Empty Sella Syndrome disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

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Aliases & Classifications for Empty Sella Syndrome

MalaCards integrated aliases for Empty Sella Syndrome:

Name: Empty Sella Syndrome ¹¹ ¹⁹ ⁵² ⁷⁵ ⁴³ ¹⁴ ¹⁶ ⁷¹

Empty Sella Turcica ¹⁹

Empty Sella ⁵³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Endocrine diseases Neuronal diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:3642

MeSH ⁴³ D004652

NCIt ⁴⁹ C84686

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 393569006

EFO ¹⁶ EFO_1000914

UMLS ⁷¹ C0014008

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Summaries for Empty Sella Syndrome

NINDS: ⁵² Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) is a disorder that involves the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base of the brain that surrounds and protects the pituitary gland. ESS is often discovered during radiological imaging tests for pituitary disorders. ESS occurs in up to 25 percent of the population. An individual with ESS may have no symptoms or may have symptoms resulting from partial or complete loss of pituitary function (including headaches, low sex drive, and impotence). There are two types of ESS: primary and secondary. Primary ESS happens when a small anatomical defect above the pituitary gland allows spinal fluid to partially or completely fill the sella turcica. This causes the gland to flatten out along the interior walls of the sella turcica cavity. Individuals with primary ESS may have high levels of the hormone prolactin, which can interfere with the normal function of the testicles and ovaries. Primary ESS is most common in adults and women, and is often associated with obesity and high blood pressure. In some instances the pituitary gland may be smaller than usual; this may be due to a condition called pseudotumor cerebri (which means "false brain tumor," brought on by high pressure within the skull). In rare instances this high fluid pressure can be associated with drainage of spinal fluid through the nose. Secondary ESS is the result of the pituitary gland regressing within the cavity after an injury, surgery, or radiation therapy. Individuals with secondary ESS can sometimes have symptoms that reflect the loss of pituitary functions, such as the ceasing of menstrual periods, infertility, fatigue, and intolerance to stress and infection. In children, ESS may be associated with early onset of puberty, growth hormone deficiency, pituitary tumors, or pituitary gland dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are useful in evaluating ESS and for identifying underlying disorders that may be the cause of high fluid pressure.

MalaCards based summary: Empty Sella Syndrome, also known as empty sella turcica, is related to premature ovarian failure 7 and intracranial hypertension, idiopathic. An important gene associated with Empty Sella Syndrome is PRL (Prolactin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Translation Insulin regulation of translation and FOXO-mediated transcription. The drugs Insulin, Globin Zinc and Insulin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pituitary, brain and temporal lobe, and related phenotypes are nervous system and homeostasis/metabolism

GARD: ¹⁹ Empty sella syndrome (ESS) is a condition that involves the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base of the brain that protects the pituitary gland. There is a primary and secondary form of the condition. The primary form occurs when a structural defect above the pituitary gland increases pressure in the sella turcica and causes the gland to flatten. The secondary form occurs when the pituitary gland is damaged due to injury, a tumor, surgery or radiation therapy. Some people with ESS have no symptoms. People with secondary ESS may have symptoms of decreased pituitary function such as absence of menstruation, infertility, fatigue, and intolerance to stress and infection. In children, ESS may be associated with early onset of puberty, growth hormone deficiency, pituitary tumors, or pituitary gland dysfunction.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Empty sella syndrome is the condition when the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, filling the... more...

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Related Diseases for Empty Sella Syndrome

Diseases related to Empty Sella Syndrome via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 473)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	premature ovarian failure 7	31.1	POMC GH1
2	intracranial hypertension, idiopathic	31.1	POMC IGF1
3	precocious puberty	31.0	GNRH1 GH1
4	diabetes insipidus	30.9	PRL POMC INS GH1
5	galactorrhea	30.9	PRL IGF1
6	pituitary-dependent cushing's disease	30.5	TRH PRL POMC GH1
7	pituitary tumors	30.4	PROP1 PRL IGF1 GH1
8	central pontine myelinolysis	30.4	POMC INS
9	neurotic disorder	30.4	POMC INS
10	inappropriate adh syndrome	30.4	PRL POMC
11	ectopic cushing syndrome	30.3	PRL POMC
12	central diabetes insipidus	30.2	TRH PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1 GH1
13	chromophobe adenoma	30.2	TRH PRL POMC GH1
14	growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma	30.2	PRL POMC IGF1 GH1
15	acth-secreting pituitary adenoma	30.2	PRL POMC
16	myxedema	30.2	POMC INS
17	aspiration pneumonia	30.2	POMC INS
18	penis agenesis	30.2	IGFBP3 GNRH1
19	graves disease 1	30.2	TRH POMC INS
20	inguinal hernia	30.2	POMC INS GNRH1
21	hydrocephalus	30.1	PRL NPY IGFBP3 IGF1
22	migraine with or without aura 1	30.1	PRL POMC NPY INS
23	multiple endocrine neoplasia, type i	30.1	PRL POMC INS
24	alcohol use disorder	30.1	POMC NPY INS
25	fibrous dysplasia	30.1	PRL IGF1 GH1
26	hyperprolactinemia	30.0	TRH PRL POMC INS IGF1 GNRH1
27	pseudohypoparathyroidism	30.0	TRH PRL IGF1
28	central precocious puberty	30.0	POMC IGFBP3 IGF1 GNRH1
29	microvascular complications of diabetes 1	29.9	INS IGFBP3 IGF1
30	turner syndrome	29.9	INS IGFBP3 IGF1 GH1
31	mood disorder	29.9	TRH POMC NPY
32	goiter	29.9	TRH PRL INS IGF1
33	mccune-albright syndrome	29.9	PRL POMC IGF1 GH1
34	adenoma	29.9	TRH PRL POU1F1 POMC IGF1 GH1
35	chronic fatigue syndrome	29.8	POMC INS IGF1 GH1
36	conn's syndrome	29.8	TRH PRL POMC INS IGF1 GNRH1
37	premature menopause	29.8	PRL POMC INS IGF1 GNRH1
38	insulin-like growth factor i	29.8	PRL INS IGFBP3 IGF1 GH1
39	pituitary adenoma	29.8	TRH PRL POU1F1 POMC IGF1 GNRH1
40	hypogonadism	29.7	PROP1 PRL POMC INS IGF1 GNRH1
41	anovulation	29.7	PRL INS IGFBP3 IGF1 GNRH1
42	amenorrhea	29.7	TRH PRL POMC NPY INS IGF1
43	pituitary apoplexy	29.7	TRH PRL POMC INS IGF1 GNRH1
44	combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic forms	29.7	PROP1 POU1F1
45	islet cell tumor	29.6	POMC INS IGFBP3 IGF1
46	major depressive disorder	29.6	TRH PRL POMC NPY INS
47	pituitary infarct	29.6	TRH PRL POMC INS IGF1
48	type 1 diabetes mellitus	29.6	INS IGFBP3 IGF1 GH1
49	glucose intolerance	29.5	PRL POMC INS IGF1 GH1
50	hypogonadotropic hypogonadism	29.5	PROP1 PRL POMC INS IGF1 GNRH1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Empty Sella Syndrome:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Empty Sella Syndrome

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Empty Sella Syndrome:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.23	GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 IGFBP3 INS LHX3
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.1	GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 IGFBP3 INS LHX3
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10	GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 IGFBP3 INS LHX3
4	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.98	GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 INS NPY POMC
5	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	9.95	GH1 GNRH1 IGFBP3 INS NPY POMC
6	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	9.9	GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 IGFBP3 INS LHX3
7	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	9.85	GH1 IGF1 IGFBP3 INS NPY POMC
8	reproductive system	MP:0005389	9.56	GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 INS LHX3 POU1F1
9	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.17	GNRH1 IGF1 IGFBP3 INS NPY POU1F1

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Empty Sella Syndrome

Drugs for Empty Sella Syndrome (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Insulin, Globin Zinc

2

Insulin

3

Hormones

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	(Partial) Empty Sella - Incidental Finding or the Cause of Hormonal Dysregulation?	Unknown status	NCT04700020
2	Growth Hormone Deficiency, Empty Sella and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Obesity: a Cross-Sectional Study.	Completed	NCT02092779

Search NIH Clinical Center for Empty Sella Syndrome

Cochrane evidence based reviews: empty sella syndrome

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Genetic Tests for Empty Sella Syndrome

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Anatomical Context for Empty Sella Syndrome

Organs/tissues related to Empty Sella Syndrome:

