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Epidemic Typhus

Categories: Infectious diseases, Rare diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Epidemic Typhus

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Epidemic Typhus:

IMPROVED
Name: Epidemic Typhus 11 19 58 2 14 75 33
Typhus 11 19 75 53 14 16 71
Typhus Fever 11 75 31 33
Epidemic Louse-Borne Typhus Fever Due to Rickettsia Prowazekii 11 31 33
Murine Typhus 11 19 33
Epidemic Louse-Borne Typhus 11 33
Endemic Flea-Borne Typhus 11 71
Brill-Zinsser Disease 19 71
Endemic Typhus Fever 11 33
Louse-Borne Typhus 11 33
Flea-Borne Typhus 11 33
Classical Typhus 11 33
Endemic Typhus 19 33
Mexican Typhus 11 33
Urban Typhus 11 33
Famine Fever 11 33
Shop Typhus 11 33
Jail Fever 11 19
Epidemic Typhus Fever Due to Rickettsia Prowazekii 33
Mite-Borne Typhus Due to Rickettsia Tsutsugamushi 33
Rickettsia Tsutsugamushi Rickettsiosis 33
Typhus Group Rickettsial Disease 71
Typhus Due to Rickettsia Typhi 33
Rickettsia Typhi Rickettsiosis 33
Louse-Borne [epidemic] Typhus 11
Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne 71
Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne 43
Murine Endemic Flea Typhus 33
Exanthematic Typhus Fever 11
Louse-Borne Rickettsiosis 11
Flea-Borne Rickettsiosis 11
Louse-Borne Typhus Fever 33
Murine Flea-Borne Typhus 33
Murine [endemic] Typhus 11
Scrub Mite-Borne Typhus 33
Flea-Borne Typhus Fever 33
Classical Typhus Fever 33
Louse-Borne Tabardillo 33
Typhus Exanthematique 11
Tsutsugamushi Disease 33
Epidemic Typhus Fever 33
Endemic Murine Typhus 33
Flea-Borne Tabardillo 33
Exanthematous Typhus 11
Japanese River Fever 33
Sumatran Mite Typhus 33
Tsutsugamushi Fever 33
Sumatran Mite Fever 33
Epidemic Typhus 11
Mite-Borne Typhus 33
Typhus Fever Nos 33
Sylvatic Typhus 11
European Typhus 11
Petechial Fever 11
Rat Flea Typhus 11
Relapsing Fever 71
Tropical Typhus 33
Japanese Typhus 33
Hospital Fever 11
Moscow Typhus 11
Tsutsugamushi 33
Mexican Fever 33
Mooser Bodies 33
Kedani Typhus 33
Prison Fever 11
Scrub Typhus 33
Kedani Fever 33
Flea Typhus 11
Ship Fever 11
Typhus Nos 33
Rat Typhus 33

Characteristics:


Age Of Onset:

All ages 58

Age Of Death:

any age 58

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Infectious diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 31 32
ICD11: 33
Orphanet: 58  
Rare infectious diseases


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 11 DOID:0050480 DOID:11256
ICD9CM 34 080 081.0 081.9
MESH via Orphanet 44 D014438
ICD10 via Orphanet 32 A75.0
UMLS via Orphanet 72 C0041473
Orphanet 58 ORPHA83314
UMLS 71 C0006181 C0035021 C0041471 more
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Summaries for Epidemic Typhus

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CDC: 2 Epidemic typhus, also called louse-borne typhus, is an uncommon disease caused by a bacteria called Rickettsia prowazekii. Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice. Though epidemic typhus was responsible for millions of deaths in previous centuries, it is now considered a rare disease. Occasionally, cases continue to occur, in areas where extreme overcrowding is common and body lice can travel from one person to another. In the United States, rare cases of epidemic typhus, called sylvatic typhus, can occur. These cases occur when people are exposed to flying squirrels and their nests

MalaCards based summary: Epidemic Typhus, also known as typhus, is related to indian tick typhus and pediculus humanus corporis infestation, and has symptoms including high fever, cough and rash. An important gene associated with Epidemic Typhus is AFF2 (ALF Transcription Elongation Factor 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways is Network map of SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathway. The drugs Azithromycin and Doxycycline have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include endothelial, t cells and kidney.

