Epileptic Encephalopathy, Early Infantile, 1 (EIEE1)

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Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0080468 OMIM 56 308350 OMIM Phenotypic Series 56 PS308350 MeSH 43 D013036 ICD10 via Orphanet 33 G25.3 G40.4

Orphanet 58 ORPHA3175 ORPHA364063 MedGen 41 C0037769 C2931919 C3463992 SNOMED-CT via HPO 68 16046003 192992007 221360009 228156007 230145002 230456007 247578003 267036007 267581004 271611007 28055006 288939007 37356005 397790002 40739000 41581000 43105007 50582007 56731001 86854008 91138005 9748009 more UMLS 71 C2931919 C3463992

Genetics Home Reference : ²⁵ Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 1 (EIEE1) is a seizure disorder characterized by a type of seizure known as infantile spasms. The spasms usually appear before the age of 1. Several types of spasms have been described, but the most commonly reported type involves bending at the waist and neck and extending the arms and legs (sometimes called a jackknife spasm). Each spasm lasts only seconds, but they occur in clusters several minutes long. Although individuals do not usually have spasms while they are sleeping, the spasms commonly occur just after awakening. Infantile spasms usually stop by age 5, but many children then develop other types of seizures that recur throughout their lives. Most babies with EIEE1 have characteristic results on an electroencephalogram (EEG), a test used to measure the electrical activity of the brain. The EEG of these individuals typically shows an irregular pattern known as hypsarrhythmia, and this finding can help differentiate infantile spasms from other types of seizures. Because of the recurrent seizures, babies with EIEE1 stop developing normally and begin to lose skills they have acquired (developmental regression), such as sitting, rolling over, and babbling. Most affected individuals also have intellectual disability throughout their lives.

MalaCards based summary : Epileptic Encephalopathy, Early Infantile, 1, also known as infantile epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy, is related to epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 17 and encephalopathy, and has symptoms including dyspnea, muscle spasticity and myoclonic seizures. An important gene associated with Epileptic Encephalopathy, Early Infantile, 1 is ARX (Aristaless Related Homeobox), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Neuroscience and GABAergic synapse. Affiliated tissues include brain and testes, and related phenotypes are intellectual disability and spasticity

Disease Ontology : ¹² An early infantile epileptic encephalopathy characterized by X-linked recessive inheritance that has material basis in mutation in the ARX gene on chromosome Xp21.

OMIM : ⁵⁶ Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy is a severe form of epilepsy first reported by Ohtahara et al. (1976). It is characterized by frequent tonic seizures or spasms beginning in infancy with a specific EEG finding of suppression-burst patterns, characterized by high-voltage bursts alternating with almost flat suppression phases. Approximately 75% of EIEE patients progress to 'West syndrome,' which is characterized by tonic spasms with clustering, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia on EEG (Kato et al., 2007). Deprez et al. (2009) reviewed the genetics of epilepsy syndromes starting in the first year of life and included a diagnostic algorithm. EIEE1 is part of a phenotypic spectrum of disorders caused by mutation in the ARX gene comprising a nearly continuous series of developmental disorders ranging from lissencephaly (LISX2; 300215) to Proud syndrome (300004) to infantile spasms without brain malformations (EIEE1) to syndromic (309510) and nonsyndromic (300419) mental retardation. Although males with ARX mutations are often more severely affected, female mutation carriers may also be affected (Kato et al., 2004; Wallerstein et al., 2008). (308350)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : ⁷³ Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 1: A severe form of epilepsy characterized by frequent tonic seizures or spasms beginning in infancy with a specific EEG finding of suppression-burst patterns, characterized by high-voltage bursts alternating with almost flat suppression phases. Patients may progress to West syndrome, which is characterized by tonic spasms with clustering, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia on EEG.

Clinical features from OMIM:

308350

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