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MCID: GYN001
MIFTS: 46

Gynecomastia

Categories: Endocrine diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Gynecomastia

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Gynecomastia:

Name: Gynecomastia 12 76 29 55 6 15 73

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Endocrine diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 33


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:12698
ICD10 33 N62
MeSH 44 D006177
NCIt 50 C3073
UMLS 73 C0018418
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Summaries for Gynecomastia

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MalaCards based summary : Gynecomastia is related to aromatase excess syndrome and androgen insensitivity, partial. An important gene associated with Gynecomastia is HSD17B3 (Hydroxysteroid 17-Beta Dehydrogenase 3), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway and Signaling by ERBB4. The drugs Bicalutamide and Androgen Antagonists have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include breast, prostate and liver, and related phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and integument

Wikipedia : 76 Gynecomastia is an endocrine system disorder in which a noncancerous increase in the size of male breast... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Gynecomastia

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Diseases related to Gynecomastia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 265)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 aromatase excess syndrome 33.9 CYP19A1 POMC
2 androgen insensitivity, partial 32.2 AR CYP19A1 SHBG
3 vaginitis 30.2 AR ESR1
4 androgen insensitivity syndrome 30.2 AR CGA SHBG SRY
5 47, xxy 30.1 AR SHBG
6 pseudohermaphroditism 30.0 AR CYP19A1 HSD17B3 SRY
7 hypospadias 30.0 AR HSD17B3 SRY
8 ductal carcinoma in situ 30.0 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 PGR
9 bilateral breast cancer 29.7 ESR1 PGR
10 leiomyoma 29.7 CYP19A1 ESR1 PGR
11 hermaphroditism 29.6 SHBG SRY
12 infertility 29.5 CYP19A1 PGR PRL
13 hyperprolactinemia 29.5 POMC PRL SHBG
14 impotence 29.5 KLK3 PRL SHBG
15 hydrocele 29.3 CGA ESR1
16 sexual disorder 29.3 KLK3 PRL SHBG
17 varicocele 28.8 CGA PRL SHBG
18 osteoporosis 28.7 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 SHBG
19 hyperthyroidism 28.5 CGA PRL SHBG
20 breast disease 27.8 ESR1 KLK3 PGR PRL SHBG
21 infant gynecomastia 12.0
22 wilson-turner x-linked mental retardation syndrome 11.9
23 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase iii deficiency 11.7
24 spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, x-linked 1 11.2
25 testicular seminoma 11.2
26 mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome, x-linked, 1 10.9
27 borjeson-forssman-lehmann syndrome 10.8
28 46,xx sex reversal 1 10.8
29 alopecia, neurologic defects, and endocrinopathy syndrome 10.8
30 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 10.8
31 49, xxxyy syndrome 10.8
32 transsexualism 10.8 AR CYP19A1
33 nodular prostate 10.7 AR KLK3
34 prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma 10.7 AR KLK3
35 benign metastasizing leiomyoma 10.6 CYP19A1 PGR
36 corneal abscess 10.6 AR PGR
37 intracystic papillary adenoma 10.6 PGR PRL
38 vulvar syringoma 10.6 ESR1 PGR
39 lung leiomyoma 10.6 ESR1 PGR
40 vestibular gland benign neoplasm 10.6 ESR1 PGR
41 bartholin's gland adenoma 10.6 ESR1 PGR
42 glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix 10.6 ESR1 PGR
43 endometrial disease 10.6 CYP19A1 ESR1
44 vulvar benign neoplasm 10.6 ESR1 PGR
45 trigonitis 10.6 ESR1 PGR
46 vulvar leiomyoma 10.6 ESR1 PGR
47 papillary hidradenoma 10.6 AR PGR
48 predominantly cortical thymoma 10.6 ESR1 PGR
49 breast medullary carcinoma 10.5 ESR1 PGR
50 breast scirrhous carcinoma 10.5 ESR1 PGR

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Gynecomastia:



Diseases related to Gynecomastia
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Gynecomastia

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Gynecomastia:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 9.7 AR CGA CYP19A1 ESR1 PGR POMC
2 integument MP:0010771 9.43 AR CYP19A1 ESR1 PGR POMC PRL
3 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.02 AR ESR1 PGR POMC PRL
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Gynecomastia

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Drugs for Gynecomastia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 39)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Bicalutamide Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 90357-06-5 56069 2375
2 Androgen Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
3 Androgens Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
4 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
5 Hormones Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
6 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
7
Spironolactone Approved Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1 1952-01-7, 52-01-7 5833
8
Tamoxifen Approved Phase 3,Phase 2 10540-29-1 2733526
9
Anastrozole Approved, Investigational Phase 3,Phase 2 120511-73-1 2187
10 diuretics Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
11 Diuretics, Potassium Sparing Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
12 Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
13 Mineralocorticoids Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
14 Natriuretic Agents Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1
15 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 3,Phase 2
16 Estrogen Antagonists Phase 3,Phase 2
17 Estrogens Phase 3,Phase 2
18 Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors Phase 3,Phase 2
19 Bone Density Conservation Agents Phase 3,Phase 2
20 Estrogen Receptor Modulators Phase 3,Phase 2
21 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Phase 3,Phase 2
22 Aromatase Inhibitors Phase 3,Phase 2
23 Calcium, Dietary Phase 3
24
Dutasteride Approved, Investigational Phase 2 164656-23-9 152945 6918296
25
Testolactone Approved, Investigational Phase 2 968-93-4 13769
26
Testosterone Approved, Investigational Phase 2 58-22-0 6013
27
Eplerenone Approved Phase 2 107724-20-9 150310 443872
28 Deslorelin Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 2 57773-65-6
29 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors Phase 2
30
Methyltestosterone Approved 58-18-4 6010
31
Testosterone enanthate Approved 315-37-7 9416
32
Testosterone undecanoate Approved, Investigational 5949-44-0
33 Antipsychotic Agents
34 Central Nervous System Depressants
35 Psychotropic Drugs
36 Quetiapine Fumarate 111974-72-2
37 Tranquilizing Agents
38 Anabolic Agents
39 Testosterone 17 beta-cypionate

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 22)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX Completed NCT00590213 Phase 4 Casodex 150mg
2 Inhibition of Aldosterone to Reduce Myocardial Diffuse Fibrosis in Patients With Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Preventing Recurrent Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation Unknown status NCT02764619 Phase 3 Spironolactone;Placebo
3 Gynecomastia Extension Study Completed NCT00637182 Phase 3 Anastrozole
4 Two Different Regimens of Nolvadex in Preventing Gynecomastia Induced by Casodex 150 mg in Patients With Prostate Cancer Completed NCT00233610 Phase 3 Bicalutamide;Tamoxifen
5 Prevention of the Progression of Coronary Calcification With Use of Spironolactone in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Completed NCT03314493 Phase 3 Spironolactone 25Mg Tablet
6 Efficacy and Toxicity of Bicalutamide and Dutasteride vs. Standard Care for Prostate Cytoreduction for Brachytherapy Unknown status NCT00866554 Phase 2 administration of a LHRH agonist and Bicalutamide;administration of Bicalutamide, Dutasteride and Tamoxifen
7 Open Label Arimidex in Gynecomastia Completed NCT00241436 Phase 2 Anastrozole (ARIMIDEXâ„¢)
8 Casodex - Nolvadex Combination Completed NCT00637871 Phase 2 Casodex;Tamoxifen
9 Treatment of Boys With Precocious Puberty Completed NCT00001202 Phase 2 Spironolactone;Testolactone;Deslorelin
10 Spironolactone for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Recruiting NCT01712620 Phase 1, Phase 2 Spironolactone;Placebo
11 Essential Oils for Enhancing QOL in ASD Recruiting NCT02543203 Phase 2
12 Eplerenone Versus Spironolactone as Treatment of Ascites Due to Liver Cirrhosis; a Study of Efficacy and Side Effects Withdrawn NCT01801228 Phase 2 Eplerenone
13 Targeted Fat Reduction of Pseudogynecomastia in the Male Breast Using the ZELTIQ Coolsculpting System Unknown status NCT01791660 Not Applicable
14 Post-massive Weight Loss Chest Contouring: Inferior Pedicle Technique in Pseudo-gynecomastia Correction Completed NCT03319862
15 Changes in Hyperprolactinemia Secondary to Antipsychotics After Switching to Quetiapine Completed NCT00952757
16 Sperm Production in Kleinfelter Syndrome Patients After Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection Completed NCT02414295 Not Applicable Mesenchymal stem cell injection
17 Adaptation Among Adolescents and Adults With Klinefelter Syndrome Completed NCT00896272
18 Delayed Puberty in Boys; Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics and Effect of Testosterone Treatment Completed NCT02034487
19 Patient's Management Receiving Eplerenone Therapy Completed NCT01440049
20 UltraShape Device for Non-Invasive Fat Reduction in the Male Breast (Pseudogynecomastia) Recruiting NCT02711605 Not Applicable
21 Fertility Assessment in Patients With Klinefelter Syndrome Recruiting NCT02461303
22 Screening for Primary Aldosteronism in a Population of Patients With Hypertension Recruiting NCT03105531

Search NIH Clinical Center for Gynecomastia

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 73 / NDF-RT 51 :
Sources

Genetic Tests for Gynecomastia

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Genetic tests related to Gynecomastia:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Gynecomastia 29
Sources

Anatomical Context for Gynecomastia

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Gynecomastia:

41
Breast, Prostate, Liver, Skin, Bone, Lung, Testis
Sources

Publications for Gynecomastia

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Articles related to Gynecomastia:

(show top 50) (show all 679)
# Title Authors Year
1
Changing practices: The addition of a novel surgical approach to gynecomastia. ( 29395029 )
2018
2
Discussion on "Gynecomastia Surgery-Impact on Life Quality: A prospective Case-Control Study". ( 29319580 )
2018
3
Statin Medications and the Risk of Gynecomastia. ( 29923212 )
2018
4
Glandular Liposculpture in the Treatment of Gynecomastia. ( 29644418 )
2018
5
Potential case of gynecomastia in mummified remains of an early modern period northern finnish vicar. ( 29664129 )
2018
6
Do Adolescents with Gynecomastia Require Routine Evaluation by Endocrinology? ( 29952889 )
2018
7
Spironolactone-Induced Unilateral Gynecomastia. ( 29552536 )
2018
8
Quantitative CT Assessment of Gynecomastia in the General Population and in Dialysis, Cirrhotic, and Obese Patients. ( 29326049 )
2018
9
Adrenocortical carcinoma characterized by gynecomastia: A case report. ( 29403152 )
2018
10
Closed-Suction Drains After Subcutaneous Mastectomy for Gynecomastia: Do they Reduce Complications? ( 29302730 )
2018
11
Correction of Tuberous Nipple Areolar Complex Deformity in Gynecomastia: The Deformity That Can Get Forgotten. ( 29762454 )
2018
12
Re: False Positive Uptake in Bilateral Gynecomastia on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Scan. ( 29688944 )
2018
13
Comment to: "Complications and Outcomes After Gynecomastia Surgery: Analysis of 204 Pediatric and 1583 Adult Cases from a National Multi-center Database". ( 29075817 )
2018
14
Efficiency of Imaging Modalities in Male Breast Disease: Can Ultrasound Give Additional Information for Assessment of Gynecomastia Evolution? ( 29322116 )
2018
15
Diagnosis and Management of Gynecomastia for Urologists. ( 29774423 )
2018
16
Bilateral Mastectomy as Radical Treatment of Gynecomastia Secondary to Antiretroviral Therapy in a Low-Income Setting: A Case Report. ( 29752634 )
2018
17
Evaluation of Glandular Liposculpture as a Single Treatment for Grades I and II Gynecomastia. ( 29869229 )
2018
18
Does Prophylactic Radiation Therapy to Avoid Gynecomastia in Patients With Prostate Cancer Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer? ( 29534900 )
2018
19
Bipolar disorder, comorbid anxiety disorders, gynecomastia and dental pain: case analysis with literature review. ( 29971157 )
2018
20
Re: Gynecomastia Surgery-Impact on Life Quality: A Prospective Case-Control Study. ( 29319581 )
2018
21
Clinical Characteristics of Asymmetric Bilateral Gynecomastia: Suggestion of Desirable Surgical Method Based on a Single-Institution Experience. ( 29464386 )
2018
22
Comment to: "Complications and Outcomes After Gynecomastia Surgery: Analysis of 204 Pediatric and 1583 Adult Cases from a National Multi-center Database". ( 29075818 )
2018
23
Is There a Rationale behind Pharmacotherapy in Idiopathic Gynecomastia? ( 29772574 )
2018
24
A Young Male with Bilateral Gynecomastia. ( 29592910 )
2018
25
Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma in A Man with Gynecomastia: Ultrasonography, Mammography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features with Pathologic Correlation. ( 29774323 )
2018
26
Discussion: The Characteristics and Short-Term Surgical Outcomes of Adolescent Gynecomastia by B.S. Choi et al. ( 28639067 )
2017
27
Gynecomastia ( 28613563 )
2017
28
Orange Peel Excision of Gland: A Novel Surgical Technique for Treatment of Gynecomastia. ( 28795986 )
2017
29
Management of Adolescent Gynecomastia: An Update. ( 28845839 )
2017
30
Low zinc levels may contribute to gynecomastia in puberty. ( 28965587 )
2017
31
The burden of gynecomastia among men on antiretroviral therapy in Zomba, Malawi. ( 29155891 )
2017
32
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with early onset of pre-adolescent gynecomastia: a predigree case report and clinical and molecular genetic analysis. ( 28560011 )
2017
33
Reply to the Comment on: Management of Gynecomastia in Patients With Different Body Types: Considerations on 312 Consecutive Treated Cases. ( 28697008 )
2017
34
Closed-Suction Drains After Subcutaneous Mastectomy for Gynecomastia: Do They Reduce Complications? A Different Approach. ( 29264682 )
2017
35
Lymphomatous Involvement of Male Breast in a Patient with Bilateral Gynecomastia: Demonstration with (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography. ( 28680222 )
2017
36
The circumareolar approach to gynecomastia and transgender surgery: modifications to provide correct nipple areolar complex position and shape. ( 28876553 )
2017
37
Adolescent Gynecomastia. ( 28613047 )
2017
38
Pubertal gynecomastia: years of progress - the Hacettepe experience. ( 28598804 )
2017
39
A boy with 46,X,+mar presenting gynecomastia and short stature. ( 29301188 )
2017
40
False Positive Uptake in Bilateral Gynecomastia on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Scan. ( 28682848 )
2017
41
Reply: Gynecomastia Classification for Surgical Management: A Systematic Review and Novel Classification System. ( 28617743 )
2017
42
Feminizing Adrenocortical Carcinoma Without Gynecomastia. ( 28804590 )
2017
43
Gynecomastia: histological appearance in different age groups. ( 28876176 )
2017
44
Closed-Suction Drains After Subcutaneous Mastectomy for Gynecomastia: Do They Reduce Complications? ( 28842781 )
2017
45
Gynecomastia Classification for Surgical Management: A Systematic Review and Novel Classification System. ( 28617739 )
2017
46
Management of Gynecomastia in Patients With Different Body Types: Considerations on 312 Consecutive Treated Cases. ( 28697007 )
2017
47
Multiple symmetric lipomatosis and gynecomastia: A case report and relative literature review. ( 28438575 )
2017
48
Gynecomastia: glandular-liposculpture through a single transaxillary one hole incision. ( 28758536 )
2017
49
Spironolactone-induced bilateral gynecomastia in a man detected by SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. ( 27151301 )
2016
50
Management of Gynecomastia in Patients With Different Body Types: Considerations on 312 Consecutive Treated Cases. ( 27805927 )
2016
Sources

Variations for Gynecomastia

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Gynecomastia:

6
# Gene Variation Type Significance SNP ID Assembly Location
1 46;Y;inv(X)(q27q28) inversion Uncertain significance
2 46;XY;t(1;6)(q23;q13)dn Translocation Uncertain significance
3 KIF4A NM_012310.4(KIF4A): c.1553G> C (p.Arg518Pro) single nucleotide variant Uncertain significance rs766819113 GRCh37 Chromosome X, 69573536: 69573536
4 KIF4A NM_012310.4(KIF4A): c.1553G> C (p.Arg518Pro) single nucleotide variant Uncertain significance rs766819113 GRCh38 Chromosome X, 70353686: 70353686
Sources

Expression for Gynecomastia

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Gynecomastia.
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Pathways for Gynecomastia

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Pathways related to Gynecomastia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway 1
11.84 AR CYP19A1 ESR1
2
Signaling by ERBB4 66
Show member pathways
 11.64 ESR1 PGR PRL
3
Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway 66
Show member pathways
 11.53 AR ESR1 PGR
4
Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network 1
11.46 CGA POMC PRL
5
Regulation of Androgen receptor activity 1
11.2 AR KLK3 SRY
6
Ovarian Infertility Genes 1
11.02 CYP19A1 PGR
7
FOXA1 transcription factor network 1
Show member pathways
 10.99 AR ESR1 KLK3
8
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) signaling pathway 1
10.93 CGA CYP19A1
9
Metabolism of steroid hormones 66
Show member pathways
 10.87 CGA CYP19A1 HSD17B3 POMC
10
Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis 22
10.79 AR CGA CYP19A1
11
Nongenotropic Androgen signaling 1
10.71 AR SHBG
12
Aromatase Inhibitor Pathway (Breast Cell), Pharmacodynamics 61
9.86 CYP19A1 ESR1
Sources

GO Terms for Gynecomastia

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Biological processes related to Gynecomastia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 14)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 9.93 AR CGA ESR1 PGR POMC
2 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006367 9.69 AR ESR1 PGR
3 cell-cell signaling GO:0007267 9.67 AR CGA PGR POMC
4 sex differentiation GO:0007548 9.52 AR SRY
5 peptide hormone processing GO:0016486 9.49 CGA POMC
6 androgen metabolic process GO:0008209 9.48 CYP19A1 ESR1
7 mammary gland alveolus development GO:0060749 9.46 AR ESR1
8 uterus development GO:0060065 9.43 CYP19A1 ESR1
9 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure GO:0003073 9.4 AR KLK3
10 steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway GO:0043401 9.33 AR ESR1 PGR
11 prostate gland growth GO:0060736 9.32 AR CYP19A1
12 testosterone biosynthetic process GO:0061370 9.26 CYP19A1 HSD17B3
13 tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis GO:0060748 8.96 AR PGR
14 mammary gland development GO:0030879 8.8 CYP19A1 PGR PRL

Molecular functions related to Gynecomastia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 enzyme binding GO:0019899 9.73 AR ESR1 PGR PHF6
2 lipid binding GO:0008289 9.67 AR ESR1 PGR SHBG
3 hormone activity GO:0005179 9.58 CGA POMC PRL
4 ATPase binding GO:0051117 9.5 AR ESR1 PGR
5 steroid hormone receptor activity GO:0003707 9.43 AR ESR1 PGR
6 androgen binding GO:0005497 9.16 AR SHBG
7 nuclear receptor activity GO:0004879 9.13 AR ESR1 PGR
8 steroid binding GO:0005496 8.92 AR ESR1 PGR SHBG
Sources

Sources for Gynecomastia

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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