Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

GARD: ¹⁹ Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse reaction to the drug heparin resulting in an abnormally low amount of platelets (thrombocytopenia). HIT is usually an immune response which typically occurs 4-10 days after exposure to heparin. It can lead to serious complications. This condition occurs in up to 5% of those who are exposed to heparin. Characteristic signs of HIT are a drop in platelet count of greater than 50% and/or the formation of new blood clots during heparin therapy.

MalaCards based summary: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, also known as hit, is related to thrombophilia due to thrombin defect and vitamin k deficiency bleeding. An important gene associated with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia is PF4 (Platelet Factor 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Disease and Signal Transduction. The drugs Reviparin and Certoparin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include liver, heart and skin, and related phenotypes are hypercoagulability and autoimmune thrombocytopenia

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ A rare drug-induced, immune-mediated prothrombotic disorder associated with thrombocytopenia and venous and/or arterial thrombosis.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is the development of thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count),... more...

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Related Diseases for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Diseases related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 455)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	thrombophilia due to thrombin defect	31.6	PF4 F3 F2
2	vitamin k deficiency bleeding	31.2	F3 F2
3	antiphospholipid syndrome	31.0	PF4 F3 F2
4	compartment syndrome	30.6	F3 F2
5	thrombosis	30.6	PF4 ITGB3 ITGA2B F3 F2
6	mitral valve insufficiency	30.6	F3 F2
7	thrombophlebitis	30.6	F3 F2
8	stroke, ischemic	30.6	PF4 F3 F2
9	intermediate coronary syndrome	30.6	ITGA2B F3
10	thrombocytopenia	30.6	PF4 ITGB3 ITGA2B FCGR3A FCGR2A F3
11	covid-19	30.5	FCGR2A F3 F2
12	nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis	30.5	F3 F2
13	thrombocytosis	30.5	PF4 F3 F2
14	splenic infarction	30.4	F3 F2
15	portal vein thrombosis	30.4	PF4 F3 F2
16	peripheral vascular disease	30.4	PF4 F3 F2
17	thrombophilia	30.4	PF4 ITGB3 F3 F2
18	polycythemia	30.3	ITGB3 F3 F2
19	severe covid-19	30.3	FCGR3A F3 F2
20	cardiac tamponade	30.3	F3 F2
21	essential thrombocythemia	30.3	PF4 ITGB3 ITGA2B
22	factor xii deficiency	30.2	F3 F2
23	thrombophilia due to activated protein c resistance	30.2	F3 F2
24	sagittal sinus thrombosis	30.2	PF4 F3 F2
25	transient cerebral ischemia	30.2	F3 F2
26	factor viii deficiency	30.2	F3 F2
27	branch retinal artery occlusion	30.1	F3 F2
28	prothrombin deficiency	30.1	F3 F2
29	endocarditis	30.1	PF4 ITGB3 FCGR2A F2
30	coronary thrombosis	30.1	ITGB3 ITGA2B F3
31	volvulus of midgut	30.1	F3 F2
32	polycythemia vera	30.1	PF4 ITGB3 F3 F2
33	mitral valve stenosis	30.1	PF4 F3 F2
34	antithrombin iii deficiency	30.1	PF4 F3 F2
35	acalculous cholecystitis	30.1	F3 F2
36	chronic venous insufficiency	30.0	F3 F2
37	heart septal defect	30.0	F3 F2
38	anuria	30.0	F3 F2
39	papilledema	30.0	F3 F2
40	aortic valve insufficiency	30.0	F3 F2
41	cellulitis	30.0	F3 F2
42	protein s deficiency	30.0	F3 F2
43	acquired thrombocytopenia	29.9	ITGB3 ITGA2B F3
44	infective endocarditis	29.9	ITGA2B F3 F2
45	mitral valve disease	29.9	F3 F2
46	acute myocardial infarction	29.9	PF4 ITGA2B F3 F2
47	atrial fibrillation	29.8	PF4 F3 F2
48	qualitative platelet defect	29.7	ITGA2B F3 F2
49	carotid artery disease	29.7	ITGA2B F3
50	thrombocytopenia due to platelet alloimmunization	29.7	PF4 ITGB3 ITGA2B FCGR2A F3

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Human phenotypes related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

⁵⁸ ³⁰ (show all 15)

#	Description	HPO Frequency	Orphanet Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	hypercoagulability ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0100724
2	autoimmune thrombocytopenia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001973
3	thromboembolism ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001907
4	arterial thrombosis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0004420
5	deep venous thrombosis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002625
6	increased serum serotonin ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0003144
7	myocardial infarction ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001658
8	stroke ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001297
9	cerebral ischemia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002637
10	pulmonary embolism ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002204
11	increased inflammatory response ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0012649
12	disseminated intravascular coagulation ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0005521
13	mesenteric venous thrombosis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0030248
14	abnormal onset of bleeding ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Very rare (1%)	Very rare (<4-1%)	HP:0040231
15	venous thrombosis ⁵⁸		Frequent (79-30%)

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	9.5	F2 F3 FCGR2A FCGR3A ITGA2B ITGB3
2	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	9.17	F2 F3 FCGR2A FCGR3A ITGA2B ITGB3

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Drugs for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 23)

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Reviparin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

9041-08-1

2

Certoparin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

3

Desirudin

Approved

Phase 4

120993-53-5

16129703

4

Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight

Phase 4

5

Liver Extracts

Phase 4

6

bilirubin

Phase 4

635-65-4

5280352

Synonyms:

(4Z,15Z)-Bilirubin ixa

(Z,Z)-Bilirubin ixa

1,10,19,22,23,24-Hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionate

1,10,19,22,23,24-Hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-biline-8,12-dipropionate

1,10,19,22,23,24-Hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid

1,10,19,22,23,24-Hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-biline-8,12-dipropionic acid

2,17-Diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate

2,17-Diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid

2,7,13,17-Tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate

2,7,13,17-Tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid

3-(2-((3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-((3-methyl-5-oxo-4-vinyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-((4-methyl-5-oxo-3-vinyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propanoate

3-(2-((3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-((3-methyl-5-oxo-4-vinyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-((4-methyl-5-oxo-3-vinyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propanoic acid

3-(2-((3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-[(Z)-(3-methyl-5-oxo-4-vinyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-[(Z)-(4-methyl-5-oxo-3-vinyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene

3-[2-[[3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-5-[(3-ethenyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methyl]-5-[(4-ethenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propanoate

3-[2-[[3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-5-[(3-ethenyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methyl]-5-[(4-ethenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid

3-[2-[[3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-5-[(Z)-(3-ethenyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methyl]-5-[(Z)-(4-ethenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propanoate

3-[2-[[3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-5-[(Z)-(3-ethenyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methyl]-5-[(Z)-(4-ethenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid

8,12-Bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione

BILIRUBIN

Bilirubin IX alpha

Bilirubin ixalpha

Bilirubin IX-alpha

Bilirubin(Z,Z)

Bilirubin-ixalpha

Cholerythrin

Hematoidin

NSC-26685

7

Warfarin

Approved

Phase 3

81-81-2, 129-06-6

54678486

Synonyms:

(Phenyl-1 acetyl-2 ethyl) 3-hydroxy-4 coumarin

(Phenyl-1 acetyl-2 ethyl) 3-hydroxy-4 coumarine

(S)-4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2-benzopyrone

1-(4'-Hydroxy-3'-coumarinyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone

200 Coumarin

3-(1'-Phenyl-2'-acetylethyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin

3-(Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin

3-(alpha-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin

3-(alpha-Phenyl-beta-acetylaethyl)-4-hydroxycumarin

3-(alpha-Phenyl-beta-acetylethyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin

4-Hydroxy-3- (3-oxo-1-fenyl-butyl) cumarine

4-Hydroxy-3- (3-oxo-1-phenyl-butyl)-cumarin

4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-fenyl-butyl) cumarine

4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one

4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-chromen-2-one

4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)coumarin

4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenyl-butyl)-cumarin

4-Idrossi-3- (3-oxo-)-fenil-butil)-cumarine

4-Idrossi-3-(3-oxo-)-fenil-butil)-cumarine

4-Idrossi-3-(3-oxo-1-fenil-butil)-cumarine

4oh-Coumarin deriv.

aldo Brand OF warfarin sodium

Aldocumar

Antigen brand OF warfarin sodium

Apotex brand OF warfarin sodium

apo-Warfarin

Arab rat death

Arab rat deth

Athrombin

Athrombine-K

Athrombin-K

Bailly brand OF warfarin sodium

Boots brand OF warfarin sodium

Bristol-myers squibb brand OF warfarin sodium

Brumolin

Choice

Compound 42

CO-Rax

Coumadin

Coumadin Tabs

Coumadin®|Marevan®|panwarfin

Coumadine

Coumafen

Coumafene

Coumaphen

Coumaphene

Coumarins

Coumefene

Cov-R-tox

D-CON

delta-CON

Dethmor

Dethnel

Dicusat e

DL-3-(alpha-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin

Eastern states duocide

Estedi brand OF warfarin sodium

fasco Fascrat powder

Frass-ratron

Genpharm brand OF warfarin sodium

Gen-warfarin

Goldshield brand OF warfarin sodium

Jantoven

Killgerm sewarin P

Kumader

Kumadu

Kumatox

Kypfarin

Latka 42

Liqua-tox

Maag rattentod cum

Marevan

Mar-frin

Martin'S mar-frin

Maveran

Mouse pak

NSC-59813

PANWARFIN

Place-pax

Potassium, warfarin

Prothromadin

Rat & mice bait

Rat and mice bait

Rat-alpha-way

Rat-a-way

Rat-beta-gon

Rat-b-gon

Rat-gard

Rat-kill

Rat-mix

Rat-O-cide #2

Rat-O-cide no. 2

Rat-ola

Ratorex

Ratox

Ratoxin

Ratron

Ratron g

Rats-NO-more

Ratten-koederrohr

Rattenstreupulver neu schacht

Rattenstreupulver new schacht

Rattentraenke

Rat-trol

Rattunal

RAX

RCR Grey squirrel killer concentrate

Rodafarin

Rodafarin c

ro-Deth

Rodex

Rodex blox

Rosex

Rough & ready mouse mix

Rough and ready mouse mix

Sakarat

Sewarin

Sodium, warfarin

Sofarin

Solfarin

Sorexa plus

Spray-trol brand roden-trol

Tedicumar

Temus W

Tintorane

Tox-hid

Twin light rat away

Vampirinip II

Vampirinip III

Waran

Warf 42

Warfant

Warfarat

WARFARIN

Warfarin Plus

Warfarin potassium

Warfarin Q

Warfarin sodium

Warfarina

Warfarine

Warficide

Warfilone

Zoocoumarin

8

Danaparoid

Approved, Withdrawn

Phase 3

308068-55-5

9

Rivaroxaban

Approved

Phase 3

366789-02-8

9875401

10

Apixaban

Approved

Phase 2

503612-47-3

10182969

11

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 2

12

Calcium

Nutraceutical

Phase 2

7440-70-2

271

13

Immunologic Factors

Phase 1

14

Fibrin fragment D

15

Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products

16

Hemostatics

17

Immunoglobulins, Intravenous

18

Antibodies, Monoclonal

19

Ecarin

20

Platelet Factor 4

21

Immunoglobulins

22

Antibodies

23

Serotonin

Investigational, Nutraceutical

50-67-9

5202

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 38)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Randomized-Double Blind Trial to Assess the Incidence and Clinical Relevance of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) Antibodies in Trauma Patients Treated With Unfractionated or Low-Molecular Weight Heparin, the HIT-TRAP Trial	Unknown status	NCT00196417	Phase 4	Standard heparin (UFH) versus certoparin (LMWH)
