Galactorrhea disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

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Aliases & Classifications for Galactorrhea

MalaCards integrated aliases for Galactorrhea:

Name: Galactorrhea ⁵⁷ ⁷⁵ ²⁸ ⁷¹

Galactorrhea Not Associated with Childbirth ⁷¹

Galactorrhea Associated with Childbirth ⁷¹

Characteristics:

Inheritance:

Autosomal recessive ⁵⁷

External Ids:

OMIM® ⁵⁷ 230300

MedGen ⁴⁰ C3665358

SNOMED-CT via HPO ⁶⁹ 287085006 42030000

UMLS ⁷¹ C0235660 C0269995 C3665358

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Summaries for Galactorrhea

MalaCards based summary: Galactorrhea, also known as galactorrhea not associated with childbirth, is related to amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia, and has symptoms including nipple discharge, signs and symptoms in breast and female endocrine problem. An important gene associated with Galactorrhea is PRL (Prolactin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Signaling by ERBB4. The drugs Zinc cation and Iodine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include breast, pituitary and thyroid, and related phenotypes are galactorrhea and abnormality of the genitourinary system

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Galactorrhea (also spelled galactorrhoea) (galacto- + -rrhea) or lactorrhea (lacto- + -rrhea) is the... more...

More information from OMIM: 230300

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Related Diseases for Galactorrhea

Diseases related to Galactorrhea via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 261)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	amenorrhea	31.3	PRL IGF1
2	hyperprolactinemia	31.1	PRLR PRL IGF1 DRD2
3	pituitary tumors	30.7	PRL IGF1
4	prolactinoma	30.7	PRLR PRL IGF1 DRD2
5	gynecomastia	30.6	PRL DRD2
6	pituitary adenoma	30.4	PRL IGF1 DRD2
7	chromophobe adenoma	30.4	PRLR PRL
8	empty sella syndrome	30.2	PRL IGF1
9	mccune-albright syndrome	30.2	PRL IGF1
10	central diabetes insipidus	30.1	PRL IGF1
11	acromegaly	30.0	PRLR PRL IGF1
12	pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, 2	29.9	PRL IGF1
13	hypopituitarism	29.9	PRL IGF1
14	craniopharyngioma	29.9	PRL IGF1
15	impotence	29.8	PRL CYP2D6
16	hyperthyroidism	29.7	PRL IGF1
17	hypothalamic disease	29.7	PRL IGF1
18	pituitary adenoma 1, multiple types	29.7	PRL IGF1
19	pituitary apoplexy	29.7	PRL IGF1
20	paranoid schizophrenia	29.7	PRL DRD2
21	hyperpituitarism	29.7	PRL IGF1
22	psychotic disorder	29.6	PRL DRD2 CYP2D6
23	neuroleptic malignant syndrome	29.6	DRD2 CYP2D6
24	anovulation	29.6	PRL IGF1 DRD2
25	goiter	29.6	PRL IGF1
26	obsessive-compulsive disorder	29.5	PRL DRD2 CYP2D6
27	growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma	29.4	PRL IGF1
28	meningioma, familial	29.4	PRLR PRL IGF1
29	major depressive disorder	29.4	PRL DRD2 CYP2D6
30	pituitary cancer	29.3	PRL IGF1 DRD2
31	dystonia	29.3	PRL DRD2 CYP2D6
32	pituitary gland disease	29.3	PRLR PRL IGF1 DRD2
33	migraine with or without aura 1	29.2	PRL DRD2 CYP2D6
34	prolactin producing pituitary tumor	29.1	PRL IGF1 DRD2
35	premature menopause	29.0	PRLR PRL IGF1
36	bipolar disorder	29.0	PRL IGF1 DRD2
37	functioning pituitary adenoma	28.9	PRLR PRL IGF1 DRD2
38	galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia	11.5
39	ahumada del castillo syndrome	11.2
40	amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome	11.2
41	tsh producing pituitary tumor	11.0
42	pituitary deficiency due to empty sella turcica syndrome	10.9
43	functioning gonadotropic adenoma	10.9
44	pituitary deficiency due to rathke cleft cysts	10.9
45	hypothyroidism	10.6
46	adenoma	10.5
47	hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 2	10.4
48	hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 3	10.4
49	thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency	10.4
50	hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 1	10.4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Galactorrhea:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Galactorrhea

