]

Octreotide acetate

Octreotide acetate salt

Octreotide Acetate Salt

Octreotide-LAR

Octreotidum

Octreotidum [Latin]

Octrotide

SAN 201-995

Sandostatin

Sandostatine

Sandoz 201 995

Sandoz 201995

Sandoz 201-995

SM 201-995

SMS 201-995

SMS-201-995

UNII-RWM8CCW8GP

zacycloicosane-4-carboxamide acetate

Mifepristone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

84371-65-3

55245

Synonyms:

(11beta,17beta)-11-(4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one

(11beta,17beta)-11-(4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)-estra-4,9-dien-3-one

(11beta,17beta)-11-(4-(Dimethylamino)-phenyl)-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one

(11beta,17beta)-11-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-17-hydroxy-17-prop-1-yn-1-ylestra-4,9-dien-3-one

(2E)-N-hydroxy-3-[4-({(2-hydroxyethyl)[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide

(8S,11R,13S,14S,17S)-11-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-prop-1-ynyl-1,2,6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one

(E)-N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]prop-2-enamide

11-(4-dimethylamino-PHENYL)-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-prop-1-ynyl-1,2,6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodec ahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one

11-(4-DIMETHYLAMINO-PHENYL)-17-HYDROXY-13-METHYL-17-PROP-1-YNYL-1,2,6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-DODEC AHYDRO-CYCLOPENTA[A]PHENANTHREN-3-ONE

11beta-(4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)-17beta-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-on

11beta-(4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)-17-hydroxy-21-methyl-19-nor-17alpha-pregna-4,9-dien-20-m-3-on

11beta-(4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)phenyl)-17alpha-(prop-1-ynyl)-delta4,9-estradiene-17beta-ol-3-one

11beta-(4-Dimethyl-?amino)-?phenyl-17beta-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)-?estra-4,9-dien-3-one

11beta-(p-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)-17beta-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one

122742-25-0

17-beta-Hydroxy-11-beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl-1)-17-alpha-(prop-1-ynyl)oestra-4,9-dien-3-one

404951-53-7

83203-42-3

84371-65-3

AC1L1IOO

AC1O62SB

Ambap84371-65-3

BIDD:PXR0123

BPBio1_000262

BRD-K37270826-001-04-5

BRN 5779404

BSPBio_000238

C07652

C-1073

C29H35NO2

CHEBI:50692

CHEMBL157

CHEMBL356066

CI-1073

CID55245

CID6445533

Contragest brand OF mifepristone

Contragest Brand of Mifepristone

Corlux

CPD000058481

D00585

D015735

Dacinostat

danco Brand OF mifepristone

Danco Brand of Mifepristone

DB00834

EC-000.2469

EU-0100801

Exelgyn brand OF mifepristone

Exelgyn Brand of Mifepristone

FT-0082666

HMS1568L20

HMS2052L05

HMS2090L22

HSCI1_000369

HSDB 6841

I14-11726

LAQ-824

Lopac0_000801

LS-192513

LS-64723

M 8046

M8046_SIGMA

Mifegyne

Mifégyne

Mifeprex

Mifeprex (TN)

Mifepriston

Mifepristona

Mifepristona [Spanish]

mifepristone

Mifepristone

Mifépristone

Mifepristone (USAN/INN)

Mifepristone [USAN:INN:BAN]

Mifepristone contragest brand

Mifepristone Contragest Brand

Mifepristone danco brand

Mifepristone Danco Brand

Mifepristone exelgyn brand

Mifepristone Exelgyn Brand

Mifepristonum

Mifepristonum [Latin]

MLS000069785

MLS001074115

MolPort-003-849-222

NCGC00025179-05

NCGC00025179-08

NCGC00179632-01

nchembio.313-comp12

NVP-LAQ 824

NVP-LAQ824

NVP-LAQ824, Dacinostat, LAQ824

Pictovir

Pictovir (TM)

