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GRTH
MCID: GNR008
MIFTS: 36

Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (GRTH)

Categories: Ear diseases, Endocrine diseases, Fetal diseases, Genetic diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone:

Name: Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone 53 59
Refetoff Syndrome 53 59
Thyroid Hormone Resistance, Generalized, Autosomal Recessive 73
Deafness-Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome 59
Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome 73
Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta 53
Grth 53
Thrb 53

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Fetal diseases Genetic diseases
Anatomical: Ear diseases Endocrine diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 34
Orphanet: 59  
Rare otorhinolaryngological diseases
Rare endocrine diseases
Developmental anomalies during embryogenesis


External Ids:

Orphanet 59 ORPHA3221
UMLS via Orphanet 74 C2940786 C3489796
ICD10 via Orphanet 34 E07.8
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Summaries for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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MalaCards based summary : Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone, also known as refetoff syndrome, is related to goiter and lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3. An important gene associated with Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone is THRB (Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta). The drugs Ephedrine and Guaifenesin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include thyroid, kidney and pituitary, and related phenotypes are delayed skeletal maturation and pectus carinatum

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Related Diseases for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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Diseases in the Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone family:

Thyroid Hormone Resistance, Generalized, Autosomal Dominant Thyroid Hormone Resistance, Generalized, Autosomal Recessive

Diseases related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 55)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 goiter 31.6 THRB TRH TXNRD2
2 lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3 31.6 THRB TXNRD2
3 hyperthyroidism 31.4 PRL THRB TRH
4 thyroid hormone resistance, generalized, autosomal dominant 31.3 THRB TRH TXNRD2
5 graves disease 1 31.3 THRB TRH TXNRD2
6 thyroid gland disease 30.8 PRL THRB TRH TXNRD2
7 thyroiditis 29.5 THRB TRH TXNRD2
8 hypothyroidism 29.4 PRL THRB TRH
9 thyroid cancer 11.3
10 thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 2 11.2
11 graves' disease 11.2
12 thyroid hormone resistance, selective pituitary 11.1
13 thyroid hormone resistance, generalized, autosomal recessive 11.1
14 enhanced s-cone syndrome 11.1
15 plummer's disease 11.1
16 radial neuropathy 11.1
17 thyroid crisis 11.1
18 hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 3 10.9
19 hepatosplenic t-cell lymphoma 10.1
20 atrial fibrillation 10.0
21 breast cancer 10.0
22 thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 1 10.0
23 hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 2 10.0
24 wilson disease 10.0
25 congenital hypothyroidism 10.0
26 squamous cell carcinoma 10.0
27 hypogonadism 10.0
28 neonatal hypothyroidism 10.0
29 adenohypophysitis 9.9 PRL TRH
30 pseudohypoparathyroidism, type ia 9.9 PRL TRH
31 empty sella syndrome 9.9 PRL TRH
32 hyperpituitarism 9.9 PRL TRH
33 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 9.9
34 functioning pituitary adenoma 9.9 PRL TRH
35 hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 4 9.9 PRL TRH
36 chromophobe adenoma 9.9 PRL TRH
37 hypothyroidism, central, and testicular enlargement 9.9 PRL TRH
38 pituitary-dependent cushing's disease 9.9 PRL TRH
39 renal cell carcinoma, nonpapillary 9.9
40 gastric cancer 9.9
41 leukemia 9.9
42 schistosomiasis 9.9
43 kidney cancer 9.9
44 pituitary adenoma 9.9
45 clear cell renal cell carcinoma 9.9
46 adenoma 9.9
47 hypoxia 9.9
48 audiogenic seizures 9.9
49 pituitary gland disease 9.9 PRL TRH
50 hyperprolactinemia 9.8 PRL TRH

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone:



Diseases related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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Human phenotypes related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone:

59 32 (show all 7)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 delayed skeletal maturation 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0002750
2 pectus carinatum 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000768
3 sensorineural hearing impairment 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000407
4 epiphyseal stippling 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0010655
5 sprengel anomaly 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000912
6 convex nasal ridge 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000444
7 abnormality of the thyroid gland 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000820

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 nervous system MP:0003631 9.26 PRL THRB TRH TXNRD2
2 no phenotypic analysis MP:0003012 8.8 THRB TRH TXNRD2
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Drugs & Therapeutics for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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Drugs for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 19)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Ephedrine Approved Phase 2 299-42-3 9294
2
Guaifenesin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 2 93-14-1 3516
3
Pseudoephedrine Approved Phase 2 90-82-4 7028
4 Hormones Phase 2
5 Neurotransmitter Agents Phase 2
6 Appetite Depressants Phase 2
7 Chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine drug combination Phase 2
8 Expectorants Phase 2
9 Respiratory System Agents Phase 2
10 Autonomic Agents Phase 2
11 Adrenergic Agents Phase 2
12 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Phase 2
13
Chlorpheniramine Phase 2 113-92-8, 132-22-9 2725
14 Adrenergic Agonists Phase 2
15 Nasal Decongestants Phase 2
16 Anti-Obesity Agents Phase 2
17 Sympathomimetics Phase 2
18 Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phase 2
19 Vasoconstrictor Agents Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:


# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Triac Trial in MCT8 Patients Active, not recruiting NCT02060474 Phase 2 Triac
2 TSH Receptor Mutations Among a Consanguineous Community Completed NCT00747760
3 Evaluation of Patients With Thyroid Disorders Recruiting NCT00001159
4 The Prevalence of Hearing Loss Among Children With Congenital Hypothyroidism Withdrawn NCT01223638

Search NIH Clinical Center for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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Genetic Tests for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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Anatomical Context for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone:

41
Thyroid, Kidney, Pituitary, T Cells
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Publications for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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Articles related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone:

(show all 31)
# Title Authors Year
1
Evaluation of thyroid hormone action in a case of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone with chronic thyroiditis: discovery of a novel heterozygous missense mutation (G347A). ( 17827792 )
2007
2
Atrial fibrillation and mitral prolapse in a subject affected by Refetoff syndrome. ( 12032470 )
2002
3
Three Japanese patients from two families with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone with mutations in exon 9 of the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene. ( 11518118 )
2001
4
Toxic multinodular goitre in a patient with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone who harbours the R429Q mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene. ( 11167935 )
2001
5
Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone associated with possible selective cardiac nonresistance. ( 11141590 )
2000
6
Inappropriate thyroid gland ablation in patients with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. A common sequela of a rare disorder. ( 8526688 )
1996
7
New point mutation (R243W) in the hormone binding domain of the c- erbA beta 1 gene in a family with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 8664910 )
1996
8
Thyroid hormone receptor-beta mutants associated with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone show defects in their ligand-sensitive repression function. ( 8584031 )
1995
9
Two consecutive nucleotide substitutions resulting in the T3 receptor beta gene resulting in an 11-amino acid truncation in a patient with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 8674855 )
1995
10
Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone: identification of a novel c-erbA beta thyroid hormone receptor variant (Leu450) in a Japanese family and analysis of its secondary structure by the Chou and Fasman method. ( 7873749 )
1994
11
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in people with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 8450877 )
1993
12
The relative expression of mutant and normal thyroid hormone receptor genes in patients with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone determined by estimation of their specific messenger ribonucleic acid products. ( 8421105 )
1993
13
Differential expression of mutant and normal beta T3 receptor alleles in kindreds with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 8486789 )
1993
14
Identical mutations in unrelated families with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone occur in cytosine-guanine-rich areas of the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene. Analysis of 15 families. ( 8514853 )
1993
15
Autoimmune hypothyroidism in a patient with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 8272919 )
1993
16
A point mutation in the 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptor-beta associated with a family with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 1619012 )
1992
17
New insights on the mechanism(s) of the dominant negative effect of mutant thyroid hormone receptor in generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 1430208 )
1992
18
Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (GRTH) in a family: case studies. ( 1294371 )
1992
19
Transcriptional activity of a mutant thyroid hormone receptor beta in a family with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 1301392 )
1992
20
Correlations of language abnormalities with localization of mutations in the beta-thyroid hormone receptor in 13 kindreds with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone: identification of four new mutations. ( 1400869 )
1992
21
Variable transcriptional activity and ligand binding of mutant beta 1 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptors from four families with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 1569968 )
1992
22
A point mutation of the T3 receptor beta 1 gene in a kindred of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 1587388 )
1992
23
Screening of nineteen unrelated families with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone for known point mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene and the detection of a new mutation. ( 1991834 )
1991
24
Homozygosity for a dominant negative thyroid hormone receptor gene responsible for generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 1682340 )
1991
25
Serum thyrotropin and prolactin in the syndrome of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone: responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation and short term triiodothyronine suppression. ( 2110573 )
1990
26
Neonatal detection of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 2120481 )
1990
27
Dominant negative transcriptional regulation by a mutant thyroid hormone receptor-beta in a family with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 2082193 )
1990
28
The syndrome of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (GRTH). ( 2699456 )
1989
29
Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone associated with a mutation in the ligand-binding domain of the human thyroid hormone receptor beta. ( 2510172 )
1989
30
A case of refetoff syndrome: selective venous sampling for TSH is useful in differentiating thyroid hormone resistance from TSH secreting tumor. ( 2711378 )
1989
31
Use of bromocriptine in a patient with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. ( 6699135 )
1984
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Variations for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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Expression for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone.
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Pathways for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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GO Terms for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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Cellular components related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 secretory granule GO:0030141 8.62 PRL TRH

Biological processes related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 response to organic cyclic compound GO:0014070 9.16 PRL TRH
2 response to ethanol GO:0045471 8.96 PRL TRH
3 hormone-mediated signaling pathway GO:0009755 8.62 THRB TRH

Molecular functions related to Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 hormone activity GO:0005179 8.62 PRL TRH
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Sources for Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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