Human phenotypes related to Galactorrhea:

³⁰

#	Description	HPO Source Accession
1	galactorrhea ³⁰	HP:0100829
2	abnormality of the genitourinary system ³⁰	HP:0000119
3	abnormal thorax morphology ³⁰	HP:0000765

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM®:

⁵⁷ (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

Thorax:
nonpuerperal galactorrhea

G U:
oligoovulation

Clinical features from OMIM®:

230300 (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

UMLS symptoms related to Galactorrhea:

nipple discharge; signs and symptoms in breast; female endocrine problem; discharge, nipple, female

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Galactorrhea:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neoplasm	MP:0002006	9.26	DRD2 IGF1 PRL PRLR
2	integument	MP:0010771	9.02	CYP2D6 DRD2 IGF1 PRL PRLR

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Galactorrhea

Drugs for Galactorrhea (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Zinc cation

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

7440-66-6, 23713-49-7

32051

2

Iodine

Approved, Investigational

7553-56-2

807

3

Cadexomer iodine

Experimental

94820-09-4

4

Radiopharmaceuticals

5

Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Drugs
1	Role of Contrast Enhanced Digital Mammography in Female Patients With Pathological Nipple Discharge	Unknown status	NCT04651257
2	Benefit of a Diagnostic MRI in Case of Pathological Nipple Discharge With Normal Mammography / Ultrasound.	Unknown status	NCT02819362
3	Enhancing Breastfeeding Initiation, Exclusivity, and Duration: Effects of Prenatal Lactation-Focused Motivational Interviewing	Completed	NCT03033459
4	Molecular Breast Imaging: Evaluation of a New Technique Using Scintimammography as an Additional Diagnostic Tool for Women Presenting With a History of Bloody Nipple Discharge and Negative Routine Imaging Studies - A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT00566280
5	Contrast Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM) for the Evaluation of Pathologic Nipple Discharge: A Pilot Study	Recruiting	NCT05056844	Iodinated Contrast Agent
6	Feasibility and Therapeutic Efficacy of Ductoscopic Papilloma Extraction in Patients With Pathologic Nipple Discharge	Active, not recruiting	NCT01901562
7	Diagnostic Utility of MRI in Female Patients With Nipple Discharge: A Prospective Trial	Terminated	NCT02818946

Search NIH Clinical Center for Galactorrhea

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Genetic Tests for Galactorrhea

Genetic tests related to Galactorrhea:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Galactorrhea ²⁸

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Anatomical Context for Galactorrhea

Organs/tissues related to Galactorrhea:

MalaCards : Breast, Pituitary, Thyroid, Ovary, Spinal Cord, Kidney, Salivary Gland

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Publications for Galactorrhea

Articles related to Galactorrhea:

