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MCID: GLC096
MIFTS: 47

Galactorrhea

Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Galactorrhea

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Galactorrhea:

Name: Galactorrhea 58 77 38 30 74
Galactorrhea Not Associated with Childbirth 74
Galactorrhea Associated with Childbirth 74

Characteristics:

OMIM:

58
Inheritance:
autosomal recessive


HPO:

33
galactorrhea:
Inheritance autosomal recessive inheritance


External Ids:

OMIM 58 230300
KEGG 38 H01607
MedGen 43 C3665358
SNOMED-CT via HPO 70 258211005 287085006 42030000
Sources

Summaries for Galactorrhea

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MalaCards based summary : Galactorrhea, also known as galactorrhea not associated with childbirth, is related to pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting and hyperprolactinemia, and has symptoms including nipple discharge, signs and symptoms in breast and female endocrine problem. An important gene associated with Galactorrhea is PRL (Prolactin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Adipogenesis. The drugs Zinc and Aripiprazole have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include breast, pituitary and testes, and related phenotypes are abnormality of the thorax and galactorrhea

Wikipedia : 77 Galactorrhea (also spelled galactorrhoea) (galacto- + -rrhea) or lactorrhea (lacto- + -rrhea) is the... more...

Description from OMIM: 230300
Sources

Related Diseases for Galactorrhea

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Diseases related to Galactorrhea via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 131)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting 31.7 DRD2 IGF1 PRL
2 hyperprolactinemia 31.6 DRD2 IGF1 PRL PRLR
3 acromegaly 30.0 IGF1 PRL
4 pituitary tumors 30.0 IGF1 PRL
5 prolactin producing pituitary tumor 29.9 DRD2 PRL
6 empty sella syndrome 29.8 IGF1 PRL
7 chromophobe adenoma 29.8 PRL PRLR
8 craniopharyngioma 29.7 IGF1 PRL
9 neuroleptic malignant syndrome 29.7 CYP2D6 DRD2
10 hypopituitarism 29.7 IGF1 PRL
11 mccune-albright syndrome 29.6 IGF1 PRL
12 pituitary gland disease 29.5 IGF1 PRL
13 polycystic ovary syndrome 29.5 IGF1 PRL
14 obsessive-compulsive disorder 29.3 CYP2D6 DRD2 PRL
15 schizophrenia 28.7 CYP2D6 DRD2 PRL
16 amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome 12.2
17 galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia 11.6
18 ahumada del castillo syndrome 11.6
19 amenorrhea 10.9
20 hypothyroidism 10.5
21 gynecomastia 10.3
22 unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney 10.2
23 adenoma 10.2
24 schizophreniform disorder 10.1 DRD2 PRL
25 social phobia 10.1 DRD2 PRL
26 peripartum cardiomyopathy 10.1 DRD2 PRL
27 functioning pituitary adenoma 10.1 DRD2 PRL
28 infant gynecomastia 10.1
29 infertility 10.1
30 migraine without aura 10.1 DRD2 PRL
31 cocaine abuse 10.1 DRD2 PRL
32 personality disorder 10.1 DRD2 PRL
33 delusional disorder 10.0 CYP2D6 DRD2
34 schizoaffective disorder 10.0 DRD2 PRL
35 tardive dyskinesia 10.0 CYP2D6 DRD2
36 alcohol abuse 10.0 DRD2 PRL
37 gastroparesis 10.0 CYP2D6 DRD2
38 hypogonadism 10.0
39 diabetes insipidus 10.0
40 pituitary infarct 10.0 IGF1 PRL
41 pseudohypoparathyroidism, type ia 10.0 IGF1 PRL
42 sheehan syndrome 10.0 IGF1 PRL
43 mammographic density 10.0 IGF1 PRL
44 hyperpituitarism 10.0 IGF1 PRL
45 pituitary adenoma 1, multiple types 9.9 IGF1 PRL
46 fibromyalgia 9.9 IGF1 PRL
47 hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 4 9.9 IGF1 PRL
48 breast cancer 9.9
49 diabetes mellitus, ketosis-prone 9.9
50 leukemia 9.9

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Galactorrhea:



Diseases related to Galactorrhea
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Galactorrhea

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Human phenotypes related to Galactorrhea:

33
# Description HPO Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 abnormality of the thorax 33 HP:0000765
2 galactorrhea 33 HP:0100829
3 abnormality of the genitourinary system 33 HP:0000119

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

58
Thorax:
nonpuerperal galactorrhea

G U:
oligoovulation

Clinical features from OMIM:

230300

UMLS symptoms related to Galactorrhea:


nipple discharge, signs and symptoms in breast, female endocrine problem, discharge, nipple, female

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Galactorrhea:

47
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 9.56 DRD2 IGF1 PRL PRLR
2 integument MP:0010771 9.46 DRD2 IGF1 PRL PRLR
3 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.26 DRD2 IGF1 PRL PRLR
4 reproductive system MP:0005389 8.92 DRD2 IGF1 PRL PRLR
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Galactorrhea

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Drugs for Galactorrhea (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 24)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Zinc Approved, Investigational Not Applicable 7440-66-6 32051
2
Aripiprazole Approved, Investigational Not Applicable 129722-12-9 60795
3
Dopamine Approved Not Applicable 62-31-7, 51-61-6 681
4
Risperidone Approved, Investigational 106266-06-2 5073
5 Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Not Applicable
6 Radiopharmaceuticals Not Applicable
7 Dopamine Antagonists Not Applicable
8 Tranquilizing Agents Not Applicable
9 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists Not Applicable
10 Antipsychotic Agents Not Applicable
11 Dopamine Agents Not Applicable
12 Antidepressive Agents Not Applicable
13 Central Nervous System Depressants Not Applicable
14 Dopamine agonists Not Applicable
15 Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists Not Applicable
16 Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists Not Applicable
17 Serotonin Receptor Agonists Not Applicable
18 Hormones Not Applicable
19 Psychotropic Drugs Not Applicable
20 Neurotransmitter Agents Not Applicable
21 Serotonin Agents Not Applicable
22 Serotonin Antagonists Not Applicable
23 Quetiapine Fumarate 111974-72-2
24
Serotonin Investigational, Nutraceutical Not Applicable 50-67-9 5202

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 11)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 The Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Human Prolactin Completed NCT00438490 Phase 2 Recombinant Human Prolactin
2 Prenatal Lactation-Focused Motivational Interviewing Unknown status NCT03033459 Not Applicable
3 Molecular Breast Imaging in Patients With a History of Bloody Nipple Discharge Completed NCT00566280 Not Applicable
4 Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study of Adjunctive Aripiprazole for Symptomatic Hyperprolactinemia In Premenopausal Women With Schizophrenia Completed NCT01338298 Not Applicable Aripiprazole;Placebo
5 Changes in Hyperprolactinemia Secondary to Antipsychotics After Switching to Quetiapine Completed NCT00952757
6 Hyperprolactinaemia Management in Reproductive Services at University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire Completed NCT03569787
7 Benefit of a Diagnostic MRI in Case of Pathological Nipple Discharge With Normal Mammography / Ultrasound Recruiting NCT02819362
8 Diagnostic Utility of MRI in Female Patients With Nipple Discharge: A Prospective Trial Recruiting NCT02818946 Not Applicable
9 Feasibility and Therapeutic Efficacy of Ductoscopic Papilloma Extraction in Patients With Pathologic Nipple Discharge Recruiting NCT01901562 Not Applicable
10 Long-term Antipsychotic Pediatric Safety Trial (LAPS) Recruiting NCT03522168 Risperidone;Aripiprazole
11 Evaluation of A Partially Hydrolyzed in Improving FGIDs Symptoms Withdrawn NCT03390309 Not Applicable

Search NIH Clinical Center for Galactorrhea

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Genetic Tests for Galactorrhea

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Genetic tests related to Galactorrhea:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Galactorrhea 30
Sources

Anatomical Context for Galactorrhea

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Galactorrhea:

42
Breast, Pituitary, Testes, Ovary, Spinal Cord, Thyroid, Bone
Sources

Publications for Galactorrhea

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Articles related to Galactorrhea:

(show top 50) (show all 482)
# Title Authors Year
1
Galactorrhea, mastodynia and gynecomastia as the first manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma. A case report. ( 30603606 )
2019
2
Hyperprolactinemic Galactorrhea as a Side Effect of Aripiprazole: An Adolescent Case (Aripiprazole-Related Hyperprolactinemic Galactorrhea). ( 29360652 )
2018
3
Galactorrhea with antidepressants: A case series. ( 29736080 )
2018
4
An Unusual Case of Galactorrhea With Normal Serum Prolactin. ( 28056542 )
2018
5
Hyperprolactinemia with Galactorrhea Due to Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Case Report and Review of Literature. ( 30079289 )
2018
6
Delayed galactorrhea after discontinuation of risperidone in a schizophrenia patient. ( 28837941 )
2017
7
Galactorrhea Probably Related with Switching from Osmotic-release Oral System Methylphenidate (MPH) to Modified-release MPH: An Adolescent Case. ( 28783939 )
2017
8
An Intact Dopamine Sensitivity in the Brain: A Necessity to Recover Hyperprolactinemia and Galactorrhea in a Female Hemodialysis Patient? ( 28791188 )
2017
9
Dose Dependent Course of Hyperprolactinemic and Normoprolactinemic Galactorrhea Induced by Venlafaxine. ( 28449567 )
2017
10
Galactorrhea After Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use in an Adolescent Girl: A Case Report. ( 28383361 )
2017
11
Impact of macroprolactin on galactorrhea and the rate of patients possibly affected by macroprolactin. ( 29162783 )
2017
12
Paraneoplastic Galactorrhea in Childhood T-ALL: An Evaluation of Tumor-derived Prolactin. ( 27820136 )
2017
13
Esomeprazole induced galactorrhea: a novel side effect. ( 26661629 )
2016
14
Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as galactorrhea. ( 27695173 )
2016
15
Citalopram-Induced Galactorrhea in an Adolescent. ( 27438185 )
2016
16
Venlafaxine-Associated Euprolactinemic Galactorrhea and Hypersexuality: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. ( 27219091 )
2016
17
A case of galactorrhea during paroxetine treatment. ( 27284122 )
2016
18
A 33-Year-Old Man with Gynaecomastia and Galactorrhea as the First Symptoms of Graves Hyperthyroidism. ( 28044109 )
2016
19
An assessment of serum prolactin levels among infertile women with galactorrhea attending a gynecological clinic North-West Nigeria. ( 27397959 )
2016
20
Methemoglobinemia Caused by Topical Dapsone Gel; Renal Tubular Acidosis After Topiramate Administration; Diabetic Ketoacidosis Following Epidural Steroid Injection in a Nondiabetic Patient; Galactorrhea Associated with Bupropion Therapy; Telaprevir-Induced Acquired Perforating Dermatosis; Manic Episodes Associated with Tramadol Use. ( 26448655 )
2015
21
Galactorrhea in a Patient With Aquaporin-4 Antibody-positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. ( 26671741 )
2015
22
A 17-year-old female with secondary amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and headaches. ( 25547318 )
2015
23
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Elderly Patients Receiving SSRIs; Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated with Canagliflozin Use in a Type 1 Diabetic Patient; Duloxetine-Induced Galactorrhea; Canagliflozin-Associated Severe Hypercalcemia and Hypernatremia; Vemurafenib-Induced Fanconi Syndrome. ( 26912914 )
2015
24
Sertraline Induced Galactorrhea. ( 28360706 )
2015
25
Emerging Hyperprolactinemic Galactorrhea in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with a Stable Dose of Fluoxetine. ( 26598592 )
2015
26
Bupropion-associated galactorrhea: a case report. ( 25502489 )
2015
27
Galactorrhea with normal prolactin levels associated with duloxetine. ( 25756878 )
2015
28
Euprolactinemic galactorrhea secondary to domperidone treatment. ( 25781524 )
2015
29
Diagnosis and management of galactorrhea after breast augmentation. ( 25919249 )
2015
30
Trazodone induced galactorrhea: a case report. ( 25920951 )
2015
31
Proximal subcutaneous migration of the distal end of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt presenting with recurrent cerebrospinal fluid galactorrhea. ( 23870017 )
2014
32
Quinagolide effects in normoprolactinemic galactorrhea. ( 24405300 )
2014
33
A 21-year-old female with galactorrhea. ( 24895692 )
2014
34
Unilateral Galactorrhea Associated with Low-dose Escitalopram. ( 25035569 )
2014
35
Euprolactinemic galactorrhea with escitalopram. ( 25093774 )
2014
36
Ipsilateral galactorrhea following zoster of the T4 dermatome. ( 25382515 )
2014
37
Paroxetine-induced galactorrhea. ( 25568484 )
2014
38
Duloxetine-related galactorrhea and restless legs syndrome: a case report. ( 24048395 )
2013
39
A new logical insight and putative mechanism behind fluoxetine-induced amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea in a case series. ( 24294485 )
2013
40
Burns, hypertrophic scar and galactorrhea. ( 23456048 )
2013
41
Frequency of Macroprolactinemia in Hyperprolactinemic Women Presenting with Menstrual Irregularities, Galactorrhea, and/or Infertility: Etiology and Clinical Manifestations. ( 24194758 )
2013
42
Index of suspicion. Case 1: abdominal pain, distension, hard stool, and diarrhea in an 11-year-old boy. Case 2: recurrent otitis media in a 4-year-old boy. Case 3: gynecomastia and galactorrhea in a 15-year-old boy. ( 23818086 )
2013
43
Sertraline-induced galactorrhea: case report and review of cases reported with other SSRIs. ( 23260337 )
2013
44
Mirtazapine-induced galactorrhea: a case report. ( 23686045 )
2013
45
Domperidone induced galactorrhea: an unusual presentation of a common drug. ( 23833383 )
2013
46
Treatment algorithm of galactorrhea after augmentation mammoplasty. ( 22214792 )
2012
47
Antipsychotic-induced euprolactinemic galactorrhea in an adolescent girl: a case report. ( 22690360 )
2012
48
Quetiapine-induced galactorrhea with normal prolactin level in an adult female patient. ( 22943024 )
2012
49
Evaluation and management of galactorrhea. ( 22962879 )
2012
50
Galactorrhea (milk discharge). ( 22962883 )
2012
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Variations for Galactorrhea

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Expression for Galactorrhea

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Galactorrhea.
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Pathways for Galactorrhea

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Pathways related to Galactorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway 38
Show member pathways
 12.33 IGF1 PRL PRLR
2
Adipogenesis 1
11.49 IGF1 PRLR
3
Signaling by ERBB4 67
Show member pathways
 11.29 PRL PRLR
4
Signaling events mediated by PTP1B 1
10.85 PRL PRLR
5
Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Steady-State Microglia 66
10.61 DRD2 IGF1
6
Growth hormone receptor signaling 67
Show member pathways
 10.24 PRL PRLR
Sources

GO Terms for Galactorrhea

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Cellular components related to Galactorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 endosome lumen GO:0031904 8.62 PRL PRLR

Biological processes related to Galactorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 lactation GO:0007595 9.16 PRL PRLR
2 response to ethanol GO:0045471 9.02 DRD2
3 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050679 8.96 IGF1
4 regulation of multicellular organism growth GO:0040014 8.96 IGF1 PRL
5 JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway GO:0060397 8.62 PRL PRLR

Molecular functions related to Galactorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 hormone activity GO:0005179 8.96 IGF1 PRL
2 drug binding GO:0008144 8.62 CYP2D6 DRD2
Sources

Sources for Galactorrhea

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
20 FMA
29 GO
30 GTR
31 HGMD
32 HMDB
33 HPO
34 ICD10
35 ICD10 via Orphanet
36 ICD9CM
37 IUPHAR
38 KEGG
39 LifeMap
41 LOVD
43 MedGen
45 MeSH
46 MESH via Orphanet
47 MGI
50 NCI
51 NCIt
52 NDF-RT
55 NINDS
56 Novoseek
58 OMIM
59 OMIM via Orphanet
63 PubMed
65 QIAGEN
70 SNOMED-CT via HPO
71 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
72 TGDB
73 Tocris
74 UMLS
75 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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