Hepatic Encephalopathy disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: HPT019 MIFTS: 59	Hepatic Encephalopathy Categories: Gastrointestinal diseases, Liver diseases, Mental diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Aliases & Classifications for Hepatic Encephalopathy

MalaCards integrated aliases for Hepatic Encephalopathy:

Name: Hepatic Encephalopathy ¹¹ ¹⁹ ⁷⁵ ⁵³ ¹⁴ ⁷¹ ³³

Encephalopathy, Hepatic ¹⁹ ⁷⁵

Hepatic Encephalopathy, Stage Unspecified ³³

Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy ¹¹

He - [hepatic Encephalopathy] ³³

Hepatocerebral Encephalopathy ³³

Hepatocerebral Intoxication ³³

Hepatic Encephalopathy Nos ³³

Hepatoencephalopathy ¹⁹

Hepatic Coma ³³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases Neuronal diseases Liver diseases Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³¹

Diseases of the digestive system

Diseases of liver

Hepatic failure, not elsewhere classified

ICD11: ³³

Diseases of the digestive system

Diseases of liver

Certain specified diseases of liver

Hepatic encephalopathy

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:13413

ICD9CM ³⁴ 572.2

MeSH ⁴³ D006501

NCIt ⁴⁹ C79596

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 197332007

ICD10 ³¹ K72

ICD11 ³³ 1769383160

UMLS ⁷¹ C0019151

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Summaries for Hepatic Encephalopathy

GARD: ¹⁹ Hepatic encephalopathy is a syndrome observed in some patients with cirrhosis. It is defined as a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with liver dysfunction, when other known brain disease has been excluded. Signs and symptoms may be debilitating, and they can begin mildly and gradually, or occur suddenly and severely. They may include personality or mood changes, intellectual impairment, abnormal movements, a depressed level of consciousness, and other symptoms. There are several theories regarding the exact cause, but development of the condition is probably at least partially due to the effect of substances that are toxic to nerve tissue (neurotoxic), which are typically present with liver damage and/or liver disease.

MalaCards based summary: Hepatic Encephalopathy, also known as encephalopathy, hepatic, is related to hepatic coma and hepatorenal syndrome. An important gene associated with Hepatic Encephalopathy is F2 (Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Metabolism and Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway. The drugs Metformin and Midazolam have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include liver, brain and globus pallidus, and related phenotypes are homeostasis/metabolism and nervous system

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A brain disease that is characterized by loss of brain function, the occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma that results when the liver is unable to remove toxins from the blood.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is an altered level of consciousness as a result of liver failure. Its onset... more...

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Related Diseases for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Diseases related to Hepatic Encephalopathy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 800)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hepatic coma	32.4	TSPO GPT GLUL F2 ALB
2	hepatorenal syndrome	32.1	IL18 GPT F2 ALB
3	alcoholic liver cirrhosis	32.1	TNF IL6 GPT F2 ALB
4	liver cirrhosis	32.0	TTR TNF SST SLC17A5 IL6 GPT
5	alcoholic hepatitis	31.9	TNF SLC17A5 IL6 GPT F2 ALB
6	liver disease	31.6	TNF SLC25A13 SLC17A5 IL6 IL18 GPT
7	varicose veins	31.4	TNF IL6 F2
8	portal hypertension	31.4	TNF SST SLC17A5 GPT F2 ALB
9	hepatitis a	31.3	TNF GPT F2 ALB
10	portal vein thrombosis	31.3	GPT F2 ALB
11	esophageal varix	31.3	SST GPT F2 ALB
12	brain edema	31.1	SLC25A13 SLC1A2 IL6 HMOX1 GLUL ALB
13	viral hepatitis	31.1	SLC17A5 IL6 GPT F2 ALB
14	mild cognitive impairment	31.1	TSPO MAOB IL6
15	nutritional deficiency disease	31.1	TTR IL6 F2 ALB
16	peritonitis	31.1	TNF IL6 IL18 F2 ALB
17	wilson disease	30.9	GPT F2 ALB
18	status epilepticus	30.9	TSPO SST SLC1A2 S100B
19	non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	30.9	TNF IL6 GPT ALB
20	intracranial hypertension	30.9	TNF S100B IL6 F2 ALB
21	alcohol use disorder	30.9	TNF SLC17A5 MAOA IL6 GPT F2
22	urinary tract infection	30.8	TNF IL6 GPT F2 ALB
23	alcohol dependence	30.8	TSPO TNF SLC17A5 NOS1 MAOB MAOA
24	sleep disorder	30.8	TNF MAOB IL6 ALB
25	budd-chiari syndrome	30.8	GPT F2 ALB
26	cholestasis	30.8	SLC25A13 SLC17A5 GPT F2
27	hepatitis b	30.7	TNF SLC17A5 IL6 GPT F2 ALB
28	fatty liver disease	30.7	TNF IL6 HMOX1 GPT
29	papilledema	30.7	IL6 F2 ALB
30	toxic encephalopathy	30.7	TNF SLC1A2 NOS1 MAOB IL6 HMOX1
31	reye syndrome	30.7	GPT GLUL F2 ALB
32	primary biliary cholangitis	30.6	TNF SLC17A5 IL6 GPT F2 ALB
33	schistosomiasis	30.6	TNF GPT F2 ALB
34	lactose intolerance	30.6	TNF IL6 ALB
35	acute kidney failure	30.6	IL6 IL18 GPT F2 ALB
36	active peptic ulcer disease	30.6	SST GPT F2 ALB
37	autoimmune hepatitis	30.5	TNF SLC17A5 GPT F2 ALB
38	bowel dysfunction	30.5	TNF IL6 GPT ALB
39	uremia	30.5	TNF IL6 ALB
40	transient cerebral ischemia	30.5	IL6 F2 ALB
41	cryptococcal meningitis	30.5	TNF IL6 ALB
42	diarrhea	30.4	TTR TNF SST IL6 GPT ALB
43	metabolic acidosis	30.4	IL6 GPT GLS F2 ALB
44	eclampsia	30.4	TNF IL6 F2 ALB
45	hepatitis e	30.4	TNF GPT F2 ALB
46	severe cutaneous adverse reaction	30.4	TNF IL6 GPT
47	miliary tuberculosis	30.4	TNF GPT ALB
48	disseminated intravascular coagulation	30.4	TNF IL6 GPT F2
49	brucellosis	30.4	TNF IL6 IL18
50	blastomycosis	30.3	TNF IL6 GC

Comorbidity relations with Hepatic Encephalopathy via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 26)

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Hepatic Encephalopathy

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁵

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	no effect	GR00402-S-1	10.2	ALB F2 GC GLS GLUL GPT
2	no effect	GR00402-S-2	10.2	ALB F2 GC GLS GLUL HMOX1

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.32	ALB F2 GC GLUL HMOX1 IL18
2	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.27	F2 GLS GLUL IL18 IL6 MAOA
3	normal	MP:0002873	10.13	ALB F2 GLS GLUL NOS1 S100B
4	cellular	MP:0005384	10.07	ALB F2 GLS GLUL HMOX1 IL18
5	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	10.03	ALB GLUL HMOX1 IL6 NOS1 SLC25A13
6	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	9.95	F2 HMOX1 IL18 IL6 NOS1 SST
7	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	9.93	ALB F2 GLS GLUL HMOX1 IL18
8	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	9.92	ALB F2 IL18 IL6 NOS1 SST
9	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	9.86	F2 GLS GLUL HMOX1 IL18 IL6
10	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.47	ALB F2 GLS GLUL HMOX1 IL18

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Drugs for Hepatic Encephalopathy (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 177)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Metformin

Approved

Phase 4

1115-70-4, 657-24-9

4091

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

59467-70-8

4192

Propofol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

2078-54-8

4943

Rifaximin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

80621-81-4

46783403 6436173

Lactulose

Approved

Phase 4

4618-18-2

11333

Midodrine

Approved

Phase 4

133163-28-7, 42794-76-3

4195

Buprenorphine

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

52485-79-7, 53152-21-9

644073 40400

Naloxone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

465-65-6

5284596

Carvedilol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

72956-09-3

2585

Propranolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

318-98-9, 525-66-6

62882 4946

Insulin aspart

Approved

Phase 4

116094-23-6

16132418

Valine

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

72-18-4

1182 6287

Vitamin A

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

22737-96-8, 68-26-8

5280382 445354

Aspartic acid

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

56-84-8

5960

Ornithine

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

3184-13-2, 70-26-8

6262

GABA Modulators

Phase 4

Anesthetics

Phase 4

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Phase 4

Hypoglycemic Agents

Phase 4

Anti-Anxiety Agents

Phase 4

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Phase 4

Anesthetics, General

Phase 4

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 4

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

Phase 4

Adrenergic Agonists

Phase 4

Adrenergic Agents

Phase 4

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4

Vasoconstrictor Agents

Phase 4

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 4

Sympathomimetics

Phase 4

Vasodilator Agents

Phase 4

Antioxidants

Phase 4

Protective Agents

Phase 4

Analgesics

Phase 4

Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination

Phase 4

Analgesics, Opioid

Phase 4

Narcotic Antagonists

Phase 4

Retinol palmitate

Phase 4

Narcotics

Phase 4

Hormones

Phase 4

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists

Phase 4

Adrenergic Antagonists

Phase 4

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists

Phase 4

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists

Phase 4

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Phase 4

Antihypertensive Agents

Phase 4

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 4

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 172)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Randomized Trial Comparing The Efficacy of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) Versus Lactulose For Treatment Of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy	Unknown status	NCT03100513	Phase 4	Lactulose;Polyethylene Glycol
2	Albumin Infusion Effects in Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy	Unknown status	NCT02401490	Phase 4	Human albumin;Placebo
3	Therapeutic Efficacy of Oral L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate on Liver Cirrhosis and Minimal Encephalopathy: a Single Center Placebo Control Double Blind Study	Unknown status	NCT00896831	Phase 4	L-ornithine-L-aspartate;placebo
4	Metformin Experience on Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis	Unknown status	NCT02470546	Phase 4	Metformin;Placebo
5	Therapeutic Efficacy of Oral PEG3350 Plus Lactulose Versus Lactulose Alone in Patients of Acute on Chronic Liver Failure With Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Single Blind Prospective Randomized Controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT03987893	Phase 4	PEG-3350 with Electolytes;Lactulose
6	Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Effects of Sedation for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy With Propofol Versus Midazolam on Psychometric Tests and Critical Flicker Frequency in Cirrhotics	Unknown status	NCT01356121	Phase 4	Propofol;Midazolam
7	Secondary Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis: An Open Label, Randomized Controlled Trial of Lactulose, Probiotics and No-therapy	Unknown status	NCT01178372	Phase 4	Lactulose;Probiotics(VSL#3)
8	Primary Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Cirrhosis: an Open Labeled Randomized Controlled Trial of Lactulose Versus no Lactulose	Unknown status	NCT01175538	Phase 4	Lactulose
9	LOLA in Hepatic Encephalopathy Brain Muscle Axis During Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy With L-ornithine L-aspartate A Phase iv Randomised Double Blind Placebo- Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT01847651	Phase 4	LOLA or placebo
10	Effect of Lactulose on Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy and Health-Related Quality of Life	Completed	NCT00375375	Phase 4	Lactulose
11	Midodrine and Albumin for Cirrhotic Patients in the Waiting List for Liver Transplantation	Completed	NCT00839358	Phase 4	albumin;Midodrine;Placebo
12	Efficacy of Combined Oral L-ornithine-L-aspartate and Oral Lactulose in Patients With Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT00740142	Phase 4	L-ornithine-L-aspartate and lactulose;placebo and lactulose
13	Pharmacokinetics of Buprenorphine and Naloxone in Subjects With Mild to Severe Hepatic Impairment (Child-Pugh Classes, A, B, and C), in HCV-Seropositive Subjects, and in Healthy Volunteers	Completed	NCT01846455	Phase 4	2.0mg Buprenorphine/0.5mg Naloxone;Promethazine
14	A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Rifaximin 550 mg With and Without Lactulose in Subjects With a History of Recurrent Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT01842581	Phase 4	Rifaximin;Lactulose
15	Rifaximin and Its Microbial Resistance as a Secondary Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With HCV Related Cirrhosis	Completed	NCT04736836	Phase 4	Rifaximin
16	A Placebo Controlled Single Centre Double Blind Randomised Trial to Investigate the Efficacy of Rifaximin Versus Placebo in Improving Systemic Inflammation and Neutrophil Malfunction in Patients With Cirrhosis and Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT02019784	Phase 4	Rifaximin-α;Placebo Oral Tablet
17	Low-dose Rifaximin in the Treatment of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Open Controlled Study	Completed	NCT03077217	Phase 4	Rifaximin
18	Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study on the Effectiveness of Treatment With Beta-blockers to Prevent Decompensation of Cirrhosis With Portal Hypertension	Completed	NCT01059396	Phase 4	propranolol;carvedilol;placebo
19	The Infusion of L-Ornithine L-aspart is as Effective as Nonabsorbable Disaccharides in the Management of Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy.	Completed	NCT01041755	Phase 4	L-ornithine-L-aspartate;Lactose
20	Effect of the Proteins of the Diet in Patients With Cirrhosis and a Prior Episode of Hepatic Encephalopathy. A Randomized Study	Completed	NCT00955500	Phase 4
21	Effects of the Administration of Albumin in Patients With Cirrhosis and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy.	Completed	NCT00886925	Phase 4	Albumin;Sodium chloride 0.9%
22	Efficacy of Intravenous 'L-ornithine L-aspartate' in Reversal of Overt Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT01722578	Phase 4	L-ornithine L-aspartate;Placebo
23	Effect of Albumine Infusion in the Prevention of Hepatic Encephalopathy After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt	Completed	NCT01559519	Phase 4	Albumin
24	Comparison of Three Different Schemes:Lactulose, L-ornithine L-aspartate, or Rifaximin, Versus Placebo, as Primary Prophylaxis of the Development of Hepatic Encephalopathy After Acute Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhotic Patients	Completed	NCT02158182	Phase 4	Lactulose;L-ornithine L-aspartate;Rifaximin;Placebo
25	Efficacy of L-Ornithine L-Aspartate (LOLA) as an Adjunct to Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) Enriched Solutions on Clinical Outcomes in ICU Patients With Hepatic Encephalopathy: a Randomized Controlled Trial	Recruiting	NCT05539027	Phase 4	Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), enriched solution (Aminoleban) and L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA);Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), enriched solution (Aminoleban)
26	Prevention of Hepatic Encephalopathy by Administration of Rifaximin and Lactulose in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis Undergoing TIPS Placement: a Multi-centre Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial.	Recruiting	NCT04073290	Phase 4	Rifaximin 550 milligram Oral Tablet [XIFAXAN];Placebo oral tablet;Lactulose 667 milligram/milliliter Oral Solution
27	A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial To Evaluate The Efficacy, Safety, And Pharmacokinetics Of Rifaximin 550 Mg In Subjects With Severe Hepatic Impairment And Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy	Recruiting	NCT01846663	Phase 4	Placebo;Rifaximin
28	Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Versus Lactulose on Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis; a Randomized Clinical Trial (PEGHE Trial)	Recruiting	NCT04436601	Phase 4	Polyethylene Glycols;Lactulose
29	Quality of Life and Nutritional Improvements in Cirrhotic Patients Following Hepatic Encephalopathy Using Rifaximin.	Terminated	NCT01842113	Phase 4	Rifaximin;Lactulose;Lactulose Placebo;Rifaximin Placebo
30	Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Lactulose for the Prevention of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhotic Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage	Unknown status	NCT00553423	Phase 3	Lactulose;Placebo
31	A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial Comparing Nitazoxanide Plus Lactulose With Lactulose Alone Treatment of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy	Unknown status	NCT02464124	Phase 2, Phase 3	Nitazoxanide;Lactulose
32	Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Pre-hepatic Portal Hypertension Due to Portal Vein Thrombosis in Childhood and Young Adult: epidemiOlogical Study and Pilot Interventional Study.	Unknown status	NCT01798329	Phase 3
33	A Multi-Center, Open-Label Trial to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Rifaximin 550 mg BID in Subjects With a History of Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT00686920	Phase 3	Rifaximin
34	Efficacy of a Three Days' Infusion of L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate as an Adjuvant Therapy in Cirrhotic Patients With Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Placebo Controlled Study	Completed	NCT00433368	Phase 3	L-Ornithine L-Aspartate
35	Health Related Quality of Life in Patient With Chronic Liver Disease and Effect of Probiotics in the Treatment of MHE and Health Related Quality of Life	Completed	NCT01008293	Phase 2, Phase 3	VSL#3;Lactulose
36	A Multi-center Study of the Safety and Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure in Pediatric Patients Not Caused by Acetaminophen.	Completed	NCT00248625	Phase 3	N-acetylcysteine;Placebo
37	A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Rifaximin 550 mg BID For 6 Months In Preventing Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT00298038	Phase 3	Rifaximin;Placebo
38	Secondary Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study With Supplementation With a Probiotic Preparation	Completed	NCT01110447	Phase 2, Phase 3	VSL#3
39	Effects of Tolvaptan on Cognitive Function, Brain Metabolism and Quality of Life in Hyponatremic Cirrhotics With Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Prospective Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT01556646	Phase 3	Tolvaptan
40	Acetyl-L-Carnitine Reduces Perceived Work Stress and Improves Work Ability and Work Performance in Hepatic Encephalopathy	Completed	NCT02173132	Phase 3	Acetyl-L-carnitine
41	Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Nitazoxanide in Preventing Recurrence of Hepatic Encephalopathy	Recruiting	NCT04161053	Phase 3	Rifaximin;Nitazoxanide
42	Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Rifaximin on Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy With Underlying Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Liver Cirrhosis Patients	Recruiting	NCT04244877	Phase 3	Rifaximin
43	The Potential Role of Allopurinol Versus Atorvastatin to Prevent Complications of Liver Cirrhosis: A Quadruple Blind Clinical Study	Recruiting	NCT05511766	Phase 2, Phase 3	Allopurinol 300 MG;Atorvastatin 20mg;Placebo
44	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin Soluble Solid Dispersion (SSD) for the Delay of Encephalopathy Decompensation in Cirrhosis	Recruiting	NCT05297448	Phase 3	Rifaximin SSD;Placebo
45	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin Soluble Solid Dispersion (SSD) for the Delay of Encephalopathy Decompensation in Cirrhosis	Recruiting	NCT05071716	Phase 3	Rifaximin SSD;Placebo
46	Shandong Provincial Integrated Traditional Chinese and Clinical Medicine(Chronic Hepatitis B and Its Complication) Prevention and Treatment Project	Not yet recruiting	NCT05128305	Phase 3	traditional Chinese medicine1 and traditional Chinese medicine 2
47	RICE Trial: Rifaximin In Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy - A Randomized, Controlled Trial	Terminated	NCT00364689	Phase 3	Rifaximin;Lactulose
48	A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of MNK6105 (an Intravenous Formulation of L-Ornithine Phenylacetate) in Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis and Hyperammonemia Associated With an Episode of Hepatic Encephalopathy	Withdrawn	NCT04128462	Phase 3	MNK-6105;Placebo;Standard of Care
49	A Randomized Comparison of Rifaximin Versus Lactulose in Hospitalized Cirrhotic Patients With Renal Failure	Withdrawn	NCT02086825	Phase 3	Rifaximin;Lactulose
50	The Role of Bacterial Overgrowth and Delayed Intestinal Transit in Hepatic Encephalopathy. Phase A: Breath Testing and Colonic Transit in Hepatic Encephalopathy. Phase B: A Randomized Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Rifaximin for Hepatic Encephalopathy	Unknown status	NCT00281502	Phase 2	Rifaximin (drug)

Search NIH Clinical Center for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :

Kanamycin Sulfate

Lactulose

NEOMYCIN SO4 PWDR

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Genetic Tests for Hepatic Encephalopathy

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Anatomical Context for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Organs/tissues related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

MalaCards : Liver, Brain, Globus Pallidus, Neutrophil, Eye, Cortex, Cerebellum

Sources

Publications for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Articles related to Hepatic Encephalopathy:

(show top 50) (show all 10892)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Conventional diet therapy for hyperammonemia is risky in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy associated with citrin deficiency. ⁵³ ⁶²	Fukushima K...Ikeda S	20118603	2010
2	Outcome of patients with primary hepatic venous obstruction treated with anticoagulants alone. ⁵³ ⁶²	Shukla A...Bhatia SJ	20373079	2010
3	[A simple scoring system to evaluate the severity of acute-on-chronic liver failure in hepatitis B]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Li XY...Gao ZL	20193566	2009
4	[Analysis of prognostic factors for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Liu XY...Wang HF	19719920	2009
5	Retrospective study of the clinical profile and prognostic indicators in patients of alcoholic liver disease admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Western Nepal. ⁵³ ⁶²	Pathak OK...Adhikari B	19636178	2009
6	[Anemia in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: prevalence, clinical relevance and predictive factors]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mathurin SA...Chiorra C	19663083	2009
7	Clinical features and predictors of outcome in acute hepatitis A and hepatitis E virus hepatitis on cirrhosis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Radha Krishna Y...Choudhuri G	19267864	2009
8	Natural endogenous ligands for benzodiazepine receptors in hepatic encephalopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Baraldi M...Zeneroli ML	19082698	2009
9	Albumin dialysis improves hepatic encephalopathy and decreases circulating phenolic aromatic amino acids in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and severe liver failure. ⁵³ ⁶²	Pares A...Mas A	19175915	2009
10	Albumin dialysis has a favorable effect on amino acid profile in hepatic encephalopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Koivusalo AM...Isoniemi H	18773287	2008
11	[Clinical outcomes and predictive factors of spontaneous survival in patients with fulminant hepatitis A]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kim JM...Lim KS	19119242	2008
12	In-hospital mortality in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a new predictive model. ⁵³ ⁶²	Nobre SR...Leitao MC	18941414	2008
13	[Natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Pares A	18928750	2008
14	Gc-globulin in liver disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Schiodt FV	19232164	2008
15	Which is the best way to analyze the efficacy of albumin dialysis in hepatic encephalopathy? ⁵³ ⁶²	Banares R...Catalina MV	18666248	2008
16	Adjuvant therapeutic plasma exchange in liver failure: assessments of clinical and laboratory parameters. ⁵³ ⁶²	Bektas M...Ozden A	18344887	2008
17	Prognostic factors for chronic severe hepatitis and construction of a prognostic model. ⁵³ ⁶²	Li Q...Cao WK	18234637	2008
18	Acute liver failure in Lithuania. ⁵³ ⁶²	Adukauskiene D...Kupcinskas L	18695350	2008
19	Randomized controlled study of extracorporeal albumin dialysis for hepatic encephalopathy in advanced cirrhosis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Hassanein TI...Blei AT	17975845	2007
20	Aquaporin-4 in hepatic encephalopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Rama Rao KV...Norenberg MD	17879149	2007
21	[Analysis of survival rate and risk factors of liver retransplantation]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Zhu ZJ...Shen ZY	18005577	2007
22	Liver support systems. ⁵³ ⁶²	Santoro A...Faenza S	17464150	2007
23	Drug insight: the role of albumin in the management of chronic liver disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Wong F	17203088	2007
24	Molecular adsorbent recirculating system dialysis in patients with acute liver failure who are assessed for liver transplantation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Camus C...Thomas R	16941171	2006
25	Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in the brain of cirrhosis patients with manifest hepatic encephalopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Iversen P...Keiding S	16550382	2006
26	[Observation on hybrid bioartificial liver support systems in treating chronic severe hepatitis: a study of 60 cases]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Luo HT...Long H	16556417	2006
27	Prediction of hepatic encephalopathy development in patients with severe acute hepatitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Takikawa Y...Fulminant Hepatitis Study Group of Japan	16534681	2006
28	Role of phosphate-activated glutaminase in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Romero-Gomez M	16382342	2005
29	Role of endogenous benzodiazepine ligands and their GABA-A--associated receptors in hepatic encephalopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ahboucha S...Butterworth RF	16382352	2005
30	[Preliminary study on the effects of an artificial liver support system in the treatment of medicamentous liver insufficiency]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Shang J...Chen P	16313729	2005
31	[Analysis of prognostic factors of and to establish a predictive model for patients with chronic severe hepatitis]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Zhang N...Yi D	16248942	2005
32	Renal function after orthotopic liver transplantation is predicted by duration of pretransplantation creatinine elevation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Campbell MS...Reddy KR	16123966	2005
33	Successful treatment of an adult with Amanita phalloides-induced fulminant liver failure with molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS). ⁵³ ⁶²	Lionte C...Simionescu V	16200238	2005
34	Determinants of early mortality and benefits of lamivudine therapy in patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated liver cirrhosis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Tseng PL...Lee CM	15985009	2005
35	Etiology, outcome and prognostic indicators of childhood fulminant hepatic failure in the United kingdom. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lee WS...Kelly DA	15861019	2005
36	[Analysis on prognostic factors of liver failure in children]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Zhu SS...Xu ZQ	16201463	2005
37	The impact of total plasma exchange on early allograft dysfunction. ⁵³ ⁶²	Camci C...Nour B	15621091	2004
38	Clinical and laboratory features of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Filik L...Unal S	15626058	2004
39	Intestinal glutaminase activity is increased in liver cirrhosis and correlates with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Romero-Gomez M...Bautista JD	15246207	2004
40	Reversal of diuretic-induced hepatic encephalopathy with infusion of albumin but not colloid. ⁵³ ⁶²	Jalan R...Kapoor D	14678008	2004
41	Benzodiazepine receptor antagonists for hepatic encephalopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Als-Nielsen B...Gluud C	15106178	2004
42	Clinical significance and prediction factors of gastric varices in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ⁵³ ⁶²	Yeh JL...Chen GH	14571795	2003
43	Low serum total thyroxine and free triiodothyronine in patients with hepatic encephalopathy due to non-alcoholic cirrhosis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kayacetin E...Kaya A	12811678	2003
44	Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: incidence and prognosis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Perdomo Coral G...Alves de Mattos A	12677269	2003
45	A cohort study of the incidence of serious acute liver injury in diabetic patients treated with hypoglycemic agents. ⁵³ ⁶²	Chan KA...Selby JV	12639207	2003
46	Successful use of Molecular Absorbent Regenerating System (MARS) dialysis for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure in children accidentally poisoned by toxic mushroom ingestion. ⁵³ ⁶²	Covic A...Bizo A	12950957	2003
47	Discriminant function for prognostic indexes and probability of death in chronic severe hepatitis B. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ke WM...Huang S	14564632	2003
48	Region selective alterations of soluble guanylate cyclase content and modulation in brain of cirrhotic patients. ⁵³ ⁶²	Corbalan R...Felipo V	12395325	2002
49	Treatment of liver failure in rats with end-stage cirrhosis by transplantation of immortalized hepatocytes. ⁵³ ⁶²	Cai J...Fox IJ	12143047	2002
50	Glutamine synthetase in brain: effect of ammonia. ⁵³ ⁶²	Suarez I...Fernandez B	12020613	2002

Sources

Genes for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Genes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy (0 elite genes):

(show all 32)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	F2	Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin	Protein Coding	26.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15861019 14571795 2371517 (more) 8014445 11155156 12639207 18005577 18941414 9724481 12194694 12203078 15626058 16313729 18928750 19719920 20193566 8055222 12143047 12677269 1955717 18234637 19223890 9213319 16200238 16248942 18695350 19119242 19785957 16556417 16201463 15621091 12811678 2237274 18344887 9764985 9721797 8672739 7644764 1995265 2014530 1376483 8423913 7861629 12950957 14564632 15985009 16534681 16941171 19636178 10654972
2	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	25.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19175915 17975845 14571795 (more) 11208483 11155156 11490371 10916286 19719920 12677269 9448179 20373079 18773287 14678008 8672739 18666248 12220298 9504517 19785957 19119242 16556417 17203088 16201463 18234637 17464150 12143047 16215883 19663083 16123966 18941414
3	TSPO	Translocator Protein	Protein Coding	25.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8276347 11687160 15106178 (more) 2172467 2161396 16550382 19256153 7675964 10733008 2156301 1963266 2155867 1660022 1849322 7480556 9286429 1966504 9586854 1649262 19082698 16382352 9695999 7748297 10471200 9252134 8045517 1975325 10564534 1674609 10716686 2158481
4	GPT	Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase	Protein Coding	22.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15861019 18234637 19267864 (more) 15621091 8423913
5	GLUL	Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase	Protein Coding	21.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10564534 12020613
6	SLC25A13	Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 13	Protein Coding	20.08	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	20118603
7	GLS	Glutaminase	Protein Coding	19.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15246207 16382342
8	GC	GC Vitamin D Binding Protein	Protein Coding	18.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11521994 19232164
9	MAOA	Monoamine Oxidase A	Protein Coding	17.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8242348
10	NOS1	Nitric Oxide Synthase 1	Protein Coding	15.75	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9804363
11	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	15.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	14.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	SLC17A5	Solute Carrier Family 17 Member 5	Protein Coding	14.66	Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19636178 18234637 7787967 (more) 15621091 9647038 2014530
14	MAOB	Monoamine Oxidase B	Protein Coding	13.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10564534 8242348
15	SLC1A2	Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 2	Protein Coding	13.84	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	IL18	Interleukin 18	Protein Coding	13.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	SST	Somatostatin	Protein Coding	13.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
18	S100B	S100 Calcium Binding Protein B	Protein Coding	13.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
19	HMOX1	Heme Oxygenase 1	Protein Coding	13.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
20	TTR	Transthyretin	Protein Coding	12.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
21	SLC1A1	Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 1	Protein Coding	12.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
22	MMP9	Matrix Metallopeptidase 9	Protein Coding	12.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
23	STAT3	Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3	Protein Coding	12.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
24	SLC38A5	Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 5	Protein Coding	12.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
25	PDE5A	Phosphodiesterase 5A	Protein Coding	11.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
26	NCAM1	Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1	Protein Coding	11.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
27	NPPA	Natriuretic Peptide A	Protein Coding	11.12	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
28	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	10.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
29	OPRM1	Opioid Receptor Mu 1	Protein Coding	10.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
30	HRH1	Histamine Receptor H1	Protein Coding	10.85	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
31	ASS1	Argininosuccinate Synthase 1	Protein Coding	10.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	7699832
32	AQP4	Aquaporin 4	Protein Coding	9.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	17879149

Sources

Variations for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Sources

Expression for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Genes differentially expressed in tissues of Hepatic Encephalopathy patients vs. healthy controls: ³⁵

#	Gene	Description	Tissue	Up/Dn	Fold Change (log2)	P value
1	PSPH	phosphoserine phosphatase	Brain	-	4.35	0.000

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Sources

Pathways for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Pathways related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 18)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Metabolism ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Metabolism of lipids ⁶⁶	13.45	TTR TSPO SLC25A13 MAOB MAOA HMOX1
2	Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling ⁶¹ Angiopoietin-TIE2 Signaling ⁶⁴ Development Angiopoietin - Tie2 signaling ²² Development PDGF signaling via STATs and NF-kB ²² IL23-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Immune response IL-10 signaling pathway ²² RAC1/PAK1/p38/MMP2 pathway ⁷⁴	12.38	TNF NOS1 IL6 IL18 F2
3	Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) susceptibility pathways ⁷⁴	12.01	TNF SST MAOA IL6
4	Lung fibrosis ⁷⁴	11.53	TNF IL6 HMOX1
5	Inflammatory bowel disease signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Ulcerative colitis signaling ⁷⁴	11.49	TNF IL6 IL18
6	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling ⁶⁶	11.39	TNF MAOA IL6 IL18 HMOX1
7	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁶	11.37	TNF IL6 IL18
8	Monoamine transport ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Serotonin transporter activity ⁷⁴	11.3	TNF NOS1 MAOA
9	FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks ⁶¹ Show member pathways FOXA transcription factor networks ⁶¹	11.29	TTR F2 ALB
10	Neuroinflammation and glutamatergic signaling ⁷⁴	11.25	TNF SLC1A2 NOS1 IL6 GLUL GLS
11	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ⁷⁴	11.17	TNF SLC1A2 NOS1
12	IL-10 Pathway ⁶⁴	11.12	HMOX1 IL6 TNF
13	Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family ⁷⁴	11.05	TNF IL6 IL18
14	Antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of Nrf2 on SARS-CoV-2 pathway ⁷⁴	10.97	TNF IL6 HMOX1
15	Dopamine metabolism ⁷⁴	10.69	MAOB MAOA
16	Overview of nanoparticle effects ⁷⁴	10.61	TNF IL6 HMOX1
17	Neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism In glial cells ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism ⁶⁶ Defective SLC1A3 causes episodic ataxia 6 (EA6) ⁶⁶	10.52	SLC1A2 GLUL
18	Cells and molecules involved in local acute inflammatory response ⁷⁴ Show member pathways IL8-mediated signaling events ⁶¹	10.24	TNF IL6

Sources

GO Terms for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Cellular components related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.64	TTR TNF SST S100B IL6 IL18

Biological processes related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	response to xenobiotic stimulus	GO:0009410	9.93	TSPO TNF SST SLC1A2 MAOB HMOX1
2	positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	GO:0046427	9.91	TNF IL6 F2
3	liver regeneration	GO:0097421	9.88	TNF IL6 HMOX1
4	positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	GO:0048661	9.86	HMOX1 IL18 IL6 TNF
5	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	GO:0060252	9.85	TSPO TNF IL6
6	positive regulation of chemokine production	GO:0032722	9.56	TNF IL6 IL18 HMOX1
7	transport	GO:0006810	9.5	SLC25A13 GC ALB
8	positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	GO:0150078	9.1	TNF IL6 IL18

Molecular functions related to Hepatic Encephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	primary amine oxidase activity	GO:0008131	9.56	MAOB MAOA
2	phenethylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity	GO:0052596	9.46	MAOB MAOA
3	monoamine oxidase activity	GO:0097621	9.26	MAOB MAOA
4	aliphatic amine oxidase activity	GO:0052595	8.92	MAOB MAOA