(show top 50) (show all 1745)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Familial galactorrhea in three sisters with oligo-ovulation. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Wider JA...Ross GT	5819452	1969
2	A rare cause of galactorrhea in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: pituitary stalk compression by an intracranial aneurysm. ⁶²	Blomerus E...Davies M	36468198	2022
3	Management of Nipple Discharge. ⁶²	Vavolizza RD...Dengel LT	36335926	2022
4	Venlafaxine-related galactorrhea in an adolescent female: A case report. ⁶²	Kameg BN...Wilson R	36064232	2022
5	Epidemiological and clinical profiles of Saudi patients with hyperprolactinemia in a single tertiary care center. ⁶²	Mahzari M...Masuadi EF	36252148	2022
6	Update in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Prolactinoma. ⁶²	Fukuhara N...Iwasaki Y	35892862	2022
7	Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis mimicking adenoma. ⁶²	Kiran MM...Erdogan F	35779888	2022
8	25-Hydroxyvitamin D and metabolic-related laboratory values in women with schizophrenia and hyperprolactinemia. ⁶²	Nallani MC...Kelly DL	35429802	2022
9	Mild hyperprolactinemia in a couple: What impact on fertility? ⁶²	Maiter D	35525260	2022
10	Galactorrhea After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Algorithmic Approach to Management. ⁶²	Schusterman MA...La Cruz C	34724440	2022
11	Omeprazole-induced galactorrhea in kidney transplant patients-a case report. ⁶²	Dorji C...Na-Bangchang K	35339194	2022
12	Disposable and cost-effective label-free electrochemical immunosensor for prolactin based on bismuth sulfide nanorods with polypyrrole. ⁶²	Sakthivel R...Chung RJ	34563856	2022
13	Effects of Prokinetics on the Digestive Tract. ⁶²	Usai-Satta P...Cabras F	34455950	2022
14	Gynecomastia with rare granulomatous lobular mastitis: a case report and literature review. ⁶²	Yin L...Qian X	35098766	2022
15	Severe Hyperprolactinemia during Lurasidone Treatment in a 16-year Old Girl with Schizophrenia - A Case Report. ⁶²	Gjessing Jensen K	35903553	2022
16	Review of Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Evidence of Some Ethiopian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatment. ⁶²	Tadesse TY...Dagnew SB	36186925	2022
17	Nipple Eczema Causing Galactorrhea by Reactive Hyperprolactinemia, Complicated by a Galactocele. ⁶²	Chassain K...Maillard H	35059599	2022
18	A rare endocrinological complication of chronic kidney disease. ⁶²	Camlar SA...Demir BK	35611427	2022
19	Galactorrhea during antipsychotic treatment: results from AMSP, a drug surveillance program, between 1993 and 2015. ⁶²	Glocker C...Schule C	33768297	2021
20	Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone in a subject with galactorrhea and menstrual disorder and undergoing infertility treatment: Case report. ⁶²	Kaneto H...Mune T	34967378	2021
21	Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica): An Unusual Case of Galactorrhea. ⁶²	Easton L...Fortuna RJ	34876549	2021
22	Drug-induced gynecomastia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. ⁶²	Trinchieri A...Montanari E	34933535	2021
23	Clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas. ⁶²	Chanson P...Wolf P	34718111	2021
24	Prolactinomas. ⁶²	Wildemberg LE...Gadelha MR	34687915	2021
25	Giant plurihormonal pituitary adenoma in a child - case study. ⁶²	Moszczynska E...Prokop-Piotrkowska M	34284528	2021
26	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced galactorrhea with hyperprolactinemia. ⁶²	Bhattacharjee S...Mandal N	35136264	2021
27	Hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea with duloxetine in neuropathic pain management. ⁶²	Derle E...Can U	34671951	2021
28	Establishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in Chinese patients with increased total prolactin. ⁶²	Hu Y...Guan M	34620143	2021
29	Ophthalmic Manifestations of Rathke's Cleft Cyst and Its Association to Radiological Characteristics. ⁶²	Jeon H...Choi HY	33305644	2021
30	Prolactin Assay Interference by Macroprolactin. ⁶²	Saparamadu AADNS...Lee J	34258986	2021
31	Non-functioning pituitary adenomas and pregnancy: one-center experience and review of the literature. ⁶²	Rosmino J...Guitelman M	34033303	2021
32	NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PROLACTINOMA (CASE REPORT). ⁶²	Naumova L...Pankiv I	34248039	2021
33	Galactorrhea and Galactocele after Breast Augmentation: Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm. ⁶²	Simao TS	33885442	2021
34	A case report on azathioprine-induced euprolactinemic galactorrhea. ⁶²	Chaudhary D...Jhaj R	34169910	2021
35	Pseudocyesis Leading to Folie-à-Deux. ⁶²	Nagdive AB...Sethi S	33927534	2021
36	Prolactin and Other Pituitary Disorders in Kidney Disease. ⁶²	Huang W...Molitch ME	34140094	2021
37	Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 revealed by a hip pathologic fracture. ⁶²	Slouma M...Louzir B	32666178	2021
38	Sertraline Induced Oromandibular Dystonia and Galactorrhea: A Case Report. ⁶²	Doruk N...Dogrul BN	34185745	2021
39	A rare side effect of levosulpiride: Galactorrhea. ⁶²	Mahto SK...Patra BR	33976003	2021
40	Galactorrhea/Galactocele After Breast Augmentation: A Systematic Review. ⁶²	Sharma SC...Basu NN	32079808	2021
41	Prolactin-Secreting Leiomyoma Causing Hyperprolactinaemia Unresponsive to Dopamine Agonist Therapy and Resolution following Myomectomy. ⁶²	Barry L...Marren A	34540295	2021
42	Risks Associated with Vortioxetine in the Established Therapeutic Indication. ⁶²	Verma A...Kumar A	32811416	2021
43	Prolactin and Estrogen Levels in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Aripiprazole Augmentation Treatment for Depression. ⁶²	Rahman T...Lenze EJ	33347020	2021
44	Surgical outcome of trans-sphenoidal approach to pituitary adenoma in adult patients: 10 years experience in northwest of Iran. ⁶²	Salehpoor F...Hamadani H	34291012	2021
45	Hyperprolactinemic Galactorrhea Associated With Cefpodoxime in a Patient With Recurrent Depressive Disorder on Venlafaxine Monotherapy: A Case Report. ⁶²	Das N...Chadda RK	33065718	2020
46	Role of hypothyroidism and associated pathways in pregnancy and infertility: Clinical insights. ⁶²	Koyyada A...Orsu P	33163375	2020
47	Pituitary Gangliocytoma Producing TSH and TRH: A Review of "Gangliocytomas of the Sellar Region". ⁶²	Sakata K...Morioka M	32706866	2020
48	Serial prolactin sampling as a confirmatory test for true hyperprolactinemia. ⁶²	Frances C...Gomez-Garcia JM	32113859	2020
49	[BREAST PLASTIC SURGERY - CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIONS BREAST SURGERY EDITORIAL]. ⁶²	Shilo Yaacobi D...Ad-El DD	32955814	2020
50	Very late recurrence of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia masquerading as a pituitary tumor. ⁶²	Fridlyand DM...Wechsler DS	32299275	2020