MalaCards : Pituitary, Brain, Temporal Lobe, Thyroid, Hypothalamus, Bone, Myeloid

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Publications for Empty Sella Syndrome

Articles related to Empty Sella Syndrome:

(show top 50) (show all 1465)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	SAPHO syndrome with adrenal deficiency: a case report. ⁵³ ⁶²	Eyigor S...Kirazli Y	20184675	2009
2	Serum ghrelin levels in growth hormone-sufficient and growth hormone-deficient patients during growth hormone-releasing hormone plus arginine test. ⁵³ ⁶²	Tarantini B...Pacini F	19636202	2009
3	Magnetic resonance imaging of the hypothalamus-pituitary unit in childrensuspected of hypopituitarism: who, how and when toinvestigate. ⁵³ ⁶²	Maghnie M...Genovese E	15279086	2004
4	Pregnancy in hyperprolactinemic infertile women treated with vaginal bromocriptine: report of two cases and review of the literature. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ricci G...Guaschino S	11408739	2001
5	Assessment of GH/IGF-I axis in obesity by evaluation of IGF-I levels and the GH response to GHRH+arginine test. ⁵³ ⁶²	Maccario M...Ghigo E	10435851	1999
6	Recessive Robinow syndrome: with emphasis on endocrine functions. ⁵³ ⁶²	Soliman AT...Bedair SM	9826209	1998
7	[Serum levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor in women with empty sella]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Krzysiek JA...Opila J	9695643	1998
8	TSH and prolactin responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and domperidone in patients with empty sella syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Valensi P...Attali JR	8796337	1996
9	Opioid-dopaminergic interactions in primary empty sella. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mancini A...De Marinis L	8299703	1993
10	Macroprolactinomas with suprasellar extension: effect of bromocriptine withdrawal during one or more pregnancies. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ahmed M...Woodhouse NJ	1521641	1992
11	Surgery, dopamine agonist therapy of combined treatment--results in prolactinoma patients after a 12 month follow-up. ⁵³ ⁶²	Hildebrandt G...Roosen K	1414079	1992
12	Paradoxical prolactin response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in a patient with hyperprolactinemia and empty sella. ⁵³ ⁶²	Imai Y...Shishiba Y	1752237	1991
13	Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and prolactin in empty sella syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Maira G...Barbarino A	2107018	1990
14	Features of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension on MRI With MR Elastography: Prospective Comparison With Control Individuals and Assessment of Postintervention Changes. ⁶²	Cogswell PM...Chen JJ	35822642	2022
15	Demonstration of the inferior intercavernous sinus is closely linked to the extent of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus: useful information for the pituitary surgeon. ⁶²	Bonneville JF...Beckers A	35987843	2022
16	Normal or elevated prolactin is a good indicator to show pituitary stalk interruption syndrome in patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. ⁶²	Eren E...Tarim O	36136319	2022
17	The coexistence of newly diagnosed acromegaly with primary empty sella: More frequent than expected? ⁶²	Urhan E...Unluhizarci K	36427362	2022
18	Neuroimaging in the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial pressure disorders. ⁶²	Moreno ME...Del Carpio-O'Donovan R	36333629	2022
19	Successful Electroconvulsive Therapy in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension With Mood Disorder and Partial Empty Sella Syndrome. ⁶²	Parker MT...Carr BR	36215412	2022
20	The diagnostic value of cranial MRI findings in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: evaluating radiological parameters associated with intracranial pressure. ⁶²	Tascioglu T	34424106	2022
21	CT Cisternogram Findings in Idiopathic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks with Emphasis on Long Term Management. ⁶²	Velusamy A...Hameed N	36452803	2022
22	Approach to Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: Institutional Based Protocol. ⁶²	Ramakrishnan N...Chugh R	36452775	2022
23	Predictors of postoperative biochemical remission in lower Knosp grade growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: a large single center study. ⁶²	Zhang S...Mao Z	36125731	2022
24	Advances in the Understanding of the Complex Role of Venous Sinus Stenosis in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. ⁶²	Zhao K...Zhou H	35357056	2022
25	Clinical profile and ophthalmological manifestations of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in adults at a tertiary care center in India: A cross-sectional study. ⁶²	Chavan JM...Joseph M	36018128	2022
26	The Emptiness Within: A Case of Empty Sella Syndrome. ⁶²	Ahamed M A A...Prasannan P	36237776	2022
27	Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an illustrated guide for the trainee radiologist. ⁶²	Savastano LB...Reis F	36320371	2022
28	The sellar region as presenting theater for hematologic malignancies-A 17-year single-center experience. ⁶²	Pekic S...Petakov ?	35400679	2022
29	Leigh-Like Syndrome With a Novel, Complex Phenotype Due to m.10191T>C in Mt-ND3. ⁶²	Newstead SM...Finsterer J	36249637	2022
30	How I do it: endoscopic endonasal chiasmopexy for optic chiasm prolapse. ⁶²	Constanzo F...Schmidt T	35781540	2022
31	Case report: Primary empty Sella causing secondary adrenal insufficiency and severe yet asymptomatic hyponatremia. ⁶²	Lah S...Wakil A	35957779	2022
32	Empty sella and periodic mental symptoms: A report of two cases. ⁶²	Zhu X...Tan Y	35234075	2022
33	GH/IGF-1 axis in a large cohort of ß-thalassemia major adult patients: a cross-sectional study. ⁶²	Gagliardi I...Ambrosio MR	35305249	2022
34	Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Incidental Discovery Versus Symptomatic Presentation. ⁶²	Vosoughi AR...Micieli JA	35195544	2022
35	Utility of Neuroimaging in the Management of Chronic and Acute Headache. ⁶²	Lerner A...Go JL	35490044	2022
36	MR findings suggestive of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in 117 patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. ⁶²	Rupa V...Rajshekhar V	34677642	2022
37	Etiology and management of amenorrhea in adolescent and young adult women. ⁶²	Kerns J...Fisher M	35525789	2022
38	Trigeminal Neuralgia Secondary to Meckel's Cave Meningoencephaloceles: A Systematic Review and Illustrative Case. ⁶²	Martinez JL...Vandergrift Iii WA	35864609	2022
39	Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secreting pheochromocytoma. ⁶²	Naeem Durrani M...Popal U	35545311	2022
40	Bilateral Petrous Apex Cephalocele Associated with a Wide Sella. ⁶²	Dogan E...Ozgur E	34560743	2022
41	[Empty sella syndrome and/or normal tension glaucoma?] ⁶²	Bartmann IR...Mihailovic N	35482082	2022
42	A Rare Case of Sheehan Syndrome With Cardiac Tamponade. ⁶²	Zain A...Khan A	35607582	2022
43	Long delay in diagnosis of a case with MEN1 due to concomitant presence of AIMAH with insulinoma: a case report and literature review. ⁶²	Chavoshi V...Hadaegh F	35448982	2022
44	Different Cases of Short Stature. ⁶²	Sathyanarayanan...Dinesh S	35443324	2022
45	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with Weiss-Kruszka syndrome: Casual or causal association? ⁶²	Pellino G...Russo A	35182807	2022
46	Altered pituitary morphology as a sign of benign hereditary chorea caused by TITF1/NKX2.1 mutations. ⁶²	Thust S...Giunti P	35079915	2022
47	A Unique Subset: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Presenting as Spontaneous CSF Leak of the Anterior Skull Base. ⁶²	Hong CS...Omay SB	35433188	2022
48	Clinical and Radiological Profile of 122 Cases of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in a Tertiary Care Centre of India: An Observational Study. ⁶²	Sharma B...Goel D	35532643	2022
49	Population-Based Evaluation of Indirect Signs of Increased Intracranial Pressure. ⁶²	Witsberger EM...Chen JJ	34334756	2022
50	Camurati-Engelmann Disease Complicated by Hypopituitarism: Management Challenges and Literature Review of Outcomes With Bisphosphonates. ⁶²	Das L...Bhadada SK	35415221	2022

