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GIDID
MCID: GST093
MIFTS: 41

Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome (GIDID)

Categories: Blood diseases, Fetal diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Genetic diseases, Immune diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Symptoms & Phenotypes
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Aliases & Classifications for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

Name: Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome 57 75 40
Familial Intestinal Polyatresia Syndrome 57 53 59 75
Multiple Gastrointestinal Atresias 12 29 6 73
Intestinal Atresia, Multiple 57 75 13 44
Multiple Intestinal Atresia 12 59 15
Intestinal Atresia, Multiple and/or Inflammatory Bowel Disease with or Without Immunodeficiency 57 75
Gidid 57 75
Minat 57 75
Fipa 57 75
Familial Intestinal Polyatresia Syndrome; Fipa 57
Combined Immunodeficiency-Enteropathy Spectrum 59
Pituitary Adenoma, Familial Isolated 73
Intestinal Atresia, Multiple; Minat 57
Intestinal Atresia Multiple 53
Cid-Mia/early-Onset Ibd 59
Mia 75

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

59
multiple intestinal atresia
Inheritance: Autosomal recessive; Age of onset: Neonatal; Age of death: early childhood,infantile;
combined immunodeficiency-enteropathy spectrum
Inheritance: Autosomal recessive;

OMIM:

57
Inheritance:
autosomal recessive

Miscellaneous:
fatal in first few months of life in most cases


HPO:

32
gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome:
Inheritance autosomal recessive inheritance


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases Fetal diseases
Anatomical: Blood diseases Gastrointestinal diseases Immune diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 34
Orphanet: 59  
Developmental anomalies during embryogenesis
Rare immunological diseases


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Summaries for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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OMIM : 57 Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome (GIDID) is characterized by multiple intestinal atresia, in which atresia occurs at various levels throughout the small and large intestines. Surgical outcomes are poor, and the condition is usually fatal within the first month of life. Some patients exhibit inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with or without intestinal atresia, and in some cases, the intestinal features are associated with either mild or severe combined immunodeficiency (Samuels et al., 2013; Avitzur et al., 2014; Lemoine et al., 2014). (243150)

MalaCards based summary : Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome, also known as familial intestinal polyatresia syndrome, is related to intestinal atresia and familial isolated pituitary adenoma. An important gene associated with Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome is TTC7A (Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 7A). Affiliated tissues include pituitary, skin and thyroid, and related phenotypes are type i diabetes mellitus and hepatitis

NIH Rare Diseases : 53 The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.Orpha Number: 2300Disease definitionMultiple intestinal atresia is a rare form of intestinal atresia characterized by the presence of numerous atresic segments in the small bowel (duodenum) or large bowel and leading to symptoms of intestinal obstruction: vomiting, abdominal bloating and inability to pass meconium in newborns.Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 75 Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome: A rare, severe congenital disorder in which obstructions occur at various levels throughout the small and large intestines, ultimately leading to organ failure. Surgical interventions are palliative but do not provide long-term survival. Severe immunodeficiency may be associated with the phenotype.

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Related Diseases for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Diseases related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 57)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 intestinal atresia 29.6 TEF TTC7A
2 familial isolated pituitary adenoma 12.0
3 melanoma 11.9
4 pituitary adenoma 1, multiple types 11.8
5 skin melanoma 11.3
6 chromosome xq26.3 duplication syndrome 11.1
7 pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting 11.1
8 pancreatic cancer 10.6
9 pituitary adenoma 10.3
10 adenoma 10.3
11 combined t cell and b cell immunodeficiency 10.2
12 vascular disease 10.1
13 severe combined immunodeficiency 10.1
14 squamous cell carcinoma 10.1
15 pyloric atresia 10.1
16 acroleukopathy, symmetric 10.0
17 retinitis pigmentosa 1 10.0
18 colorectal cancer 10.0
19 cervical squamous cell carcinoma 10.0
20 end stage renal failure 10.0
21 adenocarcinoma 10.0
22 postpartum depression 10.0
23 stomatitis 10.0
24 depression 10.0
25 enterocolitis 10.0
26 short bowel syndrome 10.0
27 perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis 10.0
28 adamantinoma of long bones 9.9
29 retinoblastoma 9.9
30 chondrosarcoma 9.9
31 myocardial infarction 9.9
32 lung cancer susceptibility 3 9.9
33 fecal incontinence 9.9
34 melanoma metastasis 9.9
35 osteoarthritis 9.9
36 pancreas adenocarcinoma 9.9
37 tongue squamous cell carcinoma 9.9
38 graves' disease 9.9
39 cholera 9.9
40 adenocarcinoma in situ 9.9
41 familial colorectal cancer 9.9
42 peripheral t-cell lymphoma 9.8 RHOA TET2
43 anus, imperforate 9.8
44 bile duct cysts 9.8
45 peters-plus syndrome 9.8
46 polymicrogyria, bilateral perisylvian, x-linked 9.8
47 choanal atresia, posterior 9.8
48 omphalocele 9.8
49 microcephaly 9.8
50 cholestasis 9.8

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:



Diseases related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

57
Growth Other:
intrauterine growth retardation

Abdomen Gastrointestinal:
bloody diarrhea
multiple areas of atresia along the small and large intestines
intestinal malrotation (in some patients)
intraluminal calcification on prenatal ultrasound or plain abdominal radiographs
bowel distention on prenatal ultrasound
more
Respiratory Lung:
cystic adenomatoid malformation, congenital (rare)

Abdomen Liver:
autoimmune hepatitis (rare)

Skin Nails Hair Skin:
psoriasis (rare)

Skin Nails Hair Hair:
transient alopecia in early childhood (in some patients)

Hematology:
autoimmune hemolytic anemia (rare)

Prenatal Manifestations Amniotic Fluid:
polyhydramnios

Cardiovascular Heart:
ventricular septal defect (rare)

Abdomen External Features:
omphalocele (rare)

Abdomen Biliary Tract:
common bile duct dilation (in some patients)

Skin Nails Hair Nails:
onychopathy (rare)

Endocrine Features:
autoimmune thyroiditis (rare)
diabetes, type 1 (rare)

Immunology:
igm immunodeficiency (in some patients)
immunodeficiency, severe combined (in some patients)
thymus hypoplasia (in some patients)
autoimmunity (rare)


Clinical features from OMIM:

243150

Human phenotypes related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

59 32 (show all 34)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 type i diabetes mellitus 59 32 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0100651
2 hepatitis 59 32 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0012115
3 nail dystrophy 59 32 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0008404
4 intrauterine growth retardation 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001511
5 hashimoto thyroiditis 59 32 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0000872
6 hypoplasia of the thymus 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000778
7 polyhydramnios 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%),Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001561
8 ventricular septal defect 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001629
9 intestinal malrotation 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002566
10 thickened skin 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001072
11 abdominal distention 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0003270
12 sparse hair 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0008070
13 omphalocele 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001539
14 intestinal atresia 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0011100
15 duodenal stenosis 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0100867
16 gastrointestinal atresia 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%),Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0002589
17 autoimmune hemolytic anemia 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001890
18 absent eyebrow 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002223
19 severe combined immunodeficiency 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0004430
20 alopecia of scalp 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002293
21 psoriasiform dermatitis 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0003765
22 ectopic calcification 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0010766
23 peritoneal abscess 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0100592
24 jejunoileal ulceration 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0005229
25 bloody diarrhea 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0025085
26 rectal abscess 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0005224
27 abnormality of the ductus choledochus 59 32 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0100889
28 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung 59 32 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0010959
29 immunodeficiency 59 Frequent (79-30%)
30 autoimmunity 59 Very rare (<4-1%)
31 abnormality of the skeletal system 32 HP:0000924
32 hematochezia 32 HP:0002573
33 recurrent abscess formation 59 Occasional (29-5%)
34 abnormality of abdomen morphology 32 HP:0001438

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 9.56 CD19 TEF TET2 TTC7A
2 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 9.46 CD19 TEF TET2 TTC7A
3 mortality/aging MP:0010768 9.35 CD19 RHOA TEF TET2 TTC7A
4 neoplasm MP:0002006 8.8 CD19 TET2 TTC7A
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Drugs & Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Search Clinical Trials , NIH Clinical Center for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cochrane evidence based reviews: intestinal atresia, multiple

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Genetic Tests for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Genetic tests related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Multiple Gastrointestinal Atresias 29 TTC7A
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Anatomical Context for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

41
Pituitary, Skin, Thyroid, Thymus, Lung, Pancreas, T Cells
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Publications for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Articles related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

# Title Authors Year
1
Familial intestinal polyatresia syndrome. ( 7554349 )
1995
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Variations for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot genetic disease variations for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

75
# Symbol AA change Variation ID SNP ID
1 TTC7A p.Leu823Pro VAR_069636 rs587776972
2 TTC7A p.Glu71Lys VAR_075126 rs147914967
3 TTC7A p.Leu346Pro VAR_075129
4 TTC7A p.Leu399Pro VAR_075130
5 TTC7A p.Ser539Leu VAR_075132 rs776906926
6 TTC7A p.Ala551Asp VAR_075133
7 TTC7A p.Lys606Arg VAR_075134 rs139010200
8 TTC7A p.Ser672Pro VAR_075135 rs149602485
9 TTC7A p.Ala832Thr VAR_075139 rs876657393

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

6 (show top 50) (show all 142)
# Gene Variation Type Significance SNP ID Assembly Location
1 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1000_1001+2delAAGT deletion Pathogenic rs587776971 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47221652: 47221655
2 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1000_1001+2delAAGT deletion Pathogenic rs587776971 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46994513: 46994516
3 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2468T> C (p.Leu823Pro) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs587776972 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47300953: 47300953
4 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2468T> C (p.Leu823Pro) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs587776972 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47073814: 47073814
5 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.727C> T (p.Gln243Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777547 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47220653: 47220653
6 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.727C> T (p.Gln243Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777547 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46993514: 46993514
7 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1008C> G (p.Tyr336Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777548 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47222281: 47222281
8 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1008C> G (p.Tyr336Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777548 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46995142: 46995142
9 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1481delG (p.Gly494Valfs) deletion Pathogenic rs587777549 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47249089: 47249089
10 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1481delG (p.Gly494Valfs) deletion Pathogenic rs587777549 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47021950: 47021950
11 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1673_1674insG (p.Leu559Profs) insertion Pathogenic rs587777550 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47256394: 47256395
12 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1673_1674insG (p.Leu559Profs) insertion Pathogenic rs587777550 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47029255: 47029256
13 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1510+105T> A single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777551 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47249223: 47249223
14 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1510+105T> A single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs587777551 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47022084: 47022084
15 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1817A> G (p.Lys606Arg) single nucleotide variant Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity rs139010200 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47046329: 47046329
16 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1817A> G (p.Lys606Arg) single nucleotide variant Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity rs139010200 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47273468: 47273468
17 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2014T> C (p.Ser672Pro) single nucleotide variant Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity rs149602485 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47277182: 47277182
18 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2014T> C (p.Ser672Pro) single nucleotide variant Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity rs149602485 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47050043: 47050043
19 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.662+1delG deletion Pathogenic rs886037746 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47206047: 47206047
20 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.662+1delG deletion Pathogenic rs886037746 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46978908: 46978908
21 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.213_216delTCTA (p.Tyr71Terfs) deletion Pathogenic rs886037747 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47177632: 47177635
22 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.213_216delTCTA (p.Tyr71Terfs) deletion Pathogenic rs886037747 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46950493: 46950496
23 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.844-1G> T single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs777469885 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47221495: 47221495
24 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.844-1G> T single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs777469885 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46994356: 46994356
25 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.1102-2A> G single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs876657392 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47233778: 47233778
26 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.1102-2A> G single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs876657392 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47006639: 47006639
27 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.1474C> T (p.Gln492Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs786205698 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47024294: 47024294
28 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.1474C> T (p.Gln492Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs786205698 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47251433: 47251433
29 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.2392G> A (p.Ala798Thr) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs876657393 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47300979: 47300979
30 TTC7A NM_001288953.1(TTC7A): c.2392G> A (p.Ala798Thr) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs876657393 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47073840: 47073840
31 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.211G> A (p.Glu71Lys) single nucleotide variant Uncertain significance rs147914967 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46950389: 46950389
32 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.211G> A (p.Glu71Lys) single nucleotide variant Uncertain significance rs147914967 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47177528: 47177528
33 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.286G> T (p.Glu96Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs886042805 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47177603: 47177603
34 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.286G> T (p.Glu96Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs886042805 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46950464: 46950464
35 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1183dupC (p.Gln395Profs) duplication Pathogenic rs886042806 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47233178: 47233178
36 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1183dupC (p.Gln395Profs) duplication Pathogenic rs886042806 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47006039: 47006039
37 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2470C> T (p.Gln824Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs1057516047 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47300955: 47300955
38 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2470C> T (p.Gln824Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs1057516047 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47073816: 47073816
39 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1129C> G (p.Gln377Glu) single nucleotide variant Benign/Likely benign rs117304542 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47233124: 47233124
40 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1129C> G (p.Gln377Glu) single nucleotide variant Benign/Likely benign rs117304542 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47005985: 47005985
41 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.969C> G (p.Ala323=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs139339890 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47221621: 47221621
42 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.969C> G (p.Ala323=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs139339890 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46994482: 46994482
43 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2214G> A (p.Ala738=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs369839639 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47287969: 47287969
44 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.2214G> A (p.Ala738=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs369839639 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 47060830: 47060830
45 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.490C> T (p.Leu164=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs149634302 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47184119: 47184119
46 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.490C> T (p.Leu164=) single nucleotide variant Likely benign rs149634302 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46956980: 46956980
47 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.640T> C (p.Leu214=) single nucleotide variant Benign rs57585816 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47202234: 47202234
48 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.640T> C (p.Leu214=) single nucleotide variant Benign rs57585816 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46975095: 46975095
49 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1026C> T (p.Ile342=) single nucleotide variant Benign rs151317740 GRCh37 Chromosome 2, 47222299: 47222299
50 TTC7A NM_020458.3(TTC7A): c.1026C> T (p.Ile342=) single nucleotide variant Benign rs151317740 GRCh38 Chromosome 2, 46995160: 46995160
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Expression for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
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Pathways for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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GO Terms for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Biological processes related to Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation GO:0046854 8.62 CD19 TTC7A
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Sources for Gastrointestinal Defects and Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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