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GIDID
MCID: GST093
MIFTS: 38

Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome (GIDID)

Categories: Blood diseases, Fetal diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Genetic diseases, Immune diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Symptoms & Phenotypes
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Aliases & Classifications for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

Name: Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome 58 76 41
Familial Intestinal Polyatresia Syndrome 58 54 60 76
Multiple Gastrointestinal Atresias 12 30 6 74
Intestinal Atresia, Multiple 58 76 13 45
Multiple Intestinal Atresia 12 60 15
Intestinal Atresia, Multiple and/or Inflammatory Bowel Disease with or Without Immunodeficiency 58 76
Gidid 58 76
Minat 58 76
Fipa 58 76
Familial Intestinal Polyatresia Syndrome; Fipa 58
Combined Immunodeficiency-Enteropathy Spectrum 60
Pituitary Adenoma, Familial Isolated 74
Intestinal Atresia, Multiple; Minat 58
Intestinal Atresia Multiple 54
Cid-Mia/early-Onset Ibd 60
Mia 76

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

60
multiple intestinal atresia
Inheritance: Autosomal recessive; Age of onset: Neonatal; Age of death: early childhood,infantile;
combined immunodeficiency-enteropathy spectrum
Inheritance: Autosomal recessive;

OMIM:

58
Inheritance:
autosomal recessive

Miscellaneous:
fatal in first few months of life in most cases


HPO:

33
gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome:
Inheritance autosomal recessive inheritance


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases Fetal diseases
Anatomical: Blood diseases Gastrointestinal diseases Immune diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 35
Orphanet: 60  
Developmental anomalies during embryogenesis
Rare immunological diseases


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Summaries for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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OMIM : 58 Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome (GIDID) is characterized by multiple intestinal atresia, in which atresia occurs at various levels throughout the small and large intestines. Surgical outcomes are poor, and the condition is usually fatal within the first month of life. Some patients exhibit inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with or without intestinal atresia, and in some cases, the intestinal features are associated with either mild or severe combined immunodeficiency (Samuels et al., 2013; Avitzur et al., 2014; Lemoine et al., 2014). (243150)

MalaCards based summary : Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome, also known as familial intestinal polyatresia syndrome, is related to intestinal atresia and familial isolated pituitary adenoma. An important gene associated with Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome is TTC7A (Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 7A). Affiliated tissues include pituitary, skin and thyroid, and related phenotypes are intestinal atresia and duodenal stenosis

NIH Rare Diseases : 54 The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.Orpha Number: 2300Disease definitionMultiple intestinal atresia is a rare form of intestinal atresia characterized by the presence of numerous atresic segments in the small bowel (duodenum) or large bowel and leading to symptoms of intestinal obstruction: vomiting, abdominal bloating and inability to pass meconium in newborns.Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 76 Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome: A rare, severe congenital disorder in which obstructions occur at various levels throughout the small and large intestines, ultimately leading to organ failure. Surgical interventions are palliative but do not provide long-term survival. Severe immunodeficiency may be associated with the phenotype.

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Related Diseases for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Diseases related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 76)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 intestinal atresia 29.5 TEF TTC7A
2 familial isolated pituitary adenoma 12.1
3 pituitary adenoma 1, multiple types 12.0
4 melanoma 11.9
5 skin melanoma 11.4
6 chromosome xq26.3 duplication syndrome 11.1
7 pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting 11.1
8 pancreatic cancer 10.6
9 pituitary adenoma 10.4
10 adenoma 10.4
11 combined t cell and b cell immunodeficiency 10.2
12 adenocarcinoma 10.1
13 severe combined immunodeficiency 10.1
14 pancreas adenocarcinoma 10.1
15 squamous cell carcinoma 10.1
16 depression 10.1
17 pyloric atresia 10.1
18 acute leukemia 10.1
19 leukemia 10.1
20 vascular disease 10.1
21 granulocytopenia 10.1
22 acroleukopathy, symmetric 10.1
23 retinitis pigmentosa 1 10.1
24 atherosclerosis susceptibility 10.0
25 colorectal cancer 10.0
26 cervical squamous cell carcinoma 10.0
27 end stage renal failure 10.0
28 postpartum depression 10.0
29 stomatitis 10.0
30 distal trisomy 11q 10.0
31 enterocolitis 10.0
32 short bowel syndrome 10.0
33 perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis 10.0
34 melanoma, uveal 9.8
35 neurofibromatosis, type i 9.8
36 neurofibromatosis, type iv, of riccardi 9.8
37 retinoblastoma 9.8
38 autism 9.8
39 cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis 9.8
40 chondrosarcoma 9.8
41 myocardial infarction 9.8
42 intraocular pressure quantitative trait locus 9.8
43 lung cancer susceptibility 3 9.8
44 fecal incontinence 9.8
45 liver disease 9.8
46 melanoma metastasis 9.8
47 osteoarthritis 9.8
48 tongue squamous cell carcinoma 9.8
49 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 9.8
50 patulous eustachian tube 9.8

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:



Diseases related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Human phenotypes related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

60 33 (show all 34)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 intestinal atresia 60 33 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0011100
2 duodenal stenosis 60 33 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0100867
3 gastrointestinal atresia 60 33 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%),Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0002589
4 severe combined immunodeficiency 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0004430
5 ectopic calcification 60 33 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0010766
6 intrauterine growth retardation 60 33 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001511
7 polyhydramnios 60 33 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%),Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001561
8 abdominal distention 60 33 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0003270
9 sparse hair 60 33 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0008070
10 absent eyebrow 60 33 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002223
11 jejunoileal ulceration 60 33 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0005229
12 bloody diarrhea 60 33 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0025085
13 hypoplasia of the thymus 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000778
14 ventricular septal defect 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001629
15 intestinal malrotation 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002566
16 thickened skin 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001072
17 omphalocele 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001539
18 autoimmune hemolytic anemia 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001890
19 alopecia of scalp 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002293
20 psoriasiform dermatitis 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0003765
21 peritoneal abscess 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0100592
22 rectal abscess 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0005224
23 abnormality of the ductus choledochus 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0100889
24 type i diabetes mellitus 60 33 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0100651
25 hepatitis 60 33 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0012115
26 nail dystrophy 60 33 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0008404
27 hashimoto thyroiditis 60 33 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0000872
28 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung 60 33 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0010959
29 immunodeficiency 60 Frequent (79-30%)
30 autoimmunity 60 Very rare (<4-1%)
31 abnormality of the skeletal system 33 HP:0000924
32 hematochezia 33 HP:0002573
33 recurrent abscess formation 60 Occasional (29-5%)
34 abnormality of abdomen morphology 33 HP:0001438

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

58
Growth Other:
intrauterine growth retardation

Abdomen Gastrointestinal:
bloody diarrhea
multiple areas of atresia along the small and large intestines
intestinal malrotation (in some patients)
intraluminal calcification on prenatal ultrasound or plain abdominal radiographs
bowel distention on prenatal ultrasound
more
Head And Neck Face:
prominent forehead (rare)

Head And Neck Teeth:
enamel dysplasia (rare)

Abdomen External Features:
omphalocele (rare)

Abdomen Biliary Tract:
common bile duct dilation (in some patients)

Skin Nails Hair Nails:
onychopathy (rare)

Endocrine Features:
autoimmune thyroiditis (rare)
diabetes, type 1 (rare)

Immunology:
igm immunodeficiency (in some patients)
immunodeficiency, severe combined (in some patients)
autoimmunity (rare)
thymus hypoplasia (in some patients)
isolated hypogammaglobulinemia (rare)

Prenatal Manifestations Amniotic Fluid:
polyhydramnios

Cardiovascular Heart:
ventricular septal defect (rare)

Head And Neck Eyes:
hypertelorism (rare)

Respiratory Lung:
cystic adenomatoid malformation, congenital (rare)

Abdomen Liver:
autoimmune hepatitis (rare)
mild fibrosis (rare)
interface hepatitis (rare)

Skin Nails Hair Skin:
psoriasis (rare)

Skin Nails Hair Hair:
transient alopecia in early childhood (in some patients)

Hematology:
autoimmune hemolytic anemia (rare)

Clinical features from OMIM:

243150

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

47
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 8.8 CD19 TEF TTC7A
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Drugs & Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Search Clinical Trials , NIH Clinical Center for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cochrane evidence based reviews: intestinal atresia, multiple

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Genetic Tests for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Genetic tests related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Multiple Gastrointestinal Atresias 30 TTC7A
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Anatomical Context for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

42
Pituitary, Skin, Thyroid, Thymus, Lung
Sources

Publications for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Articles related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

# Title Authors Year
1
Familial intestinal polyatresia syndrome. ( 7554349 )
1995
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Variations for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot genetic disease variations for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

76
# Symbol AA change Variation ID SNP ID
1 TTC7A p.Leu823Pro VAR_069636 rs587776972
2 TTC7A p.Glu71Lys VAR_075126 rs147914967
3 TTC7A p.Leu346Pro VAR_075129
4 TTC7A p.Leu399Pro VAR_075130
5 TTC7A p.Ser539Leu VAR_075132 rs776906926
6 TTC7A p.Ala551Asp VAR_075133
7 TTC7A p.Lys606Arg VAR_075134 rs139010200
8 TTC7A p.Ser672Pro VAR_075135 rs149602485
9 TTC7A p.Ala832Thr VAR_075139 rs876657393

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

6 (show top 50) (show all 146)
# Gene Variation Type Significance SNP ID Assembly Location
1 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1817A> G (p.Lys606Arg) single nucleotide variant Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity rs139010200 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47046329: 47046329
2 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1817A> G (p.Lys606Arg) single nucleotide variant Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity rs139010200 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47273468: 47273468
3 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2014T> C (p.Ser672Pro) single nucleotide variant Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity rs149602485 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47277182: 47277182
4 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2014T> C (p.Ser672Pro) single nucleotide variant Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity rs149602485 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47050043: 47050043
5 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.662+1delG deletion Pathogenic rs886037746 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47206047: 47206047
6 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.662+1delG deletion Pathogenic rs886037746 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46978908: 46978908
7 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.213_216delTCTA (p.Tyr71Terfs) deletion Pathogenic rs886037747 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47177632: 47177635
8 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.213_216delTCTA (p.Tyr71Terfs) deletion Pathogenic rs886037747 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46950493: 46950496
9 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.844-1G> T single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs777469885 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47221495: 47221495
10 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.844-1G> T single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs777469885 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46994356: 46994356
11 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1204-2A> G single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs876657392 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47233778: 47233778
12 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1204-2A> G single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs876657392 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47006639: 47006639
13 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.1474C> T (p.Gln492Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs786205698 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47024294: 47024294
14 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.1474C> T (p.Gln492Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs786205698 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47251433: 47251433
15 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2494G> A (p.Ala832Thr) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs876657393 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47300979: 47300979
16 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2494G> A (p.Ala832Thr) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs876657393 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47073840: 47073840
17 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.211G> A (p.Glu71Lys) single nucleotide variant Uncertain significance rs147914967 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46950389: 46950389
18 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.211G> A (p.Glu71Lys) single nucleotide variant Uncertain significance rs147914967 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47177528: 47177528
19 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1000_1001+2delAAGT deletion Pathogenic rs587776971 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47221652: 47221655
20 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1000_1001+2delAAGT deletion Pathogenic rs587776971 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46994513: 46994516
21 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2468T> C (p.Leu823Pro) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs587776972 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47300953: 47300953
22 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2468T> C (p.Leu823Pro) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs587776972 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47073814: 47073814
23 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.727C> T (p.Gln243Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777547 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47220653: 47220653
24 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.727C> T (p.Gln243Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777547 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46993514: 46993514
25 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1008C> G (p.Tyr336Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777548 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47222281: 47222281
26 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1008C> G (p.Tyr336Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777548 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46995142: 46995142
27 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1481delG (p.Gly494Valfs) deletion Pathogenic rs587777549 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47249089: 47249089
28 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1481delG (p.Gly494Valfs) deletion Pathogenic rs587777549 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47021950: 47021950
29 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1673_1674insG (p.Leu559Profs) insertion Pathogenic rs587777550 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47256394: 47256395
30 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1673_1674insG (p.Leu559Profs) insertion Pathogenic rs587777550 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47029255: 47029256
31 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1510+105T> A single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777551 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47249223: 47249223
32 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1510+105T> A single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777551 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47022084: 47022084
33 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.286G> T (p.Glu96Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs886042805 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47177603: 47177603
34 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.286G> T (p.Glu96Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs886042805 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46950464: 46950464
35 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1183dup (p.Gln395Profs) duplication Pathogenic rs886042806 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47233178: 47233178
36 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1183dup (p.Gln395Profs) duplication Pathogenic rs886042806 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47006039: 47006039
37 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2470C> T (p.Gln824Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs1057516047 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47300955: 47300955
38 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2470C> T (p.Gln824Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs1057516047 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47073816: 47073816
39 TTC7A NM_001288951.1(TTC7A): c.1616C> T (p.Ser539Leu) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs776906926 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47024334: 47024334
40 TTC7A NM_001288951.1(TTC7A): c.1616C> T (p.Ser539Leu) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs776906926 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47251473: 47251473
41 TTC7A NM_001288951.1(TTC7A): c.2587G> A (p.Ala863Thr) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs202044972 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47301000: 47301000
42 TTC7A NM_001288951.1(TTC7A): c.2587G> A (p.Ala863Thr) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs202044972 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47073861: 47073861
43 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1129C> G (p.Gln377Glu) single nucleotide variant Benign/Likely benign rs117304542 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47233124: 47233124
44 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1129C> G (p.Gln377Glu) single nucleotide variant Benign/Likely benign rs117304542 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47005985: 47005985
45 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.969C> G (p.Ala323=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs139339890 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46994482: 46994482
46 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.969C> G (p.Ala323=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs139339890 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47221621: 47221621
47 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2214G> A (p.Ala738=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs369839639 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47287969: 47287969
48 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2214G> A (p.Ala738=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs369839639 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47060830: 47060830
49 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.490C> T (p.Leu164=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs149634302 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47184119: 47184119
50 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.490C> T (p.Leu164=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs149634302 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46956980: 46956980
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Expression for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
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Pathways for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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GO Terms for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Biological processes related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation GO:0046854 8.62 CD19 TTC7A
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Sources for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
20 FMA
29 GO
30 GTR
31 HGMD
32 HMDB
33 HPO
34 ICD10
35 ICD10 via Orphanet
36 ICD9CM
37 IUPHAR
38 KEGG
39 LifeMap
41 LOVD
43 MedGen
45 MeSH
46 MESH via Orphanet
47 MGI
50 NCI
51 NCIt
52 NDF-RT
55 NINDS
56 Novoseek
58 OMIM
59 OMIM via Orphanet
63 PubMed
65 QIAGEN
70 SNOMED-CT via HPO
71 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
72 TGDB
73 Tocris
74 UMLS
75 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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