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Genes for Empty Sella Syndrome

Genes related to Empty Sella Syndrome (0 elite genes):

(show all 12)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	PRL	Prolactin	Protein Coding	25.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	1521641 8796337 1752237 (more) 8299703 20184675 11408739 2107018 1414079 9695643
2	GH1	Growth Hormone 1	Protein Coding	19.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19636202
3	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	15.4	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	TRH	Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	14.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	IGF1	Insulin Like Growth Factor 1	Protein Coding	13.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	9826209 9695643 10435851
6	INS	Insulin	Protein Coding	13.17	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	GNRH1	Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone 1	Protein Coding	13.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	IGFBP3	Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3	Protein Coding	12.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	PROP1	PROP Paired-Like Homeobox 1	Protein Coding	12.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15279086
10	NPY	Neuropeptide Y	Protein Coding	11.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	POU1F1	POU Class 1 Homeobox 1	Protein Coding	11.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15279086
12	LHX3	LIM Homeobox 3	Protein Coding	11.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15279086

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Variations for Empty Sella Syndrome

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Expression for Empty Sella Syndrome

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Empty Sella Syndrome.

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Pathways for Empty Sella Syndrome

Pathways related to Empty Sella Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 11)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Translation Insulin regulation of translation ²² Show member pathways Butyrate-induced histone acetylation ⁷⁴ Cell adhesion PLAU signaling ²² Development CNTF receptor signaling ²² Development Growth hormone signaling via PI3K/AKT and MAPK cascades ²² Overview of perturbations to host-cell autophagy, induced by distinct proteins of SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴ Regulation of lipid metabolism Insulin signaling-generic cascades ²² Transcription Receptor-mediated HIF regulation ²² Translation Regulation of EIF2 activity ²² Translation Regulation of EIF4F activity ²² Translation inhibitors in chronically activated PDGFRA cells ⁷⁴	12.41	INS IGFBP3 IGF1 GH1
2	FOXO-mediated transcription ⁶⁶ Show member pathways FOXO-mediated transcription of cell cycle genes ⁶⁶ FOXO-mediated transcription of cell death genes ⁶⁶ FOXO-mediated transcription of oxidative stress, metabolic and neuronal genes ⁶⁶ Regulation of FOXO transcriptional activity by acetylation ⁶⁶ Regulation of localization of FOXO transcription factors ⁶⁶	11.82	POMC NPY INS
3	Adipogenesis ⁷⁴	11.73	INS IGF1 GH1
4	Senescence and autophagy in cancer ⁷⁴	11.6	INS IGFBP3 IGF1
5	Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	11.52	INS IGFBP3 IGF1
6	Peptide hormone metabolism ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Glycoprotein hormones ⁶⁶ Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins ⁶⁶ Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins ⁷⁴ Peptide hormone biosynthesis ⁶⁶ Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of Ghrelin ⁶⁶ thyroid hormone biosynthesis ⁶¹	11.49	POMC INS IGF1 GH1
7	Thyroid hormones production and peripheral downstream signaling effects ⁷⁴	11.42	TRH POMC NPY
8	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ⁶¹	11.32	PRL POU1F1 POMC
9	Prader-Willi and Angelman syndrome ⁷⁴	11.11	POMC INS GNRH1
10	Development_Leptin signaling via JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades ²² Show member pathways phospho-PLA2 pathway ⁶⁶	10.97	TRH POMC
11	Antipsychotics Pathway (Metabolic Side Effects), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.23	PRL POMC NPY INS

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GO Terms for Empty Sella Syndrome

Cellular components related to Empty Sella Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	10.22	PRL POMC NPY INS IGFBP3 IGF1
2	extracellular region	GO:0005576	10.21	GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 IGFBP3 INS NPY
3	insulin-like growth factor ternary complex	GO:0042567	9.46	IGFBP3 IGF1
4	insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex	GO:0016942	9.26	IGFBP3 IGF1
5	endosome lumen	GO:0031904	9.1	PRL INS GH1

Biological processes related to Empty Sella Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.86	TRH POMC INS GNRH1
2	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	GO:0014068	9.8	INS IGF1 GH1
3	positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	GO:0045725	9.67	INS IGF1
4	adenohypophysis development	GO:0021984	9.33	PROP1 POU1F1
5	somatotropin secreting cell differentiation	GO:0060126	9.26	PROP1 LHX3
6	positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:0043568	9.1	IGFBP3 IGF1 GH1

Molecular functions related to Empty Sella Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hormone activity	GO:0005179	9.5	TRH PRL POMC NPY INS IGF1
2	insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	GO:0005159	9.46	INS IGF1
3	prolactin receptor binding	GO:0005148	9.26	PRL GH1

Sources

Sources for Empty Sella Syndrome

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: EMP001 MIFTS: 42	Empty Sella Syndrome Categories: Endocrine diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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