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MCID: GLM045
MIFTS: 63

Glioma

Categories: Bone diseases, Cancer diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Glioma

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Glioma:

Name: Glioma 52 36 29 54 6 17 71

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Bone diseases
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External Ids:

KEGG 36 H00042
UMLS 71 C0017638
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Summaries for Glioma

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KEGG : 36 Gliomas are the most common of the primary brain tumors and account for more than 40% of all central nervous system neoplasms. Gliomas include tumours that are composed predominantly of astrocytes (astrocytomas), oligodendrocytes (oligodendrogliomas), mixtures of various glial cells (for example,oligoastrocytomas) and ependymal cells (ependymomas). The most malignant form of infiltrating astrocytoma - glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) - is one of the most aggressive human cancers. GBM may develop de novo (primary glioblastoma) or by progression from low-grade or anaplastic astrocytoma (secondary glioblastoma). Primary glioblastomas develop in older patients and typically show genetic alterations (EGFR amplification, p16/INK4a deletion, and PTEN mutations) at frequencies of 24-34%. Secondary glioblastomas develop in younger patients and frequently show overexpression of PDGF and CDK4 as well as p53 mutations (65%) and loss of Rb playing major roles in such transformations. Loss of PTEN has been implicated in both pathways, although it is much more common in the pathogenesis of primary GBM.

MalaCards based summary : Glioma is related to malignant glioma and glioma susceptibility 1. An important gene associated with Glioma is MIR21 (MicroRNA 21), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Glioma and MicroRNAs in cancer. The drugs Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, t cells and endothelial.

NIH Rare Diseases : 52 Glioma refers to a type of brain tumor that develops from the glial cells , which are specialized cells that surround and support neurons (nerve cells) in the brain. It is generally classified based on which type of glial cell is involved in the tumor: Astocytoma - tumors that develop from star-shaped glial cells called astrocytes Ependymomas - tumors that arise from ependymal cells that line the ventricles of the brain and the center of the spinal cord Oligodendrogliomas - tumors that affect the oligodendrocytes The symptoms of glioma vary by type but may include headaches; nausea and vomiting; confusion; personality changes; trouble with balance; vision problems; speech difficulties; and/or seizures . The exact underlying cause is unknown. In most cases, the tumor occurs sporadically in people with no family history of the condition. Treatment depends on many factors, including the type, size, stage and location of the tumor, but may include surgery, radiation therapy , chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy .

Wikipedia : 74 A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine. Gliomas comprise... more...

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Related Diseases for Glioma

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Diseases in the Glioma family:

Malignant Glioma

Diseases related to Glioma via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1147)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 malignant glioma 34.5 PVT1 NEAT1 MEG3 HOTAIR H19 GAS5
2 glioma susceptibility 1 34.5 MIR34A MIR296 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR181A2
3 astrocytoma 33.4 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR21 HOTAIR H19
4 neuroblastoma 31.9 MIR34A MIR221 MIR21 MIR184 MIR17 MEG3
5 medulloblastoma 31.6 MIR34A MIR17 HOTAIR H19 FOXO1 CDKN2B-AS1
6 b-cell lymphoma 31.4 PVT1 MIR34A MIR21 MIR17 HOTAIR GAS5
7 pituitary adenoma 31.3 MEG3 HOTAIR H19
8 central nervous system cancer 31.1 MIR34A MIR296 MIR222 MIR21 MIR17 MIR15B
9 leukemia, acute lymphoblastic 31.0 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR17 CDKN2B-AS1
10 osteogenic sarcoma 31.0 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MEG3 HOTAIR H19
11 squamous cell carcinoma 30.8 UCA1 NEAT1 HOTAIR H19 CDKN2B-AS1
12 lung cancer susceptibility 3 30.8 MIR296 MIR21 MIR17 MIR146B MEG3 HOTAIR
13 cerebrovascular disease 30.8 MIR221 MIR21 MEG3 HOTAIR
14 retinitis pigmentosa 11 30.8 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR296 HOTAIR
15 cholangiocarcinoma 30.7 UCA1 NEAT1 MIR21 H19
16 diffuse large b-cell lymphoma 30.7 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR17 HOTAIR
17 bladder cancer 30.6 UCA1 PVT1 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221 MIR21
18 melanoma 30.6 UCA1 PVT1 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221 MIR184
19 nervous system disease 30.5 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR17 MIR15B
20 leukemia, acute myeloid 30.5 UCA1 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR184
21 renal cell carcinoma, nonpapillary 30.5 UCA1 PVT1 MIR34A MIR221 MIR21 MIR17
22 thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 1 30.4 NEAT1 MIR222 MIR221 MEG3 HOTAIR H19
23 nasopharyngeal carcinoma 30.4 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR21 MIR17 MEG3 HOTAIR
24 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma 30.4 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR21 HOTAIR H19 CDKN2B-AS1
25 leukemia, chronic myeloid 30.4 UCA1 MIR17 MEG3 HOTAIR H19
26 esophageal cancer 30.4 UCA1 PVT1 MIR34A MIR21 MEG3 HOTAIR
27 kidney cancer 30.4 PVT1 MIR21 MIR17 MEG3 HOTAIR H19
28 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 30.3 UCA1 PVT1 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 HOTAIR
29 hepatocellular carcinoma 30.3 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221
30 breast cancer 30.3 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221
31 central nervous system disease 30.3 MIR34A MIR221 MIR21 MIR17 MIR15B MIR146B
32 endometrial cancer 30.3 UCA1 NEAT1 MIR34A MEG3 HOTAIR H19
33 myeloma, multiple 30.3 UCA1 PVT1 MIR21 MIR181A2 MIR17 MEG3
34 overnutrition 30.2 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR17
35 tongue squamous cell carcinoma 30.2 UCA1 MIR222 MIR21 MEG3
36 diabetes mellitus 30.2 PVT1 MIR34A MIR181A2 MIR17 MEG3 FOXO1
37 acute myocardial infarction 30.2 UCA1 MIR34A MIR21 CDKN2B-AS1
38 gallbladder cancer 30.1 UCA1 MEG3 HOTAIR H19 CDKN2B-AS1
39 gastric cancer 30.1 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221
40 colorectal cancer 30.1 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR296 MIR222
41 leukemia, chronic lymphocytic 30.1 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR296 MIR221 MIR21 MIR181A2
42 lymphoma, non-hodgkin, familial 30.1 MIR34A MIR222 MIR21 MIR17 MIR15B MIR146B
43 lung cancer 30.1 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR296 MIR222
44 prostatic hyperplasia, benign 30.0 UCA1 CDKN2B-AS1
45 pancreatic cancer 30.0 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221
46 body mass index quantitative trait locus 11 30.0 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR17 H19
47 cervical cancer 30.0 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR21 MIR17
48 clear cell renal cell carcinoma 30.0 PVT1 MIR221 MIR21 MEG3
49 prostate cancer 30.0 UCA1 PVT1 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR296 MIR222
50 inherited metabolic disorder 29.9 MIR34A MIR21 MIR17

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Glioma:



Diseases related to Glioma
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Glioma

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Glioma

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Drugs for Glioma (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 559)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Midazolam Approved, Illicit Phase 4 59467-70-8 4192
2
Dexmedetomidine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 113775-47-6 5311068 68602
3
Glutamic acid Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4 56-86-0 33032
4 Anti-Anxiety Agents Phase 4
5 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists Phase 4
6 alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid Phase 4
7 Anesthetics Phase 4
8 Analgesics, Non-Narcotic Phase 4
9 Analgesics Phase 4
10 Hypnotics and Sedatives Phase 4
11 Adrenergic Agents Phase 4
12 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Phase 4
13 Adrenergic Agonists Phase 4
14
Dextroamphetamine Approved, Illicit Phase 3 51-64-9 5826
15
Lenograstim Approved, Investigational Phase 3 135968-09-1
16
Thiotepa Approved, Investigational Phase 3 52-24-4 5453
17
Carmustine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 154-93-8 2578
18
Heparin Approved, Investigational Phase 3 9005-49-6 46507594 772
19
Dalteparin Approved Phase 3 9005-49-6
20
Tinzaparin Approved Phase 3 9041-08-1, 9005-49-6 25244225
21
Somatostatin Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 38916-34-6, 51110-01-1 53481605
22
Ondansetron Approved Phase 3 99614-02-5 4595
23
Granisetron Approved, Investigational Phase 3 109889-09-0 3510
24
Trioxsalen Approved Phase 3 3902-71-4 5585
25
Donepezil Approved Phase 3 120014-06-4 3152
26
Thioguanine Approved Phase 3 154-42-7 2723601
27
Fentanyl Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 3 437-38-7 3345
28
chloroquine Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 3 54-05-7 2719
29
Ethanol Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 64-17-5 702
30
Disulfiram Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 97-77-8 3117
31
Copper Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 7440-50-8 27099
32
Lomustine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 13010-47-4 3950
33
Vincristine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 57-22-7, 2068-78-2 5978
34
Doxorubicin Approved, Investigational Phase 3 23214-92-8 31703
35
Irinotecan Approved, Investigational Phase 3 97682-44-5, 100286-90-6 60838
36
Dopamine Approved Phase 3 51-61-6, 62-31-7 681
37
Cyclophosphamide Approved, Investigational Phase 3 50-18-0, 6055-19-2 2907
38
Etoposide Approved Phase 3 33419-42-0 36462
39
leucovorin Approved Phase 3 58-05-9 6006 143
40
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 51-45-6 774
41
Methotrexate Approved Phase 3 59-05-2, 1959-05-2 126941
42
Cyproheptadine Approved Phase 3 129-03-3 2913
43
Methylphenidate Approved, Investigational Phase 3 113-45-1 4158
44
Norepinephrine Approved Phase 3 51-41-2 439260
45
Dactinomycin Approved, Investigational Phase 3 50-76-0 457193 2019
46
Vitamin C Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 3 50-81-7 5785 54670067
47
Ornithine Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 3 70-26-8, 3184-13-2 6262
48
Folic acid Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 3 59-30-3 6037
49 Pancreatic Polypeptide Investigational Phase 3 59763-91-6
50 Dianhydrogalactitol Investigational Phase 3 23261-20-3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 1444)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 A Prospective, Single-Blinded, Randomized Study of Awake vs Intubated General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy for Supratentorial Glioma Resection Completed NCT02193568 Phase 4
2 Phase II Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Perampanel in Seizure Patients With Primary Glial Brain Tumors Completed NCT02363933 Phase 4 Perampanel
3 Seizure Treatment IN Glioma (STING): Comparing a Treatment Strategy With Levetiracetam Versus Treatment With Valproic Acid in Glioma Patients With a First Seizure Recruiting NCT03048084 Phase 4 Levetiracetam;Valproic Acid
4 An Open Label, Multi-center Roll-over Study to Assess Long-term Effect in Pediatric Patients Treated With Tafinlar (Dabrafenib) and/or Mekinist (Trametinib) Recruiting NCT03975829 Phase 4 dabrafenib;trametinib
5 Open Label, Multi-center Roll-over Study to Assess Long Term Safety in Patients Who Have Completed a Global Novartis or GSK Sponsored Dabrafenib and/or Trametinib Study Recruiting NCT03340506 Phase 4 dabrafenib;trametinib
6 Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Brain Homeostasis and Neurocognitive Outcome of Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Exclusion Recruiting NCT04266665 Phase 4 Dexmedetomidine
7 A Study of CIK in Combination With Temozolomide With and Without Radiation in Adults With Advanced Malignant Gliomas Not yet recruiting NCT02496988 Phase 4 Temozolomide
8 Cognitive Rehabilitation of Glioma Patients: a Prospective, Randomized Study Unknown status NCT00256425 Phase 3
9 A Phase III Trial on Adjuvant Standard Temozolomide Chemotherapy With or Without Interferon-alpha in Newly Diagnosed High-grade Gliomas Unknown status NCT01765088 Phase 3 Temozolomide;α-IFN
10 Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial on the Impact of Presurgical Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Motor Mapping of Rolandic Lesions Unknown status NCT02879682 Phase 3
11 Prospective Randomized Trial of Two Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Regimens Versus Conventional Radiotherapy in Pediatric Diffuse Brainstem Glioma Unknown status NCT01878266 Phase 3
12 Phase 3 Study of Carmustine Sustained Release Implant (CASANT) to Treat Newly Diagnosed Malignant Glioma Unknown status NCT01656980 Phase 3 Carmustine
13 Impact of Surgery on the Treatment of Supratentorial Malignant Gliomas in Subjects Aged 70 and Over Unknown status NCT02892708 Phase 3
14 A Study Evaluating Dexamfetamine Sulphate in Patients With Glioma Suffering From Severe Asthenia. A Phase III Double-blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial Unknown status NCT02363075 Phase 3 Dexamfetamine sulphate;placebo
15 Ultimate Low Grade Glioma Study Unknown status NCT00003015 Phase 3 carboplatin;vincristine sulfate
16 Barrow 5-ALA Intraoperative Confocal Evaluation Trial Unknown status NCT01502280 Phase 3 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA);Placebo - ascorbic acid
17 A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind, Multi-center Clinical Study of Nimotuzumab Combinated With Gemcitabine Contrast to Placebo Combinated With Gemcitabine in K-RAS Wild-type,Locally Advanced and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Unknown status NCT02395016 Phase 3 nimotuzumab;Gemcitabine
18 Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and High Grade Glioma Unknown status NCT00278278 Phase 3 cisplatin;etoposide;ifosfamide;lomustine;methotrexate;prednisone;vincristine sulfate
19 A Phase III Clinical Trial Evaluating DCVax®-L, Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed With Tumor Lysate Antigen For The Treatment Of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Unknown status NCT00045968 Phase 3 Dendritic cell immunotherapy
20 A Prospective,Randomized,Double-Blind,Controlled,Multicenter,Phase III Study of Nimotuzumab in Combination With Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Patients With Local Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer Unknown status NCT01074021 Phase 3 Nimotuzumab;placebo plus chemoradiotherapy
21 Dose Intensive Chemotherapy for Children Less Than Ten Years of Age Newly-Diagnosed With Malignant Brain Tumors: A Pilot Study of Two Alternative Intensive Induction Chemotherapy Regimens, Followed by Consolidation With Myeloablative Chemotherapy (Thiotepa and Carboplatin, With or Without Etoposide) and Autologous Stem Cell Rescue [HEAD START III] Unknown status NCT00392886 Phase 3 carboplatin;cisplatin;cyclophosphamide;etoposide;methotrexate;temozolomide;thiotepa;vincristine sulfate
22 A Phase III Comparison of Hyperfractionated Radiation Therapy (RT) With BCNU and Conventional RT With BCNU for Supratentorial Malignant Glioma Completed NCT03722355 Phase 3 Carmustine
23 PET/CT Imaging of Malignant Glioma With Somatostatin Analog 68Ga-DOTATOC Completed NCT01460706 Phase 2, Phase 3 [68Ga]DOTATOC
24 A Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study of Armodafinil (Nuvigil®) To Reduce Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients With High Grade Glioma Completed NCT01781468 Phase 3 armodafinil 150 mg;armodafinil 250 mg
25 A Trial of Dalteparin Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Primary Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Brain Tumour Patients (PRODIGE) Completed NCT00135876 Phase 3 dalteparin
26 Clinical Study to Assess the Positive Predictive Value of NPC-07 Induced Tissue Fluorescence in Patients With Malignant Glioma (WHO Grades III/IV) Completed NCT01167322 Phase 3 NPC-07 for oral administration
27 Prospective Randomized Trial of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Versus Conventional Radiotherapy in Diffuse Brainstem Glioma in Children. Completed NCT01635140 Phase 3
28 A Phase II Study of Observation in Favorable Low-Grade Glioma and a Phase II Study of Radiation With or Without PCV Chemotherapy in Unfavorable Low-Grade Glioma Completed NCT00003375 Phase 2, Phase 3 lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;vincristine sulfate
29 Focal Fractionated Conformal Stereotactic Boost Following Conventional Radiotherapy of High Grade Gliomas: A Randomized Phase III Study Completed NCT00003916 Phase 3
30 A Prospective Randomised Trial Comparing Temozolomide With PCV In The Treatment Of Recurrent WHO Astrocytic Tumours Grades III And IV Completed NCT00052455 Phase 3 lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;temozolomide;vincristine sulfate
31 Randomized Controlled Trial of Acupressure to Control Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea (CIN) in Children Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy Completed NCT01346267 Phase 3
32 A Randomized Prospective Two Arm Clinical Trial of High Light Dose And Low Light Dose PDT in the Treatment of Recurrent Malignant Supratentorial Gliomas Using Porfimer Sodium [Photofrin] Completed NCT00118222 Phase 3 porfimer sodium
33 Phase III Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study of Donepezil in the Irradiated Brain Completed NCT00369785 Phase 3 donepezil hydrochloride;Placebo
34 Primary Chemotherapy With Temozolomide Versus Radiotherapy in Patients With Low Grade Gliomas After Stratification for Genetic 1p Loss: A Phase III Study Completed NCT00182819 Phase 3 temozolomide
35 Chemotherapy for Progressive Low Grade Astrocytoma in Children Less Than Ten Years Old Completed NCT00002944 Phase 3 carboplatin;lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;thioguanine;vincristine sulfate
36 A Phase III Randomized Trial for the Treatment of Pediatric High Grade Gliomas at First Recurrence With a Single High Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Versus Three Courses of Intermediate Dose Chemotherapy With Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Support Completed NCT00078988 Phase 3 carboplatin;etoposide;isotretinoin;thiotepa
37 Fluorescence-guided Resection of Malignant Gliomas With 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) vs. Conventional Resection Completed NCT00241670 Phase 3 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)
38 Randomized Study of Normal-fractionated Radiotherapy Versus Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in Patients Over 60 Years With Malignant Glioma Completed NCT00820963 Phase 3 temozolomide
39 NOA-04 Randomized Phase III Study of Sequential Radiochemotherapy of Anaplastic Glioma With PCV or Temozolomide Completed NCT00717210 Phase 3 Temozolomide
40 Phase III Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Conventional Concurrent Chemoradiation and Adjuvant Temozolomide Plus Bevacizumab Versus Conventional Concurrent Chemoradiation and Adjuvant Temozolomide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Completed NCT00884741 Phase 3 Temozolomide
41 PRECISE - Phase III Randomized Evaluation of Convection Enhanced Delivery of IL13-PE38QQR Compared to GLIADEL® Wafer With Survival Endpoint in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients at First Recurrence Completed NCT00076986 Phase 3 IL13-PE38QQR;prolifespan 20 with carmustine implant (GLIADEL® Wafer)
42 PHASE III STUDY OF ADJUVANT PROCARBAZINE, CCNU AND VINCRISTINE CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HIGHLY ANAPLASTIC OLIGODENDROGLIOMA Completed NCT00002840 Phase 3 lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;vincristine sulfate
43 Phase III Intergroup Randomized Comparison of Radiation Alone vs. Pre-Radiation Chemotherapy for Pure and Mixed Anaplastic Oligodendrogliomas Completed NCT00002569 Phase 3 lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;vincristine sulfate
44 A RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER, PHASE IIB/IIIA STUDY OF GEMCITABINE AND THE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY NIMOTUZUMAB (OSAG 101) VERSUS GEMCITABINE AND PLACEBO FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHEMOTHERAPY-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED OR METASTATIC PANCREATIC CANCER Completed NCT00561990 Phase 2, Phase 3 Nimotuzumab
45 A Phase III Randomized Study (Phase I Closed) of Radiation Therapy and Temozolomide Versus Radiation Therapy and Nitrosourea for Anaplastic Astrocytoma And Mixed Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma (Astrocytoma Dominant) Completed NCT00004259 Phase 3 BCNU 80mg/m2;TMZ 200mg/m2;CCNU;BCNU 150mg/m2;BCNU 200mg/m2;TMZ 150mg/m2 six 6-week cycles;TMZ 150mg/m2 six 8-week cycles
46 Chloroquine as Adjuvant to the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme, A Randomized Trial Completed NCT00224978 Phase 3 Chloroquine
47 A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Fentanyl Sublingual Spray (Fentanyl SL Spray) for the Treatment of Breakthrough Cancer Pain Completed NCT00538850 Phase 3 Fentanyl sublingual spray;Placebo
48 A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of AG-881 in Subjects With Residual or Recurrent Grade 2 Glioma With an IDH1 or IDH2 Mutation Recruiting NCT04164901 Phase 3 AG-881;Matching Placebo
49 A Study on β-elemene as Maintain Treatment for Complete Remission Patients of Newly Diagnosed Malignant Gliomas Following Standard Treatment Recruiting NCT02629757 Phase 3 β-elemene
50 A Randomized Phase 3 Open-Label Study To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Eflornithine With Lomustine Compared to Lomustine Alone in Patients With AA That Progress/Recur After Irradiation and Adjuvant Temozolomide Chemotherapy Recruiting NCT02796261 Phase 3 Eflornithine;Lomustine;Lomustine

Search NIH Clinical Center for Glioma

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Genetic Tests for Glioma

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Genetic tests related to Glioma:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Glioma 29
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Anatomical Context for Glioma

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Glioma:

40
Brain, T Cells, Endothelial, Spinal Cord, Testes, Bone, Retina
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Publications for Glioma

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Articles related to Glioma:

(show top 50) (show all 31139)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
MicroRNA-34a inhibits glioblastoma growth by targeting multiple oncogenes. 46 54 61
19773441 2009
2
Co-suppression of miR-221/222 cluster suppresses human glioma cell growth by targeting p27kip1 in vitro and in vivo. 46 61 54
19424584 2009
3
MicroRNA 21 promotes glioma invasion by targeting matrix metalloproteinase regulators. 54 61 46
18591254 2008
4
Identification and functional characterization of microRNAs involved in the malignant progression of gliomas. 46 61
19775293 2010
5
MicroRNA-10b is overexpressed in malignant glioma and associated with tumor invasive factors, uPAR and RhoC. 46 61
19536818 2009
6
microRNA-146b inhibits glioma cell migration and invasion by targeting MMPs. 61 46
19265686 2009
7
MicroRNA-15b regulates cell cycle progression by targeting cyclins in glioma cells. 46 61
19135980 2009
8
hsa-mir-181a and hsa-mir-181b function as tumor suppressors in human glioma cells. 61 46
18710654 2008
9
MicroRNA-21 knockdown disrupts glioma growth in vivo and displays synergistic cytotoxicity with neural precursor cell delivered S-TRAIL in human gliomas. 61 46
17908999 2007
10
JNK mediates insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2/integrin alpha5-dependent glioma cell migration. 61 54
20514406 2010
11
AKT2 expression is associated with glioma malignant progression and required for cell survival and invasion. 54 61
20514445 2010
12
Induction of S100B secretion in C6 astroglial cells by the major metabolites accumulating in glutaric acidemia type I. 61 54
20437086 2010
13
Combination therapy with Gamma Knife radiosurgery and antisense EGFR for malignant glioma in vitro and orthotopic xenografts. 61 54
20428813 2010
14
Inhibition of metalloproteinases derived from tumours: new insights in the treatment of human glioblastoma. 54 61
20382206 2010
15
A novel bicistronic high-capacity gutless adenovirus vector that drives constitutive expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and tet-inducible expression of Flt3L for glioma therapeutics. 61 54
20375153 2010
16
Glioma cell populations grouped by different cell type markers drive brain tumor growth. 54 61
20460538 2010
17
The carboxy-terminal tail of connexin43 gap junction protein is sufficient to mediate cytoskeleton changes in human glioma cells. 61 54
20512920 2010
18
Intussusceptive microvascular growth in human glioma. 61 54
19882213 2010
19
Gene expression profiling predicts response to temozolomide in malignant gliomas. 61 54
20428759 2010
20
Schweinfurthin A selectively inhibits proliferation and Rho signaling in glioma and neurofibromatosis type 1 tumor cells in a NF1-GRD-dependent manner. 54 61
20442305 2010
21
Genetic variants in inflammation pathway genes and asthma in glioma susceptibility. 54 61
20406895 2010
22
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 and induces human glioma invasion. 54 61
20388776 2010
23
CD40 is a regulator for vascular endothelial growth factor in the tumor microenvironment of glioma. 54 61
20303602 2010
24
Imaging of human glioma cells by means of a Syndecan-4 directed DOTA-conjugate. 61 54
19777324 2010
25
Akt signaling pathway: a target for radiosensitizing human malignant glioma. 61 54
20406894 2010
26
Bradykinin-induced cell migration and COX-2 production mediated by the bradykinin B1 receptor in glioma cells. 54 61
20411591 2010
27
Induction of apoptosis in glioma cells requires cell-to-cell contact with human umbilical cord blood stem cells. 54 61
20372790 2010
28
TRPV2 channel negatively controls glioma cell proliferation and resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis in ERK-dependent manner. 61 54
20093382 2010
29
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor type 1 regulates glioma cell proliferation and correlates with patient survival. 61 54
19810093 2010
30
FasL gene knock-down therapy enhances the antiglioma immune response. 54 61
20406899 2010
31
Immunohistochemical expression of stem cell, endothelial cell, and chemosensitivity markers in primary glioma spheroids cultured in serum-containing and serum-free medium. 54 61
20404698 2010
32
Hepatocyte growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with mortality and recurrence of glioblastoma, and could be of prognostic value. 54 61
19856144 2010
33
RECK-mediated inhibition of glioma migration and invasion. 54 61
20127710 2010
34
Nodal promotes growth and invasion in human gliomas. 54 61
20383200 2010
35
Human neural stem cells transduced with IFN-beta and cytosine deaminase genes intensify bystander effect in experimental glioma. 54 61
19893595 2010
36
Human umbilical cord blood stem cells show PDGF-D-dependent glioma cell tropism in vitro and in vivo. 61 54
20406896 2010
37
Clinical and biological significance of forkhead class box O 3a expression in glioma: mediation of glioma malignancy by transcriptional regulation of p27kip1. 61 54
19911116 2010
38
Cyr61 mediates hepatocyte growth factor-dependent tumor cell growth, migration, and Akt activation. 61 54
20233866 2010
39
Role of ERCC1 promoter hypermethylation in drug resistance to cisplatin in human gliomas. 54 61
19626585 2010
40
Chloroquine activates the p53 pathway and induces apoptosis in human glioma cells. 61 54
20308316 2010
41
Improved intratumoral oxygenation through vascular normalization increases glioma sensitivity to ionizing radiation. 61 54
20338480 2010
42
The chemokine receptor CXCR7 is highly expressed in human glioma cells and mediates antiapoptotic effects. 61 54
20388803 2010
43
Protective effect of autophagy in laser-induced glioma cell death in vitro. 54 61
20432283 2010
44
Cooperative expression of junctional adhesion molecule-C and -B supports growth and invasion of glioma. 54 61
19795504 2010
45
Peptide-based interference of the transmembrane domain of neuropilin-1 inhibits glioma growth in vivo. 61 54
20140015 2010
46
Upregulation of PTEN in glioma cells by cord blood mesenchymal stem cells inhibits migration via downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 61 54
20436671 2010
47
Erratum to: Hepatocyte growth factor production is stimulated by gangliosides and TGF-beta isoforms in human glioma cells. 61 54
20119650 2010
48
Molecular interaction and functional regulation of ClC-3 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in human malignant glioma. 54 61
20139089 2010
49
Target gene therapy of glioma: overexpression of BAX gene under the control of both tissue-specific promoter and hypoxia-inducible element. 61 54
20383466 2010
50
Defective cAMP generation underlies the sensitivity of CNS neurons to neurofibromatosis-1 heterozygosity. 61 54
20410111 2010
Sources

Variations for Glioma

About this section

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Glioma:

6 ‎‎
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID GRCh37 Pos GRCh38 Pos
1 subset of 188 genes: ELAVL2 , HNRNPK complex Likely pathogenic 617751 9:23524426-87359888

Cosmic variations for Glioma:

9 (show top 50) (show all 20748)
# Cosmic Mut ID Gene Symbol COSMIC Disease Classification
(Primary site, Site subtype, Primary histology, Histology subtype)		 Mutation CDS Mutation AA GRCh38 Location Conf
1 COSM85192834 ZW10 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.2140C>T p.P714S 11:113736699-113736699 8
2 COSM86922763 ZSWIM4 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.266C>T p.P89L 19:13799832-13799832 8
3 COSM88263742 ZRSR2 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.340C>T p.Q114* 23:15804138-15804138 8
4 COSM88261602 ZRSR2 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.961C>T p.P321S 23:15822754-15822754 8
5 COSM88263021 ZRSR2 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.260G>A p.R87K 23:15803744-15803744 8
6 COSM88261596 ZRSR2 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.271G>A p.E91K 23:15803755-15803755 8
7 COSM88262556 ZRSR2 central nervous system,brain,glioma,oligodendroglioma c.220G>A p.E74K 23:15803704-15803704 8
8 COSM87830624 ZPLD1 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.393A>T p.G131= 3:102456210-102456210 8
9 COSM106156998 ZNF697 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1550G>A p.G517D 1:119622793-119622793 8
10 COSM93171584 ZNF687 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.3651C>T p.T1217= 1:151291146-151291146 8
11 COSM93173649 ZNF687 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.2044T>A p.C682S 1:151288335-151288335 8
12 COSM93173639 ZNF687 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.2043G>C p.Q681H 1:151288334-151288334 8
13 COSM91851905 ZNF507 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1517G>C p.R506T 19:32354347-32354347 8
14 COSM141790125 ZNF473 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.42C>T p.D14= 19:50039193-50039193 8
15 COSM116582422 ZMYND8 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.2176G>A p.D726N 20:47246116-47246116 8
16 COSM116576154 ZMYND8 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.2162T>G p.V721G 20:47246130-47246130 8
17 COSM143109865 ZMYM2 central nervous system,spinal cord,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1134-1G>T p.? 13:20005073-20005073 8
18 COSM85100068 ZMAT4 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.76G>A p.E26K 8:40825601-40825601 8
19 COSM149300699 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.8198G>A p.R2733H 16:72794484-72794484 8
20 COSM149299313 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.145C>T p.P49S 16:72960001-72960001 8
21 COSM149332069 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,oligodendroglioma c.2680G>A p.D894N 16:72957466-72957466 8
22 COSM149314219 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1819G>A p.E607K 16:72958327-72958327 8
23 COSM149332063 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,oligodendroglioma c.9154G>A p.V3052I 16:72793528-72793528 8
24 COSM149268215 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,oligodendroglioma c.6025T>C p.Y2009H 16:72796657-72796657 8
25 COSM149261414 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,oligodendroglioma c.8300G>A p.G2767E 16:72794382-72794382 8
26 COSM149332473 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.4279G>A p.A1427T 16:72798403-72798403 8
27 COSM149260463 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.8647A>G p.M2883V 16:72794035-72794035 8
28 COSM149318917 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,oligodendroglioma c.8600C>T p.S2867F 16:72794082-72794082 8
29 COSM149322400 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.934G>A p.D312N 16:72959212-72959212 8
30 COSM149332483 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.461G>A p.G154E 16:72959685-72959685 8
31 COSM149301326 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.3607G>T p.E1203* 16:72811961-72811961 8
32 COSM149290610 ZFHX3 central nervous system,brain,glioma,oligodendroglioma c.3986G>A p.G1329E 16:72798696-72798696 8
33 COSM99901198 ZFC3H1 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1055G>A p.S352N 12:71647774-71647774 8
34 COSM101569963 ZFAT central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1042G>A p.V348M 8:134602677-134602677 8
35 COSM95277357 ZEB1 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1916C>T p.S639L 10:31521248-31521248 8
36 COSM103622530 ZC3H6 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.2254G>T p.G752* 2:112331172-112331172 8
37 COSM91491845 ZBTB4 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.2842C>T p.L948F 17:7462140-7462140 8
38 COSM84837968 ZBTB24 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1886C>T p.P629L 6:109466059-109466059 8
39 COSM90915425 ZBTB21 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.997G>A p.G333S 21:41993099-41993099 8
40 COSM90305990 ZBTB16 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.413C>T p.A138V 11:114063713-114063713 8
41 COSM143644232 ZAN central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.7726G>A p.D2576N 7:100792418-100792418 8
42 COSM143637592 ZAN central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.5014T>A p.Y1672N 7:100767984-100767984 8
43 COSM84602556 YWHAH central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.169C>T p.R57* 22:31956220-31956220 8
44 COSM84307194 YTHDC2 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.782C>T p.A261V 5:113532985-113532985 8
45 COSM152021881 YES1 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.832C>T p.R278* 18:743308-743308 8
46 COSM152022185 YES1 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1153G>A p.A385T 18:736946-736946 8
47 COSM152022282 YES1 central nervous system,brain,glioma,oligodendroglioma c.259G>C p.A87P 18:756569-756569 8
48 COSM143036122 YAP1 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.538G>A p.A180T 11:102114360-102114360 8
49 COSM143035411 YAP1 central nervous system,brain,glioma,astrocytoma Grade IV c.1181C>T p.T394I 11:102227474-102227474 8
50 COSM143036045 YAP1 central nervous system,brain,glioma,oligodendroglioma c.1024G>A p.A342T 11:102209544-102209544 8

Copy number variations for Glioma from CNVD:

7 (show top 50) (show all 1065)
# CNVD ID Chromosome Start End Type Gene Symbol CNVD Disease
1 13321 2 208809197 208828051 Copy number IDH1 Glioma
2 14132 1 10403401 10408000 Deletion Glioma
3 14198 1 105227801 105232100 Deletion Glioma
4 15004 1 111800000 116100000 Deletion Glioma
5 15199 1 113411001 113417300 Deletion BC037540 Glioma
6 15250 1 113839501 113849000 Deletion Glioma
7 15641 1 117679901 117685200 Deletion Glioma
8 15695 1 118394101 118397900 Deletion Glioma
9 19119 1 148648801 148652600 Deletion Glioma
10 19806 1 151480801 151485400 Deletion Glioma
11 20843 1 154791301 154797500 Deletion IQGAP3 Glioma
12 21174 1 157132201 157138600 Deletion Glioma
13 21291 1 157913501 157918300 Deletion Glioma
14 21685 1 160317401 160321200 Deletion Glioma
15 23692 1 173061201 173070300 Deletion Glioma
16 24042 1 174742901 174746800 Deletion Glioma
17 24302 1 178448601 178452400 Deletion Glioma
18 25156 1 185029601 185033600 Deletion Glioma
19 25220 1 185729601 185734900 Deletion Glioma
20 25241 1 185980701 185991100 Deletion Glioma
21 25290 1 186804101 186808700 Deletion Glioma
22 25655 1 192615401 192619700 Deletion Glioma
23 26024 1 195765301 195771800 Deletion Glioma
24 26054 1 196268601 196275300 Deletion Glioma
25 26178 1 197703301 197708700 Deletion Glioma
26 26883 1 20368201 20372100 Deletion PLA2G2C Glioma
27 26979 1 204445801 204451500 Deletion Glioma
28 27209 1 205357001 205361800 Deletion Glioma
29 27636 1 210535701 210541200 Deletion Glioma
30 27909 1 215522601 215526900 Deletion Glioma
31 27938 1 216247201 216257200 Deletion Glioma
32 27948 1 216310301 216315100 Deletion Glioma
33 28054 1 217987801 217992100 Deletion Glioma
34 28169 1 219443901 219451100 Deletion Glioma
35 28238 1 220438701 220448900 Deletion Glioma
36 28860 1 226089101 226092600 Deletion Glioma
37 29433 1 232027401 232031900 Deletion Glioma
38 29707 1 234613701 234620000 Deletion Glioma
39 29744 1 234984301 234988400 Deletion ACTN2 Glioma
40 29950 1 238457901 238463400 Deletion Glioma
41 29974 1 238682401 238685500 Deletion Glioma
42 30033 1 239425501 239429300 Deletion Glioma
43 30273 1 241490101 241494000 Deletion Glioma
44 30527 1 244220301 244224400 Deletion Glioma
45 30564 1 244503701 244507900 Deletion Glioma
46 30805 1 246116501 246126100 Deletion OR2W3 Glioma
47 31058 1 25029301 25036000 Deletion Glioma
48 31536 1 28129101 28135200 Deletion SMPDL3B Glioma
49 31728 1 30200000 32400000 Deletion Glioma
50 33111 1 42513801 42517800 Deletion FOXJ3 Glioma
Sources

Expression for Glioma

About this section
Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Glioma.
Sources

Pathways for Glioma

About this section

Pathways related to Glioma according to KEGG:

36
# Name Kegg Source Accession
1 Glioma hsa05214
2 MicroRNAs in cancer hsa05206

Pathways related to Glioma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Alzheimers Disease 1
11.73 MIR21 MIR184 MIR181A2 LINC00461
2
MicroRNAs in cancer 36
11.66 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR181A2 MIR17
3
miRNAs involved in DNA damage response 1
11.2 MIR222 MIR221 MIR15B
4
Cell Differentiation - Index 1
10.84 MIR222 MIR221 MIR181A2 MIR146B
5
LncRNA-mediated mechanisms of therapeutic resistance 1
10.41 UCA1 MEG3 HOTAIR
Sources

GO Terms for Glioma

About this section

Cellular components related to Glioma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular vesicle GO:1903561 9.1 MIR34A MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR17 MIR15B

Biological processes related to Glioma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 29)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 negative regulation of gene expression GO:0010629 9.91 MIR21 MIR181A2 MIR17 CDKN2B-AS1
2 negative regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050728 9.81 MIR222 MIR221 MIR181A2
3 negative regulation of angiogenesis GO:0016525 9.81 MIR34A MIR222 MIR21 MIR15B
4 positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition GO:0010718 9.7 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21
5 negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis GO:1903671 9.67 MIR34A MIR221 MIR17
6 regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process GO:2000377 9.64 MIR21 FOXO1
7 positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response GO:1900017 9.63 MIR21 MIR17
8 negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration GO:1904753 9.63 MIR34A MIR21
9 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process GO:0010666 9.62 MIR34A MIR17
10 positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation GO:0045603 9.62 MIR21 MIR181A2
11 positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:1904707 9.62 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR17
12 negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process GO:1903427 9.61 MIR21 MIR181A2
13 negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production GO:1904046 9.61 MIR34A MIR17 MIR15B
14 positive regulation of connective tissue replacement GO:1905205 9.6 MIR34A MIR15B
15 negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production GO:0060354 9.59 MIR222 MIR221
16 negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation GO:1905064 9.58 MIR221 MIR15B
17 positive regulation of axon regeneration GO:0048680 9.58 MIR222 MIR221
18 negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell GO:1904995 9.57 MIR222 MIR221
19 positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity GO:1904685 9.56 MIR21 MIR17
20 negative regulation by host of viral genome replication GO:0044828 9.55 MIR222 MIR221
21 negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process GO:1905460 9.54 MIR21 MIR17
22 negative regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway GO:1903122 9.48 MIR222 MIR221
23 gene silencing by miRNA GO:0035195 9.47 NEAT1 MIR34A MIR296 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21
24 positive regulation of Schwann cell migration GO:1900149 9.46 MIR222 MIR221
25 negative regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process GO:0045391 9.43 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21
26 miRNA mediated inhibition of translation GO:0035278 9.43 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR181A2 MIR17 MIR15B
27 positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration GO:1905046 9.4 MIR222 MIR221
28 negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation GO:1902034 9.37 MIR222 MIR221
29 negative regulation of interleukin-21 production GO:0032705 9.33 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21

Molecular functions related to Glioma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 mRNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing GO:1903231 9.28 MIR34A MIR296 MIR222 MIR221 MIR21 MIR181A2
Sources

Sources for Glioma

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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