Prestwick_570

Prestwick0_000299

Prestwick1_000299

Prestwick2_000299

Prestwick3_000299

R 38486

R38486

R-38486

RU 38486

RU 486

RU 486-6

RU38486

RU-38486

RU486

RU-486

RU-486, MIFEPRISTONE

RU-486, RU-38486, Mifegyne, Mifeprex, Mifepristone

S1095_Selleck

S1611_Selleck

SAM001246881

SMR000058481

SPBio_002457

Spectrum5_002045

TL8005515

UNII-320T6RNW1F

UNII-V10P524501

VGX-410

VGX-410C

VX-410

ZINC03831128

ZK 98296

ZK98296

ZK-98296

Racepinephrine

Approved

Phase 2

329-65-7

838

Synonyms:

(+-)-Adrenaline

(+-)-Epinephrine

2-(methylamino)-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol

Adrenaline hydrochloride, racemic mixture

Adrenaline, racemic

Adrenaline, racemic mixture

Bird brand OF racepinefrine hydrochloride

DL-Adrenaline

Epinephrine hydrochloride, racemic mixture

Epinephrine racemic

Epinephrine, racemic

Epinephrine, racemic mixture

Hydrochloride, racepinephrine

Micronefrin

Micronephrine

Mixture adrenaline, racemic

Mixture epinephrine, racemic

Racemic adrenaline

Racemic epinephrine

Racemic mixture adrenaline

Racemic mixture epinephrine

Racepinefrina

Racepinefrine

Racepinefrinum

Racepinephrine

Racepinephrine hydrochloride

Vaponefrin

Epinephrine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 2

51-43-4

5816

Synonyms:

(−)-(R)-epinephrine

(-)-(R)-Epinephrine

(-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-a-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol

(-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-a-[(methylamino)methyl]-benzyl alcohol

(-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-a-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzyl alcohol

(-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol

(-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-alpha-[(methylamino)methyl]-benzyl alcohol

(-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-alpha-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzyl alcohol

(−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol

(-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol

(-)-Adrenalin

(−)-adrenaline

(-)-Adrenaline

(-)-Epinephrine

(-)-R-Epinephrine

(R)-(-)-Adnephrine

(R)-(−)-adrenaline

(R)-(-)-Adrenaline

(R)-(-)-Epinephrine

(R)-(-)-Epirenamine

(R)-4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol

(R)-Adrenaline

(R)-Epinephrine

02252_FLUKA

1-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol

1-Adrenalin

1-Epinephrine

4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol

4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol

4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol

4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol

51028-73-0

51-43-4

51-43-4 (FREE BASE)

A0173

AC-13188

AC1L1L7B

Acetate, epinephrine

Adnephrine

ADR ADRENALINE

Adrenal

Adrenalin

Adrenalin (TN)

Adrenalin in Oil

Adrenalina

Adrenalina [DCIT]

adrenaline

Adrenaline

Adrénaline

Adrenaline (JP15)

Adrenaline acid tartrate

Adrenaline bitartrate

Adrenaline hydrochloride

Adrenaline/Epinephrine

Adrenalin-Medihaler

Adrenalinum

Adrenamine

Adrenan

Adrenapax

Adrenasol

Adrenatrate

Adrenine

Adrenodis

Adrenohorma

Adrenosan

Adrenutol

Adrin

Adrine

ADROP

AI3-19015

Allergan brand OF adrenaline hydrochloride

Ana-Guard

Ana-kit

Antiasthmatique

Asmatane Mist

Asthma meter mist

Asthmahaler Mist

Asthmanefrin

Asthma-nefrin

Astmahalin

Astminhal

Balmadren

Bernarenin

BIDD:GT0119

Biorenine

bmse000316

Bosmin

Brevirenin

Bronkaid

Bronkaid mist

Bronkaid Mist

Bronkaid Suspension Mist

Bupivacaine Hcl and Epinephrine

C00788

CCRIS 4812

CHEBI:28918

Chelafrin

CHEMBL679

CID5816

Citanest Forte

Corisol

D00095

d-Adrenaline

DB00668

D-Epifrin

D-Epinephrine

Drenamist

Dylephrin

Dyspne-Inhal

E4250_SIGMA

EINECS 200-098-7

EPI E Z PEN JR

Epi EZ Pen Jr

Epifrin

Epiglaufrin

Epinefrin

Epinefrin [Czech]

Epinefrina

Epinefrina [INN-Spanish]

Epinephran

Epinephrin

epinephrine

Epinephrine

Epinephrine (USP)

Epinephrine (USP/INN)

Epinephrine [USAN:INN:JAN]

Epinephrine acetate

Epinephrine bitartrate

Epinephrine hydrochloride

Epinephrine hydrogen tartrate

Epinephrinum

Epinephrinum [INN-Latin]

Epipen

Epipen (TN)

Epipen Auto-Injector

EPIPEN E Z PEN

Epipen EZ Pen

Epipen JR

EPIPEN JR

Epipen Jr.

Epipen Jr. Auto-Injector

Epirenamine

Epirenan

Epirenin

Epitrate

Eppy

Esphygmogenina

Exadrin

Glaucon

Glaucosan

Glauposine

Glycirenan

Haemostasin

Haemostatin

Hektalin

Hemisine

Hemostasin

Hemostatin

HSCI1_000215

HSDB 4289

Hypernephrin

Hyporenin

Intranefrin

Iontocaine

IOP

Isoptoepinal

Kidoline

l-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol

L-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol

l-Adrenalin

l-Adrenaline

L-Adrenaline

L-Adrenaline Base

L-Epinehphrine

l-Epinephine

L-epinephrine

L-Epinephrine

l-Epinephrine (synthetic)

l-Epirenamine

L-Epirenamine

Levoadrenaline

Levoepinephrine

Levo-Methylaminoethanolcatechol

Levorenen

Levorenin

Levorenine

Levoreninum

l-Methylaminoethanolcatechol

L-Methylaminoethanolcatechol

Lopac-E-4642

LS-156

Lyodrin

Lyophrin

Medihaler-epi

Medihaler-Epi

Metanephrin

Methylaminoethanolcatechol

Methylarterenol

Micronefrin

Micronephrine

MolPort-002-051-368

Mucidrina

Myosthenine

Mytrate

NCGC00015417-01

NCGC00142615-01

NCGC00142615-03

NCGC00142615-04

NCGC00142615-05

NCGC00142615-06

NCGC00142615-07

nchembio747-comp9

Nephridine

Nieraline

NSC 62786

NSC62786

Paranephrin

PDSP1_001120

PDSP2_001104

Primatene

Primatene mist

Primatene Mist

R-(-)-Epinephrine

Racemic Epinephrine

Racepinephrine

R-Adrenaline

RCRA waste no. P042

Rcra waste number P042

Renagladin

Renaglandin

Renaglandulin

Renaleptine

Renalina

Renoform

Renostypricin

Renostypticin

Renostyptin

Scurenaline

Septocaine

Simplene

Sindrenina

SMP1_000227

Soladren

Sphygmogenin

ST069368

Stryptirenal

Styptirenal

Supracapsulin

Supradin

Supranefran

Supranephrane

Supranephrine

Supranol

Suprarenaline

Suprarenin

Suprel

Surenine

Surrenine

Susphrine

Sus-phrine

Sus-Phrine

SUS-PHRINE SULFITE-FREE

Sympathin I

Takamina

Takamine

Tokamina

Tonogen

Twinject

Twinject 0.15

Twinject 0.3

Twinject 0.30

UNII-YKH834O4BH

Vaponefrin

Vasoconstrictine

Vasoconstrictor

Vasodrine

Vasoton

Vasotonin

Hydrocortisone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 2

50-03-3

Hydrocortisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 2

50-23-7

5754

Synonyms:

(11b)-11,17,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione

(11beta)-11,17,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione

(11β)-11,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione

[3H]cortisol

11 Epicortisol

11a-Hydroxycorticosterone

11alpha-Hydroxycorticosterone

11b,17,21-Trihydroxyprogesterone

11b,17a,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione

11beta,17,21-Trihydroxyprogesterone

11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione

11beta-hydrocortisone

11beta-Hydrocortisone

11-beta-Hydrocortisone

11beta-Hydroxycortisone

11-beta-Hydroxycortisone

11b-Hydrocortisone

11b-Hydroxycortisone

11-Epicortisol

11-Hydrocortisone

11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione

11β-hydrocortisone

17a-Hydroxycorticosterone

17alpha-Hydroxycorticosterone

17-Hydroxycorticosterone

2v95

4-Pregnen-11b,17a,21-triol-3,20-dione

4-Pregnen-11beta,17alpha,21-triol-3,20-dione

4-pregnen-11β,17α,21-triol-3,20-dione

4-Pregnen-11β,17α,21-triol-3,20-dione

4-Pregnene-11alpha,21-triol 3,20-dione

4-Pregnene-11b,17a,21-triol-3,20-dione

50-23-7

8056-08-4

80562-38-5

8063-42-1

AC-12902

AC1L1L2B

ACETASOL HC

ACETIC ACID W/ HYDROCORTISONE

Acticort

Acticort (TN)

Aeroseb HC

Aeroseb-HC

AI3-25006

AKOS001582651

Alacort

Ala-cort

Ala-Cort

Ala-scalp

Ala-Scalp

Algicirtis

Alphaderm

Amberin

Anflam

Anti-inflammatory hormone

Anucort

Anucort-HC

Anusol HC

Anusol HC (TN)

Anusol-HC

Aquacort

Aquanil HC

B48448A1-24BA-47CA-8D9E-43E5BC949386

Balneol-hc

Balneol-HC

Barseb HC

Basan-corti

Basan-Corti

Beta-hc

Beta-HC

b-HC

Bio-0648

BPBio1_000544

BRD-K93568044-001-03-1

BSPBio_000494

C00735

C21H30O5

CaldeCORT spray

CaldeCORT Spray

CCRIS 5854

Cetacort

CHEBI:17650

CHEMBL389621

Chronocort

CID5754

Clear aid

Cleiton

Cobadex

Colocort

Colocort (TN)

component of Lubricort

component of Neo-Cort-Dome

component of Otalgine

Compound F

Compound F (kendall)

Corhydron

Cor-oticin

COR-OTICIN

Cortanal

Cor-tar-quin

Cort-dome

Cort-Dome

Cortef

Cortef (TN)

Cortenema

Cortesal

Corticreme

Cortifair

Cortifan

Cortifoam

Cortiment

Cortisol

Cortisol alcohol

Cortisol, Hydrocortisone

Cortisolonum

Cortisporin

Cortisporin otico

Cortisporin Otico

Cortispray

Cortizol

Cortolotion

Cortonema

Cortoxide

Cort-quin

Cortril

CORTRIL

CPD000653523

Cremesone

Cremicort-H

Cutisol

Cyclodextrin-encapsulated hydrocortisone

D00088

DB00741

DB07886

Delacort

Dermacort

Derm-aid

Derm-Aid

Dermaspray

Dermil

Dermocortal

Dermolate

Dihydrocostisone

Dioderm

Dome-cort

Domolene-HC

Drotic

DuoCort

Ef corlin

Efcorbin

Efcortelan

Efcortelin

EINECS 200-020-1

Eldecort

Eldercort

Epicort

Epicortisol

Epiderm H

Esiderm H

EU-0100594

Evacort

Ficortril

Fiocortril

Flexicort

Foille insetti

Foille Insetti

Genacort

Genacort (lotion)

Glycort

gyno-Cortisone

Gyno-Cortisone

H 4001

H0135_SIGMA

H0396_SIGMA

H0888_SIGMA

H3160_SIGMA

H4001_SIGMA

H6909_SIGMA

HC #1

HC #4

HC (HYDROCORTISONE)

H-Cort

Heb cort

Heb Cort

Heb-cort

Heb-Cort

Hi-cor

Hidalone

hidro-Colisona

Hidro-Colisona

Hidrocortisona

Hidrocortisona [INN-Spanish]

HMS1569I16

HMS2090M04

HSDB 3339

Hycort

Hycortol

Hycortole

Hydracort

Hydrasson

hydro-Adreson

Hydro-Adreson

hydro-Colisona

Hydro-Colisona

Hydrocort

Hydrocortal

Hydrocorticosterone

hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone (JP15/USP/INN)

Hydrocortisone [INN:BAN:JAN]

Hydrocortisone acetate

Hydrocortisone alcohol

HYDROCORTISONE AND ACETIC ACID

Hydrocortisone base

Hydrocortisone butyrate

Hydrocortisone free alcohol

Hydrocortisone in absorbase

HYDROCORTISONE IN ABSORBASE

Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate

Hydrocortisone solution

Hydrocortisone valerate

Hydrocortisone, (11 alpha)-isomer

Hydrocortisone, (9 beta,10 alpha,11 alpha)-isomer

Hydrocortisone-Water Soluble

Hydrocortisonum

Hydrocortisonum [INN-Latin]

Hydrocortistab

Hydrocortisyl

Hydrocortone

HYDROCORTONE

hydro-RX

Hydro-RX

Hydroskin

Hydroxycortisone

Hysone

Hytisone

Hytone

Hytone (TN)

Hytone lotion

Idrocortisone

Idrocortisone [DCIT]

Incortin-H

Incortin-hydrogen

Kendall's compound F

Komed HC

Kyypakkaus

Lacticare HC

Lacticare-HC

Lactisona

LMST02030001

Locoid

Lopac0_000594

LS-7439

Lubricort

Maintasone

Medicort

Meusicort

Micort-HC

Mildison

Milliderm

MLS000069609

MLS001148103

MLS002207135

MLS002222189

MolPort-001-794-637

NCGC00022848-06

NCGC00022848-07

NCGC00022848-09

NCGC00022848-12

NCI60_000118

neo-Cort-dome

neo-Cortef

Neo-Cortef

Neosporin-H ear

Neosporin-H Ear

Nogenic HC

NSC 10483

NSC10483

NSC-10483

Nutracort

Nystaform-HC

Ophthocort

Optef

ORLEX HC

Otalgine

Otic-neo-cort-dome

Otobiotic

Otocort

Otosone-F

Pediotic suspension

Pediotic Suspension

Penecort

Permicort

Plenadren

Polcort H

Preparation H hydrocortisone cream

Preparation H Hydrocortisone Cream

Prepcort

Prestwick_265

Prestwick0_000447

Prestwick1_000447

Prestwick2_000447

Prestwick3_000447

Prevex HC

Proctocort

Proctofoam

Proctozone HC

Protocort

Racet

Rectasol-HC

Rectoid

Reichstein's substance m

Reichstein's substance M

Remederm HC

S1696_Selleck

SAM002264617

Sanatison

Scalp-Cort

Scalpicin capilar

Scalpicin Capilar

Schericur

Scheroson F

Sigmacort

Signef

SMP1_000156

SMR000059022

SMR000653523

SPBio_002433

Stie-cort

Stiefcorcil

Synacort

Systral hydrocort

Systral Hydrocort

Tarcortin

Terra-cortril

Texacort

Texacort lotion 25

Timocort

Topicort

Transderma H

Traumaide

U-cort

Uniderm

UNII-WI4X0X7BPJ

UPCMLD-DP133

UPCMLD-DP133:001

Vioform-hydrocortisone

VoSol HC

Vytone

Zenoxone

β-HC

Radiopharmaceuticals

Phase 1, Phase 2

Dihydroxyphenylalanine

Phase 1, Phase 2,Phase 2

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

Phase 1, Phase 2

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 2

Luteolytic Agents

Phase 2

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 2

Contraceptives, Oral

Phase 2

Contraceptives, Postcoital

Phase 2

Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists

Phase 2

Hormones

Phase 2

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 2

Contraceptive Agents

Phase 2

Epinephryl borate

Phase 2

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones

Phase 2

Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate

Phase 2

Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate

Phase 2

beta-endorphin

Phase 2

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	New Imaging Techniques in the Evaluation of Patients With Ectopic Cushing Syndrome	Recruiting	NCT00001849	Phase 1, Phase 2	Pentetreotide;18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose;(18F)-L-3,4-dihydroxyophenylalanine (18F-DOPA)
2	Evaluation of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, Octreotide and F-DOPA PET Imaging in Patients With Ectopic Cushing Syndrome	Recruiting	NCT02019706	Phase 2	F-DOPA PET Scan;Mifepristone;Ga-DOTATATE;Octreoscan
3	Prospective, Open-Label, Multicenter, International Study of Mifepristone for Symptomatic Treatment of Cushing's Syndrome Caused by Ectopic Adrenal Corticotrophin Hormone (ACTH) Secretion	Terminated	NCT00422201	Phase 2	Mifepristone

Search NIH Clinical Center for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Sources

Genetic Tests for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Sources

Anatomical Context for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

⁴²

Pituitary, Thyroid, Skin, Skeletal Muscle, Liver, Salivary Gland, Adrenal Gland

Sources

Publications for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Articles related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome:

(show all 25)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Two types of ectopic Cushing syndrome or a continuum? Review. ( 29766359 )	Araujo Castro M....Marazuela Azpiroz M.	2018
2	Combined Ovarian and Adrenal Venous Sampling in the Localization of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Independent Ectopic Cushing Syndrome. ( 29161416 )	Chen S....Zhu H.	2018
3	Ectopic Cushing syndrome: Report of 9 cases. ( 29655957 )	Araujo Castro M....Estrada GarcA-a J.	2018
4	Ectopic Cushing Syndrome (ECS): 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT Localizes the Site of Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Production. ( 30036246 )	Parihar AS...Bhansali A	2018
5	Severe Hypercortisolism with Hypokalemic Alkalosis Mimicking Ectopic Cushing Syndrome in a Patient with Cushing Disease Due to Pituitary Microadenoma. ( 30766837 )	Goyal A...Khadgawat R	2018
6	Ectopic Cushing syndrome in small cell lung cancer: A case report and literature review. ( 28102935 )	Zhang H.Y....Zhao J.	2017
7	ECTOPIC CUSHING SYNDROME: A 10-YEAR EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN SOUTHERN INDIA. ( 28614007 )	Sathyakumar S....Thomas N.	2017
8	Successful percutaneous CT-guided microwave ablation of adrenal gland for ectopic Cushing syndrome. ( 27919009 )	Zener R....Mujoomdar A.	2017
9	Ectopic Cushing syndrome due to neuroendocrine prostatic cancer. ( 27170243 )	Shrosbree J....Greenfield J.R.	2016
10	Ectopic Cushing syndrome secondary to recurrent pancreatoblastoma in a child: Lessons learnt. ( 26881602 )	Qureshi S.S....Kembhavi S.A.	2015
11	Positive (68)Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT after cortisol level control during ketoconazole treatment in a patient with liver metastases from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and ectopic Cushing syndrome. ( 25168486 )	Davi' M.V....Francia G.	2015
12	Rapid response of hypercortisolism to vandetanib treatment in a patient with advanced medullary thyroid cancer and ectopic Cushing syndrome. ( 26331322 )	Pitoia F....Cross G.	2015
13	PET imaging in ectopic Cushing syndrome: a systematic review. ( 26206753 )	Santhanam P....Treglia G.	2015
14	Ectopic Cushing syndrome secondary to metastatic medullary thyroid cancer in a child with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2B: clues to early diagnosis of the paraneoplastic syndromes. ( 24859505 )	Singer K....Chen M.	2014
15	Ectopic Cushing syndrome associated with thymic carcinoid tumor as the first presentation of MEN1 syndrome-report of a family with MEN1 gene mutation. ( 24218143 )	Hasani-Ranjbar S....Amoli M.M.	2014
16	A challenging case of an ectopic cushing syndrome. ( 25431598 )	Menezes Nunes J....Bettencourt P.	2014
17	Tumor localization in ectopic Cushing syndrome using combined PET/CT imaging. ( 23816940 )	Bluemel C....Herrmann K.	2013
18	Severe ectopic cushing syndrome caused by adenoid cystic carcinoma of a salivary gland. ( 23757606 )	Alcantara V....Chico A.	2013
19	18F-DOPA PET/CT but not 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT revealed the underlying cause of ectopic Cushing syndrome. ( 22889786 )	Schalin-JAontti C....SeppAonen M.	2012
20	Fulminant ectopic Cushing syndrome in a patient with metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and Crohn's disease. ( 22286792 )	Gorshtein A....Grozinsky-Glasberg S.	2011
21	Spared adrenals: transient florid ectopic Cushing syndrome associated with necrosis of metastatic carcinoid. ( 20564793 )	Milanesi A....Yu R.	2010
22	Difficulties in diagnosis and management of ectopic Cushing syndrome. ( 18379368 )	Cho S....Jheon S.	2008
23	Multidisciplinary approach including receptor radionuclide therapy with 90Y-DOTATOC ([90Y-DOTA0, Tyr3]-octreotide) and 177Lu-DOTATATE ([177Lu-DOTA0, Tyr3]-octreotate) in ectopic cushing syndrome from a metastatic gastrinoma: a promising proposal. ( 18308661 )	DavA- M.V....Francia G.	2008
24	Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome complicating (ectopic) Cushing syndrome. ( 18580721 )	Vadlamudi R.S....Moorman J.P.	2008
25	Ectopic Cushing' syndrome caused by a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the mesentery. ( 16643652 )	Fasshauer M...Koch CA	2006

Sources

Genes for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Genes related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome (0 elite genes):

(show all 17)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	24.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	SST	Somatostatin	Protein Coding	21.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	SYP	Synaptophysin	Protein Coding	17.27	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	E2F1	E2F Transcription Factor 1	Protein Coding	16.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	S100B	S100 Calcium Binding Protein B	Protein Coding	16.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	RET	Ret Proto-Oncogene	Protein Coding	16.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	CRH	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	14.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	MEN1	Menin 1	Protein Coding	14.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	BCL10	BCL10 Immune Signaling Adaptor	Protein Coding	14.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
10	SMUG1	Single-Strand-Selective Monofunctional Uracil-DNA Glycosylase 1	Protein Coding	14.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	SSTR1	Somatostatin Receptor 1	Protein Coding	13.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
12	AVPR2	Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 2	Protein Coding	13.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	DNMT1	DNA Methyltransferase 1	Protein Coding	13.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	GHRL	Ghrelin And Obestatin Prepropeptide	Protein Coding	13.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
15	LOC108167315	POMC Promoter Region	Biological Region	6.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	SSR2	Signal Sequence Receptor Subunit 2	Protein Coding	5.81	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
17	SERPINA9	Serpin Family A Member 9	Protein Coding	5.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

Sources

Variations for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Sources

Expression for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome.

Sources

Pathways for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Pathways related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Neuroscience ⁴	11.56	POMC RET S100B SSTR1 SYP
2	G alpha (s) signalling events ⁶⁷	11.5	AVPR2 CRH POMC
3	Glucocorticoid Pathway (HPA Axis), Pharmacodynamics ⁶²	9.8	CRH POMC

Sources

GO Terms for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

Cellular components related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neuronal cell body	GO:0043025	8.92	CRH RET S100B SST

Biological processes related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	9.85	AVPR2 CRH GHRL POMC SST SSTR1
2	positive regulation of gene expression	GO:0010628	9.72	AVPR2 CRH DNMT1 E2F1 RET
3	decidualization	GO:0046697	9.46	GHRL MEN1
4	regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	GO:0048168	9.43	S100B SYP
5	response to pain	GO:0048265	9.4	CRH RET
6	hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway	GO:0008628	9.26	CRH SST
7	positive regulation of corticotropin secretion	GO:0051461	9.16	CRH GHRL
8	positive regulation of cortisol secretion	GO:0051464	8.96	CRH GHRL
9	negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep	GO:0042322	8.62	CRH GHRL

Molecular functions related to Ectopic Cushing Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hormone activity	GO:0005179	8.92	CRH GHRL POMC SST

Sources

Sources for Ectopic Cushing Syndrome

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FDA Approved Drugs

²⁰ FMA

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ Genetics Home Reference

²⁷ GenomeRNAi

²⁸ GEO DataSets

²⁹ GO

³⁰ GTR

³¹ HGMD

³² HMDB

³³ HPO

³⁴ ICD10

³⁵ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁶ ICD9CM

³⁷ IUPHAR

³⁸ KEGG

³⁹ LifeMap

⁴⁰ LncRNADisease

⁴¹ LOVD

⁴² MalaCards

⁴³ MedGen

⁴⁴ MedlinePlus

⁴⁵ MeSH

⁴⁶ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁷ MGI

⁴⁸ miR2Disease

⁴⁹ NCBI Bookshelf

⁵⁰ NCI

⁵¹ NCIt

⁵² NDF-RT

⁵³ NIH Clinical Center

⁵⁴ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁵ NINDS

⁵⁶ Novoseek

⁵⁷ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁸ OMIM

⁵⁹ OMIM via Orphanet

⁶⁰ Orphanet

⁶¹ PathCards

⁶² PharmGKB

⁶³ PubMed

⁶⁴ PubMed Health

⁶⁵ QIAGEN

⁶⁶ R&D Systems

⁶⁷ Reactome

⁶⁸ Sino Biological

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷¹ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷² TGDB

⁷³ Tocris

⁷⁴ UMLS

⁷⁵ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁶ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁷ Wikipedia