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GOUT
MCID: GT001
MIFTS: 63

Gout (GOUT)

Categories: Blood diseases, Bone diseases, Metabolic diseases, Skin diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Gout

About this section

MalaCards integrated aliases for Gout:

Name: Gout 12 74 25 36 54 6 42 3 43 15 62 17 71 32
Arthritis, Gouty 25 43 71
Gouty Arthritis 12 25 15
Gouty Arthropathy 12 25
Articular Gout 12 25
Arthritis Gouty 54

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Metabolic diseases
Anatomical: Bone diseases Skin diseases Blood diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:13189
KEGG 36 H01532
NCIt 49 C34650
SNOMED-CT 67 48440001 90560007
UMLS 71 C0003868 C0018099
Sources

Summaries for Gout

About this section
Genetics Home Reference : 25 Gout is a type of arthritis, which is a group of related disorders caused by episodes of abnormal inflammation in the joints. People with gout have high levels of a substance called urate in the blood (hyperuricemia). Gout develops when hyperuricemia leads to the formation of urate crystals in joints, triggering an inflammatory response from the immune system. In people with gout, the first episode of inflammation (called a flare) usually affects the big toe or other joints in the foot or ankle. If urate levels remain high, flares can recur, affecting additional joints throughout the body. The time between flares varies among affected individuals; however, most people who experience multiple flares have their second one within a year of their first. Flares usually begin at night and can last several days. It is unclear what causes a flare to stop; the body likely turns off the inflammation response after a certain period of time. During a flare, individuals can experience throbbing or burning pain, swelling, warmth, redness, and difficulty moving the affected joint. Fevers may occur, after which the skin over the affected joint can begin to peel. Without treatment, people with gout can experience frequent flares and joint pain and damage, which can limit mobility and decrease quality of life. In about 15 percent of people with gout, urate accumulates in the kidneys and forms kidney stones. As the condition worsens, urate crystals can also be deposited under the skin or in other soft tissue, forming a nodule called a tophus (plural: tophi). These tophi often form in the hands, elbows, or feet. Tophi do not typically cause pain, but they can become inflamed, infected, or ooze fluid. Depending on their location, tophi can interfere with movements such as walking or gripping objects. Many people with gout also have other health conditions. Most affected individuals have high blood pressure (hypertension), chronic kidney disease, or obesity. Some also have diabetes, heart disease, or a history of stroke. It is unclear whether gout is the cause of a person's increased risk for these conditions, or whether the conditions cause the development of gout, or whether both of these situations occur to influence disease.

MalaCards based summary : Gout, also known as arthritis, gouty, is related to phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity and kelley-seegmiller syndrome, and has symptoms including back pain, sciatica and muscle cramp. An important gene associated with Gout is DARS2 (Aspartyl-TRNA Synthetase 2, Mitochondrial), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Purine metabolism and Metabolism of nucleotides. The drugs Lumiracoxib and Indomethacin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include joint, kidney and heart, and related phenotypes are Decreased viability and Decreased viability

Disease Ontology : 12 An arthritis that has material basis in uric acid crystal deposits located in joint.

MedlinePlus : 42 Gout is a common, painful form of arthritis. It causes swollen, red, hot and stiff joints. Gout happens when uric acid builds up in your body. Uric acid comes from the breakdown of substances called purines. Purines are in your body's tissues and in foods, such as liver, dried beans and peas, and anchovies. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood. It passes through the kidneys and out of the body in urine. But sometimes uric acid can build up and form needle-like crystals. When they form in your joints, it is very painful. The crystals can also cause kidney stones. Often, gout first attacks your big toe. It can also attack ankles, heels, knees, wrists, fingers, and elbows. At first, gout attacks usually get better in days. Eventually, attacks last longer and happen more often. You are more likely to get gout if you Are a man Have family member with gout Are overweight Drink alcohol Eat too many foods rich in purines Gout can be hard to diagnose. Your doctor may take a sample of fluid from an inflamed joint to look for crystals. You can treat gout with medicines. Pseudogout has similar symptoms and is sometimes confused with gout. However, it is caused by calcium phosphate, not uric acid. NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

CDC : 3 Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis that is very painful. It usually affects one joint at a time (often the big toe joint). There are times when symptoms get worse, known as flares, and times when there are no symptoms, known as remission. Repeated bouts of gout can lead to gouty arthritis, a worsening form of arthritis. There is no cure for gout, but you can effectively treat and manage the condition with medication and self-management strategies.

