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MCID: HLC007
MIFTS: 65

Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Categories: Gastrointestinal diseases, Genetic diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Helicobacter Pylori Infection:

Name: Helicobacter Pylori Infection 57 73
Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Susceptibility to 57 29 6 40
H. Pylori Infection, Susceptibility to 57 13
Helicobacter Pylori Infections 43
H. Pylori Infection 57

Characteristics:

OMIM:

57
Inheritance:
not determined


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

OMIM 57 600263
MedGen 42 C1838332
UMLS 73 C0850666
Sources

Summaries for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

About this section
MedlinePlus : 43 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that causes infection in the stomach. It is the main cause of peptic ulcers, and it can also cause gastritis and stomach cancer. About 30 to 40 percent of people in the United States get an H. pylori infection. Most people get it as a child. H. pylori usually does not cause symptoms. But it can break down the inner protective coating in some people's stomachs and cause inflammation. This can lead to gastritis or a peptic ulcer. Researchers aren't sure how H. pylori spreads. They think that it may spread by unclean food and water, or through contact with an infected person's saliva and other body fluids. A peptic ulcer causes a dull or burning pain in your stomach, especially when you have an empty stomach. It lasts for minutes to hours, and it may come and go for several days or weeks. It may also cause other symptoms, such as bloating, nausea, and weight loss. If you have the symptoms of a peptic ulcer, your health care provider will check to see whether you have H. pylori. There are blood, breath, and stool tests to check for H. pylori. In some cases, you may need an upper endoscopy, often with a biopsy. If you do have a peptic ulcer, the treatment is with a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medicines. You will need to be tested again after treatment to make sure the infection is gone. There is no vaccine for H. pylori. Since H. pylori might spread through unclean food and water, you might be able to prevent it if you Wash your hands after using the bathroom and before eating Eat properly prepared food Drink water from a clean, safe source NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

MalaCards based summary : Helicobacter Pylori Infection, also known as helicobacter pylori infection, susceptibility to, is related to gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease, and has symptoms including nausea and vomiting, constipation and fever. An important gene associated with Helicobacter Pylori Infection is IFNGR1 (Interferon Gamma Receptor 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signaling by GPCR and ERK Signaling. The drugs Dexlansoprazole and Amoxicillin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include testes, colon and kidney, and related phenotypes are helicobacter pylori infection and Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)

OMIM : 57 Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa of approximately 50% of the world's population, and is a primary pathogenic factor in benign and malignant gastroduodenal disease (Warren and Marshall, 1983; Blaser and Parsonnet, 1994). Tomb et al. (1997) reported the complete sequence of the circular genome of H. pylori. The 1,667,867-bp genome contains 1,590 predicted coding sequences (genes). Sequence analysis of these genes indicated that the organism has systems for motility, for scavenging iron, and for DNA restriction and modification. Its survival in acid conditions depends, in part, on its ability to establish a positive inside-membrane potential in low pH. (600263)

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Related Diseases for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

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Diseases related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 303)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 gastric cancer 32.1 CASP3 EGFR GAST IL1B JUN MET
2 peptic ulcer disease 31.5 CXCL8 CYP2C19 GAST IL1B S100A8
3 duodenal ulcer 31.4 CXCL8 CYP2C19 GAST IL1B S100A8
4 atrophic gastritis 31.4 CXCL8 GAST IL1B S100A8
5 gastritis 31.4 CXCL1 CXCL8 GAST IL1B MUC6 S100A8
6 esophagitis 31.3 CXCL8 CYP2C19 IL1B
7 gastric ulcer 31.2 CXCL8 CYP2C19 GAST IL1B
8 peptic esophagitis 31.2 CXCL8 CYP2C19 IL1B
9 gastroesophageal reflux 31.1 CXCL8 CYP2C19 GAST IL1B
10 gastrointestinal system disease 30.5 CASP3 CXCL8 EGFR GAST IL1B S100A8
11 gastric adenocarcinoma 30.2 CASP3 CXCL8 EGFR GAST IL1B JUN
12 idiopathic neutropenia 30.2 CASP3 CCL5 IL1B
13 stomach disease 29.6 CASP3 CXCL8 EGFR GAST IL1B MET
14 respiratory system disease 29.6 CASP3 CCL5 CXCL8 EGFR IL1B
15 rheumatoid arthritis 29.4 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8 IL1B JUN
16 inflammatory bowel disease 29.2 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8 IFNGR1 IL1B JUN
17 gastric cancer, hereditary diffuse 11.4
18 dyspepsia 10.8
19 adenocarcinoma 10.8
20 lymphoma 10.7
21 purpura 10.7
22 iron metabolism disease 10.6
23 thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune 10.6
24 lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid type 10.5
25 deficiency anemia 10.5
26 diabetes mellitus 10.5
27 liver disease 10.5
28 iron deficiency anemia 10.5
29 gastric lymphoma 10.5
30 asthma 10.4
31 nodal marginal zone lymphoma 10.4
32 fatty liver disease 10.4
33 celiac disease 1 10.4
34 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 10.4
35 arteries, anomalies of 10.4
36 coronary artery anomaly 10.4
37 hepatitis 10.3
38 heart disease 10.3
39 squamous cell carcinoma 10.3
40 multiple sclerosis 10.3
41 coronary heart disease 1 10.3
42 liver cirrhosis 10.3
43 open-angle glaucoma 10.3
44 lymphocytic gastritis 10.3
45 diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent 10.3
46 glaucoma, primary open angle 10.3
47 pernicious anemia 10.3
48 pancreatic cancer 10.3
49 gastroparesis 10.3
50 hepatic encephalopathy 10.3

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection:



Diseases related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

About this section

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

57
G I:
helicobacter pylori infection susceptibility


Clinical features from OMIM:

600263

Human phenotypes related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection:

32
# Description HPO Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 helicobacter pylori infection 32 HP:0005202

UMLS symptoms related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection:


nausea and vomiting, constipation, fever, abdominal pain, pruritus, diarrhea, icterus, dyspepsia, heartburn, gastrointestinal gas

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) GR00250-A-1 9.83 CASP3 CHUK CXCL8 IL1B JUN NFKB1
2 Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) GR00250-A-2 9.83 CASP3 CHUK CXCL8 IL1B JUN NFKB1

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection:

46 (show all 16)
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 immune system MP:0005387 10.31 ADAM10 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK EGFR GAST
2 cellular MP:0005384 10.29 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1 JUN
3 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 10.29 ADAM10 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1
4 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.27 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR GAST IFNGR1
5 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 10.26 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1 IL1B
6 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10.24 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR GAST IFNGR1
7 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 10.18 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR GAST IFNGR1
8 craniofacial MP:0005382 10.14 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IL1B MET
9 mortality/aging MP:0010768 10.13 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR GAST IFNGR1
10 embryo MP:0005380 10.11 ADAM10 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1 JUN MET
11 integument MP:0010771 10.1 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1 IL1B
12 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 9.91 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1 JUN MET NFKB1
13 nervous system MP:0003631 9.9 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1 IL1B
14 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.8 CHUK EGFR GAST IFNGR1 IL1B MET
15 respiratory system MP:0005388 9.56 CASP3 CHUK EGFR JUN MET NFKB1
16 skeleton MP:0005390 9.32 ADAM10 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1 IL1B
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

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Drugs for Helicobacter Pylori Infection (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 233)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Dexlansoprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 103577-45-3, 138530-94-6 9578005
2
Amoxicillin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 26787-78-0 33613
3
Acetylcysteine Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2 616-91-1 12035
4
Lansoprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 103577-45-3 3883
5
Clarithromycin Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 81103-11-9 84029
6
Metronidazole Approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable 443-48-1 4173
7
Guaifenesin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable 93-14-1 3516
8
Pantoprazole Approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable 102625-70-7 4679
9
Rabeprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 117976-89-3 5029
10
Omeprazole Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 73590-58-6 4594
11
Esomeprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable 161796-78-7, 119141-88-7 4594 9579578
12
Levofloxacin Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 100986-85-4 149096
13
Tinidazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 19387-91-8 5479
14
Tetracycline Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 60-54-8 5353990
15
Ofloxacin Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable 82419-36-1 4583
16
Tocopherol Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable 1406-66-2 14986
17
Iron Approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable 7439-89-6 23925
18
Bismuth Subsalicylate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 14882-18-9 53629521
19
Loperamide Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2 53179-11-6 3955
20
Potassium Citrate Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable
21
Coal tar Approved Phase 4 8007-45-2
22
Titanium dioxide Approved Phase 4 13463-67-7
23
Doxycycline Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3 564-25-0 54671203
24
Aspirin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3 50-78-2 2244
25
Pectin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 9000-69-5 441476
26
Azithromycin Approved Phase 4 83905-01-5 55185 447043
27
Vitamin C Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable 50-81-7 5785 54670067
28
Vitamin E Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable 59-02-9 14985
29
Citric Acid Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable 77-92-9 311
30
Coenzyme Q10 Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 4 303-98-0 5281915
31
Glycine Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4 56-40-6 750
32
Furazolidone Experimental, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable 67-45-8 5323714 3435
33 Tocotrienol Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable 6829-55-6
34
Sulforaphane Investigational Phase 4 142825-10-3, 4478-93-7 5350
35 Antidotes Phase 4
36 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
37 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
38 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
39 N-monoacetylcystine Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2
40 Respiratory System Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable
41 Protective Agents Phase 4,Phase 2
42 Antioxidants Phase 4
43 Expectorants Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable
44 Free Radical Scavengers Phase 4
45 Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
46 Antiviral Agents Phase 4
47 Antiprotozoal Agents Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable
48 Proton Pump Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
49 Antiparasitic Agents Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable
50 Anti-Ulcer Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 317)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Efficacy of Acetylcysteine-containing Triple Therapy in the First Line of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Unknown status NCT02249546 Phase 4 N-acetylcysteine + PPI-amoxicillin-clarithromycin;PPI-amoxicillin-clarithromycin
2 Comparison of the Eradications Rates of Sequential Therapy Versus Concomitant Therapy Unknown status NCT02108184 Phase 4 Sequential therapy 10 days;Sequential therapy 14 days;Concomitant therapy 10 days;Concomitant therapy 14 days
3 Rabeprazole Based Sequential-Concommitant Hybrid Therapies for H. Pylori Infections Unknown status NCT01566643 Phase 4 RA5-RACM7;RA3-RACM7;RA7-RACM7
4 Tailored Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori in Children Unknown status NCT02635191 Phase 4 Tailored Group;Standard group
5 14-day Quadruple Hybrid vs. Concomitant Therapies for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Unknown status NCT01464060 Phase 4 PPI, amoxicillin, metronidazole and clarithromycin;PPI, amoxicillin, metronidazole and clarithromycin
6 Optimal Duration of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) Guided Rescue Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection Unknown status NCT02934048 Phase 4
7 Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and the Safety of Eradication Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori in Functional Dyspepsia Unknown status NCT00990405 Phase 4 Lansoprzole+Amoxicillin+Clarithromycin
8 H. Pylori Eradication Using Pyklear in Adults in El Paso, Texas: a Pilot Study Unknown status NCT01335334 Phase 4 bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole,tetracycline hydrochloride and omeprazole
9 Food Effect on the Eradication Rate of H. Pylori With Triple Therapy With Esomeprazole Unknown status NCT02552641 Phase 4 Esomeprazole;Amoxicillin;Clarythromycin
10 Efficacy of 10-day Concomitant Regimen Versus High Dose Dual Therapy in Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Rescue Therapy Unknown status NCT01265069 Phase 4 high dose dual therapy;concomitant therapy
11 Community-based Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Unknown status NCT00155389 Phase 4 Helicobacter pylori eradication
12 Comparison of the Efficacy of Levofloxacin-based Sequential Therapy and Triple Therapy as Second Line Therapy Unknown status NCT01537055 Phase 4 levofloxacin-based sequential therapy;levofloxacin-based triple therapy for 10 days
13 Clarithromycin-based Triple Therapy for 14 Days Versus Sequential Therapy 10 Days in the First Line Therapy Unknown status NCT01607918 Phase 4 D1-D5: (lansoprazole + amoxicillin ) D6-D10: (lansoprazole+clarithromycin +metronidazole);D1-D14: (lansoprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin)
14 Increased Re-eradication Rate of Helicobacter Pylori by Adding N-acetylcystein or Metronidazole to the Triple Therapy Unknown status NCT01572597 Phase 4 10RAC+acetylcystein;10RAC+metronidazole
15 The Effect of Probiotics on Exacerbation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Exacerbation (Crohn's Disease) Unknown status NCT01765998 Phase 4 Probiotic;Placebo
16 Study Comparing Sequential and Concomitant Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication in Routine Clinical Practice Unknown status NCT01273441 Phase 4 PPI, amoxicillin, metronidazole and clarithromycin;PPI, amoxicillin, metronidazole and clarithromycin
17 Effect of Helicobacter Pylori on the Availability of Vitamin E and C Unknown status NCT00303160 Phase 4 vitamin C & E supplements
18 Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children With Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Completed NCT00467571 Phase 4 lansoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin
19 Concomitant, Sequential, and Standard Triple Therapy for H. Pylori Infection Completed NCT01769365 Phase 4 7-day quadruple therapy;10-day sequential therapy;7-day standard triple therapy
20 Intraluminal Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT03124420 Phase 4 Lansoprazole;Amoxicillin;Clarithromycin
21 Comparison of Dexlansoprazole-based Triple and Rabeprazole-based Triple Therapies for Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT02541786 Phase 4 dexlansoprazole based triple therapy;rabeprazole-based triple therapy
22 The Efficacy of Susceptibility Test -Driven Sequential Therapy as the Third Line Therapy for Refractory Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT01032655 Phase 4 susceptibility test guided sequential therapy
23 The Efficacy of Sequential Therapy as Second Line Therapy for Refractory Helicobacter Pylori Infection - A Pilot Study Completed NCT00885417 Phase 4 Cravit-based sequential therapy
24 Sequential and Hybrid Therapies for H Pylori Infection Completed NCT01085786 Phase 4 14-day sequential treatment;14-day hybrid treatment
25 15-day Sequential Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Korea Completed NCT01887249 Phase 4 Clarithromycin;metronidazole;esomeprazole
26 10-day Versus 14-day Concomitant PAMC as First-line Treatment Strategy for the Eradication of H. Pylori Infection Completed NCT02959255 Phase 4 Esomeprazole
27 Relation of Metabolic Rate of Omeprazole and Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT00854451 Phase 4 omeprazole plus amoxicillin;omeprazole plus amoxicillin;omeprazole plus amoxicillin;omeprazole plus amoxicillin
28 A Trial of Standard vs Half Dose Rabeprazole, Clarithromycin, Metronidazole and Amoxicillin in the Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT01219764 Phase 4 Rabeprazole, metronidazole, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin
29 Dual Therapy With High Doses of Ilaprazole and Amoxicillin for Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT02401477 Phase 4 Ilaprazole + Amoxicillin
30 Levofloxacin and Bismuth-containing Therapy Versus Quadruple Therapy as Second-line Treatment of Resistant Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT01742429 Phase 4 Proton pump inhibitor;Bismuth subsalicylate;Metronidazole;Tetracycline;Amoxicillin;Levofloxacin
31 High Dose Amoxicillin Versus Tetracycline as Second-line Treatment of Resistant Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT02175927 Phase 4 Lansoprazole;Bismuth Potassium Citrate;Metronidazole;Amoxicillin;Tetracycline
32 Comparison of Daily Single Dose Triple and Conventional Triple Therapies for Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT02711176 Phase 4 Nexium;Tinafas;Tavanex;Lanzol;Klacid;Iramox
33 Comparison of Sequential or Concomitant Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT00656968 Phase 4 10-day sequential treatment;10-day concomitant therapy
34 Efficacy and Safety of Ilaprazole Based Bismuth-containing Quadruple Regimen for the First-line Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT02835560 Phase 4 Ilaprazole antisecretory drug of each quadruple therapy the Ilaprazole -based quadruple therapy;Esoprazole antisecretory drug of each quadruple therapy Esoprazole-based quadruple therapy
35 Efficacy and Safety of Probiotic Treatment as a Supportive Therapy in Eradication of H. Pylori Completed NCT01969331 Phase 4
36 Tailored Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Rescue Treatment Completed NCT03413020 Phase 4 esomeprazole;bismuth Potassium Citrate;amoxicillin;clarithromycin;metronidazole;levofloxacin
37 Tailored Versus Empiric Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment Completed NCT02935010 Phase 4 Esomeprazole;Bismuth Potassium Citrate;Amoxicillin;Clarithromycin;Metronidazole;Levofloxacin
38 Clarithromycin Triple Therapy Plus Bismuth for Helicobacter Pylori First-line Treatment Completed NCT02732249 Phase 4 Esomeprazole;Bismuth Potassium Citrate;Clarithromycin;Metronidazole
39 13-C Urea Breath Test Using BreathID System and PPIs (Proton Pump Inhibitors) Completed NCT00825630 Phase 4 Lansoprazole (Lanton);Omeprezole (Losec);Pantoprazole(Controloc);Esomeprazole (Nexium)
40 Adding Bismuth to Rabeprazole-based First-line Triple Therapy Does Not Improve the Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori Completed NCT03108287 Phase 4 RAK therapy;RBAK therapy
41 RCT: Triple vs Sequential vs Concomitant Therapy H Pylori Completed NCT02092506 Phase 4 10 day triple therapy;10 day sequential therapy;10 day concomitant therapy
42 Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Rabeprazole in Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Adults. Completed NCT00216450 Phase 4 rabeprazole sodium
43 Efficacy of 10-day and 14-day Sequential Therapy Versus Triple Therapy on the Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori Completed NCT01042184 Phase 4 Sequential therapy for 14 days;Sequential therapy for 10 days;Triple therapy for 14 days
44 High Dose of Dual Therapy Plus Bismuth for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment Completed NCT03405584 Phase 4 Esomeprazole;Amoxicillin;Bismuth Potassium Citrate
45 Study of Levofloxacin-based Concomitant Therapy for H. Pylori Eradication in Diabetic Patients Completed NCT02466919 Phase 4 Pantoprazole;Amoxicillin;Metronidazole;Levofloxacin;Clarithromycin
46 Comparison Between Ten Days Sequential Treatment and Traditional Three Combined Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Completed NCT01573975 Phase 4 5RA-5RCM;5RA-5RCT;10RCA
47 Empirical Rescue Therapies of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Completed NCT01668927 Phase 4 Proton Pump Inhibitor;Bismuth;Metronidazole;Tetracycline;Furazolidone;Amoxicillin
48 Clarithromycin Resistant Tailored Therapy Completed NCT01453036 Phase 4
49 Effect of the CYP2C19 Polymorphism in Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Completed NCT03650543 Phase 4 amoxicillin clarithromycin omeprazole 1;amoxicillin clarithromycin omeprazole 2
50 POCone-UBiT-IR300 Pediatric Comparison Study Completed NCT01623154 Phase 4

Search NIH Clinical Center for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Sources

Genetic Tests for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

About this section

Genetic tests related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Susceptibility to 29 IFNGR1
Sources

Anatomical Context for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection:

41
Testes, Colon, Kidney, Liver, T Cells, Heart, Lung
Sources

Publications for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

About this section

Articles related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection:

(show top 50) (show all 2099)
# Title Authors Year
1
Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( 28889771 )
2019
2
Potential risk factors and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among adult patients with dyspepsia symptoms in Cameroon. ( 29907086 )
2018
3
Age and gender may be the key points in hyperglycemic patients with Helicobacter pylori infection combined colorectal adenoma-author's reply. ( 29644785 )
2018
4
Helicobacter Pylori infection of the gallbladder and the risk of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( 29266548 )
2018
5
Possible association between Helicobacter pylori infection and vocal fold leukoplakia. ( 29509297 )
2018
6
Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of developing preeclampsia: A meta-analysis of observational studies. ( 29388723 )
2018
7
Age and gender may be the key points in hyperglycemic patients with Helicobacter pylori infection combined colorectal adenoma. ( 29480547 )
2018
8
Correction: ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. ( 29895984 )
2018
9
Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Barrett's Esophagus: An Analysis of the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium. ( 29880962 )
2018
10
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and vulvar lichen sclerosus: a clinical comparative study. ( 29336317 )
2018
11
The role of T helper 1-cell response in Helicobacter pylori-infection. ( 29936093 )
2018
12
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection : AA short review. ( 29959527 )
2018
13
Up-regulated Th17 cell function is associated with increased peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori-infection. ( 29481961 )
2018
14
Helicobacter pylori infection reduces the risk of Barrett's esophagus: A meta-analysis and systematic review. ( 29938864 )
2018
15
Oral Capsaicin Test and Functional Dyspepsia: Any Consideration for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Concomitant Medications? ( 29887603 )
2018
16
Update on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Position paper from the Catalan Society of Digestology. ( 29426621 )
2018
17
T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. ( 29407232 )
2018
18
Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on periodontitis. ( 29932231 )
2018
19
Deep learning analyzes Helicobacter pylori infection by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy images. ( 29399610 )
2018
20
Efficacy of two different dosages of levofloxacin in curing Helicobacter pylori infection: A Prospective, Single-Center, randomized clinical trial. ( 29899426 )
2018
21
Influence of the Degree of Gastric Mucosal Atrophy on the Serum Lipid Levels Before and After the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection. ( 29877271 )
2018
22
Systematic review with meta-analysis: the worldwide prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. ( 29430669 )
2018
23
Helicobacter pylori infection increases sirt2 gene expression in gastric epithelial cells of gastritis patients. ( 29355701 )
2018
24
A Prospective, randomized study comparing 7-day and 14-day quadruple therapies as first-line treatments for helicobacter pylori infection in patients with functional dyspepsia. ( 29411724 )
2018
25
Feco-prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection among symptomatic patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. ( 29879914 )
2018
26
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with favorable outcome in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. ( 29355977 )
2018
27
Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with Toll-like receptor-4 Thr399Ile polymorphism increased the risk of peptic ulcer development in North of Iran. ( 29135054 )
2018
28
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Barrett's Esophagus-Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Sequence: Reply From Authors. ( 30333530 )
2018
29
Reply: Does Helicobacter pylori infection increase the risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma? ( 30251295 )
2018
30
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Barrett's Esophagus-Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Sequence. ( 30177783 )
2018
31
Accuracy of Endoscopic Diagnosis of Mild Atrophic Gastritis with Helicobacter pylori Infection. ( 30001615 )
2018
32
Plasma Helicobacter pylori Antibody Titers and Helicobacter pylori Infection Positivity Rates in Patients with Gallbladder Cancer or Cholelithiasis: a Hospital-Based Case-Control Study ( 30051672 )
2018
33
Protection Against Helicobacter pylori Infection in BALB/c Mouse Model by Oral Administration of Multivalent Epitope-Based Vaccine of Cholera Toxin B Subunit-HUUC. ( 29867978 )
2018
34
Potential Impact of Active Helicobacter pylori Infection with or without Concomitant Metabolic Syndrome on Colorectal Cancer Invasion and Mortality. ( 30430809 )
2018
35
Helicobacter pylori infection and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. ( 29983199 )
2018
36
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspeptic patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in South-West and South-South regions of Nigeria. ( 30293417 )
2018
37
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in upper gastrointestinal tract disorders (dyspepsia) patients visiting outpatient department of a hospital of North India. ( 30112312 )
2018
38
Helicobacter pylori infection does not protect against eosinophilic esophagitis: results from a large multicenter case-control study. ( 29545632 )
2018
39
The associations among Helicobacter pylori infection, white blood cell count and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a large Chinese population. ( 30431613 )
2018
40
Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Single-Center Clinical Study. ( 29527224 )
2018
41
Correlation Analysis between Helicobacter pylori Infection Status and Tumor Clinical Pathology as Well as Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients. ( 30524983 )
2018
42
MAEL Cancer-Testis Antigen as a Diagnostic Marker in Primary Stages of Gastric Cancer with Helicobacter pylori Infection. ( 30488287 )
2018
43
Association between Body Mass Index and Gastric Cancer Risk According to Effect Modification by Helicobacter pylori Infection. ( 30458609 )
2018
44
Interplay Between Helicobacter pylori Infection, Interleukin-11, and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Gastric Cancer Among Egyptian Patients. ( 30383471 )
2018
45
ceRNA network construction and comparison of gastric cancer with or without Helicobacter pylori infection. ( 30370523 )
2018
46
Status of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy in patients with gastric cancer: Analysis based on the Japan Endoscopy Database. ( 30315723 )
2018
47
Helicobacter pylori infection enhances heparanase leading to cell proliferation via mitogen‑activated protein kinase signalling in human gastric cancer cells. ( 30320396 )
2018
48
Physical Activity and Gastric Cancer Risk in Patients with and without Helicobacter pylori Infection in A Korean Population: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. ( 30279385 )
2018
49
The association of garlic with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( 30155945 )
2018
50
Long non‑coding RNA lnc‑GNAT1‑1 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion through the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway in Helicobacter pylori infection. ( 30132541 )
2018
Sources

Variations for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Helicobacter Pylori Infection:

6
# Gene Variation Type Significance SNP ID Assembly Location
1 IFNGR1 IFNGR1, -56C-T single nucleotide variant protective,risk factor
Sources

Expression for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Helicobacter Pylori Infection.
Sources

Pathways for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

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Pathways related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 163)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Signaling by GPCR 66
Show member pathways
 14.33 ADAM10 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8
2
ERK Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 14.01 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR
3
Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts 64
Show member pathways
 13.99 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IL1B JUN MET
4
Innate Immune System 66
Show member pathways
 13.95 ADAM10 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8
5
HIV Life Cycle 66
Show member pathways
 13.84 ADAM10 CHUK EGFR JUN MET MUC6
6
PEDF Induced Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 13.83 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR
7
TGF-Beta Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.7 CCL5 CHUK CXCL8 EGFR IFNGR1 IL1B
8
Akt Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 13.58 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR
9
Integrin Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.53 CASP3 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR JUN
10
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system 66
Show member pathways
 13.44 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR
11
IL-2 Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.37 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1 IL1B JUN NFKB1
12
PAK Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.25 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR
13
p70S6K Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 13.17 CHUK EGFR JUN MET NFKB1 PAK1
14
fMLP Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.17 CASP3 CHUK JUN MET NFKB1 NFKBIA
15
TNFR1 Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.13 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK EGFR JUN NFKB1
16
Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway 37 1
Show member pathways
 13.13 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 IFNGR1 IL1B
17
Development Angiotensin activation of ERK 22
Show member pathways
 13.1 CASP3 CHUK EGFR JUN MET NFKB1
18
CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages 64
Show member pathways
 13.07 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 JUN NFKB1
19
Allograft rejection 1 37
Show member pathways
 13.05 CASP3 CHUK CXCL8 IFNGR1 IL1B NFKB1
20
Endometrial cancer 37
Show member pathways
 13.04 CASP3 CHUK EGFR JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA
21
Pathways in cancer 37
13 CASP3 CHUK CXCL8 EGFR IFNGR1 JUN
22
MAPK signaling pathway 37 1
12.96 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IL1B JUN MET
23
RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways 66
Show member pathways
 12.93 CCL5 CHUK CXCL8 IL1B NFKB1 NFKBIA
24
Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling 1
Show member pathways
 12.92 CASP3 CHUK JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA
25
Human cytomegalovirus infection 37
Show member pathways
 12.92 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR
26
Development HGF signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.9 CASP3 JUN MET NFKB1 NFKBIA PAK1
27
Common Cytokine Receptor Gamma-Chain Family Signaling Pathways 65
Show member pathways
 12.89 CHUK JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA PTPN11
28
Ras signaling pathway 37
Show member pathways
 12.89 CHUK EGFR MET NFKB1 PAK1 PTPN11
29
Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR) 66
Show member pathways
 12.89 CHUK EGFR MET NFKB1 NFKBIA PTPN11
30
4-1BB Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 12.88 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IFNGR1 IL1B JUN
31
NF-KappaB Family Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 12.87 CHUK EGFR IL1B MET NFKB1 NFKBIA
32
Development Endothelin-1/EDNRA signaling 22
Show member pathways
 12.86 CASP3 CHUK EGFR IL1B JUN NFKB1
33
Influenza A 37
Show member pathways
 12.82 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL8 IFNGR1 IL1B
34
Immune response NFAT in immune response 22
Show member pathways
 12.8 CHUK IFNGR1 JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA PAK1
35
TRAF Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 12.8 CASP3 CHUK IL1B JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA
36
Th17 cell differentiation 37
Show member pathways
 12.78 CHUK IFNGR1 IL1B JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA
37
Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.77 CHUK CXCL1 EGFR IL1B NFKB1 NFKBIA
38
NF-kappaB Signaling 4
12.75 CCL5 CHUK IL1B NFKB1 NFKBIA NOD1
39
Development EGFR signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.73 CASP3 CHUK EGFR JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA
40
Immune response Fc epsilon RI pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.72 CHUK JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA PTPN11
41
ErbB signaling pathway 1 37
Show member pathways
 12.67 EGFR JUN MET NFKB1 PAK1 PTPN11
42
Immune response Role of DAP12 receptors in NK cells 22
Show member pathways
 12.66 CASP3 IFNGR1 JUN PAK1 PTPN11
43
Development FGFR signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.63 CHUK JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA PAK1 PTPN11
44
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling 66
Show member pathways
 12.63 CHUK IL1B MUC6 NFKB1 NFKBIA PAK1
45
T cell receptor signaling pathway 37
Show member pathways
 12.63 CHUK IL1B JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA PAK1
46
Prolactin Signaling Pathway 1 37
Show member pathways
 12.61 CASP3 CHUK IL1B JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA
47
VEGF Pathway (Qiagen) 22
Show member pathways
 12.6 CHUK EGFR GAST JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA
48
Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades 22
Show member pathways
 12.6 CHUK JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA PAK1 PTPN11
49
RANK Signaling in Osteoclasts 64
Show member pathways
 12.58 CHUK JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA PAK1
50
RhoGDI Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 12.56 CASP3 EGFR JUN MET PAK1
Sources

GO Terms for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

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Cellular components related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.65 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR GAST IL1B
2 I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex GO:0033256 8.62 NFKB1 NFKBIA
3 cytoplasm GO:0005737 10 ADAM10 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CYP2C19 EGFR

Biological processes related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 48)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of cell migration GO:0030335 9.95 ADAM10 CCL5 EGFR IL1B PAK1
2 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0071222 9.94 CXCL1 CXCL8 IL1B NFKB1
3 chemotaxis GO:0006935 9.93 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8 S100A8
4 MAPK cascade GO:0000165 9.93 CCL5 EGFR IL1B MET PAK1
5 response to organic cyclic compound GO:0014070 9.9 CASP3 EGFR IL1B JUN
6 Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway GO:0038095 9.88 CHUK JUN NFKB1 PAK1
7 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0006919 9.87 CASP3 NOD1 S100A8
8 liver development GO:0001889 9.86 EGFR JUN MET
9 cellular response to interleukin-1 GO:0071347 9.86 CCL5 CXCL8 NFKB1
10 positive regulation of cell growth GO:0030307 9.86 ADAM10 EGFR S100A8
11 response to organic substance GO:0010033 9.86 CASP3 CHUK JUN PAK1
12 positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 9.85 EGFR NFKBIA S100A8
13 chemokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0070098 9.85 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8
14 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051092 9.85 CHUK IL1B NFKB1 NOD1 S100A8
15 cellular response to organic cyclic compound GO:0071407 9.84 CASP3 CCL5 IL1B
16 positive regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032755 9.83 IL1B NOD1 PTPN11
17 cellular response to tumor necrosis factor GO:0071356 9.83 CCL5 CHUK CXCL8 NFKB1 NFKBIA
18 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048661 9.82 CCL5 EGFR JUN
19 positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling GO:1901224 9.82 EGFR IL1B NOD1
20 positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process GO:0043525 9.81 CASP3 IL1B JUN
21 cellular response to mechanical stimulus GO:0071260 9.81 EGFR IL1B NFKB1 PTPN11
22 wound healing GO:0042060 9.8 CASP3 EGFR IL1B PAK1 S100A8
23 response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0032496 9.8 CASP3 CHUK IL1B JUN NFKBIA S100A8
24 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 9.8 CASP3 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8 IFNGR1 IL1B
25 cellular response to cadmium ion GO:0071276 9.78 CHUK EGFR JUN
26 stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway GO:0002223 9.78 CHUK MUC6 NFKB1 PAK1
27 cellular response to reactive oxygen species GO:0034614 9.77 CHUK EGFR JUN
28 neutrophil chemotaxis GO:0030593 9.77 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8 IL1B S100A8
29 lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway GO:0031663 9.76 CCL5 IL1B NFKBIA
30 response to tumor necrosis factor GO:0034612 9.74 ADAM10 CASP3 CCL5
31 eyelid development in camera-type eye GO:0061029 9.7 EGFR JUN
32 negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0045744 9.7 CCL5 CXCL8
33 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374 9.7 CCL5 EGFR IL1B JUN MET NOD1
34 hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0048012 9.69 MET PAK1
35 negative regulation by host of viral transcription GO:0043922 9.69 CCL5 JUN
36 neutrophil activation GO:0042119 9.68 CCL5 CXCL8
37 response to muscle stretch GO:0035994 9.67 JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA
38 interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway GO:0070498 9.35 CHUK IL1B NFKB1 NFKBIA NOD1
39 inflammatory response GO:0006954 9.23 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 IL1B NFKB1
40 signal transduction GO:0007165 10.27 CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR GAST IFNGR1 IL1B
41 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 10.2 CHUK EGFR IL1B JUN MET NFKB1
42 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 10.1 ADAM10 EGFR IL1B JUN PAK1
43 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893 10.1 CHUK EGFR IL1B JUN NFKB1 NFKBIA
44 negative regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043066 10.09 CASP3 EGFR JUN MET NFKB1 NFKBIA
45 immune response GO:0006955 10.08 CCL5 CHUK CXCL1 CXCL8 IL1B
46 apoptotic process GO:0006915 10.07 CASP3 IL1B NFKB1 NFKBIA NOD1 PAK1
47 intracellular signal transduction GO:0035556 10.06 CASP3 CXCL1 CXCL8 EGFR NOD1
48 regulation of signaling receptor activity GO:0010469 10.06 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8 GAST IL1B

Molecular functions related to Helicobacter Pylori Infection according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 protein homodimerization activity GO:0042803 9.85 ADAM10 CCL5 CHUK JUN NFKB1 NOD1
2 protein kinase activity GO:0004672 9.8 CCL5 CHUK EGFR MET PAK1
3 cytokine activity GO:0005125 9.56 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8 IL1B
4 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity GO:0046934 9.5 EGFR MET PTPN11
5 identical protein binding GO:0042802 9.5 CCL5 EGFR JUN MET NFKB1 NFKBIA
6 chemokine activity GO:0008009 8.8 CCL5 CXCL1 CXCL8
7 protein binding GO:0005515 10.09 ADAM10 CASP3 CCL5 CHUK CXCL8 EGFR
Sources

Sources for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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