Headache disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: HDC001 MIFTS: 54	Headache Categories: Neuronal diseases, Oral diseases, Rare diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Drugs Expand all tables

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Headache

MalaCards integrated aliases for Headache:

Name: Headache ⁵² ²⁸ ⁵ ⁴¹ ⁷⁵ ³¹

Headache Disorder ¹⁶

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Oral diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³¹

Diseases of the nervous system

Episodic and paroxysmal disorders

Other headache syndromes

Other specified headache syndromes

Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified

General symptoms and signs

Headache

ICD11: ³³

Diseases of the nervous system

Headache disorders

Headache disorders, unspecified

Other specified headache disorders

External Ids:

ICD10 ³¹ G44.8 R51

EFO ¹⁶ EFO_0009550

ICD11 ³³ 28995849 28995849/other 28995849/unspecified

Sources

Summaries for Headache

NINDS: ⁵² Headache is our most common form of pain and a major reason cited for days missed at work or school as well as visits to the doctor. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, published by the International Headache Society, is used to classify more than 150 types of primary and secondary headache disorders. Primary headaches occur independently and are not caused by another medical condition. Migraine, cluster, and tension-type headache are the more familiar types of primary headache. Secondary headaches are symptoms of another health disorder that causes pain-sensitive nerve endings to be pressed on or pulled or pushed out of place. They may result from underlying conditions including fever, infection, medication overuse, stress or emotional conflict, high blood pressure, psychiatric disorders, head injury or trauma, stroke, tumors, and nerve disorders (particularly trigeminal neuralgia, a chronic pain condition that typically affects a major nerve on one side of the jaw or cheek). Headaches can range in frequency and severity of pain. Some individuals may experience headaches once or twice a year, while others may experience headaches more than 15 days a month. Pain can range from mild to disabling and may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea or increased sensitivity to noise or light, depending on the type of headache.

MalaCards based summary: Headache, also known as headache disorder, is related to cluster headache and migraine without aura. An important gene associated with Headache is BRCA2 (BRCA2 DNA Repair Associated), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Nuclear receptors meta-pathway and Development Ligand-independent activation of ESR1 and ESR2. The drugs Galantamine and Aprepitant have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, pituitary and brain, and related phenotypes are nervous system and homeostasis/metabolism

MedlinePlus: ⁴¹ Almost everyone has had a headache. Headache is the most common form of pain. It's a major reason people miss days at work or school or visit the doctor. The most common type of headache is a tension headache. Tension headaches are due to tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp and jaw. They are often related to stress, depression or anxiety. You are more likely to get tension headaches if you work too much, don't get enough sleep, miss meals, or use alcohol. Other common types of headaches include migraines, cluster headaches, and sinus headaches. Most people can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax and taking pain relievers. Not all headaches require a doctor's attention. But sometimes headaches warn of a more serious disorder. Let your health care provider know if you have sudden, severe headaches. Get medical help right away if you have a headache after a blow to your head, or if you have a headache along with a stiff neck, fever, confusion, loss of consciousness, or pain in the eye or ear. NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Headache

Diseases in the Headache family:

Rare Headache

Diseases related to Headache via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 150)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cluster headache	30.4	CALCA CACNA1A
2	migraine without aura	29.8	SCN1A CACNA1A ATP1A2
3	migraine with or without aura 1	28.6	SCN1A PTGS2 EDNRA CYP1A2 CXCL8 CLCN1
4	sunct headache	11.1
5	hemicrania continua	11.0
6	paroxysmal hemicrania	11.0
7	thunderclap headache	11.0
8	new daily-persistent headache	10.8
9	noma	10.4	CXCL8 ALB
10	acalculous cholecystitis	10.3	CCK ALB
11	bile duct cystadenoma	10.3	PTGS2 ALB
12	bile reflux	10.3	PTGS2 CCK ALB
13	female stress incontinence	10.3	CYP1A2 ALB
14	discitis	10.3	CALCA ALB
15	kidney papillary necrosis	10.3	PTGS2 ALB
16	cholecystitis	10.3	CCK CALCA ALB
17	peptic esophagitis	10.3	PTGS2 CXCL8 ALB
18	trigeminal neuralgia	10.3	SCN1A CALCA CACNA1A
19	parathyroid adenoma	10.3	CALCA ALB ABCB1
20	pyelonephritis	10.3	CXCL8 CALCA ALB
21	pain agnosia	10.2	PTGS2 CCK CALCA ALB
22	agnosia	10.2	PTGS2 CCK CALCA ALB
23	duodenal ulcer	10.2	CXCL8 CCK CALCA
24	duodenal obstruction	10.2	CCK ALB
25	burning mouth syndrome	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 CALCA
26	episodic ataxia, type 5	10.2	CACNA1A ATP1A2
27	autonomic nervous system disease	10.2	SCN1A CALCA ALB
28	chondroblastoma	10.2	PTGS2 IL2 CXCL8
29	erythema multiforme	10.2	PTGS2 IL2 CXCL8
30	mastitis	10.2	EDNRA CXCL8 ALB
31	intracranial berry aneurysm	10.2	EDNRA CXCL8 ALB
32	cystitis	10.2	PTGS2 IL2 CXCL8
33	aspiration pneumonitis	10.2	CXCL8 ALB
34	extrapulmonary tuberculosis	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
35	aphthous stomatitis	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
36	gingival disease	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
37	prostatitis	10.2	PTGS2 IL2 CXCL8
38	somatoform disorder	10.2	SCN1A CXCL8 CALCA
39	pulmonary tuberculosis	10.2	IL2 HLA-DQB1 ALB
40	toxicodendron dermatitis	10.2	IL2 CXCL8
41	rectal disease	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
42	conjunctival disease	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
43	paracoccidioidomycosis	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
44	coccidiosis	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
45	thyroiditis	10.2	IL2 HLA-DQB1 CALCA
46	toxic shock syndrome	10.2	IL2 EDNRA CXCL8
47	opportunistic mycosis	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
48	lymph node disease	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
49	nasal cavity disease	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB
50	hypersensitivity reaction type iv disease	10.2	IL2 CXCL8 ALB

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Headache:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Headache

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Headache according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁵

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	no effect	GR00402-S-1	10.14	ABCB1 ALB ATP1A2 BRCA2 CACNA1A CALCA
2	no effect	GR00402-S-2	10.14	ALB ATP1A2 BRCA2 CACNA1A CALCA CCK

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Headache:

⁴⁵ (show all 16)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.44	ABCB1 ATP1A2 BRCA2 CACNA1A CALCA CCK
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.41	ABCB1 ALB ATP1A2 BRCA2 CACNA1A CALCA
3	normal	MP:0002873	10.37	ALB ATP1A2 BRCA2 CACNA1A CALCA CYP1A2
4	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.33	ABCB1 ATP1A2 BRCA2 CACNA1A CLCN1 EDNRA
5	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.25	ABCB1 ATP1A2 BRCA2 CACNA1A CALCA CLCN1
6	muscle	MP:0005369	10.21	ALB ATP1A2 CACNA1A CLCN1 EDNRA FKRP
7	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.21	ABCB1 ALB BRCA2 CACNA1A CCK CYP1A2
8	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.18	ABCB1 ALB ATP1A2 CALCA EDNRA FKRP
9	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	10.15	ABCB1 CACNA1A CCK CLCN1 CYP1A2 IL2
10	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	10.15	ABCB1 ALB CYP1A2 FKRP HLA-DQB1 IL2
11	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	10.13	ALB CALCA CCK EDNRA FKRP HLA-DQB1
12	immune system	MP:0005387	10.03	ABCB1 ALB BRCA2 CACNA1A EDNRA FKRP
13	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	10.01	ABCB1 ALB BRCA2 EDNRA HLA-DQB1 IL2
14	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.91	ABCB1 ALB ATP1A2 BRCA2 CACNA1A CALCA
15	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.9	ATP1A2 CACNA1A CALCA CYP1A2 EDNRA HLA-DQB1
16	integument	MP:0010771	9.28	ATP1A2 BRCA2 CACNA1A CALCA CLCN1 EDNRA

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Headache

Drugs for Headache (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 433)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Galantamine