Disease Ontology 11 Epidemic typhus: A typhus that has material basis in Rickettsia prowazekii, which is transmitted by human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis). The infection has symptom high fever, has symptom cough, has symptom rash, has symptom severe muscle pain, has symptom chills, has symptom falling blood pressure, has symptom stupor, has symptom sensitivity to light, and has symptom delirium.

Typhus: A primary bacterial infectious disease that refers to a group of diseases, located in endothelial cells of the small venous, arterial, and capillary vessels, has material basis in Rickettsia bacteria, which are transmitted by lice, transmitted by fleas, and transmitted by mites.

Orphanet: 58 A Rickettsial disease characterized by malaise and vague symptoms before the onset of high fever, headache, severe myalgias and less commonly petechial rash on the trunk and limbs, nausea, vomiting, coughing and pneumonia. Most patients also have some central nervous system disturbances, such as meningeal irritation, confusion, drowsiness, seizures, coma, and hearing loss.

GARD: 19 group of acute, arthropod borne infections caused by rickettsiae; includes epidemic (classic or louse-borne) typhus, its recrudescent form, and murine (endemic or flea-borne) typhus; all are characterized by severe headache, chills, high fever, stupor, and rash.

Wikipedia 75 Epidemic typhus: Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease... more...

Typhus: Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus,... more...
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Related Diseases for Epidemic Typhus

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Diseases related to Epidemic Typhus via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 744)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 indian tick typhus 32.5 PPP1R14A PLEKHG4 CS AFF2
2 pediculus humanus corporis infestation 32.0 PPP1R14A MT-CYB MT-CO1 CS AFF2
3 israeli tick typhus 32.0 SPTBN2 PPP1R14A PLEKHG4 CS
4 brill-zinsser disease 31.5 XRCC6 SPTBN2 SLC36A2 PLEKHG4 GLRX5 FMN1
5 endemic typhus 30.8 XRCC6 SPTBN2 SLC36A2 PPP1R14A PLEKHG4 MT-CYB
6 dengue disease 30.7 GPT CD8A CD4
7 trench fever 30.7 MT-CYB MT-CO1 HSPD1 CS
8 plague 30.6 MT-CYB CD8A CD4
9 aseptic meningitis 30.6 CRP CD8A CD4
10 relapsing fever 30.5 MT-CYB HSPD1 CRP
11 meningoencephalitis 30.5 CRP CD8A CD4
12 transverse myelitis 30.5 CRP CD8A CD4
13 scrub typhus 30.5 TCN2 GPT CRP
14 typhoid fever 30.4 TCN2 GPT CRP
15 endocarditis 30.4 HTRA1 HSPD1 CRP
16 kawasaki disease 30.4 HSPD1 GPT CRP
17 urinary tract infection 30.3 GPT CRP CD4
18 chlamydia 30.3 HTRA1 HSPD1 CRP
19 ornithosis 30.3 HTRA1 HSPD1 CRP
20 bacterial sepsis 30.3 CRP CD8A CD4
21 interstitial nephritis 30.3 CRP CD8A CD4
22 common cold 30.3 CRP CD8A CD4
23 neuroretinitis 30.2 CRP CD4
24 optic papillitis 30.2 CRP CD4
25 boutonneuse fever 30.2 SPTBN2 PPP1R14A PLEKHG4 HTRA1 HSPD1 CS
26 acute cholangitis 30.2 GPT CRP
27 exanthem 30.2 GPT CRP CD8A CD4
28 human granulocytic anaplasmosis 30.2 HSPD1 GPT CS
29 visceral leishmaniasis 30.2 MT-CYB CD8A CD4
30 orchitis 30.1 CRP CD8A CD4
31 pericardial effusion 30.1 GPT CRP CD4
32 tularemia 30.1 HSPD1 CD8A CD4
33 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 30.1 HSPD1 CRP CD8A CD4
34 acalculous cholecystitis 30.1 GPT CRP CD4
35 hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 30.1 GPT CRP CD8A CD4
36 bilirubin metabolic disorder 30.1 GPT CRP CD8A CD4
37 queensland tick typhus 30.1 SPTBN2 SLC36A2 PLEKHG4 CS AFF2
38 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 30.0 HSPD1 CRP CD4
39 dengue hemorrhagic fever 30.0 GPT CD8A CD4
40 disease by infectious agent 30.0 HSPD1 GPT CRP CD8A CD4
41 myoglobinuria 30.0 MT-CYB MT-CO1 GPT
42 alcohol use disorder 30.0 GPT CRP CD4
43 japanese spotted fever 30.0 SLC36A2 PPP1R14A PLEKHG4 HTRA1 CS CRP
44 middle east respiratory syndrome 30.0 CRP CD8A CD4
45 bronchopneumonia 29.9 GPT CRP CD8A CD4
46 chickenpox 29.9 GPT CRP CD8A CD4
47 pharyngitis 29.9 GPT CRP CD8A CD4
48 pyomyositis 29.9 CRP CD4
49 deficiency anemia 29.9 TCN2 GPT CRP CD8A CD4
50 pfeiffer syndrome 29.9 CRP CD8A CD4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Epidemic Typhus:



Diseases related to Epidemic Typhus
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Epidemic Typhus

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Symptoms:

11
  • • high fever
  • • cough
  • • rash
  • • severe muscle pain
  • • chills
  • • falling blood pressure
  • • stupor
  • • sensitivity to light
  • • delirium

UMLS symptoms related to Epidemic Typhus:


recurrent fevers
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Epidemic Typhus

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Drugs for Epidemic Typhus (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 19)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Azithromycin Approved Phase 4 83905-01-5 447043
2
Doxycycline Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 564-25-0 54671203
3 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4
4 Antimalarials Phase 4
5 Antiprotozoal Agents Phase 4
6 Antibiotics, Antitubercular Phase 4
7 Antiparasitic Agents Phase 4
8 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 4
9
Telithromycin Approved Phase 3 191114-48-4 70789201 3002190 5462516
10
Rifampicin Approved 13292-46-1 135512673 5381226 135900090
11
Ethanol Approved 64-17-5 702
12 Vaccines
13 Antitubercular Agents
14 Antibodies
15 Immunologic Factors
16 Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
17 Immunoglobulins
18 Immunoglobulin M
19 Immunoglobulin G

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 11)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 The Scrub Typhus Antibiotic Resistance Trial (START) Comparing Doxycycline and Azithromycin Treatment Modalities in Areas of Reported Antimicrobial Resistance for Scrub Typhus Recruiting NCT03083197 Phase 4 Doxycycline 7 days;Doxycycline 3 days;Azithromycin 3 days
2 Phase 3 Study of Controlled Trial: 5-day Course of Telithromycin Versus Doxycycline for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Scrub Typhus Completed NCT00351182 Phase 3 Telithromycin;Doxycycline
3 Post Exposure Treatment With Doxycycline for the Prevention of Relapsing Fever Completed NCT00237016 Phase 2, Phase 3 doxycycline treatment
4 Eschar Investigations to Improve Diagnostics, Understand Early Immune Responses and Characterize Strains for Vaccines in Scrub Typhus Completed NCT02915861
5 The Clinical Epidemiology of Scrub Typhus in Humans, Chiggers and Rodents Completed NCT02876367
6 Controlled Trial: 5-day Course of Rifampin Versus Doxycycline for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Scrub Typhus Completed NCT00568711 doxycycline;rifampin
7 A Multicentre Observational Study to Describe the Prevalence of Scrub Typhus Defined as a Positive Rapid Diagnostic Test Among Selected Patients Presenting With Fever to Clinics in Myanmar Completed NCT03269266
8 The Natural Immune Response In Pediatric Scrub Typhus In Chiangrai Completed NCT02398162
9 Evaluation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) in Association With Clinical and Laboratory Predictors for the Diagnosis of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) in Patients Presenting With Persistent Fever (≥1 Week) in Cambodia, Nepal, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan Completed NCT01766830
10 Prediction and Early Diagnosis for Cardiovascular Disease Complicated by Scrub Typhus Infection Recruiting NCT03274869
11 The Epidemiology Of Scrub Typhus And Rickettsial Infections In A Highly Endemic Rural Setting In South India: Population-Based Cohort Study Active, not recruiting NCT04506944

Search NIH Clinical Center for Epidemic Typhus

Cochrane evidence based reviews: typhus, endemic flea-borne

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Genetic Tests for Epidemic Typhus

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Anatomical Context for Epidemic Typhus

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Organs/tissues related to Epidemic Typhus:

MalaCards : Endothelial, T Cells, Kidney, Liver, Bone Marrow, Skin, Small Intestine
Sources

Publications for Epidemic Typhus

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Articles related to Epidemic Typhus:

(show top 50) (show all 6288)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Elevation of serum transcobalamin II in patients with scrub typhus. 53 62
15906652 2005
2
Persistently elevated serum transcobalamin II in a patient with cerebral malaria and typhus infections. 53 62
7622977 1995
3
A Menace without Specific Feature - Scrub Typhus a Reemerging Disease. 62
35057595 2022
4
Is Hyperuricemia a Marker of Severity of Disease in Scrub Typhus? 62
35057592 2022
5
Climate drives the spatiotemporal dynamics of scrub typhus in China. 62
36056457 2022
6
Scrub Typhus Associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). 62
35881216 2022
7
Murine typhus complicated by sHLH mimicking adult-onset Still's disease. 62
35697578 2022
8
A rare case of acute abdomen in a child with scrub typhus. 62
35786108 2022
9
Lice and lice-borne diseases in humans in Africa: A narrative review. 62
36198330 2022
10
Renewed Risk for Epidemic Typhus Related to War and Massive Population Displacement, Ukraine. 62
36007931 2022
11
Clinical outcomes of doxycycline, azithromycin and chloramphenicol for the treatment of patients with severe scrub typhus. 62
35934229 2022
12
Revisiting scrub typhus: A neglected tropical disease. 62
36252451 2022
13
Murine Typhus-Induced Myocarditis. 62
35576998 2022
14
Purpura fulminans in probable scrub typhus group of rickettsioses from hilly region in Nepal - A case report. 62
36268303 2022
15
Epidemiological, clinical and genetic characterization of scrub typhus in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in New Delhi. 62
35953350 2022
16
Evaluation of an in-house PCR for diagnosing scrub typhus along with a preliminary study of genotypic characterization of Orientia tsutshugamushi circulating in Chhattisgarh: A prospective clinico-microbiological study. 62
36050139 2022
17
Orientia tsutsugamushi in Chiggers and Small Mammals in Laos. 62
36255415 2022
18
Ship fever, confinement, and the racialization of disease. 62
35998409 2022
19
Corallopyronin A: antimicrobial discovery to preclinical development. 62
35730490 2022
20
Gene expression and involvement of signaling pathways during host-pathogen interplay in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. 62
35860421 2022
21
Investigation of chigger mites on small mammals in Ruili, Yunnan Province, China. 62
36214444 2022
22
Incidence of tick-borne spotted fever group Rickettsia species in rodents in two regions in Kazakhstan. 62
36050456 2022
23
Is vertical transmission the only pathway for Rickettsia felis? 62
35702810 2022
24
Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of scrub typhus in Fujian province during 2012-2020. 62
36174105 2022
25
Meningoencephalitis: A Rare Presentation of Scrub Typhus. 62
36176481 2022
26
A rare presentation of scrub typhus: myocarditis, acute liver failure and leukemoid reaction. 62
36176945 2022
27
Predictors of Severity of Scrub Typhus in Children Requiring Pediatric Intensive Care Admission. 62
35928038 2022
28
Epidemiology of scrub typhus in a tertiary care hospital of Southern Odisha: a cross sectional study. 62
36192256 2022
29
The efficacy and tolerability of antibiotics in scrub typhus: an updated network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 62
35724826 2022
30
Scrub Typhus Meningoencephalitis: An Overlooked Entity. 62
36133506 2022
31
Human case of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in Eastern Taiwan. 62
36096862 2022
32
Neurological Manifestations of Scrub Typhus. 62
35727462 2022
33
Profile of Children with Kawasaki Disease Associated with Tropical Infections. 62
34935098 2022
34
Infectious causes of acute encephalitis syndrome hospitalizations in Central India, 2018-20. 62
35687988 2022
35
A time-course comparative clinical and immune response evaluation study between the human pathogenic Orientia tsutsugamushi strains: Karp and Gilliam in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model. 62
35925895 2022
36
Involvement of Pore Formation and Osmotic Lysis in the Rapid Killing of Gamma Interferon-Pretreated C166 Endothelial Cells by Rickettsia prowazekii. 62
36006255 2022
37
A Historical Review of Military Medical Strategies for Fighting Infectious Diseases: From Battlefields to Global Health. 62
36009598 2022
38
Mixed genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in conserved genes and a single immune-dominant tsa56 genotype discovered from a patient with scrub typhus in Hainan Island, China: a case report. 62
35986264 2022
39
Scrub Typhus Presenting as Acute Flaccid Paralysis in a Child: A Differential to Be Included in a Common Presentation. 62
36120204 2022
40
Murine Typhus in Latin America: Perspectives of a Once Recognized but Now Neglected Vector-Borne Disease. 62
35970287 2022
41
Scrub typhus seroprevalence from an eastern state of India: findings from the state-wide serosurvey. 62
35947959 2022
42
Prevalence, clinico-laboratory features, and the functional outcome of children with scrub typhus meningoencephalitis-a cohort study. 62
36150144 2022
43
Acute Pancreatitis, Shock, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Scrub Typhus. 62
36158374 2022
44
Successful Application of Team Resource Management in Scrub Typhus Infection with Septic Shock. 62
36078399 2022
45
Identification and genetic diversity analysis of Rickettsia in Dermacentor nuttalli within inner Mongolia, China. 62
35934699 2022
46
Doxycycline responding illnesses in returning travellers with undifferentiated non-malaria fever: a european multicenter prospective cohort study. 62
35932455 2022
47
Development of paper-based DNA sensor for detection of O. tsutsugamushi using sustainable [email protected] nanocomposite. 62
35395271 2022
48
Mites, rodents, and pathogens: A global review for a multi-species interaction in disease ecology. 62
35569525 2022
49
Molecular detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains circulating in Nagaland. 62
35527118 2022
50
OtDUB from the Human Pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi Modulates Host Membrane Trafficking by Multiple Mechanisms. 62
35727026 2022
Sources

Variations for Epidemic Typhus

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Expression for Epidemic Typhus

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Epidemic Typhus.
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Pathways for Epidemic Typhus

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Pathways related to Epidemic Typhus according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Network map of SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathway 74
Show member pathways
 10.69 CRP CD8A CD4
Sources

GO Terms for Epidemic Typhus

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Biological processes related to Epidemic Typhus according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 T cell activation GO:0042110 9.1 HSPD1 CD8A CD4
Sources

Sources for Epidemic Typhus

About this section
2 CDC
6 CNVD
8 Cosmic
9 dbSNP
10 DGIdb
16 EFO
17 ExPASy
18 FMA
19 GARD
27 GO
28 GTR
29 HMDB
30 HPO
31 ICD10
32 ICD10 via Orphanet
33 ICD11
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 LifeMap
38 LOVD
40 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
52 NINDS
53 Novoseek
55 ODiseA
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 24-Oct-2022)
61 PubChem
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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