KEGG : 36 Gout is a kind of arthritis associated with hyperuricemia. It is triggered due to precipitation and deposition of inflammatory monosodium urate crystals in synovial and other tissues, accompanied by severe pain. The most common symptom include swelling, tenderness, warmth and redness. Mostly, the joint at the base of the big toe is affected, gout progresses with more frequent attacks that involve multiple joints. Joint pain that used to resolve in a week to 10 days could become a milder, but constant pain. Eventually, untreated gout can cause other comorbidities such as high blood pressure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of the disease is more common in 40s men than women, but gout in women after menopause appears increased risk. Recently, the onset in 20s increases. The development of gout is not only associated with sex, age, race and genetics, but also diet and lifestyle are contributed to increasing prevalence of the disease. Epidemiology studies reported that the excessive intake of alcohol and purine rich food, which excessively produce uric acid, leads to accumulation of uric acid.

PubMed Health : 62 About gout: Gout is a metabolic disorder which causes inflammation of the joints. During acute episodes, certain joints swell up within just a few hours and become very sensitive to pain. The inflammation is triggered by tiny needle-shaped crystals of uric acid that mainly build up in the joints. These crystals may form if there is too much uric acid in the body. The inflammation normally goes away on its own within one to two weeks. The pain can be relieved with medication. Most people with gout experience acute attacks every now and then. Months or even years can pass between attacks, but they may be more frequent too. There are a number of options to prevent them. Some people already notice an improvement if they avoid certain foods and other possible triggers. Others may take medication to lower their uric acid levels over the long term. The medication is mostly considered for people who have frequent gout attacks or complications such as kidney stones or lumps called tophi. Many people have high levels of uric acid without it causing any noticeable problems. It's not clear whether this affects their health. It doesn't need to be treated.

Wikipedia : 74 Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Gout

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Diseases related to Gout via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 609)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity 34.2 PRPS1 HPRT1
2 kelley-seegmiller syndrome 34.0 HPRT1 APRT
3 hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile, 1 33.8 UMOD SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC22A11 HPRT1
4 lesch-nyhan syndrome 33.1 XDH SLC2A9 SLC22A12 PRPS1 HPRT1 APRT
5 hyperuricemia 31.5 XDH UMOD SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC17A3 SLC17A1
6 disorder of purine metabolism 30.9 HPRT1 APRT
7 acute kidney failure 30.9 UMOD SLC22A12 IL18
8 hereditary xanthinuria 30.7 XDH APRT
9 osteomyelitis 30.7 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B
10 adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency 30.6 XDH HPRT1 APRT
11 xanthinuria 30.6 XDH SLC22A12 APRT
12 hypouricemia, renal, 1 30.5 SLC2A9 SLC22A12 HPRT1
13 nephrolithiasis, uric acid 30.5 XDH SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC17A1 HPRT1
14 peritonitis 30.4 NLRP3 IL1B IL18
15 nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate 30.4 XDH UMOD SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC22A11 SLC17A3
16 familial mediterranean fever 30.2 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B IL18
17 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 30.2 S100A9 IL1B IL18
18 proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1 30.1 NLRP3 IL1B IL18
19 acute cystitis 30.1 UMOD IL18 ADSL
20 bone inflammation disease 30.0 NLRP3 IL1B IL18
21 hypertension, essential 29.9 XDH UMOD SLC2A9 SLC22A12 NLRP3 IL1B
22 inflammatory bowel disease 29.2 XDH S100A9 NLRP3 IL1B IL18 HPRT1
23 autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease, umod-related 12.2
24 uric acid concentration, serum, quantitative trait locus 1 12.1
25 chondrocalcinosis 2 11.8
26 uric acid concentration, serum, quantitative trait locus 4 11.6
27 arthritis 11.6
28 crystal arthropathies 11.5
29 autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease 11.5
30 polycythemia vera 11.5
31 medullary cystic kidney disease 1 11.4
32 glycogen storage disease ia 11.4
33 autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease, ren-related 11.4
34 ren-related kidney disease 11.3
35 medullary cystic kidney disease 2 11.2
36 obsolete: familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 1 11.2
37 nephronophthisis-like nephropathy 1 11.1
38 occipital neuralgia 11.1
39 rheumatic disease 10.8
40 enthesopathy 10.7
41 arthropathy 10.7
42 chondrocalcinosis 10.6
43 chronic kidney disease 10.6
44 kidney disease 10.6
45 wells syndrome 10.6 NLRP3 IL1B
46 rheumatoid arthritis 10.6
47 urate oxidase, pseudogene 10.5
48 septic arthritis 10.5
49 systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis 10.5 IL1B IL18
50 synovitis 10.5

Comorbidity relations with Gout via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 24)