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Genes for Galactorrhea

Genes related to Galactorrhea (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	PRL	Prolactin	Protein Coding	8.87	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	7.76	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	CYP2D6	Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily D Member 6	Protein Coding	7.41	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	IGF1	Insulin Like Growth Factor 1	Protein Coding	7.41	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	PRLR	Prolactin Receptor	Protein Coding	7.22	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)

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Variations for Galactorrhea

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Expression for Galactorrhea

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Galactorrhea.

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Pathways for Galactorrhea

Pathways related to Galactorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	PI3K-Akt signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Focal adhesion: PI3K-Akt-mTOR-signaling pathway ⁷⁴	12.3	PRLR PRL IGF1
2	Signaling by ERBB4 ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Downregulation of ERBB4 signaling ⁶⁶ ErbB4 signaling events ⁶¹ Nuclear signaling by ERBB4 ⁶⁶	11.53	PRLR PRL
3	Adipogenesis ⁷⁴	11.49	PRLR IGF1
4	Signaling events mediated by PTP1B ⁶¹	10.92	PRLR PRL
5	Growth hormone receptor signaling ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Prolactin receptor signaling ⁶⁶	10.75	PRLR PRL
6	Mammary gland development pathway - Pregnancy and lactation (Stage 3 of 4) ⁷⁴	10.46	PRLR PRL
7	Antipsychotics Pathway (Metabolic Side Effects), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	9.92	PRL DRD2

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GO Terms for Galactorrhea

Cellular components related to Galactorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endosome lumen	GO:0031904	8.92	PRLR PRL

Biological processes related to Galactorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	protein kinase B signaling	GO:0043491	9.46	IGF1 DRD2
2	lactation	GO:0007595	9.26	PRLR PRL
3	regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:0040014	8.92	PRL IGF1

Sources

Sources for Galactorrhea

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: GLC096 MIFTS: 40	Galactorrhea	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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