Approved

Phase 4

357-70-0, 1953-04-4

9651

Aprepitant

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

170729-80-3

6918365 135413536

Fosaprepitant

Approved

Phase 4

172673-20-0

219090 135413538

Peppermint

Approved

Phase 4

Etoricoxib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

202409-33-4

123619

Ketamine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

6740-88-1, 1867-66-9

3821

Frovatriptan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

158747-02-5

77992

Ticagrelor

Approved

Phase 4

274693-27-5

9871419

Zolmitriptan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

139264-17-8

60857

Gabapentin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

60142-96-3

3446

Theophylline

Approved

Phase 4

58-55-9

2153

Almotriptan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

181183-52-8, 154323-57-6

123606

Diclofenac

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

15307-86-5, 15307-79-6

3033

Hydrocortisone succinate

Approved

Phase 4

2203-97-6

3643

Hydrocortisone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-03-3

Hydrocortisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-23-7

3640 5754

Duloxetine

Approved

Phase 4

136434-34-9, 116539-59-4

60835

Norepinephrine

Approved

Phase 4

51-41-2

439260

Dexmedetomidine

Approved, Experimental, Vet_approved

Phase 4

86347-14-0, 113775-47-6

68602 5311068

Sorbitol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

69-65-8, 50-70-4

453 6251 5780

Tetracosactide

Approved

Phase 4

16960-16-0

16133802 16129617

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

59467-70-8

4192

Peppermint oil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

8006-90-4

Rizatriptan

Approved

Phase 4

145202-66-0, 144034-80-0

5078

Olanzapine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

132539-06-1

135398745 4585

Sevoflurane

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

28523-86-6

5206

Racephedrine

Approved, Experimental

Phase 4

299-42-3, 90-82-4, 90-81-3

5032 9294 7028

Eszopiclone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

138729-47-2

969472

Clopidogrel

Approved

Phase 4

120202-66-6, 113665-84-2

60606

Tramadol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

27203-92-5

33741 5523

Nitrous oxide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

10024-97-2

948

Glycopyrronium

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

596-51-0, 740028-90-4

3494

Nadolol

Approved

Phase 4

42200-33-9

39147

Prazosin

Approved

Phase 4

19216-56-9

4893

Ethanol

Approved

Phase 4

64-17-5

702

Aminophylline

Approved

Phase 4

317-34-0

9433

Neostigmine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

59-99-4

4456 5824

Hydroxyzine

Approved

Phase 4

68-88-2

3658

Mirtazapine

Approved

Phase 4

85650-52-8, 61337-67-5

4205

Erenumab

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1582205-90-0

Nortriptyline

Approved

Phase 4

72-69-5

4543

Salmon calcitonin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

47931-85-1

155817456

Ropivacaine

Approved

Phase 4

84057-95-4

71273 175805

Cannabidiol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

13956-29-1

521372 644019

Dronabinol

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

1972-08-3

16078

Prednisolone phosphate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

302-25-0

Prednisolone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

52-21-1

Prednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-24-8

4894 5755

Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate

Approved

Phase 4

2921-57-5

1875

Methylprednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

83-43-2

4159 6741

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 1025)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	4mg StatDose Imitrex for Acute Treatment of Cluster Headache	Unknown status	NCT00399243	Phase 4	Sumatriptan 4mg Statdose injection
2	Evaluation of Almotriptan and Topiramate in the Detoxification and Treatment of Subjects With Medication Overuse Headache	Unknown status	NCT00432549	Phase 4	Almotriptan;Topiramate
3	Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block With Adrenaline Additive for Post-Dural Puncture Headache in Orthopedic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT04657952	Phase 4	Medical Treatment
4	GON-injection for a Sooner and Better Treatment of Cluster Headache: a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT04014634	Phase 4	Methylprednisolone
5	Atrioventricular Block and Cluster Headache	Unknown status	NCT04406259	Phase 4	Verapamil
6	Ketamine v. Ketorolac for Management of Generalized Tension Type Headache	Unknown status	NCT03221569	Phase 4	Intravenous ketamine;Ketorolac;Normal saline
7	Galantamine in the Preventive Treatment of Chronic Post-Traumatic Headache	Unknown status	NCT00219869	Phase 4	Galantamine
8	Efficacy and Safety of Zolmitriptan by Sublingual Administration in the Treatment of Cluster Headache: A Multi-center Randomized Cross-controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT03377257	Phase 4	zolmitriptan by sublingual administration;zolmitriptan by oral
9	Comparison of the Effect of Intravenous Paracetamol, Dexketoprofen and Ibuprofen on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in the Treatment of Acute Migraine Attack Headache in the Emergency Department: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT04372264	Phase 4	Paracetamol;Dexketoprofen;Ibuprofen
10	Comparison of Paracetamol and Dexketoprofen Trometamol on Headache Treatment After Electroconvulsive Treatment	Unknown status	NCT03830398	Phase 4	Paracetamol;Deksketoprofen trometamol;Placebo
11	Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial With Etoricoxib That is Taken to Prevent the Yom Kippur Headache	Unknown status	NCT00752921	Phase 4	etoricoxib;placebo
12	Effects on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Imaging Angiographies of the Supra-Aortic Vessels by Three Different Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents in Patients With Headache and Dizziness or Epilepsy and Clinical Indication for an Angiography by Magnetic Imaging	Unknown status	NCT00132223	Phase 4	Contrast agent
13	Self-control Trial to Evaluate the Role of Aprepitant in the Prophylaxis of Post-lumbar-punture-headache (PLPH)	Unknown status	NCT02347878	Phase 4	Aprepitant
14	Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks for Headaches in the Emergency Department	Unknown status	NCT04255420	Phase 4	Standard IV Treatment
15	IM Ketorolac vs Diclofenac Potassium Powder for Oral Solution (Cambia) for the Acute Treatment of Severe Migraine	Unknown status	NCT02664116	Phase 4	Diclofenac postassium powder for oral solution and placebo injection;Ketorolac intramuscular injection and placebo oral solution
16	A Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare Naproxen and Sumatriptan for Headache Patients Discharged From the Emergency Department (ED)	Completed	NCT00449787	Phase 4	Sumatriptan 100 mg;Naproxen
17	Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Etoricoxib (Arcoxia) Taken Prophylactically to Prevent Ramadan Headache	Completed	NCT01148303	Phase 4	Etoricoxib;Placebo
18	A Multicentre Randomised Parallel-groups Double-blind Double-dummy Single-dose Study to Compare Acetylsalicylic Acid 500 mg and 1,000 mg With Ibuprofen 200 mg and 400 mg and Placebo for Tolerability and Efficacy in the Treatment of Episodic Tension-type Headache	Completed	NCT01464983	Phase 4	Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin, BAYE4465);Ibuprofen;Placebo
19	Ticagrelor Therapy for RefrACTORy Migraine Study Pilot (TRACTOR)	Completed	NCT02518464	Phase 4	Ticagrelor 90 mg twice per day
20	Oral Pregabalin Versus Intravenous Hydrocortisone in Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache After Spinal Anesthesia for Elective Cesarean Section	Completed	NCT03910088	Phase 4	Pregabalin 100Mg Oral Cap;Hydrocortisone;Acetaminophen;Caffeine;Diclofenac
21	Abobotulinumtoxina Efficacy in Post-Traumatic Headache	Completed	NCT03928496	Phase 4	AbobotulinumtoxinA;Normal saline
22	An Open Trial of Duloxetine on Comorbid Major Depression and Chronic Headache	Completed	NCT00531895	Phase 4	duloxetine
23	Is Theophylline More Effective Than Sumatriptan in the Treatment of Post-dural Puncture Headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT04257851	Phase 4	Theophylline Anhydrous Oral Tablet;Sumatriptan Succinate Oral Tablet
24	Comparative Study Between Hydrocortisone and Mannitol in Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache: a Randomized Double-blind Study	Completed	NCT02760862	Phase 4	hydrocortisone 100mg.;mannitol 20% intravenous fluid
25	Is Aminophylline More Effective Than Neostigmine/Atropine Mixture in the Treatment of Post-dural Puncture Headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT03997006	Phase 4	IV Aminophylline;IV Neostigmine Methylsulfate + Atropine Sulphate
26	The Efficacy of Neostigmine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine for Intrathecal Block in Reducing the Incidence and Severity of Post-Dural Puncture Headache for Parturients Scheduled for Elective Caesarean Section	Completed	NCT03587441	Phase 4	Neostigmine Methylsulfate;Dextrose 5% in water
27	Effectiveness of Prophylactic Intrathecal Normal Saline for Prevention of Post Dural Puncture Headache in Women Undergoing Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT04393766	Phase 4	Normal Saline
28	An RCT of Metoclopramide/Diphenhydramine vs. Ketorolac Alone for Tension-type Headache	Completed	NCT01011673	Phase 4	Metoclopramide;Ketorolac
29	Cosyntropin Versus Epidural Blood Patch (EBP) for Treatment of Treatment of Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH)	Completed	NCT02394457	Phase 4	Cosyntropin
30	Efficacy and Safety of Euminz® (10% Ethanolic Solution of Peppermint Oil for Topical Use) Compared to Placebo in Patients With Episodic Tension-type Headache (ETTH); Phase IV Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT01770080	Phase 4	Euminz®;Placebo
31	Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Patients With Chronic Headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT01332864	Phase 4
32	Should Physicians Use a 24 Gauge Spinal Needle Instead of a 22 Gauge When Performing a Lumbar Puncture ? A Randomized Controlled Trial.	Completed	NCT01481922	Phase 4
33	Intravenous Haloperidol for the Treatment of Headache in the Emergency Department	Completed	NCT02747511	Phase 4	Haloperidol;Placebo
34	The Check Trial: A Comparison of Headache Treatment in the ED: Compazine Versus Ketamine. A Multi-Center, Randomized Double-Blind, Clinical Control Trial.	Completed	NCT02657031	Phase 4	Prochlorperazine;Ketamine;Diphenhydramine;Ondansetron;Normal Saline
35	Oral Rapidly Dissolving Olanzapine for Acute Primary Headache in the Emergency Department Setting: A Feasibility Trial	Completed	NCT03066622	Phase 4	Standard of Care as per attending physician;5mg rapidly dissolving olanzapine
36	The Effects of Expectation and Knowledge on Rizatriptan and Placebo Treatment of Acute Migraine Headache	Completed	NCT00719134	Phase 4	Maxalt;placebo pill;placebo pills
37	Preoperatively Administered Single Dose Diclofenac Reduces the Intensity of Acute Postcraniotomy Headache and Decreases Postoperative Analgesic Requirements- a Randomized, Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT01907984	Phase 4	Diclofenac;Midazolam
38	A Community Pharmacy Based Investigation in the Self-Medication Area Efficacy and Safety of Sinutab and Pseudoephedrine on Subjects With Nasal Congestion Accompanied by Headache in the Setting of a Common Cold	Completed	NCT00378144	Phase 4	Pseudoephedrine/Paracetamol
39	Treatment of Insomnia in Migraineurs With Eszopiclone (Lunesta™) and Its Effect on Sleep Time, Headache Frequency, and Daytime Functioning: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Pilot Study	Completed	NCT00812214	Phase 4	eszopiclone;placebo
40	Clopidogrel On Top of Aspirin For the Prevention of New Onset Migraine Headache Occurrence Following Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects: A Prospective Randomized Trial (the CANOA Study)	Completed	NCT00799045	Phase 4	Clopidogrel
41	Haldol/Diphenhydramine Versus Metoclopramide/Diphenhydramine for Treatment of Acute Headache in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT02098499	Phase 4	Haloperidol;Metoclopramide 10mg;Diphenhydramine
42	Gabapentin for Headache in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	Completed	NCT02330094	Phase 4	Gabapentin;Placebo
43	An Efficacy and Safety of Proprietary Formulations of Oral Ketamine + Aspirin and Nurtec (Rimegepant) in Adult Patients Presenting to the ED With Acute Headache: Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT04860713	Phase 4	aspirin and ketamine;Nurtec (Rimegepant)
44	A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of ULTRACET® (Tramadol HCl/Acetaminophen) Versus Placebo for the Acute Treatment of Migraine Headache Pain	Completed	NCT00297375	Phase 4	tramadol HCl/acetaminophen
45	Does a Single Oral Dose of Dexamethasone After Successful Emergency Treatment of Migraine Reduce the Incidence or Severity of Rebound Headache Within 48 Hours?	Completed	NCT00216736	Phase 4	Dexamethasone;placebo
46	AXERT® Early miGraine Intervention Study (AEGIS): Efficacy and Safety of Almotriptan Malate (AXERT®) Versus Placebo for the Acute Treatment of Migraine Headache	Completed	NCT00210509	Phase 4	almotriptan malate
47	Comparison of Oral Paracetamol and Zolmitriptan Efficacy in the Treatment of Acute Migraine Headache in Emergency Department: Randomize Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT03145467	Phase 4	Paracetamol;Zolmitriptan
48	Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscular Strength, Musculoskeletal Pain and Headache in Immigrants Living in Norway. Randomized, Double Blinded, Placebo Controlled Study	Completed	NCT01263288	Phase 4
49	Cupping Therapy and SERKANGABIN Versus Conventional Treatment of Migraine Headache: a Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT01476930	Phase 4	conventional migraine drug treatment
50	The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Intravenous Dexketoprofen and Paracetamol in the Treatment of Headache Caused by Acute Migraine Attack in Emergency Service	Completed	NCT01730326	Phase 4	Paracetamol;Dexketoprofen

Search NIH Clinical Center for Headache

Sources

Genetic Tests for Headache

Genetic tests related to Headache:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Headache ²⁸

Sources

Anatomical Context for Headache

Organs/tissues related to Headache:

MalaCards : Eye, Pituitary, Brain, Trigeminal Ganglion, Pineal, Hypothalamus, Cortex

Sources

Publications for Headache

Articles related to Headache:

(show top 50) (show all 30185)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Debate: Are cluster headache and migraine distinct headache disorders? ⁶² ⁴¹	Al-Karagholi MA...Ashina M	36447146	2022
2	Salivary Endocannabinoid Profiles in Chronic Orofacial Pain and Headache Disorders: An Observational Study Using a Novel Tool for Diagnosis and Management. ⁶² ⁴¹	Heiliczer S...Haviv Y	36361803	2022
3	Characterization of persistent headache attributed to past stroke. ⁶² ⁴¹	Rego A...Parreira E	36351416	2022
4	Headache in Adolescents. ⁶²	Patniyot I...Qubty W	36400554	2023
5	A de novo mutation (p.S1419F) of Retinoic acid induced 1 is responsible for a patient with Smith-Magenis syndrome exhibiting schizophrenia. ⁶²	Yu R...Fan LL	36334618	2023
6	Risk of dry eye in headache patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ⁶²	Liu S...Zhang L	36259538	2022
7	Headache at the chronic stage of cerebral venous thrombosis. ⁶²	Bossoni AS...Conforto AB	35899769	2022
8	Takayasu Arteritis with Isolated Headache and Neck Pain. ⁶²	Arain N...Ali J	36474387	2022
9	Headache characteristics among patients with epilepsy and the association with temporal encephaloceles. ⁶²	Graese P...Campbell Z	36406872	2022
10	Different reflections of the face mask: sleepiness, headache and psychological symptoms. ⁶²	Cigiloglu A...Ozturk ZA	34556012	2022
11	Headache with Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemia after Radiotherapy for Jugular Paraganglioma. ⁶²	Dawson B...Chan TLH	36453233	2022
12	Clinical characteristics and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women attending a third level reference center in Mexico City. ⁶²	Hernandez-Cruz RG...Martinez-Portilla RJ	33771080	2022
13	The Impact of Micro RNA-320a Serum Level on Severity of Symptoms and Cerebral Processing of Pain in Patients with Fibromyalgia. ⁶²	Hussein M...Elanwar R	35587745	2022
14	Basilar Artery Thrombosis in the Postpartum Period During COVID - 19 Pandemic: A Lethal But Avoidable Complication. ⁶²	Kaur M...Tiwari S	35470410	2022
15	Sex-related differences in cluster headache: A hospital-based study in Taiwan. ⁶²	Liaw YC...Wang SJ	36003003	2022
16	Guidelines of the International Headache Society for Controlled Clinical Trials in Cluster Headache. ⁶²	Schoenen J...IHS cluster headache trial guideline subcommittee	36268950	2022
17	Vasoconstriction and long-term headache in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. ⁶²	Kumar N...Lioutas VA	36471097	2022
18	Young patient with thunderclap headache, seizure activity, and fixed eye deviation. ⁶²	Bray K...Cortopassi J	36381480	2022
19	A new prediction model for giant cell arteritis in patients with new onset headache and/or visual loss. ⁶²	Moudrous W...J F Brekelmans G	36269009	2022
20	Acupuncture for menstrual migraine: a systematic review. ⁶²	Yang M...Lao L	32122964	2022
21	Vestibular Function and Clinical Presentation of Dizziness: Are They Similar in Patients With Different Types of Migraine? ⁶²	Faim AE...Carneiro CG	36198653	2022
22	Non-aura visual disturbance with high visual aura rating scale scores has stronger association with migraine chronification than typical aura. ⁶²	Tsao YC...Chen SP	36068697	2022
23	Rapid Onset and Sustained Efficacy of Lasmiditan Among Japanese Patients with Migraine: Prespecified Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial. ⁶²	Matsumori Y...Sakai F	36136232	2022
24	Effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®) for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine: A meta-analysis on 10 years of real-world data. ⁶²	Lanteri-Minet M...Dupont-Benjamin L	36081276	2022
25	Can calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody improve migraine and restless legs syndrome? ⁶²	Suzuki S...Hirata K	36306631	2022
26	Caffeine consumption as a risk factor for childhood and adolescence migraine. ⁶²	Hikita T...Ito K	36461769	2022
27	Effectiveness of eye movement exercise and diaphragmatic breathing with jogging in reducing migraine symptoms: A preliminary, randomized comparison trial. ⁶²	Rahimi MD...Fadardi JS	36454123	2022
28	Perceived barriers to career progression in the headache field: A global web-based cross-sectional survey. ⁶²	de Boer I...International Headache Society Women's Leadership Forum	36071614	2022
29	Sensitivity of the SNNOOP10 list in the high-risk secondary headache detection. ⁶²	Garcia-Azorin D...Martin-Sanchez FJ	36003002	2022
30	Headache related to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: baseline and 6-month follow-up. ⁶²	Dominguez-Moreno R...Cantu-Brito C	35716173	2022
31	Barriers to headache care in low- and middle-income countries. ⁶²	Mortel D...Saylor D	36212617	2022
32	The American Headache Society Met in Denver, June 9, 2022. ⁶²	Digre KB...Seay MD	36190934	2022
33	Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Headache Evaluations in the Pediatric Emergency Department. ⁶²	Cappellari AM...Bertolozzi G	36242889	2022
34	The Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Primary Stabbing Headache. ⁶²	Saygi S	36245416	2022
35	Headache in pregnancy: a brief practical guide. ⁶²	Phillips K...Wakerley B	36424161	2022
36	Woman With Fever, Headache, and Ataxia. ⁶²	Im DCS...Kaji AH	36403996	2022
37	Long-term adverse events of three COVID-19 vaccines as reported by vaccinated physicians and dentists, a study from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. ⁶²	Dar-Odeh N...Abu-Hammad S	35240939	2022
38	Chronic headaches related to post-dural puncture headaches: a scoping review. ⁶²	Zhang Q...Liu CW	36085093	2022
39	Characterizing Symptoms Before and Following Concussion in Professional Hockey. ⁶²	Bruce JM...Echemendia RJ	36315825	2022
40	Short- and Long-Term Self-Reported Symptoms in Adolescents Aged 12-19 Years after Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to Adolescents Not Vaccinated-A Danish Retrospective Cohort Study. ⁶²	Berg SK...Christensen AV	36366371	2022
41	Behavioral Health, Telemedicine, and Opportunities for Improving Access. ⁶²	Rogers DG...Grinberg AS	36418847	2022
42	Factors associated with the mental health status of isolated COVID-19 patients in Korea. ⁶²	Jung JH...Ko JY	35614013	2022
43	Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus. ⁶²	Sereda M...Hoare DJ	36383762	2022
44	The First Case Series From Japan of Primary Headache Patients Treated by Completely Online Telemedicine. ⁶²	Katsuki M	36475218	2022
45	The Addition of Diacutaneous Fibrolysis to a Pharmacological Intervention in Patients with Tension-Type Headache: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ⁶²	Cabanillas-Barea S...Carrasco-Uribarren A	36431193	2022
46	Ahead of the pain: Where we stand after a decade of growth in United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties-certified headache subspecialists. ⁶²	Kanegi SL...Rosen NL	36416481	2022
47	A Computerized Pharmacy Decision Support System (PDSS) for Headache Management: Observational Pilot Study. ⁶²	Perrot S...Cherkaoui A	36427228	2022
48	Reader Response: Relationship Between Headache Characteristics and a Remote History of TBI in Veterans: A 10-Year Retrospective Chart Review. ⁶²	Gupta VK	36376088	2022
49	Author Response: Reationship Between Headache Characteristics and a Remote History of TBI in Veterans: A 10-Year Retrospective Chart Review. ⁶²	Androulakis XM...Moore RD	36376091	2022
50	57-Year-Old Man With Headache, Vomiting, and Gait Instability. ⁶²	Zhong Q...DeSimone DC	36175182	2022

Sources

Genes for Headache

Genes related to Headache (4 elite genes):

(show all 32)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	BRCA2	BRCA2 DNA Repair Associated	Protein Coding	400	Pathogenic ⁵
2	CLCN1	Chloride Voltage-Gated Channel 1	Protein Coding	400	Pathogenic ⁵
3	FKRP	Fukutin Related Protein	Protein Coding	400	Pathogenic ⁵
4	NPC1	NPC Intracellular Cholesterol Transporter 1	Protein Coding	400	Pathogenic ⁵
5	CACNA1A	Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 A	Protein Coding	16.74	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
6	PTGS2	Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2	Protein Coding	16.4	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
7	EDNRA	Endothelin Receptor Type A	Protein Coding	16.37	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
8	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	15.89	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
9	CCK	Cholecystokinin	Protein Coding	15.84	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
10	CYP1A2	Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 2	Protein Coding	15.65	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
11	ABCB1	ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1	Protein Coding	15.46	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
12	CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8	Protein Coding	15.46	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
13	HLA-DQB1	Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DQ Beta 1	Protein Coding	15.46	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
14	IL2	Interleukin 2	Protein Coding	15.46	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
15	PPARA	Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Alpha	Protein Coding	15.46	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
16	MSX2	Msh Homeobox 2	Protein Coding	15.33	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
17	SCN1A	Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 1	Protein Coding	15.33	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
18	ATP1A2	ATPase Na+/K+ Transporting Subunit Alpha 2	Protein Coding	15.02	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
19	HTR4	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 4	Protein Coding	14.89	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
20	CALCA	Calcitonin Related Polypeptide Alpha	Protein Coding	8.64	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
21	HCRTR2	Hypocretin Receptor 2	Protein Coding	8.55	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
22	HTR3A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 3A	Protein Coding	8.17	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
23	SLC6A4	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4	Protein Coding	8.15	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
24	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	8.12	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
25	HTR2A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A	Protein Coding	8.03	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
26	LOC110806262	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4 Gene Promoter	Functional Element	8.03	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
27	PRL	Prolactin	Protein Coding	8.01	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
28	ADH4	Alcohol Dehydrogenase 4 (Class II), Pi Polypeptide	Protein Coding	7.99	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
29	BDNF	Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	7.96	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
30	NPY	Neuropeptide Y	Protein Coding	7.94	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
31	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	7.94	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
32	CLOCK	Clock Circadian Regulator	Protein Coding	7.9	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Headache

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Headache:

⁵

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	Position
1	NPC1	NM_000271.5(NPC1):c.1421C>T (p.Pro474Leu)	SNV	Pathogenic	374049	rs372445155	GRCh37: 18:21134854-21134854 GRCh38: 18:23554890-23554890
2	CLCN1	NM_000083.3(CLCN1):c.568_569delinsTC (p.Gly190Ser)	INDEL	Pathogenic	209139	rs797045032	GRCh37: 7:143018813-143018814 GRCh38: 7:143321720-143321721
3	NPC1	NM_000271.5(NPC1):c.3019C>G (p.Pro1007Ala)	SNV	Pathogenic	2966	rs80358257	GRCh37: 18:21118528-21118528 GRCh38: 18:23538564-23538564
4	FKRP	NM_024301.5(FKRP):c.826C>A (p.Leu276Ile)	SNV	Pathogenic	4221	rs28937900	GRCh37: 19:47259533-47259533 GRCh38: 19:46756276-46756276
5	BRCA2	NM_000059.4(BRCA2):c.4936_4939del (p.Glu1646fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	37935	rs80359473	GRCh37: 13:32913425-32913428 GRCh38: 13:32339288-32339291
6	WASHC5	NM_014846.4(WASHC5):c.1345C>A (p.Arg449=)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	361723	rs886062653	GRCh37: 8:126075827-126075827 GRCh38: 8:125063585-125063585
7	DYNC1H1	NM_001376.5(DYNC1H1):c.13298A>C (p.Asp4433Ala)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	523439	rs1555412625	GRCh37: 14:102514932-102514932 GRCh38: 14:102048595-102048595
8	ATP1A2	NM_000702.4(ATP1A2):c.963C>G (p.Phe321Leu)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	978554	rs1651629750	GRCh37: 1:160097556-160097556 GRCh38: 1:160127766-160127766
9	MT-ND6	NC_012920.1:m.14477A>G	SNV	Uncertain Significance	523306	rs1556424448	GRCh37: MT:14477-14477 GRCh38: MT:14477-14477

Sources

Expression for Headache

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Headache.

Sources

Pathways for Headache

Pathways related to Headache according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Nuclear receptors meta-pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways NRF2 pathway ⁷⁴	12.31	PTGS2 PPARA IL2 CYP1A2 ABCB1
2	Development Ligand-independent activation of ESR1 and ESR2 ²² Show member pathways Transcription CREB pathway ²² Transcription PPAR Pathway ²²	11.95	PTGS2 PPARA HTR4 CACNA1A
3	Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes ⁶¹ Show member pathways Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway ⁶¹	11.37	PTGS2 IL2 CXCL8
4	Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Immune response MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation ²²	11.13	PTGS2 IL2 CXCL8
5	Allograft rejection ⁷⁴	10.89	IL2 HLA-DQB1 CXCL8 ABCB1
6	Nuclear receptors in lipid metabolism and toxicity ⁷⁴	10.68	PPARA CYP1A2 ABCB1
7	Etoposide Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.65	PTGS2 ABCB1
8	Estrogen receptor pathway ⁷⁴	10.57	PPARA CYP1A2
9	COVID-19 adverse outcome pathway ⁷⁴	10.43	IL2 CXCL8
10	Aspirin and miRNAs ⁷⁴	10.4	PTGS2 PPARA

Sources

GO Terms for Headache

Biological processes related to Headache according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	GO:0007204	9.76	IL2 EDNRA CALCA CACNA1A
2	negative regulation of heart contraction	GO:0045822	9.56	IL2 ATP1A2
3	negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction	GO:0045986	9.26	PTGS2 CALCA
4	regulation of blood pressure	GO:0008217	9.17	PTGS2 EDNRA CALCA ATP1A2