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MCID: GLY010
MIFTS: 53

Glycine Encephalopathy

Categories: Genetic diseases, Rare diseases, Neuronal diseases, Metabolic diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Glycine Encephalopathy

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Glycine Encephalopathy:

Name: Glycine Encephalopathy 57 12 24 53 25 59 75 13 15
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia 12 53 25 59 75 29 6
Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia 12 76 24 53 25 37 73
Nkh 57 24 25 75
Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic 57 25 44
Hyperglycinemia Nonketotic 53 55
Gce 57 75
Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic; Nkh 57
Hyperglycinemia, Non-Ketotic 76
Glycine Synthase Deficiency 53
Encephalopathy, Glycine 40
Nka 59

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

59
glycine encephalopathy
Inheritance: Autosomal recessive; Prevalence: 1-9/1000000 (Europe); Age of onset: Infancy,Neonatal; Age of death: any age;

OMIM:

57
Inheritance:
autosomal recessive

Miscellaneous:
death in infancy common for patients with the classic neonatal form
patients with atypical form have milder disease, with onset in the first months of life and increased survival


HPO:

32
glycine encephalopathy:
Mortality/Aging death in infancy
Inheritance autosomal recessive inheritance


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases Metabolic diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 34
Orphanet: 59  
Rare neurological diseases
Inborn errors of metabolism


Sources

Summaries for Glycine Encephalopathy

About this section
NIH Rare Diseases : 53 Glycine encephalopathy is an inheritedmetabolic disease characterized by abnormally high levels of an amino acid called glycine. Glycine is a chemical messenger that transmits signals in the brain.  According to the symptoms the disease onset, glycine encephalopathy may be divided in:Classical neonatal form (most common): Symptoms start within a few days of life and may include poor feeding, lack of energy (lethargy), weak muscle tone (hypotonia), hiccups, breathing problems, seizures, hiccups, and coma. Infantile form: Symptoms start only after 6 months of age, as intellectual disability, abnormal movements, and behavioral problems Late onset: Symptoms include tightness or stiffness of the legs or arms (spastic diplegia), and vision loss due to a damage of the eye nerve (optic atrophy).  Transient form: Symptoms are similar to the classic form, but glycine levels decrease and the symptoms may improve within time.  Glycine encephalopathy is caused by changes (mutations) in the AMT, GLDC or GCSH genes which result in a deficiency of the enzyme that break-up the glycine. Diagnosis is based in the symptoms, the high glycine levels and the enzyme deficiency, as well as genetic testing.  Inheritance is autosomal recessive. Treatment may include sodium benzoate to reduce the levels of glycine, N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor site antagonists, anti-seizure drugs and ketogenic diet. About half of the babies with the classic form, die within a few weeks of life and the survivors may have motor delay, very small head, seizures and stiffness. In the transient form symptoms may improve with time. 

MalaCards based summary : Glycine Encephalopathy, also known as non-ketotic hyperglycinemia, is related to glycine encephalopathy with normal serum glycine and neonatal glycine encephalopathy, and has symptoms including lethargy, myoclonus and seizures. An important gene associated with Glycine Encephalopathy is GLDC (Glycine Decarboxylase), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and Metabolism. The drugs Dextromethorphan and Guaifenesin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, testes and eye, and related phenotypes are seizures and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum

Disease Ontology : 12 An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves abnormally high levels of the amino acid glycine in bodily fluids and tissues.

Genetics Home Reference : 25 Glycine encephalopathy, which is also known as nonketotic hyperglycinemia or NKH, is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormally high levels of a molecule called glycine. This molecule is an amino acid, which is a building block of proteins. Glycine also acts as a neurotransmitter, which is a chemical messenger that transmits signals in the brain. Glycine encephalopathy is caused by the shortage of an enzyme that normally breaks down glycine in the body. A lack of this enzyme allows excess glycine to build up in tissues and organs, particularly the brain, leading to serious medical problems.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 75 Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia: Autosomal recessive disease characterized by accumulation of a large amount of glycine in body fluid and by severe neurological symptoms.

Wikipedia : 76 Glycine encephalopathy (also known as non-ketotic hyperglycinemia or NKH) is a rare autosomal recessive... more...

Description from OMIM: 605899
GeneReviews: NBK1357
Sources

Related Diseases for Glycine Encephalopathy

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Diseases in the Glycine Encephalopathy family:

Infantile Glycine Encephalopathy

Diseases related to Glycine Encephalopathy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 glycine encephalopathy with normal serum glycine 33.8 AMT GCSH GLDC SLC6A9
2 neonatal glycine encephalopathy 33.6 AMT GCSH GLDC
3 infantile glycine encephalopathy 33.3 AMT GCSH GLDC SLC6A9
4 hyperglycinemia, lactic acidosis, and seizures 10.9
5 spasticity, childhood-onset, with hyperglycinemia 10.9
6 encephalopathy 10.5
7 alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder 9.8 BOLA3 GCSH GLRX5
8 epilepsy, idiopathic generalized 9.4 ABAT GLDC KCNQ2
9 multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 8.8 BOLA3 IBA57 NFU1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Glycine Encephalopathy:



Diseases related to Glycine Encephalopathy
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Glycine Encephalopathy

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Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

57
Neurologic Central Nervous System:
seizures
lethargy
hypotonia
mental retardation
myoclonic jerks
more
Laboratory Abnormalities:
hyperglycinemia
hyperglycinuria
hepatic glycine cleavage defect
elevated csf glycine
elevated csf/plasma glycine ratio

Neurologic Behavioral Psychiatric Manifestations:
irritability
hyperactivity
impulsivity
restlessness
aggressiveness


Clinical features from OMIM:

605899

Human phenotypes related to Glycine Encephalopathy:

59 32 (show all 26)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 seizures 59 32 Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0001250
2 hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0002079
3 hyperglycinemia 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0002154
4 eeg with burst suppression 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0010851
5 central hypotonia 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0011398
6 abnormal metabolic brain imaging by mrs 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0012705
7 recurrent singultus 59 32 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0100247
8 lethargy 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001254
9 poor suck 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002033
10 generalized myoclonic seizures 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002123
11 breathing dysregulation 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0005957
12 respiratory acidosis 59 32 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0005972
13 eeg abnormality 59 Very frequent (99-80%)
14 restlessness 32 HP:0000711
15 aggressive behavior 32 HP:0000718
16 irritability 32 HP:0000737
17 hyperactivity 32 HP:0000752
18 intellectual disability 32 HP:0001249
19 muscular hypotonia 32 HP:0001252
20 agenesis of corpus callosum 32 HP:0001274
21 generalized hypotonia 32 HP:0001290
22 encephalopathy 32 HP:0001298
23 myoclonus 32 HP:0001336
24 hyperreflexia 32 HP:0001347
25 hyperglycinuria 32 HP:0003108
26 impulsivity 32 HP:0100710

UMLS symptoms related to Glycine Encephalopathy:


lethargy, myoclonus, seizures, restlessness

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Glycine Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Increased viability GR00386-A-1 9.32 ABAT BOLA3 GCSH GLDC GLYCTK KCNQ2
2 Decreased shRNA abundance GR00297-A 9.26 AMT GLRX5 OCA2 SUOX
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Glycine Encephalopathy

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Drugs for Glycine Encephalopathy (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 8)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Dextromethorphan Approved Phase 2 125-71-3 5360696 5362449
2
Guaifenesin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 2 93-14-1 3516
3 Antitussive Agents Phase 2
4 Chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine drug combination Phase 2
5 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists Phase 2
6 Excitatory Amino Acids Phase 2
7 Neurotransmitter Agents Phase 2
8 Respiratory System Agents Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:


# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Placebo Controlled Trial of Dextromethorphan in Rett Syndrome Completed NCT01520363 Phase 2 dextromethorphan;placebo

Search NIH Clinical Center for Glycine Encephalopathy

Cochrane evidence based reviews: hyperglycinemia, nonketotic

Sources

Genetic Tests for Glycine Encephalopathy

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Genetic tests related to Glycine Encephalopathy:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia 29 AMT GCSH GLDC
Sources

Anatomical Context for Glycine Encephalopathy

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Glycine Encephalopathy:

41
Brain, Testes, Eye
Sources

Publications for Glycine Encephalopathy

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Articles related to Glycine Encephalopathy:

(show all 38)
# Title Authors Year
1
Clinical heterogeneity of glycine encephalopathy in three Palestinian siblings: A novel mutation in the glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) gene. ( 28325525 )
2017
2
Avoid mitochondrion-toxic antiepileptic drugs in glycine encephalopathy. ( 28882326 )
2017
3
Loss of Glycine Transporter 1 Causes a Subtype of Glycine Encephalopathy with Arthrogryposis and Mildly Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Glycine. ( 27773429 )
2016
4
Novel compound heterozygous LIAS mutations cause glycine encephalopathy. ( 26108146 )
2015
5
A rare case of glycine encephalopathy unveiled by valproate therapy. ( 26167219 )
2015
6
Diagnosis of glycine encephalopathy in a pediatric patient by detection of a GLDC mutation during initial next generation DNA sequencing. ( 24407464 )
2014
7
Mutation analysis of glycine decarboxylase, aminomethyltransferase and glycine cleavage system protein-H genes in 13 unrelated families with glycine encephalopathy. ( 25231368 )
2014
8
Prediction of long-term outcome in glycine encephalopathy: a clinical survey. ( 22002442 )
2012
9
Two novel laboratory tests facilitating diagnosis of glycine encephalopathy (nonketotic hyperglycinemia). ( 21470805 )
2011
10
Nitrous oxide for glycine encephalopathy. ( 20849515 )
2010
11
Atypical glycine encephalopathy in an extremely low birth weight infant: description of a new mutation and clinical and electroencephalographic analysis. ( 19299230 )
2009
12
Model mice for mild-form glycine encephalopathy: behavioral and biochemical characterizations and efficacy of antagonists for the glycine binding site of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor. ( 18414141 )
2008
13
Glycine encephalopathy and anesthesia. ( 17646534 )
2007
14
Glycine encephalopathy (nonketotic hyperglycinemia): comments and speculations. ( 16353254 )
2006
15
Rapid diagnosis of glycine encephalopathy by 13C-glycine breath test. ( 16634033 )
2006
16
Genetic heterogeneity of the GLDC gene in 28 unrelated patients with glycine encephalopathy. ( 16601880 )
2006
17
Glycine encephalopathy and delayed emergence from anesthesia. ( 17122304 )
2006
18
A single nucleotide substitution that abolishes the initiator methionine codon of the GLDC gene is prevalent among patients with glycine encephalopathy in Jerusalem. ( 15864413 )
2005
19
Two cases of glycine encephalopathy accompanied by pes equinovarus. ( 15996406 )
2005
20
Mild glycine encephalopathy (NKH) in a large kindred due to a silent exonic GLDC splice mutation. ( 15851735 )
2005
21
Glycine encephalopathy (nonketotic hyperglycinaemia) : review and update. ( 15272469 )
2004
22
Molecular genetic and potential biochemical characteristics of patients with T-protein deficiency as a cause of glycine encephalopathy (NKH). ( 12948742 )
2003
23
Gene Symbol: GLDC. Disease: NKH glycine encephalopathy. ( 14552331 )
2003
24
Novel mutations in the P-protein (glycine decarboxylase) gene in patients with glycine encephalopathy (non-ketotic hyperglycinemia). ( 12126939 )
2002
25
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of glycine encephalopathy (non-ketotic hyperglycinemia). ( 12418798 )
2002
26
Molecular prenatal diagnosis of non-ketotic hyperglycinemia (glycine encephalopathy). ( 11920907 )
2002
27
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (glycine encephalopathy): laboratory diagnosis. ( 11592811 )
2001
28
Neonatal glycine encephalopathy: biochemical and neuropathologic findings. ( 8499044 )
1993
29
Glycine Encephalopathy ( 20301531 )
1993
30
Brain neurotransmitters in glycine encephalopathy. ( 2906530 )
1988
31
Glycine encephalopathy in a neonate. Treatment with intravenous strychnine and sodium benzoate. ( 7116748 )
1982
32
The neuropathology of glycine encephalopathy: a report of five cases with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations. ( 6180354 )
1982
33
Prenatal diagnosis of glycine encephalopathy. ( 6804868 )
1982
34
A strategy for glycine encephalopathy therapy. ( 6809951 )
1982
35
Early treatment of severe infantile glycine encephalopathy (nonketotic hyperglycinemia) with strychnine and sodium benzoate. ( 531053 )
1979
36
Glycine encephalopathy. ( 583064 )
1979
37
Glycine encephalopathy. ( 628392 )
1978
38
Studies of the glycine cleavage enzyme system in brain from infants with glycine encephalopathy. ( 593763 )
1977
Sources

Variations for Glycine Encephalopathy

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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot genetic disease variations for Glycine Encephalopathy:

75 (show all 33)
# Symbol AA change Variation ID SNP ID
1 AMT p.His42Arg VAR_007951 rs121964983
2 AMT p.Gly47Arg VAR_007952 rs121964982
3 AMT p.Gly269Asp VAR_007953 rs121964981
4 AMT p.Asp276His VAR_007954 rs121964984
5 AMT p.Arg320His VAR_007955 rs121964985
6 AMT p.Asn145Ile VAR_016847 rs386833682
7 AMT p.Glu211Lys VAR_016848 rs116192290
8 AMT p.Arg265Cys VAR_074107 rs779483959
9 AMT p.Arg94Trp VAR_078794 rs1126422
10 AMT p.Arg222Cys VAR_078795 rs781466698
11 AMT p.Arg296Cys VAR_078796 rs1056820947Non-ketotic
12 GLDC p.Ser564Ile VAR_004979 rs121964974
13 GLDC p.Ala283Pro VAR_016849 rs386833589
14 GLDC p.Arg515Ser VAR_016851 rs121964976
15 GLDC p.Thr146Lys VAR_078776 rs376578742
16 GLDC p.Leu173Pro VAR_078777
17 GLDC p.Pro267Ala VAR_078778
18 GLDC p.Arg362Cys VAR_078779 rs10975674
19 GLDC p.Arg373Trp VAR_078780 rs150171524
20 GLDC p.Lys376Glu VAR_078781 rs774093619
21 GLDC p.Arg461Trp VAR_078782 rs761957837
22 GLDC p.Leu548Pro VAR_078783
23 GLDC p.His580Tyr VAR_078784
24 GLDC p.Pro581Arg VAR_078785 rs772871471
25 GLDC p.Ala624Asp VAR_078786
26 GLDC p.Gly763Asp VAR_078787
27 GLDC p.Gly768Glu VAR_078788
28 GLDC p.Arg790Trp VAR_078789 rs386833556
29 GLDC p.Asp866His VAR_078790
30 GLDC p.Val905Gly VAR_078791 rs188269735
31 GLDC p.Ile933Thr VAR_078792 rs758029533
32 GLDC p.Gly994Arg VAR_078793
33 GLDC p.Tyr839Cys VAR_079313

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Glycine Encephalopathy:

6
(show top 50) (show all 610)
# Gene Variation Type Significance SNP ID Assembly Location
1 GCSH GCSH, COMPLEX REARRANGEMENT (1 patient) undetermined variant Pathogenic
2 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.806G> A (p.Gly269Asp) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964981 GRCh37 Chromosome 3, 49456475: 49456475
3 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.806G> A (p.Gly269Asp) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964981 GRCh38 Chromosome 3, 49419042: 49419042
4 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.125A> G (p.His42Arg) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964983 GRCh37 Chromosome 3, 49459670: 49459670
5 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.125A> G (p.His42Arg) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964983 GRCh38 Chromosome 3, 49422237: 49422237
6 AMT AMT, 1-BP DEL, 183C deletion Pathogenic
7 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.826G> C (p.Asp276His) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964984 GRCh37 Chromosome 3, 49456455: 49456455
8 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.826G> C (p.Asp276His) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964984 GRCh38 Chromosome 3, 49419022: 49419022
9 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.959G> A (p.Arg320His) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964985 GRCh37 Chromosome 3, 49455325: 49455325
10 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.959G> A (p.Arg320His) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964985 GRCh38 Chromosome 3, 49417892: 49417892
11 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.574C> T (p.Gln192Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964986 GRCh37 Chromosome 3, 49456815: 49456815
12 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.574C> T (p.Gln192Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964986 GRCh38 Chromosome 3, 49419382: 49419382
13 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.878-1G> A single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs181134220 GRCh37 Chromosome 3, 49455407: 49455407
14 AMT NM_000481.3(AMT): c.878-1G> A single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs181134220 GRCh38 Chromosome 3, 49417974: 49417974
15 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1691G> T (p.Ser564Ile) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964974 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6588417: 6588417
16 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1691G> T (p.Ser564Ile) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964974 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6588417: 6588417
17 GLDC GLDC, 30-KB DEL deletion Pathogenic
18 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1545G> C (p.Arg515Ser) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964976 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6589230: 6589230
19 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1545G> C (p.Arg515Ser) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964976 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6589230: 6589230
20 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.2281G> C (p.Gly761Arg) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs386833549 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6554703: 6554703
21 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.2281G> C (p.Gly761Arg) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs386833549 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6554703: 6554703
22 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.2405C> T (p.Ala802Val) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964977 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6553420: 6553420
23 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.2405C> T (p.Ala802Val) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964977 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6553420: 6553420
24 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.2T> C (p.Met1Thr) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964978 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6645498: 6645498
25 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.2T> C (p.Met1Thr) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964978 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6645498: 6645498
26 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1166C> T (p.Ala389Val) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic rs121964979 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6595109: 6595109
27 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1166C> T (p.Ala389Val) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic rs121964979 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6595109: 6595109
28 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.2216G> A (p.Arg739His) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964980 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6554768: 6554768
29 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.2216G> A (p.Arg739His) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs121964980 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6554768: 6554768
30 GLDC GLDC, 2607C-A single nucleotide variant Pathogenic
31 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1002dupT (p.Ala335Cysfs) duplication Likely pathogenic rs386833516 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6604644: 6604644
32 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1002dupT (p.Ala335Cysfs) duplication Likely pathogenic rs386833516 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6604644: 6604644
33 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1009C> T (p.Arg337Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs386833517 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6604637: 6604637
34 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1009C> T (p.Arg337Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs386833517 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6604637: 6604637
35 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1054delA (p.Thr352Glnfs) deletion Likely pathogenic rs386833518 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6604592: 6604592
36 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1054delA (p.Thr352Glnfs) deletion Likely pathogenic rs386833518 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6604592: 6604592
37 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1111C> G (p.His371Asp) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833519 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6602153: 6602153
38 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1111C> G (p.His371Asp) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833519 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6602153: 6602153
39 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1175delC (p.Ala392Valfs) deletion Likely pathogenic rs386833520 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6595100: 6595100
40 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1175delC (p.Ala392Valfs) deletion Likely pathogenic rs386833520 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6595100: 6595100
41 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1270C> T (p.Arg424Ter) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833521 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6592982: 6592982
42 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1270C> T (p.Arg424Ter) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833521 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6592982: 6592982
43 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1285_1286insCAAA (p.Leu429Profs) insertion Likely pathogenic rs386833522 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6592966: 6592967
44 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1285_1286insCAAA (p.Leu429Profs) insertion Likely pathogenic rs386833522 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6592966: 6592967
45 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1319T> A (p.Ile440Asn) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833523 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6592933: 6592933
46 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1319T> A (p.Ile440Asn) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833523 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6592933: 6592933
47 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1382G> A (p.Arg461Gln) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833524 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6592870: 6592870
48 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1382G> A (p.Arg461Gln) single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833524 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6592870: 6592870
49 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1402-1G> C single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833525 GRCh37 Chromosome 9, 6592224: 6592224
50 GLDC NM_000170.2(GLDC): c.1402-1G> C single nucleotide variant Likely pathogenic rs386833525 GRCh38 Chromosome 9, 6592224: 6592224

Copy number variations for Glycine Encephalopathy from CNVD:

7
# CNVD ID Chromosom Start End Type Gene Symbol CNVD Disease
1 249413 9 14100000 19900000 Copy number GCSP Glycine encephalopathy
Sources

Expression for Glycine Encephalopathy

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Glycine Encephalopathy.
Sources

Pathways for Glycine Encephalopathy

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Pathways related to Glycine Encephalopathy according to KEGG:

37
# Name Kegg Source Accession
1 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism hsa00260

Pathways related to Glycine Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Metabolism 66
Show member pathways
 13.7 ABAT AMT GCSH GLDC GLYCTK LIAS
2
Viral mRNA Translation 66
Show member pathways
 13.33 AMT GCSH GLDC LIAS LIPT1 LIPT2
3
Carbon metabolism 37
Show member pathways
 11.88 AMT GCSH GLDC GLYCTK
4
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism 37
Show member pathways
 11.17 AMT GCSH GLDC GLYCTK
5
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation 66
Show member pathways
 10.71 AMT GCSH GLDC LIAS LIPT1 LIPT2
6
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism 37
10.7 AMT GCSH GLDC GLYCTK
Sources

GO Terms for Glycine Encephalopathy

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Cellular components related to Glycine Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 mitochondrion GO:0005739 9.77 ABAT AMT BOLA3 GCSH GLDC GLRX5
2 mitochondrial matrix GO:0005759 9.32 ABAT AMT GCSH GLDC GLRX5 IBA57
3 glycine cleavage complex GO:0005960 9.16 GCSH GLDC

Biological processes related to Glycine Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system GO:0019464 9.43 AMT GCSH GLDC
2 neurotransmitter transport GO:0006836 9.4 SLC6A5 SLC6A9
3 iron-sulfur cluster assembly GO:0016226 9.37 IBA57 NFU1
4 glycine catabolic process GO:0006546 9.33 AMT GCSH GLDC
5 glycine transport GO:0015816 9.32 SLC6A5 SLC6A9
6 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process GO:0034641 9.26 GCSH LIAS LIPT1 LIPT2
7 protein lipoylation GO:0009249 9.02 GCSH GLRX5 LIAS LIPT1 LIPT2

Molecular functions related to Glycine Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 transferase activity GO:0016740 9.91 ABAT AMT GLYCTK IBA57 LIAS LIPT1
2 transporter activity GO:0005215 9.5 OCA2 SLC6A5 SLC6A9
3 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding GO:0051539 9.43 LIAS NFU1
4 transaminase activity GO:0008483 9.4 ABAT AMT
5 glycine transmembrane transporter activity GO:0015187 9.26 SLC6A5 SLC6A9
6 aminomethyltransferase activity GO:0004047 9.16 AMT GCSH
7 glycine:sodium symporter activity GO:0015375 8.96 SLC6A5 SLC6A9
8 iron-sulfur cluster binding GO:0051536 8.92 ABAT GLRX5 LIAS NFU1
Sources

Sources for Glycine Encephalopathy

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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