Hepatic Encephalopathy disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: HPT019 MIFTS: 60	Hepatic Encephalopathy Categories: Liver diseases, Mental diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Hepatic Encephalopathy

MalaCards integrated aliases for Hepatic Encephalopathy:

Name: Hepatic Encephalopathy ¹² ⁷⁶ ⁵³ ³⁷ ⁵⁵ ¹⁵ ⁷³

Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy ¹²

Encephalopathy, Hepatic ⁵³

Hepatoencephalopathy ⁵³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Liver diseases Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³³

Diseases of the digestive system

Diseases of liver

Hepatic failure, not elsewhere classified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:13413

ICD10 ³³ K72

ICD9CM ³⁵ 572.2

MeSH ⁴⁴ D006501

NCIt ⁵⁰ C79596

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 13920009

KEGG ³⁷ H01506

UMLS ⁷³ C0019151

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Summaries for Hepatic Encephalopathy

NIH Rare Diseases : ⁵³ Hepatic encephalopathy is a syndrome observed in some patients with cirrhosis. It is defined as a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with liver dysfunction, when other known brain disease has been excluded. Signs and symptoms may be debilitating, and they can begin mildly and gradually, or occur suddenly and severely. They may include personality or mood changes, intellectual impairment, abnormal movements, a depressed level of consciousness, and other symptoms. There are several theories regarding the exact cause, but development of the condition is probably at least partially due to the effect of substances that are toxic to nerve tissue (neurotoxic), which are typically present with liver damage and/or liver disease. Treatment depends upon the severity of mental status changes and upon the certainty of the diagnosis.

MalaCards based summary : Hepatic Encephalopathy, also known as portal-systemic encephalopathy, is related to hepatic coma and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. An important gene associated with Hepatic Encephalopathy is TSPO (Translocator Protein), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Circadian entrainment and Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway. The drugs Metformin and Lactulose have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include liver, brain and testes, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and homeostasis/metabolism

Disease Ontology : ¹² A brain disease that is characterized by loss of brain function, the occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma that results when the liver is unable to remove toxins from the blood.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is an altered level of consciousness as a result of liver failure. Onset may... more...

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Related Diseases for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Diseases related to Hepatic Encephalopathy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 225)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hepatic coma	32.5	ALB F2 GPT TSPO
2	alcoholic liver cirrhosis	32.4	ALB F2 SLC17A5
3	liver cirrhosis	32.1	ALB F2 GPT SLC17A5
4	alcoholic hepatitis	31.5	ALB F2 GPT IL6 SLC17A5 TNF
5	acute liver failure	31.4	ALB F2 GC GPT SLC17A5 TSPO
6	schistosomiasis	30.4	ALB F2 TNF
7	infantile liver failure syndrome 1	30.3	ALB F2 GPT SLC17A5
8	hepatitis	30.1	F2 GPT SLC17A5 TNF
9	portal hypertension	30.1	ALB F2 GPT TNF
10	brain edema	30.1	ALB GLUL IL6 SLC1A2 SLC25A13
11	peritonitis	30.1	ALB F2 IL6 TNF
12	wilson disease	29.9	ALB F2 GPT
13	meningitis	29.8	ALB IL6 TNF
14	liver disease	29.7	ALB F2 GPT IL6 SLC17A5 SLC25A13
15	hepatitis b	29.6	ALB F2 GPT SLC17A5 TNF
16	viral infectious disease	29.4	GPT IL6 TNF
17	viral hepatitis	29.1	ALB F2 GPT SLC17A5 TNF
18	schizophrenia	29.0	MAOA MAOB NOS1 SLC1A2 TSPO
19	infections, recurrent, with encephalopathy, hepatic dysfunction, and cardiovascular malformations	12.5
20	combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1	11.9
21	congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt	11.3
22	encephalopathy	11.2
23	3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency	11.1
24	hepatic veno-occlusive disease	11.0
25	hepatorenal syndrome	11.0
26	carnitine palmitoyltransferase i deficiency , muscle	11.0
27	antipyrine metabolism	10.3	ALB F2
28	non-a-e hepatitis	10.3	ALB F2
29	leukomalacia	10.3	IL6 TNF
30	epstein-barr virus hepatitis	10.3	ALB F2
31	scorpion envenomation	10.3	IL6 TNF
32	fournier gangrene	10.2	ALB F2
33	angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia	10.2	IL6 TNF
34	critical limb ischemia	10.2	IL6 TNF
35	abdominal tuberculosis	10.2	ALB F2
36	streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome	10.2	IL6 TNF
37	sudden sensorineural hearing loss	10.2	F2 IL6
38	juvenile ankylosing spondylitis	10.2	IL6 TNF
39	cardiogenic shock	10.2	IL6 TNF
40	marburg hemorrhagic fever	10.2	F2 TNF
41	null-cell leukemia	10.2	IL6 TNF
42	retinitis pigmentosa 55	10.2	IL6 TNF
43	anca-associated vasculitis	10.2	IL6 TNF
44	atypical depressive disorder	10.2	MAOA MAOB
45	glossitis	10.2	IL6 TNF
46	chronic graft versus host disease	10.2	ALB TNF
47	laryngitis	10.2	IL6 TNF
48	hypersensitivity reaction type iii disease	10.2	ALB IL6 TNF
49	keratoconjunctivitis sicca	10.2	ALB IL6 TNF
50	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome	10.2	ALB IL6 TNF

Comorbidity relations with Hepatic Encephalopathy via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 26)

Acquired Thrombocytopenia	Active Peptic Ulcer Disease
Acute Cystitis	Acute Kidney Failure
Alcohol Abuse	Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis	Chronic Kidney Failure
Decubitus Ulcer	Deficiency Anemia
Encephalopathy	Esophageal Varix
Heart Disease	Hepatitis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma	Hepatorenal Syndrome
Hypersplenism	Liver Disease
Neutropenia	Portal Hypertension
Portal Vein Thrombosis	Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Protein-Energy Malnutrition	Respiratory Failure
Schizophreniform Disorder	Urea Cycle Disorder

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Hepatic Encephalopathy

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.18	F2 GLS GLUL IL6 MAOA MAOB
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.13	ALB F2 GC GLUL IL6 MAOA
3	cellular	MP:0005384	10.02	ALB GLUL IL6 MAOB NOS1 SLC17A5
4	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.9	ALB F2 GLS GLUL IL6 NOS1
5	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	9.8	ALB GLUL IL6 NOS1 SLC25A13 TNF
6	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.65	F2 GLUL IL6 MAOA MAOB NOS1
7	normal	MP:0002873	9.17	ALB F2 GLS GLUL NOS1 SLC1A2

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Drugs for Hepatic Encephalopathy (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 282)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Metformin

Approved

Phase 4

657-24-9

14219 4091

Lactulose

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

4618-18-2

11333

Propofol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

2078-54-8

4943

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4,Not Applicable

59467-70-8

4192

Rifaximin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

80621-81-4

6436173

Magnesium oxide

Approved

Phase 4

1309-48-4

14792

Simvastatin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

79902-63-9

54454

Nadolol

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

42200-33-9

39147

Carvedilol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

72956-09-3

2585

Propranolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

525-66-6

4946

Entecavir

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

142217-69-4

153941

Norfloxacin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

70458-96-7

4539

Insulin Aspart

Approved

Phase 4

116094-23-6

16132418

Midodrine

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable

133163-28-7, 42794-76-3

4195

Ciprofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

85721-33-1

2764

Diphenhydramine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

147-24-0, 58-73-1

3100

Promethazine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

60-87-7

4927

Histamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

51-45-6, 75614-87-8

774

Buprenorphine

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

52485-79-7

40400 644073

Naloxone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

465-65-6

5284596

Mannitol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

69-65-8

453 6251

Terlipressin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

14636-12-5

72081

Lypressin

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

50-57-7

Tolvaptan

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

150683-30-0

216237

Tranexamic Acid

Approved

Phase 4

1197-18-8

5526

chenodeoxycholic acid

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

474-25-9

10133

Ornithine

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

3184-13-2, 70-26-8

6262

Vitamin A

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

11103-57-4, 68-26-8

445354

Tenofovir

Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

147127-20-6

464205

Hypoglycemic Agents

Phase 4

Liver Extracts

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Aspartic Acid

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

N-Methylaspartate

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Excitatory Amino Acids

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

GABA Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Anti-Anxiety Agents

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anesthetics

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anesthetics, General

Phase 4,Not Applicable

GABA Modulators

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Tranquilizing Agents

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

rifamycin SV

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 305)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Metformin Experience on Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy	Unknown status	NCT02470546	Phase 4	Metformin;Placebo
2	Primary Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Cirrhosis	Unknown status	NCT01175538	Phase 4	Lactulose;Lactulose
3	Secondary Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis	Unknown status	NCT01178372	Phase 4	Lactulose;Probiotics(VSL#3)
4	Efficacy of Combined Oral L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate and Lactulose in Patients With Hepatic Encephalopathy	Unknown status	NCT00740142	Phase 4	L-ornithine-L-aspartate and lactulose;placebo and lactulose
5	Trial Comparing Sedation for Endoscopy With Propofol Versus Midazolam in Cirrhotics	Unknown status	NCT01356121	Phase 4	Propofol;Midazolam
6	Therapeutic Efficacy of Oral L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate on Minimal Encephalopathy	Unknown status	NCT00896831	Phase 4	L-ornithine-L-aspartate;placebo
7	Rifaximin Versus Lactulose in Renal Failure	Unknown status	NCT00748904	Phase 4	Rifaximin;Lactulose
8	Magnesium in Liver Cirrhosis	Unknown status	NCT01894867	Phase 4
9	Study About Simvastatin in Portal Hypertension in Compensated Cirrhosis	Unknown status	NCT01282398	Phase 4	Simvastatin;placebo
10	Assessment of Coagulation Abnormalities in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Patients Using Thromboelastography	Unknown status	NCT02757170	Phase 4
11	Hemodynamic Effect of Simvastatin With Beta Blockers in Clinical Portal Hypertension	Unknown status	NCT01282385	Phase 4	Simvastatin;placebo
12	The Effect of Carvedilol VS Endoscopic Therapy in Primary Prophylaxis of High-risk Esophageal Gastric Variceal Bleeding	Unknown status	NCT02695732	Phase 4	Carvedilol
13	The Effect of Carvedilol Vs Propranolol in Cirrhotic Patients With Variceal Bleeding	Unknown status	NCT02385422	Phase 4	Carvedilol;Propranolol
14	The Effect of Branched-chain Amino Acid on the Improvement of Serum Albumin Level in Cirrhotic Patients With Ascites	Unknown status	NCT02755701	Phase 4	Branched-chain Amino Acid;Placebo
15	Lactulose, L-ornithine L-aspartate, or Rifaximin Versus Placebo for Preventing Hepatic Encephalopathy in Variceal Bleeding	Completed	NCT02158182	Phase 4	Lactulose;L-ornithine L-aspartate;Rifaximin;Placebo
16	Post Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (Tips) Albumine Infusion to Prevent Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT01559519	Phase 4	Albumin
17	Effects of Proteins in Patients With Cirrhosis and Prior Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT00955500	Phase 4
18	Brain Muscle Axis During Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy With L-ornithine L-aspartate	Completed	NCT01847651	Phase 4	LOLA or placebo
19	Efficacy of L-Ornithine L-Aspartate in Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy.	Completed	NCT01041755	Phase 4	L-ornithine-L-aspartate;Lactose
20	Effect of Lactulose on Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy and Health-Related Quality of Life	Completed	NCT00375375	Phase 4	Lactulose
21	L-ornithine L-aspartate in Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT01722578	Phase 4	L-ornithine L-aspartate;Placebo
22	Randomised Controlled Trial of Mechanistic Effects of Rifaximin in Cirrhosis and Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT02019784	Phase 4	Rifaximin-α;Placebo Oral Tablet
23	Efficacy of Albumin for Acute Encephalopathy in Patients With Cirrhosis	Completed	NCT00886925	Phase 4	Albumin;Sodium chloride 0.9%
24	The Safety/Efficacy Of Rifaximin With/Without Lactulose In Subjects With A History Of Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT01842581	Phase 4	Rifaximin;Rifaximin and Lactulose
25	Branched Chain Aminoacid Supplementation in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis	Completed	NCT02023229	Phase 4
26	Effect of Midodrine and Albumine in the Prevention of Complications in Cirrhotic Patients Awaiting Liver Transplantation	Completed	NCT00839358	Phase 4	albumin;Midodrine;Placebo
27	Study on B-blockers to Prevent Decompensation of Cirrhosis With HTPortal	Completed	NCT01059396	Phase 4	propranolol;carvedilol;placebo
28	Ramelteon for Treatment of Insomnia in Cirrhosis	Completed	NCT03091738	Phase 4	Ramelteon Pill
29	Optimized Treatment and Regression of HBV-induced Compensated Liver Cirrhosis	Completed	NCT01943617	Phase 4	Entecavir;Thymosin-α
30	Norfloxacin Versus Ciprofloxacin for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) Prevention	Completed	NCT01542801	Phase 4	Norfloxacin;ciprofloxacin
31	Effects on Plasma Exchange on Functional Capacity of Serum Albumin, Circulatory Dysfunction, Renal and Cerebral Function in Cirrhotic Patients With "Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure"	Completed	NCT01201720	Phase 4
32	Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Suboxone Study in Hepatic Impaired Subjects	Completed	NCT01846455	Phase 4	2.0mg Buprenorphine/0.5mg Naloxone;Promethazine
33	Efficacy, Safety, And Pharmacokinetics Of Rifaximin In Subjects With Severe Hepatic Impairment And Hepatic Encephalopathy	Recruiting	NCT01846663	Phase 4	Placebo;Rifaximin
34	PEG (Polyethylene Glycol)Versus Lactulose For Treatment Of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy	Recruiting	NCT03100513	Phase 4	Lactulose;Polyethylene Glycol
35	Albumin Infusion Effects in Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy	Recruiting	NCT02401490	Phase 4	Human albumin;Placebo
36	Efficacity and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Cirrhotic Patients Presenting With Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding	Recruiting	NCT03023189	Phase 4	Tranexamic acid;Placebo
37	Phase 4 Study of Obeticholic Acid Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis	Recruiting	NCT02308111	Phase 4	Obeticholic Acid (OCA);Placebo
38	Effect of Entecavir Treatment on Regression and Disease Outcome in HBV-induced Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Patients	Recruiting	NCT02849132	Phase 4	Entecavir
39	Rifaximin Reduces the Complications of Decompensated Cirrhosis: a Randomized Controlled Trial	Recruiting	NCT02190357	Phase 4	Rifaximin
40	Study of OCA Evaluating Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Patients With PBC and Hepatic Impairment	Recruiting	NCT03633227	Phase 4	Obeticholic Acid (OCA);Placebo
41	Sarcopenia Improves the Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength of Patients With Liver Cirrhosis-Child C	Recruiting	NCT03633279	Phase 4	Branched chain amino acid;Placebo
42	Efficacy of Terlipressin Therapy in Acute Variceal Haemorrhage After EVL	Recruiting	NCT03584087	Phase 4	Normal Saline;Terlipressin
43	Low-dose Rifaximin in the Treatment of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy	Not yet recruiting	NCT03077217	Phase 4	Rifaximin
44	Prompt Or Watchful Monitoring for Hepatitis B Virus Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Without Elevated viRal Load	Not yet recruiting	NCT02308319	Phase 4	Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
45	Beta-blockers for Oesophageal Varices	Not yet recruiting	NCT03776955	Phase 4	Carvedilol
46	Quality of Life and Nutritional Improvements in Cirrhotic Patients	Terminated	NCT01842113	Phase 4	Rifaximin;Lactulose;Lactulose Placebo;Rifaximin Placebo
47	Tolvaptan to Reduce Length of Stay in Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis and Hyponatremia	Terminated	NCT01890694	Phase 4	Tolvaptan;Placebo
48	Effect of Intrathoracic Pressure Regulation on Traumatic Brain Injury	Terminated	NCT01824589	Phase 4
49	Impact of an Antibiotic (Rifaximin) on Liver Scarring in HIV-Infected Patients With Liver Disease	Withdrawn	NCT01654939	Phase 4	Rifaximin
50	ETOS: Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Childhood and Young Adult: epidemiOlogical Study and Pilot Interventional Study	Unknown status	NCT01798329	Phase 3

Search NIH Clinical Center for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷³ / NDF-RT ⁵¹ :

kanamycin sulfate

lactulose

neomycin so4 pwdr

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Genetic Tests for Hepatic Encephalopathy

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Anatomical Context for Hepatic Encephalopathy

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

⁴¹

Liver, Brain, Testes, Cortex, Eye, Kidney, Small Intestine

Sources

Publications for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Articles related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

(show top 50) (show all 1539)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Disrupted Brain Intrinsic Networks and Executive Dysfunction in Cirrhotic Patients without Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 29422882 )	Yang Z.T....Lin H.	2018
2	Comparison of prognostic systems in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy ( 29914250 )	TaA9 A....Kara B.	2018
3	Effect of probiotic treatment on cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A meta-analysis. ( 29428113 )	Cao Q....Li L.J.	2018
4	Is Lactulose Plus Rifaximin Better than Lactulose Alone in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy? ( 29394969 )	Butt N.I....Siddiqui A.M.	2018
5	Covert hepatic encephalopathy leads to distinct alterations in the emotional state, independently of MELD-Score. ( 29341039 )	Greinert R....Zipprich A.	2018
6	Patient Acceptance of Lactulose Varies Between Indian and American Cohorts: Implications for Comparing and Designing Global Hepatic Encephalopathy Trials. ( 29892171 )	Rathi S....Bajaj J.S.	2018
7	Baicalin reverses the impairment of synaptogenesis induced by dopamine burden via the stimulation of GABA<sub>A</sub>R-TrkB interaction in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. ( 29404643 )	Ding S....Zhuge Q.	2018
8	Effect of sirolimus on liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy of common bile duct-ligated rats. ( 29444470 )	Wu K.C....Lee S.D.	2018
9	Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy After Elective Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: Risk Factors and Outcomes with Revision. ( 29872892 )	Rowley M.W....Seetharam A.B.	2018
10	Aberrant Brain Bile Acid Signaling and Cholesterol Accumulation: A New Look at Mechanisms in Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 29928680 )	Jayakumar A.R....Norenberg M.D.	2018
11	Identification of modules of hepatic encephalopathy based on protein-protein network and gene expression data. ( 29849776 )	Wu H....Zhuang J.	2018
12	CT Scan Is Still a Valuable Tool to Assess Hepatic Encephalopathy Pathophysiology in Both Acute and Chronic Liver Diseases. ( 29912129 )	Weiss N....Thabut D.	2018
13	Hepatic encephalopathy: causes and health-related burden. ( 29411993 )	Clayton M.	2018
14	Neuroinflammation in acute hepatic encephalopathy rats: imaging and therapeutic effectiveness evaluation using <sup>11</sup>C-PK11195 and <sup>18</sup>F-DPA-714 micro-positron emission tomography. ( 29968208 )	Luo S....Yang G.F.	2018
15	Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Cirrhosis of Liver. ( 29892178 )	Bale A....Shetty A.	2018
16	Correction to: Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy and Pharmacoeconomic Impact of Rifaximin. ( 29856063 )	Neff G....Zachry W.	2018
17	Multimodal MR imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: state of the art. ( 29374342 )	Zhang X.D....Zhang L.J.	2018
18	Myosteatosis and sarcopenia are associated with hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. ( 29881992 )	Bhanji R.A....Montano-Loza A.J.	2018
19	Prediction of Hepatic Encephalopathy: Why disregard well known risk factors? ( 29377250 )	Ridola L....Riggio O.	2018
20	Stroop Test Validation to Screen for Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Pediatric Extrahepatic Portal Venous Obstruction. ( 29373442 )	Suresh M.V....Senthilkumar G.P.	2018
21	Impact of intestinal mannitol on hyperammonemia, oxidative stress and severity of hepatic encephalopathy in the ED. ( 29352675 )	Montes-CortAcs D.H....Cruz-DomA-nguez M.P.	2018
22	Hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in intensive care unit. ( 29624025 )	Scarpati G....Piazza O.	2018
23	Improving Quality of Care for People with Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 29411992 )	Aspinall R.J.	2018
24	Duration of the acute hepatic encephalopathy episode determines survival in cirrhotic patients. ( 29383024 )		2018
25	Re: Prediction of Hepatic Encephalopathy: why disregard well known risk factors? ( 29365345 )		2018
26	Conservative management of severe serotonin syndrome with coma, myoclonus, and crossed-extensor reflex complicated by hepatic encephalopathy. ( 29686575 )		2018
27	FXR-Mediated Cortical Cholesterol Accumulation Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Type A Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 29928671 )		2018
28	Aberrant topological organization of the functional brain network associated with prior overt hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients. ( 29846883 )		2018
29	Direct comparison of the thioacetamide and azoxymethane models of Type A hepatic encephalopathy in mice. ( 29895352 )		2018
30	Efficacy of different drugs in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A network meta-analysis involving 826 patients based on 10 randomized controlled trials. ( 29932239 )		2018
31	Effect of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Cognitive Function and Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy Diagnosis in Cirrhotic Veterans. ( 29313245 )		2018
32	EDITORIAL that refers to article 'Treating hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients admitted to ICU with sodium phenylbutyrate: a preliminary study'. ( 29430750 )		2018
33	Diagnosis and management of hepatic encephalopathy. ( 29411990 )		2018
34	Rifaximin versus metronidazole in management of acute episode of hepatic encephalopathy: An open labeled randomized clinical trial. ( 29935863 )		2018
35	Coil-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (CARTO): An Alternative Treatment Option for Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 29899437 )		2018
36	Prospective evaluation of the impact of covert hepatic encephalopathy on quality of life and sleep in cirrhotic patients. ( 29863286 )		2018
37	Effects of Alcohol on the Brain in Cirrhosis: Beyond Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 29417604 )		2018
38	Combining amplicon sequencing and metabolomics in cirrhotic patients highlights distinctive microbiota features involved in bacterial translocation, systemic inflammation and hepatic encephalopathy. ( 29844325 )		2018
39	Osmotic Shifts, Cerebral Edema, and Neurologic Deterioration in Severe Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 29341965 )		2018
40	Acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy in exertional heat stroke. ( 30061127 )	Aquilina A...Aquilina A	2018
41	Hepatic encephalopathy: Another brick in the wall. ( 30414737 )	Weiss N...Thabut D	2018
42	Impaired Tactile Temporal Discrimination in Patients With Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 30425672 )	Lazar M...Lange J	2018
43	Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients in Lviv (Ukraine). ( 30425951 )	Djiambou-Nganjeu H	2018
44	Neuroprotective Effect of Nortriptyline in Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy Through Attenuation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. ( 30428281 )	Jeong JH...Han SY	2018
45	Long-Term Effect of Rifaximin with and without Lactulose on the Active Bacterial Assemblages in the Proximal Small Bowel and Faeces in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 30428474 )	Schulz C...Malfertheiner P	2018
46	Clinical Predictors for Poor Quality of Life in Patients With Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 30439761 )	Labenz C...W?rns MA	2018
47	A Mean Field Model of Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy. ( 30440882 )	Song J...Westover MB	2018
48	Establishment and evaluation of a model for predicting 3-month mortality in Chinese patients with hepatic encephalopathy. ( 30443767 )	Cui Y...Sun H	2018
49	Long-term management of hepatic encephalopathy with lactulose and/or rifaximin: a review of the evidence. ( 30444745 )	Hudson M...Schuchmann M	2018
50	Preliminary experience with single fecal microbiota transplant for treatment of recurrent overt hepatic encephalopathy-A case series. ( 30474827 )	Mehta R...Parekh K	2018

Sources

Genes for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Genes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy (0 elite genes):

(show all 15)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	TSPO	Translocator Protein	Protein Coding	34.41	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8276347 11687160 15106178 (more) 2172467 2161396 16550382 19256153 7675964 10733008 2156301 1963266 2155867 1660022 1849322 7480556 9286429 1966504 9586854 1649262 19082698 16382352 9695999 7748297 10471200 9252134 8045517 1975325 10564534 1674609 10716686 2158481
2	F2	Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin	Protein Coding	34.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15861019 14571795 2371517 (more) 8014445 11155156 12639207 18005577 18941414 9724481 12194694 12203078 15626058 16313729 18928750 19719920 20193566 8055222 12143047 12677269 1955717 18234637 19223890 9213319 16200238 16248942 18695350 19119242 19785957 16556417 16201463 15621091 12811678 2237274 18344887 9764985 9721797 8672739 7644764 1995265 2014530 1376483 8423913 7861629 12950957 14564632 15985009 16534681 16941171 19636178 10654972
3	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	33.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19175915 17975845 14571795 (more) 11208483 11155156 11490371 10916286 19719920 12677269 9448179 20373079 18773287 14678008 8672739 18666248 12220298 9504517 19785957 19119242 16556417 17203088 16201463 18234637 17464150 12143047 16215883 19663083 16123966 18941414
4	SLC25A13	Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 13	Protein Coding	29.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	20118603
5	GLUL	Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase	Protein Coding	28.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10564534 12020613
6	GC	GC, Vitamin D Binding Protein	Protein Coding	26.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11521994 19232164
7	GLS	Glutaminase	Protein Coding	26.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15246207 16382342
8	MAOA	Monoamine Oxidase A	Protein Coding	26.57	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8242348
9	GPT	Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase	Protein Coding	26.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15861019 18234637 19267864 (more) 15621091 8423913
10	NOS1	Nitric Oxide Synthase 1	Protein Coding	24.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9804363
11	SLC17A5	Solute Carrier Family 17 Member 5	Protein Coding	23.38	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19636178 18234637 7787967 (more) 15621091 9647038 2014530
12	MAOB	Monoamine Oxidase B	Protein Coding	22.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10564534 8242348
13	SLC1A2	Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 2	Protein Coding	22.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	22.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	22.01	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Sources

Expression for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Genes differentially expressed in tissues of Hepatic Encephalopathy patients vs. healthy controls: ³⁵

#	Gene	Description	Tissue	Up/Dn	Fold Change (log2)	P value
1	PSPH	phosphoserine phosphatase	Brain	-	4.35	0.000

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Sources

Pathways for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Pathways related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 19)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Circadian entrainment ³⁷ Show member pathways Cholinergic synapse ³⁷ Dopaminergic synapse ³⁷ Estrogen signaling pathway ³⁷ Glutamatergic synapse ³⁷ Relaxin receptors ⁶⁶ Relaxin signaling pathway ³⁷ Synaptic Neurotransmission Pathways: Glutamatergic Excitation ⁶⁵	12.67	GLS GLUL MAOA MAOB NOS1 SLC1A2
2	Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling ¹ Angiopoietin-TIE2 Signaling ⁶⁴ Development Angiopoietin - Tie2 signaling ²² Development PDGF signaling via STATs and NF-kB ²² IL23-mediated signaling events ¹ Immune response IL-10 signaling pathway ²² Rac1/Pak1/p38/MMP-2 pathway ¹	12.36	F2 IL6 NOS1 TNF
3	Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ Show member pathways Folate Metabolism ¹ Metabolism of ingested MeSeO2H into MeSeH ⁶⁶ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	12.04	ALB F2 IL6 TNF
4	Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Overview ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Activation ⁶⁵	11.84	F2 IL6 TNF
5	Spinal Cord Injury ¹	11.81	IL6 NOS1 TNF
6	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ¹ ³⁷ Show member pathways Pathogenesis of ALS ⁶⁴	11.78	NOS1 SLC1A2 TNF
7	Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling ⁶⁶	11.77	IL6 MAOA TNF
8	Amino Acid metabolism ¹	11.59	GLS GLUL MAOA
9	Arginine and proline metabolism ³⁷ Show member pathways 4-hydroxyproline degradation ¹ Agmatine biosynthesis ⁶⁶ putrescine biosynthesis II ¹	11.3	MAOA MAOB NOS1
10	Monoamine Transport ¹ Show member pathways Serotonin Transporter Activity ¹	11.07	MAOA NOS1 TNF
11	Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways asparagine biosynthesis ¹ Serine biosynthesis ⁶⁶	10.94	GLS GLUL GPT
12	Transcription factor regulation in adipogenesis ¹	10.93	IL6 TNF
13	Overview of nanoparticle effects ¹	10.85	IL6 TNF
14	noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation ¹ Show member pathways Biogenic amines are oxidatively deaminated to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB ⁶⁶ dopamine degradation ¹ melatonin degradation II ¹	10.69	MAOA MAOB
15	Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism ³⁷	10.68	GLS GLUL GPT
16	Dopamine metabolism ¹	10.64	MAOA MAOB
17	putrescine degradation III ¹ Show member pathways 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate degradation ¹	10.59	MAOA MAOB
18	Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Neurotransmitter uptake and Metabolism In Glial Cells ⁶⁶	10.34	GLUL SLC1A2
19	Arginine biosynthesis ³⁷ Show member pathways citrulline-nitric oxide cycle ¹	10.34	GLS GLUL GPT NOS1

Sources

GO Terms for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Cellular components related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mitochondrion	GO:0005739	9.17	GLS GLUL MAOA MAOB NOS1 SLC25A13
2	blood microparticle	GO:0072562	9.13	ALB F2 GC

Biological processes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	anion transport	GO:0006820	9.48	SLC17A5 TSPO
2	positive regulation of chemokine production	GO:0032722	9.46	IL6 TNF
3	glutamate secretion	GO:0014047	9.43	GLS SLC1A2
4	L-glutamate transmembrane transport	GO:0015813	9.4	SLC1A2 SLC25A13
5	neurotransmitter catabolic process	GO:0042135	9.37	MAOA MAOB
6	negative regulation of lipid storage	GO:0010888	9.32	IL6 TNF
7	dopamine catabolic process	GO:0042420	9.26	MAOA MAOB
8	positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	GO:0150078	9.16	IL6 TNF
9	cellular amino acid biosynthetic process	GO:0008652	9.13	GLS GLUL GPT
10	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	GO:0060252	8.8	IL6 TNF TSPO

Molecular functions related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity	GO:0005313	8.96	SLC1A2 SLC25A13
2	primary amine oxidase activity	GO:0008131	8.62	MAOA MAOB

Sources

Sources for Hepatic Encephalopathy

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Aliases & Classifications for Hepatic Encephalopathy

MalaCards integrated aliases for Hepatic Encephalopathy:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Related Diseases for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Diseases related to Hepatic Encephalopathy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Comorbidity relations with Hepatic Encephalopathy via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 26)

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Hepatic Encephalopathy

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Drugs for Hepatic Encephalopathy (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 73 / NDF-RT 51 :

Genetic Tests for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Anatomical Context for Hepatic Encephalopathy

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

Publications for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Articles related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

Genes for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Genes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy (0 elite genes):

Variations for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Expression for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Pathways for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Pathways related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

GO Terms for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Cellular components related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷³ / NDF-RT ⁵¹ :