Active Peptic Ulcer Disease Acute Cystitis
Acute Kidney Failure Aortic Valve Disease 1
Benign Essential Hypertension Bladder Neck Obstruction
Bronchitis Deficiency Anemia
Familial Atrial Fibrillation First-Degree Atrioventricular Block
Generalized Atherosclerosis Heart Disease
Hypertension, Essential Hypothyroidism
Intermediate Coronary Syndrome Iron Deficiency Anemia
Kidney Disease Mitral Valve Disease
Osteoarthritis Peripheral Vascular Disease
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Hypertrophy
Sinoatrial Node Disease Transient Cerebral Ischemia

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Gout:



Diseases related to Gout
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Gout

About this section

UMLS symptoms related to Gout:


back pain, sciatica, muscle cramp

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Gout according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Decreased viability GR00221-A-1 10.02 PRPS1
2 Decreased viability GR00240-S-1 10.02 ABCG2 ADSL
3 Decreased viability GR00402-S-2 10.02 ABCG2 ADSL APRT DARS2 HPRT1 IL18
4 no effect GR00402-S-1 9.62 ABCG2 ADSL APRT DARS2 HPRT1 IL18

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Gout:

45
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.07 ABCG2 APRT HPRT1 IL18 IL1B NLRP3
2 immune system MP:0005387 9.93 ABCG2 APRT HPRT1 IL18 IL1B NLRP3
3 mortality/aging MP:0010768 9.77 ADSL APRT DARS2 HPRT1 IL18 IL1B
4 renal/urinary system MP:0005367 9.23 ABCG2 APRT HPRT1 NLRP3 SLC22A12 SLC2A9
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Gout

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PubMed Health treatment related to Gout: 62

The treatment of gout has two aims: In the short term, it should provide pain relief during gout attacks. In the long term, it should prevent further attacks and lower the risk of chronic inflammations and joint damage. Gout attacks are treated with anti-inflammatory medications. These include anti-inflammatory painkillers, such as ibuprofen , indometacine or naproxen , steroid medicines (usually tablets with prednisolone ), as well as the gout medicine colchicine . Because colchicine is slow to start working and has certain possible side effects, it is no longer used very often. If a single drug can’t provide enough pain relief, the treatments can be combined. Cooling the affected joint probably also helps, and most people find it very soothing. The goal of long-term gout treatment is to prevent gout attacks and complications by lowering the level of uric acid . This can be done in two ways: Changing your diet: Especially eating less meat, fish and seafood, and drinking less alcohol. Taking medication to lower your uric acid levels, typically allopurinol . Not everyone who has gout needs to take medicine to lower their uric acid levels. In particular, people who have already had a gout attack usually don’t need to take it. This is because some people don't have any problems after that for years, and others only have them rarely. Medication is mainly used if the attacks become more frequent or are very distressing. It also makes sense to take it if complications such as tophi or kidney stones have already developed, or if the functioning of the kidney is affected. Medication might also be an option if changes to your diet aren’t enough to make a difference.

Drugs for Gout (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 289)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Lumiracoxib Approved, Investigational Phase 4 220991-20-8 151166
2
Indomethacin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 53-86-1 3715
3
Febuxostat Approved Phase 4 144060-53-7 134018
4
Etoricoxib Approved, Investigational Phase 4 202409-33-4 123619
5
Acetylcholine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 51-84-3 187
6
Naproxen Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 22204-53-1 1302 156391
7
Omeprazole Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 73590-58-6 4594
8
Olmesartan Approved, Investigational Phase 4 144689-24-7, 144689-63-4 158781 130881
9
Nitroglycerin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 55-63-0 4510
10
Nitric Oxide Approved Phase 4 10102-43-9 145068
11
Lithium carbonate Approved Phase 4 554-13-2
12
Carbamazepine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 298-46-4 2554
13
Valproic acid Approved, Investigational Phase 4 99-66-1 3121
14
Triamcinolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 124-94-7 31307
15
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 51-45-6 774
16
Etanercept Approved, Investigational Phase 4 185243-69-0
17
Amlodipine Approved Phase 4 88150-42-9 2162
18
Fexofenadine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 83799-24-0 3348
19
Midazolam Approved, Illicit Phase 4 59467-70-8 4192
20
Angiotensin II Approved, Investigational Phase 4 68521-88-0, 4474-91-3, 11128-99-7 172198
21
Losartan Approved Phase 4 114798-26-4 3961
22
Hydrochlorothiazide Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 58-93-5 3639
23
Benazepril Approved, Investigational Phase 4 86541-75-5 5362124
24
Sotalol Approved Phase 4 959-24-0, 3930-20-9 5253
25
Allopurinol Approved Phase 4 315-30-0 2094
26
Lesinurad Approved, Investigational Phase 4 878672-00-5 53465279
27
Probenecid Approved, Investigational Phase 4 57-66-9 4911
28
Phenytoin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 57-41-0 1775
29
Inulin Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 4 9005-80-5 24763
30
Calcium Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4 7440-70-2 271
31
Uric acid Investigational Phase 4 69-93-2 1175
32 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Phase 4
33 Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors Phase 4
34 Analgesics, Non-Narcotic Phase 4
35 Tocolytic Agents Phase 4
36 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Phase 4
37 Analgesics Phase 4
38 Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors Phase 4
39 Neuromuscular Agents Phase 4
40 Botulinum Toxins Phase 4
41 Cholinergic Agents Phase 4
42 abobotulinumtoxinA Phase 4
43 Botulinum Toxins, Type A Phase 4
44 Diacetylrhein Phase 4
45 Proton Pump Inhibitors Phase 4
46 Anti-Ulcer Agents Phase 4
47 Antacids Phase 4
48
Olmesartan medoxomil Phase 4 144689-63-4 130881
49 Antipsychotic Agents Phase 4
50 HIV Protease Inhibitors Phase 4

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 320)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Efficacy and Safety of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Etoricoxib in the Treatment of Acute Ankle Sprain in Sports: A Randomized Double-Blind Comparative Study Among 2 Treatments in the Acute Phase Unknown status NCT00525993 Phase 4 etoricoxib 90mg 14 days;etoricoxib 60mg daily for 14 days
2 A 1-Week, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Active-Controlled, Parallel Trial Comparing Lumiracoxib (400 mg Once Daily) in Patients With Acute Flares of Gout, Using Indomethacin (50 mg Three Times a Day) Completed NCT00170781 Phase 4 Lumiracoxib
3 Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for the Prevention of Gout Flares During the Initiation of Allopurinol Completed NCT01451645 Phase 4 Colchicine (Colcrys®);placebo;allopurinol
4 A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Comparator-Controlled 5-Day Trial of the Effect of Etoricoxib 120 mg Versus Indomethacin 150 mg in the Treatment of Acute Gout Completed NCT00142558 Phase 4 MK0663; etoricoxib / Duration of Treatment: 5 Days;Comparator: indomethacin 75 mg sustained release capsule / Duration of Treatment: 5 Days
5 Does Allopurinol Prolong a Treated, Acute Gout Flare? Completed NCT01988402 Phase 4 allopurinol;Placebo (sugar pill)
6 Long-term Allopurinol Safety Study Evaluating Outcomes in Gout Patients (LASSO) Completed NCT01391325 Phase 4 Allopurinol
7 Therapeutic Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Addition to Total Contact Insole in Treating Painful Hallux valgus-a Pilot Study Completed NCT01501500 Phase 4 BOTOX;Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)
8 Shifting the Paradigm of Gout: An Assessment of Chronic Synovial-Based Inflammation and Its Role With Serum Urate Levels. Completed NCT01112982 Phase 4 Febuxostat;Colchicine
9 Therapy for Acute Gout: Does Initial Use of Allopurinol Effect Duration and/or Recurrence Rate of Acute Attacks Completed NCT01310673 Phase 4 Allopurinol;Placebo
10 Diacerein Combined With Febuxostat Relieves Symptoms of Gout by Suppressing IL-1βinflammation Completed NCT02060552 Phase 4 Diacerein;Colchicine;Febuxostat
11 Multi-centre, Open-label, Active-comparator, Pragmatic Clinical Trial of Low-dose Colchicine Versus Naproxen in Patients With Acute Gout. Completed NCT01994226 Phase 4 Low-dose colchicine;Naproxen 750 mg/250 mg
12 A Prospective, Non-comparative, Single Centre Study to Determine the Performance & Survivorship of the SIGMA HP® PARTIAL KNEE SYSTEM. Completed NCT01529099 Phase 4
13 Optimal Administration of Allopurinol in Dialysis Patients : A Chronotherapy Trial Completed NCT02477488 Phase 4 Allopurinol
14 Treatment of Uric Acid With the Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat: Effects on Blood Pressure, Metabolic Markers, and Aortic Stiffness in Prehypertensive Completed NCT01472692 Phase 4 Febuxostat
15 Febuxostat (Zurig) Efficacy & Safety Trial in Comparison With Allopurinol in Hyperuricemic Subjects With or Without Gout Completed NCT02600780 Phase 4 Febuxostat;Allopurinol
16 Do Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Reduce Both Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Patients With Renal Dysfunction? Completed NCT00688480 Phase 4 Placebo;Allopurinol
17 The Effect of Intensive Urate Lowering Therapy (ULT) With Febuxostat in Comparison With Allopurinol on Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Gout Using Surrogate Markers: a Randomized, Controlled Trial Completed NCT02500641 Phase 4 Febuxostat 80/120mg/day;Allopurinol 100 up to 600mg/day;Colchicine;Naproxen;Omeprazole
18 A Double Blind Cross-over Study of the Efficacy of a Proprietary Cherry Juice Blend in Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Completed NCT00443092 Phase 4
19 Effects of Pharmacological Reversal of Hyperuricemia on Features of the Metabolic Syndrome Completed NCT01654276 Phase 4 Febuxostat
20 Effect of Probenecid on Pharmacokinetics, and Tolerability of Olmesartan in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Completed NCT01907373 Phase 4 olmesartan medoxomil;olmesartan medoxomil+probenecid
21 A Deep Phenotyping Approach to Assess the Effect of Uric Acid Lowering in Patients With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Completed NCT02344602 Phase 4 Febuxostat
22 A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Augmentation Study With Allopurinol for Treatment Resistant Mania Completed NCT00643123 Phase 4 Allopurinol
23 Does Allopurinol Regress Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Treated Essential Hypertension? Completed NCT02237339 Phase 4 Allopurinol;Placebo
24 Febuxostat, Blood Pressure and the Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) Completed NCT01328769 Phase 4 Febuxostat;Placebo
25 Does ALlopurinol Regress lefT Ventricular Hypertrophy in End Stage REnal Disease: The ALTERED Study Completed NCT01951404 Phase 4 Allopurinol;Placebo (for allopurinol)
26 Investigator-Initiated, Pilot Study Evaluating The Efficacy Of Etanercept In Acute Gout Recruiting NCT03636373 Phase 4 Etanercept;Triamcinolone Acetonide
27 A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study of Methotrexate to Increase Response Rates in Patients With Uncontrolled GOut Receiving KRYSTEXXA® (Pegloticase) (MIRROR Randomized Controlled Trial [RCT]) Recruiting NCT03994731 Phase 4
28 A Multicenter, Open-Label, Efficacy and Safety Study of Pegloticase in Patients With Uncontrolled Gout Who Have Undergone Kidney Transplantation Recruiting NCT04087720 Phase 4
29 Comparison of Maximum Blood Concentrations of Colchicine Between Responders and Non-responders to Colchicine Treatment During Gout Flare Recruiting NCT03933007 Phase 4 Colchicine,;midazolam,;fexofenadine
30 Efficacy and Safety of a Single-pill Fixed Combination of Sufficient Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide in Chinese Hypertensive Patients (FOCUS) Recruiting NCT03946514 Phase 4 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide;amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide
31 ACEI/CCB Versus ACEI/DIU Combination Antihypertensive Therapy in Chinese Hypertensive Patients (ACvAD) Recruiting NCT03682692 Phase 4 ACEI/CCB;ACEI/DIU
32 A Pilot and Feasibility Study to Determine if a Common Atrial Fibrillation Risk Locus Modulates Differential Response to Antiarrhythmic Drugs Recruiting NCT02347111 Phase 4 Flecainide;Sotalol
33 A Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study of Methotrexate to Increase Response Rates in Patients With Uncontrolled GOut Receiving KRYSTEXXA® (Pegloticase) (MIRROR Open-Label [OL]) Active, not recruiting NCT03635957 Phase 4
34 CSP #594 - Comparative Effectiveness in Gout: Allopurinol vs. Febuxostat Active, not recruiting NCT02579096 Phase 4 Allopurinol;Febuxostat;Placebo, vehicle control (Febuxostat-shaped);Placebo, vehicle control (Allopurinol-shaped)
35 The Effects of BCRP Q141K on Allopurinol Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics Active, not recruiting NCT02956278 Phase 4 Allopurinol
36 TRPV2 Agonists in Fontan Circulation Patients Active, not recruiting NCT03965351 Phase 4 Probenecid
37 Anti-inflammatory Effects of Colchicine in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Inflammatory Marker Substudy of the Colchicine-PCI Trial Active, not recruiting NCT01709981 Phase 4 Colchicine;Placebo
38 Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition for Improvement of Long-term Outcomes Following Ischaemic Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack Active, not recruiting NCT02122718 Phase 4 Allopurinol;Placebo
39 The Impact of Urate-lowering Therapy on Kidney Function in Patients With/Without Gout Enrolling by invitation NCT03336203 Phase 4 Febuxostat 80 MG Oral Tablet or Allopurinol 300 MG Oral Tablet
40 A Single-center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial for the Effect of Allopurinol Sustained-release Capsules on the Stability of Coronary Plaques in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Not yet recruiting NCT03745729 Phase 4 allopurinol sustained-release capsules;placebo capsules
41 A Phase 4, Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Lesinurad 200 mg in Combination With a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor (XOI), Compared With an XOI Alone, in Subjects With Gout and Estimated Creatinine Clearance (eCrCl) 30 to <60 mL/Min Who Have Not Achieved Target Serum Uric Acid Levels (sUA) on an XOI Alone Terminated NCT03226899 Phase 4 Lesinurad;XOI;Placebo
42 Allopurinol as a Possible New Therapy for Acute Coronary Syndromes:The Next Steps Terminated NCT01457820 Phase 4 Allopurinol;Allopurinol;Placebo
43 Evaluating Transporter Protein Inhibitors in Patients With Epilepsy Terminated NCT00610532 Phase 4 phenytoin;phenytoin and probenecid
44 Mechanistic Effects of Colchicine in Patients With Myocardial Infarction A Single Center Phase 4 Single Arm Open-label Study Evaluating the FDA-approved Drug, Colchicine, at the FDA-approved Gout Dose in Patients With Myocardial Infarction Withdrawn NCT02995512 Phase 4 Colchicine 0.6 mg tablets
45 A Clinical Trial About the Efficacy and Safety of HuZhen Capsule in Treating Patients With Acute Gout: A 72 Hours, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Placebo Compared Clinical Trial Unknown status NCT02674776 Phase 3 HuZhen Capsule;Placebo Capsule
46 A Feasibility Study to Undertake a Definitive Randomised Multi-centre, Double-blind, Double-dummy Controlled Study of a Novel Agent Anakinra vs. Depo-Medrone for Acute Gout Attacks in Patients With Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease Unknown status NCT02578394 Phase 2, Phase 3 Anakinra 100mg and Placebo Depo-Medrone;Depo-Medrone 120mg and Placebo (Anakinra)
47 The Effects of Doxazosin and Nifedipine on Blood Pressure Variability and Uric Acid in Plasma in Hypertensive Patients Unknown status NCT02563405 Phase 2, Phase 3 Doxazosin;Nifedipine
48 A 36-week Open-label Extension Study of CACZ885H2361 on the Safety and Tolerability of Canakinumab 150 mg s.c. Pre-filled Syringe (PFS) in Treating Acute Gouty Arthritis Flares in Frequently Flaring Patients Completed NCT01431638 Phase 3 Canakinumab 150mg in prefilled syringe
49 A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Study of Canakinumab Prefilled Syringes or Reconstituted Lyophilizate Versus Triamcinolone Acetonide for Treating Acute Gouty Arthritis Flares in Frequently Flaring Patients Completed NCT01356602 Phase 3 Canakinumab pre-filled syringe;Canakinumab lyophilized powder;Triamcinolone Acetonide;Placebo
50 An Open-label Extension Study of CACZ885H2356E2 and CACZ885H2357E2 on the Treatment and Prevention of Gout Flares in Patients With Frequent Flares for Whom NSAIDs and/or Colchicine Are Contraindicated, Not Tolerated or Ineffective Completed NCT01470989 Phase 3 ACZ885

Search NIH Clinical Center for Gout

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 50 :


ACETYLSALICYLATE SODIUM
Allopurinol
Aspirin
ASPIRIN PWDR
Colchicine
Gout Suppressants
Ibuprofen
Indomethacin
INDOMETHACIN PWDR
INDOMETHACIN SODIUM
Naproxen
Naproxen sodium
Probenecid
solufenum
Sulfinpyrazone
Sulindac

Cochrane evidence based reviews: gout

Sources

Genetic Tests for Gout

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Sources

Anatomical Context for Gout

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The Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology organs/tissues related to Gout:

19
Joint

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Gout:

40
Kidney, Heart, Bone, Liver, Skin, Neutrophil, Testes
Sources

Publications for Gout

About this section

Articles related to Gout:

(show top 50) (show all 12607)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis diagnosed during gout flares: A case report and cumulative effect of inflammatory cytokines on chronic arthritis. 61 42
31577714 2019
2
Percutaneous endoscopic treatment for cervical ligamentum flavum gouty tophus: A case report. 61 42
31096496 2019
3
Management of complex gout in clinical practice: Update on therapeutic approaches. 61 42
31427057 2018
4
Childhood course of renal insufficiency in a family with a uromodulin gene mutation. 54 61
20151160 2010
5
Four generations of transition-state analogues for human purine nucleoside phosphorylase. 54 61
20212140 2010
6
Refractory polyarticular gouty arthritis as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. 54 61
20051757 2010
7
The NLRP3 inflammasome: a sensor for metabolic danger? 54 61
20075245 2010
8
Allopurinol, xanthine oxidase, and cardiac ischemia. 54 61
19794315 2009
9
Febuxostat: a selective xanthine-oxidase/xanthine-dehydrogenase inhibitor for the management of hyperuricemia in adults with gout. 54 61
20109996 2009
10
The interleukin 1 inhibitor rilonacept in treatment of chronic gouty arthritis: results of a placebo-controlled, monosequence crossover, non-randomised, single-blind pilot study. 54 61
19635719 2009
11
In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the fractions of Erythrina stricta Roxb. 54 61
19467311 2009
12
Severe gouty arthritis and mild neurologic symptoms due to F199C, a newly identified variant of the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. 54 61
19565499 2009
13
Febuxostat (Uloric) for chronic treatment of gout. 54 61
19448587 2009
14
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in a Chinese man with early-onset gout. 54 61
19435978 2009
15
Crystal ball gazing: new therapeutic targets for hyperuricaemia and gout. 54 61
19109320 2009
16
Role of urate, xanthine oxidase and the effects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress. 54 61
19436671 2009
17
Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy: report on a new mutation and a pregnancy. 54 61
19203555 2009
18
The effect of age and gender on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. 54 61
18635756 2008
19
Abnormal expression and processing of uromodulin in Fabry disease reflects tubular cell storage alteration and is reversible by enzyme replacement therapy. 54 61
18651238 2008
20
Normal HPRT coding region in complete and partial HPRT deficiency. 54 61
18316217 2008
21
Synthesis of N-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole derivatives as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors. 54 61
17692432 2008
22
[Inhibitors of xanthine oxidoreductase]. 54 61
18409526 2008
23
[New antihyperuricemic medicine: febuxostat, Puricase, etc]. 54 61
18409528 2008
24
The potential role for xanthine oxidase inhibition in major intra-abdominal surgery. 54 61
18074171 2008
25
The spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases: recent bench to bedside observations. 54 61
18281860 2008
26
Febuxostat. 54 61
18729537 2008
27
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors the unappreciated treatment for heart failure. 54 61
18220728 2007
28
Arts syndrome is caused by loss-of-function mutations in PRPS1. 54 61
17701896 2007
29
HPRT deficiency in a two-month-old child presenting acute renal failure and gout with a new deletion of two bases in exon 3 of the HPRT gene. 54 61
17416296 2007
30
Identification of a new single-nucleotide mutation on the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene from 983 cases with gout in Taiwan. 54 61
17309125 2007
31
Genetics and experimental models of crystal-induced arthritis. Lessons learned from mice and men: is it crystal clear? 54 61
17278928 2007
32
Febuxostat: a novel non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase for the treatment of hyperuricemia in gout. 54 61
19075968 2007
33
Febuxostat: a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. 54 61
17132810 2006
34
Pathogenesis, clinical findings and management of acute and chronic gout. 54 61
17213786 2006
35
Association between intronic SNP in urate-anion exchanger gene, SLC22A12, and serum uric acid levels in Japanese. 54 61
16920156 2006
36
Metabolic diseases: gout. 54 61
17113968 2006
37
Proteomic analysis of Down's syndrome patients with gout. 54 61
16500633 2006
38
Crystal-induced arthropathies: recent investigative advances. 54 61
16582687 2006
39
Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. 54 61
16507884 2006
40
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of febuxostat, a non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, in a dose escalation study in healthy subjects. 54 61
16884320 2006
41
Efficacy and safety of allopurinol in patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and partial hypoxanthine- phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: a follow-up study of 18 Spanish patients. 54 61
17065067 2006
42
HPRTSardinia: a new point mutation causing HPRT deficiency without Lesch-Nyhan disease. 54 61
16216473 2006
43
Partial HPRT deficiency (Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome). 54 61
16649740 2006
44
Mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta and their related phenotypes. 54 61
15930087 2006
45
Familial nephropathy associated with hyperuricemia in Spain: our experience with 3 families harbouring a UMOD mutation. 54 61
17065110 2006
46
Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. 54 61
16339094 2005
47
Association between cigarette smoking and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. 54 61
16358551 2005
48
Febuxostat (Teijin/Ipsen/TAP). 54 61
16312139 2005
49
Eighteen-year follow-up of a patient with partial hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency and a new mutation. 54 61
15965771 2005
50
Febuxostat: a non-purine, selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase for the management of hyperuricaemia in patients with gout. 54 61
16022578 2005
Sources

Variations for Gout

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Gout:

6 ‎‎ ‎‎
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID GRCh37 Pos GRCh38 Pos
1 DARS2 NM_018122.5(DARS2):c.228-21_228-20delinsCindel Pathogenic 1057 rs1553201258 1:173797450-173797451 1:173828312-173828313
2 DARS2 NM_018122.5(DARS2):c.492+2T>CSNV Pathogenic 1062 rs142433332 1:173800770-173800770 1:173831632-173831632
Sources

Expression for Gout

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Gout.
Sources

Pathways for Gout

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Pathways related to Gout according to KEGG:

36
# Name Kegg Source Accession
1 Purine metabolism hsa00230

Pathways related to Gout according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 16)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Metabolism of nucleotides 65
Show member pathways
 12.57 XDH PRPS1 HPRT1 APRT ADSL
2
Shigellosis 36
12.2 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B IL18
3
Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection 36
12.08 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B IL18
4
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway 36
11.96 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B IL18
5
Yersinia infection 36
11.75 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B IL18
6
ATP/ITP metabolism 22
11.65 HPRT1 APRT ADSL
7
Salmonella infection (KEGG) 36
11.62 PYCARD IL1B IL18
8
Pertussis 36
11.57 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B
9
Legionellosis 36
11.36 PYCARD IL1B IL18
10
Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD) pathway 1
11.07 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B IL18
11
Thiopurine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics 60
10.93 XDH PRPS1 HPRT1
12
Zidovudine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics 60
10.86 SLC22A11 ABCG2
13
Nucleotide Metabolism 1
10.71 PRPS1 HPRT1 ADSL
14
IL1 and megakaryocytes in obesity 1
10.65 S100A9 NLRP3 IL1B IL18
15
Interleukin-1 processing 65
10.3 IL1B IL18
16
Uricosurics Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
10.25 SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC22A11 SLC17A3 SLC17A1 PDZK1
Sources

GO Terms for Gout

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Cellular components related to Gout according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 secretory granule lumen GO:0034774 9.43 S100A9 PYCARD APRT
2 brush border membrane GO:0031526 9.26 SLC22A12 SLC17A3 PDZK1 ABCG2
3 apical plasma membrane GO:0016324 9.23 UMOD SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC22A11 SLC17A3 SLC17A1
4 NLRP3 inflammasome complex GO:0072559 9.16 PYCARD NLRP3

Biological processes related to Gout according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 26)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 inflammatory response GO:0006954 9.96 S100A9 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B IL18
2 transmembrane transport GO:0055085 9.87 SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC22A11 SLC17A3 SLC17A1 SLC16A9
3 positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 9.79 S100A9 IL1B IL18
4 regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050727 9.78 S100A9 PYCARD NLRP3
5 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0006919 9.73 XDH S100A9 PYCARD NLRP3
6 positive regulation of interferon-gamma production GO:0032729 9.69 PYCARD IL1B IL18
7 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051092 9.65 S100A9 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B IL18
8 grooming behavior GO:0007625 9.63 HPRT1 APRT
9 nucleoside metabolic process GO:0009116 9.63 PRPS1 HPRT1 APRT
10 purine-containing compound salvage GO:0043101 9.62 HPRT1 APRT
11 positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response GO:0150078 9.61 IL1B IL18
12 positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production GO:0032725 9.6 IL1B IL18
13 phosphate ion transport GO:0006817 9.59 SLC17A3 SLC17A1
14 positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation GO:0045630 9.58 NLRP3 IL18
15 interleukin-6 production GO:0032635 9.58 IL1B IL18
16 purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0006164 9.58 PRPS1 HPRT1 ADSL
17 ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009156 9.57 PRPS1 ADSL
18 drug transmembrane export GO:1990961 9.55 SLC17A3 PDZK1
19 positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production GO:2000556 9.54 IL1B IL18
20 organic anion transport GO:0015711 9.54 SLC22A12 SLC22A11 SLC17A3
21 purine ribonucleoside salvage GO:0006166 9.52 HPRT1 APRT
22 adenine metabolic process GO:0046083 9.49 HPRT1 APRT
23 adenine salvage GO:0006168 9.48 HPRT1 APRT
24 urate transport GO:0015747 9.35 SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC17A3 SLC17A1 ABCG2
25 interleukin-1 beta production GO:0032611 9.33 PYCARD NLRP3 IL1B
26 urate metabolic process GO:0046415 9.17 SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC22A11 SLC17A3 SLC17A1 SLC16A9

Molecular functions related to Gout according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 protein homodimerization activity GO:0042803 9.63 XDH PYCARD PRPS1 HPRT1 DARS2 ABCG2
2 symporter activity GO:0015293 9.54 SLC17A3 SLC17A1 SLC16A9
3 xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity GO:0042910 9.32 SLC17A3 ABCG2
4 organic anion transmembrane transporter activity GO:0008514 9.26 SLC22A11 SLC17A3
5 efflux transmembrane transporter activity GO:0015562 8.96 SLC17A3 ABCG2
6 urate transmembrane transporter activity GO:0015143 8.92 SLC2A9 SLC22A12 SLC17A3 ABCG2
Sources

Sources for Gout

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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