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MCID: GND002
MIFTS: 45

Gender Identity Disorder

Categories: Mental diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Gender Identity Disorder

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Gender Identity Disorder:

Name: Gender Identity Disorder 12 15 17
Psychosexual Identity Disorder 74

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 34


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:1234
ICD9CM 36 302.6
SNOMED-CT 69 5095008
ICD10 34 F64 F64.2
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Summaries for Gender Identity Disorder

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Disease Ontology : 12 A disease of mental health that involves a conflict between a person's actual physical gender and the gender that person identifies himself or herself as.

MalaCards based summary : Gender Identity Disorder, also known as psychosexual identity disorder, is related to transsexualism and ego-dystonic sexual orientation. An important gene associated with Gender Identity Disorder is ESR2 (Estrogen Receptor 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Gastric cancer and Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway. The drugs Letrozole and Estradiol have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, bone and eye, and related phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and behavior/neurological

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Related Diseases for Gender Identity Disorder

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Diseases related to Gender Identity Disorder via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 133)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 transsexualism 31.5 AR CYP19A1 ESR2 RFX6 RPGRIP1L
2 ego-dystonic sexual orientation 11.2
3 transvestism 10.4
4 male reproductive system disease 10.3 AR ESR2
5 androgen insensitivity, partial 10.2 AR CYP19A1
6 testicular germ cell cancer 10.2 AR ESR2
7 alopecia, androgenetic, 1 10.2 AR CYP19A1
8 prostatic hyperplasia, benign 10.2 AR ESR2
9 benign metastasizing leiomyoma 10.2 CYP19A1 PGR
10 androgenic alopecia 10.2 AR CYP19A1
11 complete androgen insensitivity syndrome 10.2 AR CYP19A1
12 endometrial stromal nodule 10.2 CYP19A1 PGR
13 corneal abscess 10.1 AR PGR
14 bartholin's gland disease 10.1 AR PGR
15 papillary hidradenoma 10.1 AR PGR
16 dental fluorosis 10.1 ESR1 ESR2
17 lobular neoplasia 10.1 ESR1 ESR2
18 leiomyomatosis 10.1 ESR1 PGR
19 endometrial disease 10.1 CYP19A1 ESR1
20 vestibular gland benign neoplasm 10.1 ESR1 PGR
21 bartholin's gland adenoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
22 sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor 10.1 CYP19A1 PGR
23 vulvar syringoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
24 lung leiomyoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
25 glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix 10.1 ESR1 PGR
26 vulvar benign neoplasm 10.1 ESR1 PGR
27 trigonitis 10.1 ESR1 PGR
28 aromatase deficiency 10.1 CYP19A1 ESR1
29 vulvar leiomyoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
30 predominantly cortical thymoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
31 breast medullary carcinoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
32 breast scirrhous carcinoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
33 bartholin's gland benign neoplasm 10.1 ESR1 PGR
34 cribriform carcinoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
35 endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
36 adenoid basal cell carcinoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
37 deep angioma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
38 synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma 10.1 ESR1 PGR
39 female reproductive endometrioid cancer 10.0 ESR1 PGR
40 cervical carcinosarcoma 10.0 ESR1 PGR
41 intramuscular hemangioma 10.0 ESR1 PGR
42 glycogen-rich clear cell breast carcinoma 10.0 ESR1 PGR
43 cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma 10.0 ESR1 PGR
44 retinitis pigmentosa 47 10.0 ESR1 PGR
45 inflammatory breast carcinoma 10.0 ESR1 PGR
46 serous cystadenocarcinoma 10.0 ESR2 PGR
47 uterine sarcoma 10.0 CYP19A1 ESR1
48 retinitis pigmentosa 20 10.0 ESR1 PGR
49 adenosarcoma 10.0 ESR1 PGR
50 luminal breast carcinoma 10.0 ESR1 PGR

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Gender Identity Disorder:



Diseases related to Gender Identity Disorder
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Gender Identity Disorder

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Gender Identity Disorder:

47 (show all 18)
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10.08 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR RFX6
2 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.04 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR RFX6
3 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.04 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR RFX6
4 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 10.03 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR RPGRIP1L
5 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 10.02 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 RFX6 RPGRIP1L
6 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 10 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 RFX6 RPGRIP1L
7 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 9.99 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR RPGRIP1L
8 adipose tissue MP:0005375 9.97 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 RPGRIP1L
9 immune system MP:0005387 9.95 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR RPGRIP1L
10 integument MP:0010771 9.85 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR
11 muscle MP:0005369 9.85 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR RPGRIP1L
12 limbs/digits/tail MP:0005371 9.83 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR RPGRIP1L
13 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 9.8 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 RPGRIP1L
14 normal MP:0002873 9.65 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR
15 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.62 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR
16 renal/urinary system MP:0005367 9.55 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 RPGRIP1L
17 reproductive system MP:0005389 9.43 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR RPGRIP1L
18 skeleton MP:0005390 9.1 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2 PGR RPGRIP1L
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Gender Identity Disorder

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Drugs for Gender Identity Disorder (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 32)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Letrozole Approved, Investigational Phase 3 112809-51-5 3902
2
Estradiol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 3 50-28-2 5757
3
Polyestradiol phosphate Approved Phase 3 28014-46-2
4
Dutasteride Approved, Investigational Phase 3 164656-23-9 152945 6918296
5
Testosterone Approved, Experimental, Investigational Phase 3 58-22-0, 481-30-1 6013 10204
6
Testosterone enanthate Approved Phase 3 315-37-7 9416
7
Testosterone undecanoate Approved, Investigational Phase 3 5949-44-0
8
Methyltestosterone Approved Phase 3 58-18-4 6010
9
Dihydrotestosterone Illicit, Investigational Phase 3 521-18-6 10635
10 Androgens Phase 3
11 Aromatase Inhibitors Phase 3
12 Estrogen Receptor Antagonists Phase 3
13 Estrogen Antagonists Phase 3
14 Hormones Phase 3
15 Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors Phase 3
16 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 3
17 Hormone Antagonists Phase 3
18 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors Phase 3
19 Anabolic Agents Phase 3
20 Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate Phase 3
21 Estradiol 3-benzoate Phase 3
22 Estrogens Phase 3
23 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Phase 3
24 Testosterone 17 beta-cypionate Phase 3
25
Cyproterone Acetate Approved, Investigational 427-51-0
26
Desogestrel Approved 54024-22-5 40973
27 Lynestrenol Approved, Investigational 52-76-6
28
Hydrocortisone acetate Approved, Vet_approved 50-03-3
29
Hydrocortisone Approved, Vet_approved 50-23-7 5754
30
Cyproterone 2098-66-0 5284537
31 Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate
32 Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate

Interventional clinical trials:


# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Testosterone and Its Metabolites in GID Completed NCT00146146 Phase 3 testosterone undecanoate alone;testosterone undecanoate plus letrozole;testosterone undecanoate plus dutasteride
2 Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on Human Brain Function, Structure and Connectivity Completed NCT01292785 Hormones
3 Transgender Post-reassignment Urogynecologic Measures and Perceptions Recruiting NCT03293771
4 Pubertal Blockade and Hormone Therapy in Transgender Youth Recruiting NCT03557268
5 TransCare - Genital Surgery for Trans Women in Centralized vs. Decentralized Healthcare Settings Recruiting NCT03872648
6 Sexuality in Transmen During Hormone and Operative Treatment Recruiting NCT03637920
7 Observational Study on Metabolism and Psychopathology in Transsexual Patients Active, not recruiting NCT02185274

Search NIH Clinical Center for Gender Identity Disorder

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Genetic Tests for Gender Identity Disorder

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Anatomical Context for Gender Identity Disorder

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Gender Identity Disorder:

42
Brain, Bone, Eye
Sources

Publications for Gender Identity Disorder

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Articles related to Gender Identity Disorder:

(show top 50) (show all 186)
# Title Authors Year
1
Experiences of and barriers to transition-related healthcare among Korean transgender adults: focus on gender identity disorder diagnosis, hormone therapy, and sex reassignment surgery. ( 29514430 )
2018
2
Type 3 Thyroplasty for a Patient with Female-to-Male Gender Identity Disorder. ( 29850335 )
2018
3
Descriptive Study of Gender Dysphoria in Japanese Individuals with Male-to-Female Gender Identity Disorder. ( 29674763 )
2018
4
Hepatocellular adenoma in a woman who was undergoing testosterone treatment for gender identity disorder. ( 29589251 )
2018
5
Quality of life of men and women with gender identity disorder. ( 30126432 )
2018
6
Behavior Problems and Psychiatric Diagnoses in Girls with Gender Identity Disorder: A Follow-Up Study. ( 28594603 )
2017
7
The Pattern of Sexual Interest of Female-to-Male Transsexual Persons With Gender Identity Disorder Does Not Resemble That of Biological Men: An Eye-Tracking Study. ( 28823313 )
2017
8
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Profiles of Patients with Gender Identity Disorder Requesting Sex Reassignment Surgery. ( 27833228 )
2016
9
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Traits of Gender Identity Disorder: A Study of Japanese Twins Across Developmental Stages. ( 27507021 )
2016
10
Comparison of Masculine and Feminine Gender Roles in Iranian Patients with Gender Identity Disorder. ( 26797060 )
2015
11
Gender typicality in children's speech: A comparison of boys with and without gender identity disorder. ( 25920850 )
2015
12
Long-Term Follow-Up of Adults with Gender Identity Disorder. ( 25690443 )
2015
13
Eleven-year follow up of boy with Asperger's syndrome and comorbid gender identity disorder of childhood. ( 26126993 )
2015
14
Effects of different steps in gender reassignment therapy on psychopathology: a prospective study of persons with a gender identity disorder. ( 24344788 )
2014
15
Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions in children and adolescents with gender identity disorder. ( 24567168 )
2014
16
The frequency of personality disorders in patients with gender identity disorder. ( 25664291 )
2014
17
Differences in personality traits between male-to-female and female-to-male gender identity disorder subjects. ( 25130781 )
2014
18
Personality disorders in persons with gender identity disorder. ( 24959629 )
2014
19
Gender identity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in a 23-year-old female. ( 23835847 )
2014
20
Substance abuse as a way of life in marginalized gender identity disorder: A case report with review of Indian literature. ( 25311662 )
2014
21
Gender identity disorder and schizophrenia: neurodevelopmental disorders with common causal mechanisms? ( 25548672 )
2014
22
Management challenges in a case of gender identity disorder. ( 25788806 )
2014
23
Risk factors for the development of well leg compartment syndrome after sex reassignment surgery in patients with gender identity disorder. ( 24286463 )
2013
24
Lay theories of gender identity disorder. ( 24059967 )
2013
25
Current management of gender identity disorder in childhood and adolescence: guidelines, barriers and areas of controversy. ( 23221495 )
2013
26
Gender identity disorder and eating disorders: similarities and differences in terms of body uneasiness. ( 23347389 )
2013
27
Dose-response analysis of testosterone replacement therapy in patients with female to male gender identity disorder. ( 23117148 )
2013
28
Serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with gender identity disorder. ( 23702250 )
2013
29
Sociodemographic and clinical features of gender identity disorder: an Italian multicentric evaluation. ( 23171237 )
2013
30
Parent-child relationships in gender identity disorder. ( 23959770 )
2013
31
Prevalence of gender identity disorder and suicide risk among transgender veterans utilizing veterans health administration care. ( 23947310 )
2013
32
Hormonal treatment reduces psychobiological distress in gender identity disorder, independently of the attachment style. ( 23574768 )
2013
33
Editorial Comment to Risk factors for the development of well leg compartment syndrome after sex reassignment surgery in patients with gender identity disorder. ( 24341964 )
2013
34
Memo outlining evidence for change for gender identity disorder in the DSM-5. ( 23868018 )
2013
35
Testosterone replacement elevates the serum uric acid levels in patients with female to male gender identity disorder. ( 24047564 )
2013
36
First Transsexualism European Meeting : Psychological, Medical and Surgical management in gender identity disorder. An international highlight 17 (th) -18 (th) May 2012 Dental School, Turin, Italy. ( 27517686 )
2012
37
Demographics, behavior problems, and psychosexual characteristics of adolescents with gender identity disorder or transvestic fetishism. ( 22390530 )
2012
38
Sexual medicine: Can pelvic measurements predict gender identity disorder? ( 22868994 )
2012
39
Editorial Comment to Status of sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder in Japan. ( 22416672 )
2012
40
Treatment of gender identity disorder. ( 22854940 )
2012
41
Gender identity disorder: an emerging problem for pediatricians. ( 22351880 )
2012
42
Hormone treatment of gender identity disorder in a cohort of children and adolescents. Comment. ( 22938118 )
2012
43
Disordered eating and gender identity disorder: a qualitative study. ( 22703571 )
2012
44
Children and adolescents with gender identity disorder referred to a pediatric medical center. ( 22351896 )
2012
45
A study of changes in bone metabolism in cases of gender identity disorder. ( 22222419 )
2012
46
Leave to intervene in cases of gender identity disorder; normative causation; financial harms and involuntary treatment; and the right to be protected from suicide. ( 23180326 )
2012
47
School refusal by patients with gender identity disorder. ( 22227029 )
2012
48
Gender identity disorder in twins: a review of the case report literature. ( 22146048 )
2012
49
Report of the American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Treatment of Gender Identity Disorder. ( 22736225 )
2012
50
Hormone treatment of gender identity disorder in a cohort of children and adolescents. ( 22621149 )
2012
Sources

Variations for Gender Identity Disorder

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Expression for Gender Identity Disorder

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Gender Identity Disorder.
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Pathways for Gender Identity Disorder

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Pathways related to Gender Identity Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Gastric cancer 38
Show member pathways
 12.35 ESR1 ESR2 PGR
2
Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway 1
11.69 AR CYP19A1 ESR1
3
TGF-beta Signaling Pathways 66
11.42 AR ESR1 ESR2
4
Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling 1
11.38 AR ESR1
5
Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway 67
Show member pathways
 11.21 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR
6
FOXA1 transcription factor network 1
Show member pathways
 11.14 AR ESR1
7
Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis 23
11.11 AR CYP19A1
8
Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2 23
10.88 ESR1 ESR2
9
Ovarian Infertility Genes 1
10.84 CYP19A1 ESR2 PGR
10
Plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling 1
10.82 ESR1 ESR2
11
MNAR-PELP1 and Estrogen Receptor Interaction 65
10.73 ESR1 ESR2
12
Aromatase Inhibitor Pathway (Breast Cell), Pharmacodynamics 62
9.4 CYP19A1 ESR1 ESR2
Sources

GO Terms for Gender Identity Disorder

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Biological processes related to Gender Identity Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 15)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355 9.89 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR RFX6
2 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 9.85 AR ESR1 PGR RFX6
3 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893 9.76 AR ESR1 ESR2 RFX6
4 cell-cell signaling GO:0007267 9.69 AR ESR2 PGR
5 intracellular receptor signaling pathway GO:0030522 9.54 AR ESR1
6 mammary gland development GO:0030879 9.52 CYP19A1 PGR
7 intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway GO:0030520 9.48 ESR1 ESR2
8 uterus development GO:0060065 9.43 CYP19A1 ESR1
9 steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway GO:0043401 9.43 AR ESR1 PGR
10 androgen metabolic process GO:0008209 9.4 CYP19A1 ESR1
11 mammary gland alveolus development GO:0060749 9.37 AR ESR1
12 prostate gland growth GO:0060736 9.32 AR CYP19A1
13 tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis GO:0060748 9.16 AR PGR
14 transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006351 8.96 AR ESR1
15 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006367 8.92 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR

Molecular functions related to Gender Identity Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 14)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 DNA binding GO:0003677 9.93 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR RFX6
2 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific GO:0000981 9.91 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR RFX6
3 DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0003700 9.85 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR RFX6
4 zinc ion binding GO:0008270 9.83 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR
5 sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0043565 9.8 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR
6 enzyme binding GO:0019899 9.78 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR
7 lipid binding GO:0008289 9.67 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR
8 RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000978 9.65 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR RFX6
9 ATPase binding GO:0051117 9.61 AR ESR1 PGR
10 steroid hormone receptor activity GO:0003707 9.46 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR
11 estrogen receptor activity GO:0030284 9.4 ESR1 ESR2
12 estrogen response element binding GO:0034056 9.32 ESR1 ESR2
13 nuclear receptor activity GO:0004879 9.26 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR
14 steroid binding GO:0005496 8.92 AR ESR1 ESR2 PGR
Sources

Sources for Gender Identity Disorder

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
20 FMA
29 GO
30 GTR
31 HGMD
32 HMDB
33 HPO
34 ICD10
35 ICD10 via Orphanet
36 ICD9CM
37 IUPHAR
38 KEGG
39 LifeMap
41 LOVD
43 MedGen
45 MeSH
46 MESH via Orphanet
47 MGI
50 NCI
51 NCIt
52 NDF-RT
55 NINDS
56 Novoseek
58 OMIM
59 OMIM via Orphanet
63 PubMed
65 QIAGEN
70 SNOMED-CT via HPO
71 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
72 TGDB
73 Tocris
74 UMLS
75 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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