2	Argatroban Versus Lepirudin in Critically Ill Patients - A Randomized Double-blind Trial	Terminated	NCT00798525	Phase 4	Argatroban;Lepirudin
3	A Comparative Clinical and Pharmacoeconomic Study Comparing Argatroban® IV vs Desirudin SC for Patients With Suspected Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)With or Without Thrombosis Syndrome (HIT/TS)	Terminated	NCT00787332	Phase 4	Desirudin or Argatroban®
4	Bivalirudin PCI Registry in HIT/HITTS Patients	Withdrawn	NCT00759083	Phase 4	bivalirudin
5	Fondaparinux in Patients With Acute Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia	Withdrawn	NCT00603824	Phase 4	fondaparinux;argatroban or lepirudin
6	Multi-Center Single Arm Trial to Determine The Effectiveness of Warfarin Therapy Duration For Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)	Unknown status	NCT03147638	Phase 3	Warfarin, NOAC
7	Open-Label Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Use of Argatroban in Patients With Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia	Completed	NCT00198588	Phase 3	argatroban
8	Anticoagulant Therapy With Bivalirudin in the Performance of PCI in Patients With Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia	Completed	NCT00043940	Phase 3	bivalirudin
9	Open-Label, Randomised, Active Controlled, Multi-Centre Ph 3 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Danaparoid vs Argatroban in Acute HIT	Terminated	NCT03809481	Phase 3	Danaparoid Sodium;Argatroban
10	Rivaroxaban for Treatment of Patients With Suspected or Confirmed Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia	Terminated	NCT01598168	Phase 3	Rivaroxaban
11	An Open-label, Multi-centre, Clinical Study to Collect Information on the Clinical Use of Argatroban in Patients With Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) Type II Who Require Parenteral Antithrombotic Therapy	Completed	NCT00861692	Phase 2	argatroban
12	A Blind-adjudication Multi-center Phase II Randomized Clinical Trial of Continuous Low-dose Intravenous Heparin Therapy in Coiled Low-grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients With Significant Hemorrhage Burden	Suspended	NCT02501434	Phase 2	Continuous Low-Dose IV Unfractionated Heparin Infusion
13	A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban in the Treatment of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)	Terminated	NCT03594045	Phase 2	Apixaban
14	A Phase II Trial Using Fondaparinux in Patients With Confirmed or Suspected Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)	Terminated	NCT00673439	Phase 2	fondaparinux;warfarin
15	A Pilot Dose-finding and Pharmacokinetic Study of Fondaparinux in Children With Deep Vein Thrombosis or Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia	Completed	NCT00412464	Phase 1	Fondaparinux
16	Improving the Diagnosis of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Utility of the 4T's Score and Evaluation of New Rapid Assays	Completed	NCT00489437	Phase 1
17	A Phase I, Open-Label, Randomized, Three-Period, Three-Sequence Crossover Study of the Effects of Co-administration of Intravenous VLX-1005 With Argatroban on Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety in Healthy Adult Subjects	Recruiting	NCT05325346	Phase 1	VLX-1005;Argatroban
18	A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study to Determine the Prevalence and Profile of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention	Unknown status	NCT00198575
19	Prospectively Validating the 4Ts and Chong Score for Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia	Unknown status	NCT00946400
20	Thrombotic Biomarkers to Predict Thrombosis in Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia	Unknown status	NCT03269019
21	Generation of HIT-antibodies Without Prior Heparin Exposure Following Orthopedic Surgery (Subgroup Study) (Change of Coagulation Parameters Under Exposition With New Anticoagulants [Title of the Main Study])	Unknown status	NCT01102790
22	Study to Compare the Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Rates Associated With Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin Usage as Well as Evaluate the Economic and Long-Term Clinical Burden of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia.	Completed	NCT00456001
23	Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia : Development and Validation of a Predictive Clinical Score: a Prospective Multicenter Study Under the Auspices of the French Haemostasis and Thrombosis Study Group (GEHT)in Cooperation With the French Association of Regional PharmacoVigilance Center (AFCRPV)	Completed	NCT00748839
24	Evaluation of Automated Immunoassay, Particle Gel Immunoassay and Pretest Scoring Systems (4Ts and HEP Scores) in the Diagnosis of Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia in Surgical Critically Ill Patients	Completed	NCT02790567
25	A 3 Year Retrospective Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Registry (HIT) at Brigham and Women's Hospital.	Completed	NCT00456326
26	Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT II) in Liver Transplant Recipients: a Prospective Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors and Haemostaseological Findings	Completed	NCT01654848
27	Immunogenetics of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Aim 2	Completed	NCT02526485
28	Heparin Antibodies in Intensive Care Unit Patients (HAICU)	Completed	NCT00283322
29	Prognosis Related to Induced Thrombopenia With Heparin Under Venoarterial ECMO in Reanimation	Completed	NCT03979625
30	Systematische Dokumentation Von Patienten Mit Akutem HIT-Verdacht	Completed	NCT01304238		lepirudin;danaparoid;argatroban;fondaparinux
31	Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia - Retrospective Analysis of Data on Incidence and Outcomes Study (HIT-RADIO Study)	Completed	NCT01178333
32	Effect of an Electronic Medical Record Tool on the Documentation and Management of Newly Suspected Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia	Completed	NCT05439265
33	Argatroban Monitoring in Critically Ill Patients: Evaluation of a Novel Ecarin-based Bedside Test	Recruiting	NCT04751357
34	Pharmacogenomics of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia	Recruiting	NCT02717039
35	Optimizing the Diagnosis of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Using Quantified Anti-Platelet Factor 4 Immunological Testing: A Pilot Multicentre Cohort Study	Recruiting	NCT03148912
36	Multicenter Study on Dialysis Modalities for End-stage Chronic Renal Failure Patients With Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia	Not yet recruiting	NCT05586854
37	Evaluation of the Intra-observer Agreement of the HEP Score in Surgical Intensive Care.	Not yet recruiting	NCT04782843
38	PLATELET Function Assay With Flow Imaging on ImageSTREAM Cytometer	Not yet recruiting	NCT04842760

Search NIH Clinical Center for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

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Genetic Tests for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Sources

Anatomical Context for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Organs/tissues related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

MalaCards : Liver, Heart, Skin, Whole Blood, Lung, Neutrophil, Endothelial

Sources

Publications for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Articles related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

(show top 50) (show all 4349)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	A machine-learning model for reducing misdiagnosis in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A prospective, multicenter, observational study. ⁶²	Nilius H...Nagler M	36457646	2023
2	Corrigendum to "A multicentre assessment of contemporary laboratory assays for heparin induced thrombocytopenia" [Pathology (53) (2021) 247-256]. ⁶²	Favaloro EJ...Brighton T	36414382	2022
3	Deciphering clinical abbreviations with a privacy protecting machine learning system. ⁶²	Rajkomar A...Gottweis J	36460656	2022
4	Regional citrate versus heparin anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ⁶²	Li R...Zhang P	35385216	2022
5	A journey through anticoagulant therapies in the treatment of left ventricular thrombus in post-COVID-19 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a case report. ⁶²	Lazaro-Garcia A...Llamas-Sillero P	35231200	2022
6	COVID-19: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Danish FI...Koul SS	36030503	2022
7	Laboratory Testing for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Antibodies: A Narrative Review. ⁶²	Warkentin TE...Greinacher A	36455619	2022
8	Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia presenting as a mimic of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a hemodialysis patient receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. ⁶²	Lin YL...Liu JH	35820808	2022
9	Delayed-Type Heparin Allergy: Intravenous Tolerance Despite Inflammatory Skin Reaction After Subcutaneous Injection. ⁶²	Trautmann A...Stoevesandt J	35788063	2022
10	Anticoagulation with nafamostat mesilate during extracorporeal life support. ⁶²	Lang Y...Li T	35850387	2022
11	The use of andexanet alfa and 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in intracranial hemorrhage. ⁶²	Oh ES...Silverman ME	36463661	2022
12	Potential mechanisms of vaccine-induced thrombosis. ⁶²	Marietta M...Luppi M	35953336	2022
13	Minimal role for the alternative pathway in complement activation by HIT immune complexes. ⁶²	Barnes AP...Arepally GM	35996342	2022
14	Quantitative interpretation of PF4/heparin-EIA optical densities in predicting platelet-activating VITT antibodies. ⁶²	Schonborn L...Greinacher A	36006172	2022
15	Variable serotonin release assay pattern and specificity of PF4-specific antibodies in HIT, and clinical relevance. ⁶²	Rollin J...Vayne C	35971886	2022
16	Early-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia after cardiac surgery: Should we lose sleep? ⁶²	Pishko A...Cuker A	36271465	2022
17	High-frequency Contactless Sensor for the Detection of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibodies via Platelet Aggregation. ⁶²	Khan NZ...Nguyen TH	36430873	2022
18	Skin changes in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Mishra R...Ahmed A	35995872	2022
19	Application of a clinical decision rule and laboratory assays in pediatrics: Adult heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Cohen O...Levy-Mendelovich S	35997577	2022
20	Temporal presentations of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia following cardiac surgery: A single-center, retrospective cohort study. ⁶²	Warkentin TE...Whitlock RP	35869817	2022
21	The impact of temporary mechanical circulatory support strategies on thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Dwaah H...Kawabori M	36434833	2022
22	Bivalirudin and Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Treatment of Massive Pulmonary Embolism From Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia With Thrombosis. ⁶²	Kawaji Q...Cha SL	36470755	2022
23	Evaluation of the use of direct oral anticoagulants for the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Albuloushi A...Connors JM	36129561	2022
24	An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Pilot Intervention Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Farasatinasab M...Nasiripour S	35656855	2022
25	Combinations of rapid immunoassays for a speedy diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Rittener-Ruff L...Alberio L	35808841	2022
26	Delayed Onset Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Presenting as Fever of Unknown Origin. ⁶²	Karan A...Reddy P	35671785	2022
27	Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients- a Diagnostic Dilemma. ⁶²	Singh S...Kotwal J	36320593	2022
28	Double-Negative (PF4-Negative/SRA-Negative) Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Starke SJ...Tuhy T	36252705	2022
29	Recent Myocardial Infarction and Acute Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report on Perioperative Management of a Patient for Acute Limb Vascular Surgery. ⁶²	Nogueira S...Teles AR	36447732	2022
30	Breast cancer cell-based ELISA: a potential material for better detection of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies. ⁶²	Chen LY...Nguyen TH	36069407	2022
31	Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia in Patients Receiving Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support With an Impella Device. ⁶²	Houry EA...Van Tuyl JS	36248319	2022
32	High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism During Labor: JACC Patient Care Pathways. ⁶²	Poor H...Fuster V	36265527	2022
33	Outcomes of systemic bivalirudin and sodium bicarbonate purge solution for Impella 5.5. ⁶²	Bashline M...Rivosecchi RM	36271639	2022
34	A Multidisciplinary Educational Approach to Anticoagulation Management for a Percutaneous Endovascular Mechanical Circulatory Support Device. ⁶²	Lee PH...Sylvia LM	35094528	2022
35	Covid19 vaccination-associated portal vein thrombosis-An interdisciplinary clinical challenge. ⁶²	Bogovic N...Bitterer F	35504460	2022
36	Retrospective review COVID-19 vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia and cerebral venous thrombosis-what can we learn from the immune response. ⁶²	Franceschi AM...Kirsch C	35926315	2022
37	Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia following Shiga-toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a case report. ⁶²	Rigamonti E...Cippa P	36273193	2022
38	Fatal intracerebral haemorrhage associated with thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after ChAdOx1-S vaccine. ⁶²	Gomez-Roldos A...Gil-Nunez A	36169326	2022
39	Anti-platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies in patients with Hantaan virus infection. ⁶²	Wang M...Zhang Y	36246479	2022
40	Thrombocytopenia: Evaluation and Management. ⁶²	Gauer RL...Whitaker DJ	36126009	2022
41	The potential impact of Covid-19 on the capacity of routine laboratory tests to detect heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Draxler DF...Rovo A	36163073	2022
42	Thrombosis after SARS-CoV2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination: will a nonpathologic anti-PF4 antibody be a solution?-A narrative review. ⁶²	Rao E...Zhang H	36212029	2022
43	Ischemic Stroke Due to Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia during Severe COVID-19 Infection. ⁶²	Murakami Y...Mochizuki H	35793954	2022
44	Synthesis of a Systematic 64-Membered Heparan Sulfate Tetrasaccharide Library. ⁶²	Baryal KN...Huang X	36173931	2022
45	Comparison of Screening Scores for Heparin- Induced Thrombocytopenia After Cardiopulmonary Bypass. ⁶²	Cutler NS...Marchant BE	35729026	2022
46	Association of trauma severity with antibody seroconversion in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A multicenter, prospective, observational study. ⁶²	Fujita M...Kushimoto S	35271548	2022
47	Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Using Plasmapharesis in Patients Undergoing HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device. ⁶²	Naqvi SY...Thomas S	34967780	2022
48	Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient with Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Successfully Treated by Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Using a Direct Thrombin Inhibitor. ⁶²	Sakai T...Tsuchihashi T	35185059	2022
49	Hospitalized patients are needlessly over-tested for heparin induced thrombocytopenia. ⁶²	Grewal US...Mills GM	35422372	2022
50	When Will Fondaparinux Induce Thrombocytopenia? ⁶²	Chen LY...Nguyen TH	35878320	2022

Sources

Genes for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Genes related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	PF4	Platelet Factor 4	Protein Coding	18.95	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
2	F3	Coagulation Factor III, Tissue Factor	Protein Coding	18.4	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
3	FCGR2A	Fc Gamma Receptor IIa	Protein Coding	17.69	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
4	F2	Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin	Protein Coding	17.19	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
5	FCGR3A	Fc Gamma Receptor IIIa	Protein Coding	16.77	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
6	ITGA2B	Integrin Subunit Alpha 2b	Protein Coding	16.77	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)
7	ITGB3	Integrin Subunit Beta 3	Protein Coding	16.77	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Sources

Expression for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia.

Sources

Pathways for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Pathways related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 18)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Disease ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Infectious disease ⁶⁶	13.41	ITGB3 ITGA2B FCGR3A FCGR2A F2
2	Signal Transduction ⁶⁶	13.38	PF4 ITGB3 ITGA2B F3 F2
3	Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Disinhibition of SNARE formation ⁶⁶ Hemostasis ⁶⁶ Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation ⁶⁶ Platelet degranulation ⁶⁶	12.83	PF4 ITGB3 ITGA2B F3 F2
4	Development Angiotensin activation of ERK ²² Show member pathways Cell adhesion Integrin inside-out signaling ²² Development ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK ²² Development Angiotensin signaling via PYK2 ²² Development EDNRB signaling ²² Development EPO-induced MAPK pathway ²² Development G-Proteins mediated regulation MARK-ERK signaling ²² Signal transduction IP3 signaling ²²	12.49	ITGB3 ITGA2B F2
5	Defects of contact activation system (CAS) and kallikrein/kinin system (KKS) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Blood clotting cascade ⁷⁴ Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Common Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation ⁶⁶ Complement and coagulation cascades ⁷⁴ Defective F8 binding to von Willebrand factor ⁶⁶ Defective F8 cleavage by thrombin ⁶⁶ Defective F8 sulfation at Y1699 ⁶⁶ Defective F9 activation ⁶⁶ Defective F9 secretion ⁶⁶ Defective factor IX causes hemophilia B ⁶⁶ Defective factor VIII causes hemophilia A ⁶⁶ Defective factor XII causes hereditary angioedema ⁶⁶ Defective gamma-carboxylation of F9 ⁶⁶ Diseases of hemostasis ⁶⁶ Extrinsic Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation ⁶⁶ Extrinsic Prothrombin Activation Pathway ⁶⁴ Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) ⁶⁶ Intrinsic Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation ⁶⁶ Thrombin/protease-activated receptor (PAR) pathway ⁶¹	12.17	PF4 F3 F2
6	Complement cascade ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Activation of C3 and C5 ⁶⁶ Classical Complement Pathway ⁶⁴ Complement Pathway ⁶⁴ Complement system ⁷⁴ Complement system in neuronal development and plasticity ⁷⁴ Lectin Induced Complement Pathway ⁶⁴ Regulation of Complement cascade ⁶⁶	12.11	ITGB3 ITGA2B FCGR3A F2
7	Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Fibronectin matrix formation ⁶⁶ PECAM1 interactions ⁶⁶ Tie2 Signaling ⁶⁶	11.87	PF4 ITGB3 F2
8	Integrin family cell surface interactions ⁶¹ Show member pathways Phagocytosis of Microbes ⁶⁴ Plexin-D1 Signaling ⁶¹	11.74	FCGR2A ITGA2B ITGB3
9	Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	11.64	ITGB3 ITGA2B FCGR2A
10	Integrin signaling ⁶⁶ Show member pathways GRB2:SOS provides linkage to MAPK signaling for Integrins ⁶⁶ p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins ⁶⁶ Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation) ⁶⁶	11.48	ITGB3 ITGA2B F2
11	Beta3 integrin cell surface interactions ⁶¹	11.14	ITGB3 ITGA2B
12	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	11.04	ITGB3 ITGA2B F2
13	Arf6 signaling events ⁶¹	11.03	ITGB3 ITGA2B
14	Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis ⁶⁶	10.91	FCGR3A FCGR2A
15	Signal transduction by L1 ⁶⁶	10.82	ITGB3 ITGA2B
16	Signaling events mediated by PTP1B ⁶¹	10.79	ITGB3 ITGA2B FCGR2A
17	Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Pathway, Adverse Drug Reaction ⁶⁰	10.74	PF4 ITGB3 ITGA2B FCGR3A FCGR2A F3
18	Ephrin B reverse signaling ⁶¹	10.73	ITGB3 ITGA2B

Sources

GO Terms for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Cellular components related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	integrin complex	GO:0008305	9.46	ITGB3 ITGA2B
2	external side of plasma membrane	GO:0009897	9.28	ITGB3 ITGA2B FCGR3A F3 F2
3	platelet alpha granule membrane	GO:0031092	9.26	ITGB3 ITGA2B

Biological processes related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	blood coagulation	GO:0007596	9.43	ITGB3 F3 F2
2	hemostasis	GO:0007599	9.16	F3 F2
3	platelet activation	GO:0030168	9.1	PF4 ITGB3 F2

Molecular functions related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular matrix binding	GO:0050840	9.26	ITGB3 ITGA2B
2	IgG binding	GO:0019864	8.92	FCGR3A FCGR2A

Sources

Sources for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

HAT MCID: HPR003 MIFTS: 49	Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HAT) Categories: Blood diseases, Immune diseases, Rare diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HAT)

Aliases & Classifications for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

MalaCards integrated aliases for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

Characteristics:

Age Of Onset:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Related Diseases for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Diseases related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Human phenotypes related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Drugs for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Genetic Tests for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Anatomical Context for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Organs/tissues related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

Publications for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Articles related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

Genes for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Genes related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (0 elite genes):

Variations for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Expression for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Pathways for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Pathways related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

GO Terms for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Cellular components related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia