Glioma disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: GLM045 MIFTS: 54	Glioma Categories: Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Download Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Glioma

MalaCards integrated aliases for Glioma:

Name: Glioma ⁵³ ³⁷ ²⁹ ⁵⁵ ⁷³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

KEGG ³⁷ H00042

UMLS ⁷³ C0017638

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Summaries for Glioma

NIH Rare Diseases : ⁵³ Glioma refers to a type of brain tumor that develops from the glial cells, which are specialized cells that surround and support neurons (nerve cells) in the brain. It is generally classified based on which type of glial cell is involved in the tumor: Astocytoma - tumors that develop from star-shaped glial cells called astrocytes Ependymomas - tumors that arise from ependymal cells that line the ventricles of the brain and the center of the spinal cord Oligodendrogliomas - tumors that affect the oligodendrocytes The symptoms of glioma vary by type but may include headaches; nausea and vomiting; confusion; personality changes; trouble with balance; vision problems; speech difficulties; and/or seizures. The exact underlying cause is unknown. In most cases, the tumor occurs sporadically in people with no family history of the condition. Treatment depends on many factors, including the type, size, stage and location of the tumor, but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy.

MalaCards based summary : Glioma is related to malignant glioma and astrocytoma. An important gene associated with Glioma is MIR21 (MicroRNA 21
Pretreatment of glioma cells with locked nucleic acid (LNA)-antimiR-21 molecules leads to synergistic antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Glioma and MicroRNAs in cancer. The drugs Lenograstim and Etoposide have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, t cells and endothelial.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine. Gliomas comprise... more...

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Related Diseases for Glioma

Diseases in the Glioma family:

Malignant Glioma

Diseases related to Glioma via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 399)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	malignant glioma	34.7	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOXA11-AS MALAT1 MEG3
2	astrocytoma	33.5	H19 HOTAIR MIR21 NEAT1
3	retinoblastoma	33.1	HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3 MIR34A
4	neuroblastoma	31.8	H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3 MIR184 MIR221
5	glioblastoma	31.3	H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3 MIR181A2 MIR21
6	medulloblastoma	31.2	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR MIR17 MIR34A
7	pituitary adenoma	31.1	H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3
8	melanoma	31.0	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3 MIR181A2
9	small cell cancer of the lung	30.9	HOTAIR MALAT1 MIR21
10	lung cancer susceptibility 3	30.8	H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3
11	squamous cell carcinoma	30.7	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 NEAT1
12	diffuse large b-cell lymphoma	30.7	HOTAIR MIR21 MIR221
13	b-cell lymphomas	30.4	HOTAIR MALAT1 MIR17
14	nasopharyngeal carcinoma	30.4	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3 NEAT1
15	osteogenic sarcoma	30.3	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR HOXA11-AS MALAT1 MEG3
16	systemic lupus erythematosus	30.3	MALAT1 MIR15B MIR184 MIR296 NEAT1
17	leukemia, acute myeloid	30.2	CDKN2B-AS1 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3 MIR15B MIR181A2
18	lung cancer	30.1	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR HOXA11-AS MALAT1 MEG3
19	hepatocellular carcinoma	30.0	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR HOXA11-AS MALAT1 MEG3
20	gastric cancer	30.0	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR HOXA11-AS MALAT1 MEG3
21	pancreatic cancer	30.0	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3 MIR15B
22	breast cancer	29.9	CDKN2B-AS1 FOXO1 H19 HOTAIR HOXA11-AS MALAT1
23	thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 1	29.9	H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3 MIR146B MIR181A2
24	ovarian cancer	29.7	CDKN2B-AS1 H19 HOTAIR HOXA11-AS MALAT1 MEG3
25	prostate cancer	29.6	CDKN2B-AS1 FOXO1 H19 HOTAIR MALAT1 MEG3
26	glioma susceptibility 1	12.4
27	optic nerve glioma	12.3
28	brain stem glioma	12.3
29	diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma	12.3
30	childhood brain stem glioma	12.2
31	optic pathway glioma	12.2
32	glioma susceptibility 2	12.2
33	glioma susceptibility 3	12.1
34	glioma susceptibility 9	12.1
35	brain glioma	12.1
36	mixed glioma	12.1
37	third ventricle chordoid glioma	12.0
38	chordoid glioma	12.0
39	subependymal glioma	12.0
40	spinal cord glioma	12.0
41	childhood optic nerve glioma	12.0
42	angiocentric glioma	12.0
43	glioma susceptibility 4	11.8
44	glioma susceptibility 6	11.8
45	glioma susceptibility 8	11.8
46	adult brain stem glioma	11.8
47	adult brainstem mixed glioma	11.8
48	glioma susceptibility 5	11.8
49	glioma susceptibility 7	11.8
50	visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma, childhood	11.7

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Glioma:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Glioma

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Glioma

Drugs for Glioma (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 660)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Lenograstim

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

135968-09-1

Etoposide

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

33419-42-0

36462

Cisplatin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

15663-27-1

84093 441203 2767

Carboplatin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

41575-94-4

10339178 498142 38904

Dacarbazine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

4342-03-4

5351166

Vincristine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

2068-78-2, 57-22-7

5978

Methotrexate

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

1959-05-2, 59-05-2

126941

Temozolomide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

85622-93-1

5394

Thiotepa

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

52-24-4

5453

Cyclophosphamide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

50-18-0, 6055-19-2

2907

Mesna

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

3375-50-6

598

Piracetam

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2

7491-74-9

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4,Not Applicable

59467-70-8

4192

Valproic Acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1

99-66-1

3121

Benzocaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

1994-09-7, 94-09-7

2337

Dabrafenib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 1

1195765-45-7

44462760 44516822

Trametinib

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 1

871700-17-3

11707110

leucovorin

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

58-05-9

143 6006

Folic Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

59-30-3

6037

Glutamic Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4,Not Applicable

56-86-0

33032

tannic acid

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Lactitol

Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 1

585-86-4

3871

Etiracetam

Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

33996-58-6

Alkylating Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Folic Acid Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Early Phase 1,Not Applicable

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Early Phase 1,Not Applicable

Nootropic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Early Phase 1,Not Applicable

Dermatologic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Vitamin B Complex

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Early Phase 1,Not Applicable

Etoposide phosphate

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Immunosuppressive Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Early Phase 1,Not Applicable

Anticonvulsants

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Protective Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antirheumatic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Antimetabolites

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Antimitotic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

GABA Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Neuroprotective Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 1

Anesthetics

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Tranquilizing Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Anti-Anxiety Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 2071)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Perampanel in Seizure Patients With Primary Glial Brain Tumors	Completed	NCT02363933	Phase 4	Perampanel
2	Standard Temodal (Temozolomide) Regimen Versus Standard Regimen Plus Early Postsurgery Temodal for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (Study P05572)	Completed	NCT00686725	Phase 4	Temozolomide
3	Seizure Treatment in Glioma	Recruiting	NCT03048084	Phase 4	Levetiracetam;Valproic Acid
4	Light Sedation or Intubated General Anesthesia in Patients With Brain Cancer Undergoing Craniotomy	Recruiting	NCT02193568	Phase 4
5	Dabrafenib and/or Trametinib Rollover Study	Recruiting	NCT03340506	Phase 4	dabrafenib;trametinib
6	HeadStart4: Newly Diagnosed Children (<10 y/o) With Medulloblastoma and Other CNS Embryonal Tumors	Recruiting	NCT02875314	Phase 4	Induction;Single Cycle Intensive Chemotherapy;Tandem 3 Cycle Intensive Chemotherapy
7	Assessment of Optune Therapy for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Using Advanced MRI	Recruiting	NCT03297125	Phase 4
8	Supra-early Post-Surgery Chemotherapy in the Treatment on GBM Patients	Recruiting	NCT02520635	Phase 4	supra-early TEMODAL® chemotherapy;standard TEMODAL® chemotherapy
9	Effect of Cytokine-induced Killer Cells for Advanced Malignant Gliomas	Not yet recruiting	NCT02496988	Phase 4	Temozolomide
10	Post-approval Study of NovoTTF-100A in Recurrent GBM Patients	Terminated	NCT01756729	Phase 4
11	Safety and Efficacy Study of Intracranially Implanted Carmustine to Treat Newly Diagnosed Malignant Glioma	Unknown status	NCT01656980	Phase 3	Carmustine
12	Cognitive Rehabilitation of Glioma Patients	Unknown status	NCT00256425	Phase 3
13	Prospective Trial of Two Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Regimens Versus Conventional Radiotherapy in Diffuse Brainstem Glioma in Children	Unknown status	NCT01878266	Phase 3
14	Combination Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy With or Without Methotrexate in Treating Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Gliomas	Unknown status	NCT00278278	Phase 3	cisplatin;etoposide;ifosfamide;lomustine;methotrexate;prednisone;vincristine sulfate
15	Carboplatin Plus Vincristine in Treating Children and Adolescents With Low Grade Glioma	Unknown status	NCT00003015	Phase 3	carboplatin;vincristine sulfate
16	Surgery, Radiation Therapy, and Chemotherapy With or Without Photodynamic Therapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Malignant Supratentorial Gliomas	Unknown status	NCT00003788	Phase 3	carmustine;lomustine;porfimer sodium;procarbazine hydrochloride
17	A Study of Nimotuzumab Combinated With Gemcitabine in K-RAS Wild-type Locally Advanced and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer	Unknown status	NCT02395016	Phase 3	nimotuzumab;Gemcitabine
18	Nimotuzumab in Combination With Chemoradiation for Nasopharyngeal Cancer	Unknown status	NCT01074021	Phase 3	Nimotuzumab;placebo plus chemoradiotherapy
19	SCRT Versus Conventional RT in Children and Young Adults With Low Grade and Benign Brain Tumors	Unknown status	NCT00517959	Phase 3
20	Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Brain Tumor Resections	Unknown status	NCT01655927	Phase 3	Tranexamic Acid;Placebo: Saline
21	Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Etoposide Followed By an Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Young Patients With Previously Untreated Malignant Brain Tumors	Unknown status	NCT00392886	Phase 3	carboplatin;cisplatin;cyclophosphamide;etoposide;methotrexate;temozolomide;thiotepa;vincristine sulfate
22	The Effect of Escitalopram on Mood, Quality of Life and Cognitive Functioning in Glioblastoma Patients	Unknown status	NCT02623231	Phase 2, Phase 3	Escitalopram;placebo
23	Metronomic Temozolamide in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma	Unknown status	NCT01308632	Phase 2, Phase 3	Temozolamide, irinotecan
24	Stem Cell Transplant for High Risk Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors	Unknown status	NCT00179803	Phase 2, Phase 3
25	Therapy Optimization Trial for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Brain Tumors in Children	Unknown status	NCT00749723	Phase 2, Phase 3	carboplatin;etoposide;temozolomide;thiotepa, carboplatin, etoposide;temozolomide, thiotepa;etoposide;trofosfamide/etoposide
26	Radiation Therapy Plus Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Medulloblastoma	Unknown status	NCT00053872	Phase 3	cisplatin;lomustine;vincristine sulfate
27	Imaging Malignant Glioma With 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT	Completed	NCT01460706	Phase 2, Phase 3	[68Ga]DOTATOC
28	Study of NPC-07 for Fluorescence-guided Resection of Malignant Gliomas	Completed	NCT01167322	Phase 3	NPC-07 for oral administration
29	Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Versus Conventional Radiotherapy in Diffuse Brainstem Glioma in Children	Completed	NCT01635140	Phase 3
30	Fluorescence-guided Resection of Malignant Gliomas With 5-Aminolevulinic Acid	Completed	NCT00241670	Phase 3	5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)
31	Radiation Therapy or Temozolomide in Treating Patients With Gliomas	Completed	NCT00182819	Phase 3	temozolomide
32	Vorinostat, Temozolomide, or Bevacizumab in Combination With Radiation Therapy Followed by Bevacizumab and Temozolomide in Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Glioma	Completed	NCT01236560	Phase 2, Phase 3	Temozolomide;Vorinostat
33	Randomized Phase III Study of Sequential Radiochemotherapy of Anaplastic Glioma With PCV or Temozolomide	Completed	NCT00717210	Phase 3	Temozolomide
34	Standard Radiation Therapy With or Without Stereotactic Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Glioma	Completed	NCT00003916	Phase 3
35	Observation or Radiation Therapy With or Without Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Low-Grade Glioma	Completed	NCT00003375	Phase 2, Phase 3	lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;vincristine sulfate
36	High-Dose Chemotherapy Plus Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Compared With Intermediate-Dose Chemotherapy Plus Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation With or Without Isotretinoin in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas	Completed	NCT00078988	Phase 3	carboplatin;etoposide;isotretinoin;thiotepa
37	High Light and Low Light Dose PDT in Glioma	Completed	NCT00118222	Phase 3	porfimer sodium
38	Radiation Therapy Combined With Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Anaplastic Astrocytoma or Mixed Gliomas	Completed	NCT00004259	Phase 3	BCNU 80mg/m2;TMZ 200mg/m2;CCNU;BCNU 150mg/m2;BCNU 200mg/m2;TMZ 150mg/m2 six 6-week cycles;TMZ 150mg/m2 six 8-week cycles
39	Temozolomide Compared to Procarbazine, Lomustine, and Vincristine in Treating Patients With Recurrent Malignant Glioma	Completed	NCT00052455	Phase 3	lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;temozolomide;vincristine sulfate
40	Standard Radiation Therapy, Higher-Dose Radiation Therapy, or Chemotherapy in Treating Older Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme	Completed	NCT00820963	Phase 3	temozolomide
41	Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Brain Cancer	Completed	NCT00002620	Phase 3	carmustine;chemotherapy;mitolactol
42	Radiotherapy for Malignant Astrocytomas in the Elderly	Completed	NCT00430911	Phase 3	Radiotherapy
43	Dalteparin Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Primary Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Brain Tumour Patients	Completed	NCT00135876	Phase 3	dalteparin
44	Radiation Therapy With or Without Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma	Completed	NCT00002569	Phase 3	lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;vincristine sulfate
45	Chloroquine for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme	Completed	NCT00224978	Phase 3	Chloroquine
46	Radiation Therapy With and Without Combination Chemotherapy in Patients With Resected Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma	Completed	NCT00002840	Phase 3	lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;vincristine sulfate
47	Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Progressive Brain Tumors	Completed	NCT00002944	Phase 3	carboplatin;lomustine;procarbazine hydrochloride;thioguanine;vincristine sulfate
48	Acupressure in Controlling Nausea in Young Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy	Completed	NCT01346267	Phase 3
49	The PRECISE Trial: Study of IL13-PE38QQR Compared to GLIADEL Wafer in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme	Completed	NCT00076986	Phase 3	IL13-PE38QQR;prolifespan 20 with carmustine implant (GLIADEL® Wafer)
50	Fentanyl Sublingual Spray in Treating Patients With Breakthrough Cancer Pain	Completed	NCT00538850	Phase 3	Fentanyl sublingual spray;Placebo

Search NIH Clinical Center for Glioma

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Genetic Tests for Glioma

Genetic tests related to Glioma:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Glioma ²⁹

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Anatomical Context for Glioma

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Glioma:

⁴¹

Brain, T Cells, Endothelial, Spinal Cord, Bone, Testes, Bone Marrow

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Publications for Glioma

Articles related to Glioma:

(show top 50) (show all 7189)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Intraoperative Photodynamic Diagnosis Using Talaporfin Sodium Simultaneously Applied for Photodynamic Therapy against Malignant Glioma: A Prospective Clinical Study. ( 29441040 )	Shimizu K....Muragaki Y.	2018
2	Progressive optic nerve glioma: orbital biopsy technique using a surgical navigation system. ( 29426453 )	Hussain A....DeAngelis D.	2018
3	Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Rilotumumab and Bevacizumab in Subjects with Recurrent Malignant Glioma. ( 29666296 )	Affronti M.L....Peters K.B.	2018
4	Long non-coding RNA ENST01108 promotes carcinogenesis of glioma by acting as a molecular sponge to modulate miR-489. ( 29421578 )	Xu D....Ma P.	2018
5	IDH1 mutation is associated with a higher preoperative seizure incidence in low-grade glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( 29414139 )	Li Y....Fan X.	2018
6	Staged Image-guided Robotic Radiosurgery and Deferred Chemotherapy to Treat a Malignant Glioma During and After Pregnancy. ( 29632751 )	Romanelli P....Clerico A.	2018
7	Gene Fusion in Malignant Glioma: An Emerging Target for Next-Generation Personalized Treatment. ( 29571074 )	Xu T....Chen J.	2018
8	Sinomenine Induces G1-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Malignant Glioma Cells Via Downregulation of Sirtuin 1 and Induction of p53 Acetylation. ( 29756546 )	He X....Li H.	2018
9	Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in brain glioma patients: Is the virus protective from gliomas? ( 29930869 )	Jokonya L....Kalangu K.K.N.	2018
10	Expression of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in Brain Glioma and its Correlation with Tumor Grade. ( 29731795 )	Saffar H....Azimi S.	2018
11	MicroRNA-124-3p represses cell growth and cell motility by targeting EphA2 in glioma. ( 29969628 )	Wu Q....Li Q.	2018
12	Hyperbaric oxygen inhibits production of CD3+ T cells in the thymus and facilitates malignant glioma cell growth. ( 29785863 )	Wang Y.G....Song H.	2018
13	Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in glioma patients. ( 29445288 )	Li J....Liu Y.	2018
14	Expression and functional analysis of TCF4 isoforms in human glioma cells. ( 29436621 )	Liu Z....Diao B.	2018
15	The long non-coding RNA <i>HOTAIR</i> is transcriptionally activated by HOXA9 and is an independent prognostic marker in patients with malignant glioma. ( 29644006 )	Xavier-MagalhALes A....Costa B.M.	2018
16	Clinical, Radiologic, Pathologic, and Molecular Characteristics of Long-Term Survivors of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG): A Collaborative Report From the International and European Society for Pediatric Oncology DIPG Registries. ( 29746225 )	Hoffman L.M....Fouladi M.	2018
17	CDK4/6 and PDGFRA Signaling as Therapeutic Targets in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. ( 29904623 )	Hoeman C....Becher O.J.	2018
18	Corrigendum: Immune Response Generated With the Administration of Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed With an Allogenic Tumoral Cell-Lines Lysate in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. ( 29897054 )	Benitez-Ribas D....Morales La Madrid A.	2018
19	Correction to: A phase I/II study of gemcitabine during radiotherapy in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. ( 29063425 )	Veldhuijzen van Zanten S.E.M....Kaspers G.J.L.	2018
20	End-of-Life Care in High-Grade Glioma Patients. The Palliative and Supportive Perspective. ( 29966347 )	Giammalva G.R....Maugeri R.	2018
21	Isolated Optic Nerve Glioma in Children With and Without Neurofibromatosis: Retrospective Characterization and Analysis of Outcomes. ( 29502465 )	Hamideh D....Qaddoumi I.	2018
22	Targeting the extradomain A of fibronectin allows identification of vascular resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in experimental glioma. ( 29963235 )	Acker G....Czabanka M.	2018
23	ACE I/D sequence variants but not MTHFR C677T, is strongly linked to malignant glioma risk and its variant DD genotype may act as a promising predictive biomarker for overall survival of glioma patients. ( 29017962 )	Pandith A.A....Bhat A.R.	2018
24	Malignant Melanoma Metastatic to Oligodendroglioma: Case Report and Literature Review of Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis to Gliomas. ( 29746652 )	Giantini Larsen A....Cahill D.P.	2018
25	IL-13 receptors as possible therapeutic targets in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. ( 29621254 )	Berlow N.E....Keller C.	2018
26	Association Between IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations and Preoperative Seizures in Patients with Low-Grade Versus High-Grade Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( 29288860 )	Phan K....Wilson P.	2018
27	Delineation of the visual pathway in paediatric optic pathway glioma patients using probabilistic tractography, and correlations with visual acuity. ( 29527480 )	Hales P.W....Clark C.	2018
28	Insights into optic pathway glioma vision loss from mouse models of neurofibromatosis type 1. ( 29704429 )	Freret M.E....Gutmann D.H.	2018
29	Overexpression of centrosomal protein 55 regulates the proliferation of glioma cell and mediates proliferation promoted by EGFRvIII in glioblastoma U251 cells. ( 29434995 )	Zhu H....Li G.	2018
30	Snail regulates BMP and TGFI^ pathways to control the differentiation status of glioma-initiating cells. ( 29449696 )	Caja L....Moustakas A.	2018
31	MicroRNA-599 suppresses glioma progression by targeting RAB27B. ( 29963197 )	Jiang Y....Lai R.	2018
32	Immunotherapies for malignant glioma. ( 29242608 )	Boussiotis V.A....Charest A.	2018
33	Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus mimicking high-grade glioma: A case report and review of literature. ( 29879076 )	Su L....Lao M.	2018
34	GBP3 promotes glioma cell proliferation via SQSTM1/p62-ERK1/2 axis. ( 29128363 )	Xu H....Lan Q.	2018
35	Novel Role of FBXW7 Circular RNA in Repressing Glioma Tumorigenesis. ( 28903484 )	Yang Y....Zhang N.	2018
36	GLUT5 increases fructose utilization and promotes tumor progression in glioma. ( 29660339 )	Su C....Gao W.	2018
37	Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 is highly expressed in C6 glioma cells and human astrocytoma. ( 29805628 )	Liu Z.G....Yu J.M.	2018
38	Antitumor effect of a new nano-vector with miRNA-135a on malignant glioma. ( 29343959 )	Liang C....Guo Y.	2018
39	A recurrent kinase domain mutation in PRKCA defines chordoid glioma of the third ventricle. ( 29476136 )	Goode B....Solomon D.A.	2018
40	Seizures and Tumor Progression in Glioma Patients with Uncontrollable Epilepsy Treated with Perampanel. ( 29970574 )	Izumoto S....Fujita M.	2018
41	I^-asarone inhibited cell growth and promoted autophagy via P53/Bcl-2/Bclin-1 and P53/AMPK/mTOR pathways in Human Glioma U251 cells. ( 28776671 )	Wang N....Fang Y.	2018
42	NRG oncology RTOG 9006: a phase III randomized trial of hyperfractionated radiotherapy (RT) and BCNU versus standard RT and BCNU for malignant glioma patients. ( 29404979 )	Ali A.N....Curran W.J.	2018
43	Combination therapy of intravenously injected microglia and radiotherapy prolongs survival in a rat model of spontaneous malignant glioma. ( 29928947 )	Okonogi N....Nakano T.	2018
44	Impact of concurrent versus adjuvant chemotherapy on the severity and duration of lymphopenia in glioma patients treated with radiation therapy. ( 29143923 )	Lin A.J....Huang J.	2018
45	The Integration of Biology Into the Treatment of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: A Review of the North American Clinical Trial Perspective. ( 29868485 )	Clymer J....Kieran M.W.	2018
46	Discovery of N-{3-[(ethanimidoylamino)methyl]benzyl}-l-prolinamide dihydrochloride: A new potent and selective inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase as a promising agent for the therapy of malignant glioma. ( 29689474 )	Maccallini C....Amoroso R.	2018
47	Repression of the expression of PPP3CC by ZEB1 confers activation of NF-I_B and contributes to invasion and growth in glioma cells. ( 29294030 )	Wang H....Liu L.	2018
48	5-ALA in the management of malignant glioma. ( 29737540 )	Stepp H....Stummer W.	2018
49	Biodegradable hybrid-structured nanofibrous membrane supported chemoprotective gene therapy enhances chemotherapy tolerance and efficacy in malignant glioma rats. ( 29658349 )	Liu S.J....Tseng Y.Y.	2018
50	Enhancement of malignant properties of human glioma cells by ganglioside GD3/GD2. ( 29436609 )	Iwasawa T....Furukawa K.	2018

Sources

Genes for Glioma

Genes related to Glioma (10 elite genes):

(show top 50) (show all 112)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	MIR21	MicroRNA 21 Pretreatment of glioma cells with locked nucleic acid (LNA)-antimiR-21 molecules leads to synergistic antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.	RNA Gene	407.13	Causal ⁴⁷ Unspecified ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	17908999 19775293
2	MIR221	MicroRNA 221 In the current study, an inverse relationship between the expression of miR-221/miR-222 and the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 was identified in U251 glioma cells. Co-suppression of miR-221/222 directly resulted in the up-regulation of p27Kip1 in the tested cells, consequently, affects their growth potential by reducing a G1 to S shift in the cell cycle. Consistently, miR-221/222 knocked-down through antisense 2'-OME-oligonucleotides increased p27Kip1 in U251 glioma subcutaneous mice and strongly reduced tumor growth in vivo through up regulation of p27Kip1. Our results suggest that miR-221/222 is a regulator of the tumor suppressor gene p27Kip1, and co-suppression of miR-221/222 expression in advanced gliomas may inhibit glioma cell proliferation by a mechanism involving the up-regulation of p27Kip1 in vitro and in vivo.	RNA Gene	356.84	Causal ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19424584
3	MIR222	MicroRNA 222 In the current study, an inverse relationship between the expression of miR-221/miR-222 and the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 was identified in U251 glioma cells. Co-suppression of miR-221/222 directly resulted in the up-regulation of p27Kip1 in the tested cells, consequently, affects their growth potential by reducing a G1 to S shift in the cell cycle. Consistently, miR-221/222 knocked-down through antisense 2'-OME-oligonucleotides increased p27Kip1 in U251 glioma subcutaneous mice and strongly reduced tumor growth in vivo through up regulation of p27Kip1. Our results suggest that miR-221/222 is a regulator of the tumor suppressor gene p27Kip1, and co-suppression of miR-221/222 expression in advanced gliomas may inhibit glioma cell proliferation by a mechanism involving the up-regulation of p27Kip1 in vitro and in vivo.	RNA Gene	356.74	Causal ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19424584
4	MIR34A	MicroRNA 34a We studied the expression, targets, and functional effects of miR-34a in brain tumor cells and human gliomas. Transfection of miR-34a down-regulated c-Met in human glioma and medulloblastoma cells and Notch-1, Notch-2, and CDK6 protein expressions in glioma cells. miR-34a expression inhibited c-Met reporter activities in glioma and medulloblastoma cells and Notch-1 and Notch-2 3'-untranslated region reporter activities in glioma cells and stem cells. Analysis of human specimens showed that miR-34a expression is down-regulated in glioblastoma tissues as compared with normal brain and in mutant p53 gliomas as compared with wild-type p53 gliomas. miR-34a levels in human gliomas inversely correlated to c-Met levels measured in the same tumors. Transient transfection of miR-34a into glioma and medulloblastoma cell lines strongly inhibited cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell survival, and cell invasion, but transfection of miR-34a into human astrocytes did not affect cell survival and cell cycle status. Forced expression of c-Met or Notch-1/Notch-2 transcripts lacking the 3'-untranslated region sequences partially reversed the effects of miR-34a on cell cycle arrest and cell death in glioma cells and stem cells, respectively. Also, transient expression of miR-34a in glioblastoma cells strongly inhibited in vivo glioma xenograft growth. Together, these findings represent the first comprehensive analysis of the role of miR-34a in gliomas. They show that miR-34a suppresses brain tumor growth by targeting c-Met and Notch. The results also suggest that miR-34a could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for brain tumors.	RNA Gene	356.68	Causal ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19773441
5	MIR15B	MicroRNA 15b Here, we studied the function of one miRNA, miR-15b, in glioma carcinogenesis and elucidated its downstream targets. Over-expression of miR-15b resulted in cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase while suppression of miR-15b expression resulted in a decrease of cell populations in G0/G1 and a corresponding increase of cell populations in S phase. We further showed that CCNE1 (encoding cyclin E1) is one of the downstream targets of miR-15b. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR-15b regulates cell cycle progression in glioma cells by targeting cell cycle-related molecules.	RNA Gene	356.44	Causal ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19135980
6	MIR146B	MicroRNA 146b Using miRNA microarray, we identified miR-146b as one of the miRNAs that is significantly dysregulated in human glioblastoma tissue. We showed that miR-146b overexpression by transfection with the precursor miR-146b, or knock-down by Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA)-modified anti-miR-146b, has no effect on the growth of human glioblastoma U373 cells. However, precursor miR-146b transfection significantly reduced the migration and invasion of U373 cells, while LNA-anti-miR-146b transfection generated the opposite result. Furthermore, we discovered that a matrix metalloproteinase gene, MMP16, is one of the downstream targets of miR-146b. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-146b is involved in glioma cell migration and invasion by targeting MMPs, and implicate miR-146b as a metastasis-inhibiting miRNA in glioma.	RNA Gene	356.44	Causal ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19265686
7	MIR184	MicroRNA 184 We explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in glioma progression by investigating the expression profiles of 157 miRNAs in four patients with primary WHO grade II gliomas that spontaneously progressed to WHO grade IV secondary glioblastomas. Thereby, we identified 12 miRNAs (miR-9, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-17, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-25, miR-28, miR-130b, miR-140 and miR-210) showing increased expression, and two miRNAs (miR-184 and miR-328) showing reduced expression upon progression. Validation experiments on independent series of primary low-grade and secondary high-grade astrocytomas confirmed miR-17 and miR-184 as promising candidates, which were selected for functional analyses. These studies revealed miRNA-specific influences on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis and invasive growth properties of A172 and T98G glioma cells in vitro. Using mRNA and protein expression profiling, we identified distinct sets of transcripts and proteins that were differentially expressed after inhibition of miR-17 or overexpression of miR-184 in glioma cells. Taken together, our results support an important role of altered miRNA expression in gliomas, and suggest miR-17 and miR-184 as interesting candidates contributing to glioma progression.	RNA Gene	356.33	Causal ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19775293
8	MIR17	MicroRNA 17 We explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in glioma progression by investigating the expression profiles of 157 miRNAs in four patients with primary WHO grade II gliomas that spontaneously progressed to WHO grade IV secondary glioblastomas. Thereby, we identified 12 miRNAs (miR-9, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-17, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-25, miR-28, miR-130b, miR-140 and miR-210) showing increased expression, and two miRNAs (miR-184 and miR-328) showing reduced expression upon progression. Validation experiments on independent series of primary low-grade and secondary high-grade astrocytomas confirmed miR-17 and miR-184 as promising candidates, which were selected for functional analyses. These studies revealed miRNA-specific influences on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis and invasive growth properties of A172 and T98G glioma cells in vitro. Using mRNA and protein expression profiling, we identified distinct sets of transcripts and proteins that were differentially expressed after inhibition of miR-17 or overexpression of miR-184 in glioma cells. Taken together, our results support an important role of altered miRNA expression in gliomas, and suggest miR-17 and miR-184 as interesting candidates contributing to glioma progression.	RNA Gene	356.19	Causal ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19775293
9	MIR181A2	MicroRNA 181a-2 We reported that the down-regulated hsa-miR-181a and hsa-miR-181b of hsa-miR-181 family were also involved in oncogenesis of glioma. Our studies showed that hsa-miR-181a and hsa-miR-181b functioned as tumor suppressors which triggered growth inhibition, induced apoptosis and inhibited invasion in glioma cells. Furthermore, the tumor-suppressive effect of hsa-miR-181b in glioma cells was more apparent than the effect of hsa-miR-181a. These findings suggest aberrantly down-regulated hsa-miR-181a and hsa-miR-181b may be critical factors that contribute to malignant appearance in human gliomas.	RNA Gene	350	Causal ⁴⁷	18710654
10	MIR296	MicroRNA 296 Here, we demonstrate that a small regulatory microRNA, miR-296, has a major role in this process. Glioma cells and angiogenic growth factors elevate the level of miR-296 in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells in culture. The miR-296 level is also elevated in primary tumor endothelial cells isolated from human brain tumors compared to normal brain endothelial cells. Growth factor-induced miR-296 contributes significantly to angiogenesis by directly targeting the hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS) mRNA, leading to decreased levels of HGS and thereby reducing HGS-mediated degradation of the growth factor receptors VEGFR2 and PDGFRbeta. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-296 with antagomirs reduces angiogenesis in tumor xenografts in vivo.	RNA Gene	350	Causal ⁴⁷	18977327
11	LINC00461	Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 461 Expressions of ECONEXIN and C130071C03Rik were significantly upregulated in both human and mouse glioma tissues. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	164.92	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)	28368417
12	TP73-AS1	TP73 Antisense RNA 1 Results from luciferase assays suggested that TP73-AS1 might compete with HMGB1 for miR-142 binding. Further, HMGB1/RAGE was involved in TP73-AS1/miR-142 regulation of glioma cell proliferation and invasion. In glioma tissues, TP73-AS1 and HMGB1 expression was up-regulated, whereas miR-142 expression was down-regulated. Dysfunction Pattern: Interaction [miR-142]	RNA Gene	164.04	Experimental evidence: Interaction ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Functions (show sections)	28379612
13	FOXO1	Forkhead Box O1 FOXO1 upregulates expression of phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 (PID1), thereby inhibiting GSC tumorigenicity and growth. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	Protein Coding	163.95	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)	28666797
14	MALAT1	Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 We found that MALAT-1 was a risk factor in the prognoses of lung cancer (HR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.01-2.34), digestive system cancer (HR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.34-3.48) and ovarian cancer (HR=3.98, 95% CI: 1.54-10.25). MALAT-1 was also a risk factor of RFS in breast cancer (HR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.25-3.09) and the TNM stage in pancreatic cancer (OR=3.65, 95% CI: 1.86-7.18) and glioma (OR=4.30, 95% CI: 1.90-9.73). MALAT-1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in clear cell carcinoma ( OR=5.04, 95% CI: 2.36-10.78) and distant metastasis in pancreatic cancer (OR=11.64, 95% CI: 2.13-63.78). Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation	RNA Gene	156.44	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	27313790
15	H19	H19, Imprinted Maternally Expressed Transcript LncRNA H19 was overexpressed in glioma tissue and cell lines. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [overexpression]	RNA Gene	156.44	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	27981546
16	CDKN2B-AS1	CDKN2B Antisense RNA 1	RNA Gene	156.44	Experimental evidence: Mutation ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	20386740
17	NEAT1	Nuclear Paraspeckle Assembly Transcript 1 We found higher NEAT1 RNA expression in CD133+ human glioma primary culture stem cells and CD133+ U87 cells via RT-PCR. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [high expression]	RNA Gene	156.33	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	27878295
18	MEG3	Maternally Expressed 3 Overexpressed MEG3 inhibited the proliferation of U-251 cells, and restrained the expression of proliferation marker proteins Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). However, cell apoptosis rate of U-251 cells and the expression of apoptosis marker proteins (caspase-3 and caspase-9) were elevated by MEG3. Furthermore, miR-93 was predicted a direct target of lncRNA-MEG3 by bioinformatics analysis. Overexpressed MEG3 counteracted the role of miR-93 in facilitating proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis in U-251 cells. Moreover, MEG3 restained the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway by reducing cytomembrane translocation of AKT. Finally, the in vivo experiment revealed that MEG3 strongly reduced tumor growth, tumor volume and the expression of Ki67 and PCNA. lncRNA-MEG3 also inhibited the level of miR-93 and the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway related proteins in vivo. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [overexpression]	RNA Gene	156.33	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	28791407
19	HOXA11-AS	HOXA11 Antisense RNA The expression levels of HOXA11-AS were significantly up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines compared with that in adjacent normal brain tissues and normal human astrocytes (NHA). High expression of HOXA11-AS was correlated with shorter overall survival in patients with glioma. Knockdown of HOXA11-AS inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that HOXA11-AS functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-214-3p, which in turn positively regulated the expression of its direct target EZH2. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	156.19	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	28946213
20	HOTAIR	HOX Transcript Antisense RNA Our results suggest that HOTAIR SNPs rs920778 and rs12826786 do not play a significant role in glioma susceptibility, but may be important prognostic factors in anaplastic oligodendroglioma patients. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation	RNA Gene	156.19	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	28083786
21	CRNDE	Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed We found that over-expression of CRNDE in astrocytes increased the expression of key factors in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, especially toll-like receptor-3-mediated MyD88-independent pathway. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [overexpression]	Protein Coding	156.19	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	28621230
22	CCAT2	Colon Cancer Associated Transcript 2 In this study, we found that lncRNA CCAT2 was overexpressed in glioma tissues and cell lines and associated with tumor grade and size. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [overexpression]	RNA Gene	156.19	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	27938499
23	LINC01158	Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 1158 The levels of linc-POU3F3 were upregulated in glioma tissue and significantly correlated with the advanced tumor stage. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28338200
24	LINC01139	Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 1139 In the present study, we demonstrated that LINK-A was upregulated in human glioma cells compared with the expression noted in normal astrocytes. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28714007
25	LUCAT1	Lung Cancer Associated Transcript 1 We further demonstrated that LUCAT1 was associated with polycomb repressor complexes (PRC2) and that this association was required for epigenetically repression of p21 and p57, thus contributing to the regulation of NSCLC cell cycle and proliferation. Dysfunction Pattern: Interaction [p21]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Interaction ³⁹	28423699
26	OIP5-AS1	OIP5 Antisense RNA 1 Level of linc-OIP5 was up-regulated in glioma tissues and significantly correlated with the advanced tumor stage (III/IV). Subsequently, the efficacy of knockdown of linc-OIP5 by linc-OIP5-small interfering RNA (siRNA) was evaluated in vitro, and we found that knockdown of linc-OIP5 can inhibit glioma cells proliferation, migration in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28189759
27	PSMD6-AS1	PSMD6 Antisense RNA 1 Moreover, we identified MDM2 as a direct target of lnc00462717 and lnc00462717 played a role by partially regulating the MDM2/MAPK pathway. Dysfunction Pattern: Interaction [MDM2	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Interaction ³⁹	28189682
28	HAGLR	HOXD Antisense Growth-Associated Long Non-Coding RNA Our results proved that HOXD-AS1 expression was upregulated in glioma tissues and in glioma cell lines. HOXD-AS1 overexpression promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro, whereas knockdown of HOXD-AS1 expression repressed these cellular processes. Mechanistic studies further revealed that HOXD-AS1 could compete with the transcription factor E2F8 to bind with miR-130a, thus affecting E2F8 expression. Additionally, reciprocal repression was observed between HOXD-AS1 and miR-130a, and miR-130a mediated the tumor-suppressive effects of HOXD-AS1 knockdown. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	29341117
29	GAS5	Growth Arrest Specific 5 Interestingly, we also show that FOXO1 promotes GAS5 transcription, thus forminga positive feedback loop. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28666797
30	EGOT	Eosinophil Granule Ontogeny Transcript It was initially found that the relative transcription level of EGOT in glioma cancerous tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. EGOT was differentially expressed in a series of glioma cell lines, with its lowest level in high aggressive U251 and U87 cells. When EGOT was overexpressed by an expression plasmid, cell viability was significantly inhibited in U251 and U87 cells. Furthermore, with EGOT overexpression, the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase and consequently, cell apoptosis was significantly promoted along with the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9. The migration abilities of EGOT-overexpressed cells were inhibited by 71.4% in U251 cells and by 69.5% in U87 cells. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [low expression]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹	29042985
31	LINC01116	Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 1116 Two of the downregulated miRNAs, miR-21 and miR-191, mediated some of TALNEC2 effects on the stemness and mesenchymal transformation of GSCs. Dysfunction Pattern: Interaction [miR-21]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Interaction ³⁹	28423669
32	FTX	FTX Transcript, XIST Regulator We then found that the expression of FTX and miR-342-3p was associated with progression of gliomas. FTX directly inhibited the expression of miR-342-3p, which subsequently regulates the expression of AEG-1. Dysfunction Pattern: Interaction [miR-342-3p]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Interaction ³⁹	28112756
33	CCND2-AS1	CCND2 Antisense RNA 1 Highly expressed lncRNA CCND2-AS1 promotes glioma cell proliferation through Wnt/?-catenin signaling. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [high expression]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹	27923660
34	HULC	Hepatocellular Carcinoma Up-Regulated Long Non-Coding RNA HULC was highly expressed in glioma tissues, being closely related to age and grade of glioma. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [high expression]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹	28053545
35	CYTOR	Cytoskeleton Regulator RNA Linc00152 was up-regulated in glioma tissues as well as in GSCs. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28651608
36	CASC2	Cancer Susceptibility 2 By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, our data showed that CASC2 expression was significantly downregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines (U87 and U251) compared to adjacent normal brain tissues or normal human astrocytes. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [down-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28744130
37	TP53TG1	TP53 Target 1 The expression of TP53TG1 was significantly higher in human glioma tissues or cell lines compared with normal brain tissue or NHA. Moreover, TP53TG1 and some tumor glucose metabolism related genes, such as GRP78, LDHA, and IDH1 were up-regulated significantly in U87 and LN18 cells under glucose deprivation. In addition, knockdown of TP53TG1 decreased cell proliferation and migration and down-regulated GRP78 and IDH1 expression levels and up-regulated PKM2 levels in U87 cells under glucose deprivation. However, over-expression of TP53TG1 showed the opposite tendency. Moreover, the effects of TP53TG1 were more remarkable in low glucose than that in high glucose. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [high expression]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹	28569381
38	HOXA11	Homeobox A11 Expression of HOXA11-AS was significantly up-regulated in glioma tissue and cell lines compared to the adjacent normal tissue and cells. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	Protein Coding	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28653605
39	TUNAR	TCL1 Upstream Neural Differentiation-Associated RNA TUNAR overexpression significantly inhibited glioma malignancy by decreasing cell viability, migration, invasion and promoting cell apoptosis. TUNAR was confirmed to positively regulate miR-200a, and knockdown of miR-200a reversed TUNAR-induced inhibitory effects on glioma cells. Further, Rac1 was negatively regulated by miR-200a. Rac1 overexpression abolished miR-200a overexpression-induced inhibition of viability, migration, and invasion, as well as increase of apoptosis. Besides, Rac1 knockdown inhibited glioma by inactivating the Wnt/?-catenin and NF-?B signal pathways. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [miR-200a and Rac1]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	29540255
40	UCA1	Urothelial Cancer Associated 1 Our results showed that upregulation of lncRNA-UCA1 in glioma tissues and cell lines could promote glioma cell proliferation and migration through interaction with miR-182, and knockdown of UCA1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of human glioma cell. Dysfunction Pattern: Interaction [miR-182]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Interaction ³⁹	28137422
41	ZEB1-AS1	ZEB1 Antisense RNA 1 Here, we found that ZEB1-AS1 was highly expressed in glioma tissues, being closely related to clinical stage of glioma. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [high expression]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹	27589728
42	TP53COR1	Tumor Protein P53 Pathway Corepressor 1 Our results delineated a novel mechanism of lincRNA-p21 in enhancing hypoxic tumor cell radiosensitivity, which might provide valuable targets for radiation therapy for solid tumors, such as hepatoma and glioma. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28689810
43	SPRY4-IT1	SPRY4 Intronic Transcript 1 The present study demonstrated that SPRY4-IT1 expression was markedly increased in glioma tissues and cells compared with normal brain tissues, whereas knockdown of SPRY4-IT1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in U251 cells. Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 2 (SKA2) was found to be a target of SPRY4-IT1 and was downregulated by SPRY4-IT1-knockdown. Additionally, SPRY4-IT1 expression was positively correlated with SKA2 in glioma tissues. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [high expression]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹	29467908
44	CBR3-AS1	CBR3 Antisense RNA 1 In present work, we firstly identified that PlncRNA-1 expression levels were prominently augmented in glioma patient tissues and glioma cell lines compared with adjacent noncancerous tissue and normal cells, respectively. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that glioma patients with high PlncRNA-1 expression had shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than those with low PlncRNA-1 expression. Furthermore, loss-of-function assay showed that PlncRNA-1 knockdown dramatically reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, and promoted apoptosis of glioma cell lines. In addition, overexpression of PlncRNA-1 promoted cell proliferation, stimulated cell colony formation, and inhibited cell apoptosis in NHA cells. Mechanically, our results showed that PlncRNA-1 significantly promoted activation of the Notch signal pathway through regulation of Notch-1, Jag-1, and Hes-1 expression. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	29653367
45	ZFAS1	ZNFX1 Antisense RNA 1 Thus, our findings indicated that ZFAS1 could exhibit a tumor oncogenic role in glioma progression by regulating EMT and Notch signaling pathway. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28081466
46	PTCSC3	Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Susceptibility Candidate 3 LncRNA PTCSC3 was significantly downregulated in glioma cell lines. The overexpression of lncRNA PTCSC3 suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in U87 and U251 cells. Additionally, the overexpression of lncRNA PTCSC3 inhibited the migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells. Moreover, lncRNA PTCSC3 inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of U87 cells. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [down-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28187755
47	PVT1	Pvt1 Oncogene In our results, PVT1 was up-regulated in glioma specimens and cell lines. Knockdown of PVT1 impaired the malignant behaviors of glioma cells via the suppression of proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as through promotion of apoptosis. Furthermore, PVT1 was identified to affect the glioma cells via binding to miR-190a-5p and miR-488-3p, which were down-regulated and played tumor suppressor roles in glioma cells. Up-regulated miR-190a-5p or miR-488-3p partially rescued the suppressive effect induced by PVT1 knockdown. Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) was a direct downstream target of miR-190a-5p and miR-488-3p, which was proved to be an oncogene and involved in the PVT1 knockdown induced regulation of biological behaviors of glioma cells. Over-expression of MEF2C up-regulated JAGGED1 by increasing the promoter activity of JAGGED1. PVT1 knockdown combined with miR-190a-5p and miR-488-3p over-expression contributed to the smallest tumor volume and the longest survivals in nude mice. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	29501773
48	CCAT1	Colon Cancer Associated Transcript 1 CCAT1 expression was significantly increased, while miR-181b decreased, in glioma tissues. Interestingly, miR-181b expression was negatively correlated with the CCAT1 level in glioma samples. Knockdown of CCAT1 notably suppressed proliferation, migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and promoted the apoptosis of U87 and LN229 glioma cells, which could be enhanced by transfection with miR-181b mimic while it was abolished by anti-miR-181b. Additionally, we found that CCAT1 may act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-181b, regulating the de-repression of FGFR3 and PDGFR?. Dysfunction Pattern: Expression [high expression]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹	28475287
49	HOTTIP	HOXA Distal Transcript Antisense RNA Among the different expressions of lncRNAs, HOTTIP was the most upregulated lncRNA in glioma cells treated by hypoxia. High levels of HOTTIP and HIF-1? were correlated with glioma metastasis and poor patient prognosis. Knockdown of HIF-1? and HOTTIP blocked hypoxia-induced EMT, and suppressed invasion and migration of glioma cells. Finally, HOTTIP sponged endogenous miR-101 and inhibited its activity, which resulted in increased ZEB1 expression and promoted process of EMT. HIF-1?/HOTTIP/miR-101/ZEB1 axis plays essential role in hypoxia-induced EMT and metastasis of glioma, and HOTTIP may serve as a therapeutic target to reverse EMT and prevent glioma progression. Dysfunction Pattern: Regulation [up-regulated]	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁹	28886531
50	LGI1	Leucine Rich Glioma Inactivated 1	Protein Coding	63.54	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Gene name Proteins Functions Transcripts (show sections)	12821932 15047712 14598228 (more) 19835947 15827762 12942323 17681454 19387870 11907806 9879993 10920229 15009222 19833108 16504945 18711109 19853223 20133599 12205652

Sources

Variations for Glioma

Copy number variations for Glioma from CNVD:

⁷ (show top 50) (show all 1065)

#	CNVD ID	Chromosom	Start	End	Type	Gene Symbol	CNVD Disease
1	13321	2	208809197	208828051	Copy number	IDH1	Glioma
2	14132	1	10403401	10408000	Deletion		Glioma
3	14198	1	105227801	105232100	Deletion		Glioma
4	15004	1	111800000	116100000	Deletion		Glioma
5	15199	1	113411001	113417300	Deletion	BC037540	Glioma
6	15250	1	113839501	113849000	Deletion		Glioma
7	15641	1	117679901	117685200	Deletion		Glioma
8	15695	1	118394101	118397900	Deletion		Glioma
9	19119	1	148648801	148652600	Deletion		Glioma
10	19806	1	151480801	151485400	Deletion		Glioma
11	20843	1	154791301	154797500	Deletion	IQGAP3	Glioma
12	21174	1	157132201	157138600	Deletion		Glioma
13	21291	1	157913501	157918300	Deletion		Glioma
14	21685	1	160317401	160321200	Deletion		Glioma
15	23692	1	173061201	173070300	Deletion		Glioma
16	24042	1	174742901	174746800	Deletion		Glioma
17	24302	1	178448601	178452400	Deletion		Glioma
18	25156	1	185029601	185033600	Deletion		Glioma
19	25220	1	185729601	185734900	Deletion		Glioma
20	25241	1	185980701	185991100	Deletion		Glioma
21	25290	1	186804101	186808700	Deletion		Glioma
22	25655	1	192615401	192619700	Deletion		Glioma
23	26024	1	195765301	195771800	Deletion		Glioma
24	26054	1	196268601	196275300	Deletion		Glioma
25	26178	1	197703301	197708700	Deletion		Glioma
26	26883	1	20368201	20372100	Deletion	PLA2G2C	Glioma
27	26979	1	204445801	204451500	Deletion		Glioma
28	27209	1	205357001	205361800	Deletion		Glioma
29	27636	1	210535701	210541200	Deletion		Glioma
30	27909	1	215522601	215526900	Deletion		Glioma
31	27938	1	216247201	216257200	Deletion		Glioma
32	27948	1	216310301	216315100	Deletion		Glioma
33	28054	1	217987801	217992100	Deletion		Glioma
34	28169	1	219443901	219451100	Deletion		Glioma
35	28238	1	220438701	220448900	Deletion		Glioma
36	28860	1	226089101	226092600	Deletion		Glioma
37	29433	1	232027401	232031900	Deletion		Glioma
38	29707	1	234613701	234620000	Deletion		Glioma
39	29744	1	234984301	234988400	Deletion	ACTN2	Glioma
40	29950	1	238457901	238463400	Deletion		Glioma
41	29974	1	238682401	238685500	Deletion		Glioma
42	30033	1	239425501	239429300	Deletion		Glioma
43	30273	1	241490101	241494000	Deletion		Glioma
44	30527	1	244220301	244224400	Deletion		Glioma
45	30564	1	244503701	244507900	Deletion		Glioma
46	30805	1	246116501	246126100	Deletion	OR2W3	Glioma
47	31058	1	25029301	25036000	Deletion		Glioma
48	31536	1	28129101	28135200	Deletion	SMPDL3B	Glioma
49	31728	1	30200000	32400000	Deletion		Glioma
50	33111	1	42513801	42517800	Deletion	FOXJ3	Glioma

Sources

Expression for Glioma

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Glioma.

Sources

Pathways for Glioma

Pathways related to Glioma according to KEGG:

³⁷

#	Name	Kegg Source Accession
1	Glioma	hsa05214
2	MicroRNAs in cancer	hsa05206

Pathways related to Glioma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	MicroRNAs in cancer ³⁷	11.64	MIR15B MIR17 MIR181A2 MIR21 MIR221 MIR222
2	miRNAs involved in DNA damage response ¹	11.03	MIR15B MIR221 MIR222
3	Cell Differentiation - Index ¹	10.84	MIR146B MIR181A2 MIR221 MIR222
4	LncRNA-mediated mechanisms of therapeutic resistance ¹	10.34	HOTAIR MEG3

Sources

GO Terms for Glioma

Biological processes related to Glioma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 29)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of apoptotic process	GO:0043065	9.92	FOXO1 MIR15B MIR21 MIR221
2	positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	GO:0051897	9.81	MIR21 MIR221 MIR222
3	negative regulation of angiogenesis	GO:0016525	9.71	MIR15B MIR21 MIR222 MIR34A
4	positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	GO:0010718	9.67	MIR21 MIR221 MIR222
5	positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation	GO:0045648	9.64	MIR221 MIR222
6	negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	GO:1905563	9.63	MIR15B MIR34A
7	negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	GO:1903588	9.63	MIR15B MIR222
8	negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	GO:1903671	9.63	MIR17 MIR221 MIR34A
9	regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	GO:2000377	9.62	FOXO1 MIR21
10	positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	GO:1904754	9.61	MIR21 MIR221
11	negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	GO:1904753	9.61	MIR21 MIR34A
12	positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation	GO:0045603	9.6	MIR181A2 MIR21
13	positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	GO:0010666	9.59	MIR17 MIR34A
14	negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	GO:1900016	9.58	MIR221 MIR222
15	positive regulation of connective tissue replacement	GO:1905205	9.58	MIR15B MIR34A
16	positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity	GO:1904685	9.57	MIR17 MIR21
17	negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation	GO:1905064	9.56	MIR15B MIR221
18	positive regulation of axon regeneration	GO:0048680	9.55	MIR221 MIR222
19	negative regulation by host of viral genome replication	GO:0044828	9.54	MIR221 MIR222
20	negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	GO:1905460	9.52	MIR17 MIR21
21	negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	GO:1904995	9.51	MIR221 MIR222
22	negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production	GO:0060354	9.48	MIR221 MIR222
23	positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation	GO:1904707	9.46	MIR17 MIR21 MIR221 MIR222
24	negative regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway	GO:1903122	9.43	MIR221 MIR222
25	miRNA mediated inhibition of translation	GO:0035278	9.43	MIR15B MIR17 MIR181A2 MIR21 MIR221 MIR222
26	positive regulation of Schwann cell migration	GO:1900149	9.37	MIR221 MIR222
27	negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation	GO:1902034	9.32	MIR221 MIR222
28	gene silencing by miRNA	GO:0035195	9.28	MIR146B MIR15B MIR17 MIR181A2 MIR21 MIR221
29	positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration	GO:1905046	9.26	MIR221 MIR222

Molecular functions related to Glioma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mRNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing	GO:1903231	9.28	MIR146B MIR15B MIR17 MIR181A2 MIR21 MIR221

Sources

Sources for Glioma

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia