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MCID: HRN003
MIFTS: 44

Heroin Dependence

Categories: Mental diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Heroin Dependence

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Heroin Dependence:

Name: Heroin Dependence 12 43 15 17 71

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:9976
MeSH 43 D006556
NCIt 49 C34694
SNOMED-CT 67 231477003
UMLS 71 C0019337
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Summaries for Heroin Dependence

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Disease Ontology : 12 An opiate dependence that involves the continued use of heroin despite problems related to use of the substance.

MalaCards based summary : Heroin Dependence is related to depression and sexual disorder. An important gene associated with Heroin Dependence is MEG3 (Maternally Expressed 3), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Parkinson disease and Transmission across Chemical Synapses. The drugs Guaifenesin and Dopamine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include testes, brain and cortex, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and homeostasis/metabolism

Wikipedia : 74 Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a pattern of opioid use that causes significant impairment or distress.... more...

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Related Diseases for Heroin Dependence

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Diseases related to Heroin Dependence via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 169)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 depression 30.7 SLC6A4 MAOA BDNF
2 sexual disorder 30.7 SLC6A4 DRD4 DRD2
3 opioid addiction 30.6 OPRM1 OPRD1 DRD2 COMT
4 avoidant personality disorder 30.3 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD4
5 post-traumatic stress disorder 30.3 SLC6A4 MAOA DRD2 COMT BDNF
6 morphine dependence 30.2 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1
7 borderline personality disorder 30.2 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT BDNF
8 withdrawal disorder 30.0 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1 DRD2 DRD1
9 sleep disorder 30.0 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 DRD2 BDNF
10 alexithymia 29.9 SLC6A4 DRD2 COMT ANKK1
11 neonatal abstinence syndrome 29.8 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1 COMT
12 opiate dependence 29.7 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1 DRD4
13 movement disease 29.6 SLC6A3 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
14 constipation 29.6 SLC6A4 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1 BDNF
15 personality disorder 29.6 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD4 DRD2 COMT
16 cocaine dependence 29.3 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1 DRD2
17 eating disorder 29.2 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 COMT BDNF
18 mental depression 29.1 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
19 mood disorder 29.1 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
20 conduct disorder 29.1 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD4 DRD2 COMT
21 major depressive disorder 28.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD4 DRD2
22 antisocial personality disorder 28.8 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR3B DRD4 DRD2
23 anxiety 28.8 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 MAOA DRD4
24 alcohol use disorder 28.4 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 DRD1 COMT
25 psychotic disorder 28.3 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 MAOA DRD4
26 drug dependence 28.1 TTC12 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1
27 autism 28.1 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD4 DRD2
28 substance dependence 28.0 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1 MAOA
29 substance abuse 27.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1 MIAT
30 disease of mental health 27.8 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1 MAOA
31 bipolar disorder 27.6 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN MAOA GABRB2 DRD4
32 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 27.2 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR3B DRD4
33 tobacco addiction 26.5 TTC12 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 MAOA
34 alcohol dependence 26.1 TTC12 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1
35 polysubstance abuse 10.4 DRD2 COMT
36 pyromania 10.4 MAOA DRD2
37 tardive dyskinesia 10.4 DRD2 COMT
38 kleine-levin hibernation syndrome 10.4 SLC6A3 COMT
39 inhibited male orgasm 10.4 SLC6A4 SLC6A3
40 trigeminal nerve disease 10.3 OPRM1 OPRD1 BDNF
41 traumatic brain injury 10.3 DRD2 COMT BDNF
42 brain injury 10.3 DRD2 COMT BDNF
43 alcoholic psychosis 10.3 SLC6A4 SLC6A3
44 amphetamine abuse 10.3 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 DRD4
45 arterial thoracic outlet syndrome 10.3
46 trigeminal neuralgia 10.3 SLC6A4 OPRM1 OPRD1
47 cyclothymic disorder 10.3 DRD4 DRD2 COMT
48 atypical depressive disorder 10.3 SLC6A4 MAOA BDNF
49 autonomic nervous system disease 10.3 OPRM1 DRD4 BDNF
50 neurotic disorder 10.3 SLC6A4 MAOA BDNF

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Heroin Dependence:



Diseases related to Heroin Dependence
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Heroin Dependence

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Heroin Dependence:

45
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.22 ALDH2 AUTS2 BDNF COMT CSNK1E DRD1
2 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.07 ALDH2 BDNF COMT DRD1 DRD2 DRD4
3 nervous system MP:0003631 9.83 ALDH2 AUTS2 BDNF COMT CSNK1E DRD1
4 integument MP:0010771 9.81 ALDH2 BDNF DRD1 DRD2 OPRD1 OPRM1
5 no phenotypic analysis MP:0003012 9.17 AUTS2 BDNF CSNK1E DRD2 OPRD1 OPRM1
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Heroin Dependence

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Drugs for Heroin Dependence (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 87)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Guaifenesin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 93-14-1 3516
2
Dopamine Approved Phase 4 51-61-6, 62-31-7 681
3
Buspirone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 36505-84-7 2477
4
Buprenorphine Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 52485-79-7 40400 644073
5
Naltrexone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 16590-41-3 5360515
6
Methadone Approved Phase 4 76-99-3 4095
7
Ethanol Approved Phase 4 64-17-5 702
8 Respiratory System Agents Phase 4
9 Antitussive Agents Phase 4
10 Chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine drug combination Phase 4
11 Serotonin Receptor Agonists Phase 4
12 Anti-Anxiety Agents Phase 4
13 Psychotropic Drugs Phase 4
14 Analgesics, Opioid Phase 4
15
Heroin Phase 4 5462328
16 Narcotics Phase 4
17 Narcotic Antagonists Phase 4
18
Serotonin Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 4 50-67-9 5202
19
Amphetamine Approved, Illicit, Investigational Phase 3 300-62-9 5826 3007
20
Minocycline Approved, Investigational Phase 3 10118-90-8 5281021
21
Naloxone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 3 465-65-6 5284596
22
Clonidine Approved Phase 3 4205-90-7 2803
23
Hydromorphone Approved, Illicit Phase 3 466-99-9 5284570
24
Memantine Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 19982-08-2 4054
25 Central Nervous System Stimulants Phase 3
26 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 3
27 Analgesics Phase 3
28 Neurotransmitter Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
29 Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination Phase 3
30 Dopamine Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
31 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists Phase 2, Phase 3
32 Antiparkinson Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
33
Cocaine Approved, Illicit Phase 2 50-36-2 446220 5760
34
Fentanyl Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 2 437-38-7 3345
35
Oxycodone Approved, Illicit, Investigational Phase 2 76-42-6 5284603
36
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 2 51-45-6 774
37
Mirtazapine Approved Phase 2 85650-52-8, 61337-67-5 4205
38
Methamphetamine Approved, Illicit Phase 2 537-46-2 10836
39
Nicotine Approved Phase 1, Phase 2 54-11-5 942 89594
40
Pioglitazone Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 111025-46-8 4829
41
Methadyl Acetate Experimental, Illicit Phase 2 509-74-0 10517
42 Adrenergic Agents Phase 2
43 Adrenergic Antagonists Phase 2
44 Anesthetics Phase 2
45 Anesthetics, General Phase 2
46 Anesthetics, Intravenous Phase 2
47 Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Phase 2
48 Dynorphins Phase 2
49 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Phase 2
50 Antidepressive Agents Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 97)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Transfer From Methadone to Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment Using Buprenorphine Patches: A Study on Practicability With Patients Maintained With Daily Dosages Between 60mg and 100mg Methadone. Unknown status NCT00750217 Phase 4 Buprenorphine patch and sublingual tablets
2 Graded Strategy for Pharmacological Treatment of Heroin Dependence Completed NCT00310934 Phase 4 methadone;buprenorphine / methadone sequence
3 Buprenorphine/Nx Treatment of Heroin Dependence-A Compassionate Use Study Completed NCT00015340 Phase 4 Buprenorphine/naloxone
4 Feasibility, Mechanism of Action and Potential Side Effects of Extended Release Depot Naltrexone in Opioid Dependent Patients Completed NCT01471145 Phase 4 Naltrexone
5 Effects of Buspirone in Withdrawal From Opiates Completed NCT00326235 Phase 4 Buspirone
6 Biomarkers of Disease and Response to Treatment in Opioid Addiction Active, not recruiting NCT02324725 Phase 4 Naltrexone
7 Extended-Release Naltrexone Opioid Treatment at Jail Re-Entry Active, not recruiting NCT01999946 Phase 4 Extended-Release Naltrexone
8 An Open-label Study of Oral Paliparidone for the Treatment of Patients With Co-occurring Opioid and Amphetamine-type Stimulant Dependence Unknown status NCT02541513 Phase 3 paliparidone
9 Mirtazapine as a Treatment for Co-Occurring Opioid and Amphetamine Type Stimulant Dependence (COATS) in Malaysia Unknown status NCT02541526 Phase 3 Mirtazapine;Placebo
10 An Open-label Study of Oral Minocycline for the Treatment of Patients With Co-occurring Opioid and Amphetamine-type Stimulant Dependence (COATS) Unknown status NCT02541500 Phase 3 Minocycline
11 Expanded Steady-State Pharmacokinetic Study, Comparing Liquid and Tablet Buprenorphine Formulations Completed NCT00000302 Phase 3 Buprenorphine
12 CS1008 A&B Eff/Safety Trial of BUP/NX for the Treatment of Opiate Dependence Completed NCT00015171 Phase 3 Buprenorphine/naloxone
13 Buprenorphine/Naloxone Versus Clonidine For Out-patient Opiate Detoxification Completed NCT00032968 Phase 3 Buprenorphine/naloxone
14 Buprenorphine/Naloxone Versus Clonidine for Inpatient Opiate Detoxification Completed NCT00032955 Phase 3 Buprenorphine/naloxone
15 Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment of Opioid Dependence in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial of At-Home Versus In-Office Buprenorphine Induction Completed NCT00684554 Phase 2, Phase 3 Buprenorphine
16 Directly Administered vs. Self-administered Antiretroviral Therapy in Methadone Clinics Completed NCT00279110 Phase 2, Phase 3
17 Methadone Maintenance for Prisoners Completed NCT00378079 Phase 3 Counseling + Transfer;Counseling + Methadone
18 Behavioral Naltrexone Therapy (BNT) for Promoting Adherence to Oral Naltrexone (BNT-oral) vs Extended Release Injectable Depot Naltrexone (Depot-BNT); a Randomized Trial Completed NCT00577408 Phase 3 depot naltrexone;Oral Naltrexone
19 Reinforcing Effects of Intranasal Buprenorphine Versus Buprenorphine/Naloxone in Buprenorphine-maintained Intranasal Drug Users Completed NCT01760473 Phase 3 Intranasal challenge drug
20 Addiction Treatment in Russia: Oral and Depot Naltrexone Completed NCT00218426 Phase 2, Phase 3 naltrexone implant;oral naltrexone;oral placebo naltrexone;placebo implant
21 Efficacy and Safety of VIVITROL® (Naltrexone for Extended-release Injectable Suspension) in Adults With Opioid Dependence Completed NCT00678418 Phase 3 VIVITROL® 380 mg;Placebo
22 Buprenorphine for Prisoners Completed NCT00574067 Phase 3 Buprenorphine +OTP;Buprenorphine +CHC;Counseling +OTP;Counseling +CHC
23 Placebo Controlled Study of Memantine as an Adjunct to Naltrexone in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence Completed NCT00476242 Phase 2, Phase 3 Vivitrol;memantine
24 SALOME: Multi-Centre, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing The Effectiveness Of Diacetylmorphine Vs. Hydromorphone For The Treatment Of Long-Term Injection Opioid Users Who Do Not Benefit From Available Therapies Completed NCT01447212 Phase 3 Hydromorphone, Injectable;Diacetylmorphine, injectable;Hydromorphone, liquid oral;Diacetylmorphine, liquid oral
25 Buprenorphine Stabilization and Induction Onto Vivitrol for Heroin-dependent Individuals Recruiting NCT03711318 Phase 3 Buprenorphine/naloxone
26 Preventing Injection Initiation: The Change the Cycle Randomized Controlled Trial. Active, not recruiting NCT02774954 Phase 3
27 Evaluating the Role of Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy (DAART) in Conjunction With Opiate Substitution in Delivery of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy to HIV-1-infected Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) in Chennai, India Withdrawn NCT00709007 Phase 2, Phase 3
28 Counseling Conditions for Thrice Weekly Buprenorphine in a Primary Care Clinic Unknown status NCT00023283 Phase 2 Buprenorphine
29 A Stage 1 Study of Community Reinforcement and Family Training for Treatment Drug Abuse Treatment Retention/HIV Risk Reduction Unknown status NCT00609089 Phase 1, Phase 2
30 Treatment Efficacy for Drug Abuse and AIDS Prevention Completed NCT00000211 Phase 2 Buprenorphine
31 Treatment Efficacy for Drug Abuse and AIDS Prevention Completed NCT00000210 Phase 2 Buprenorphine
32 Opioid Maintenance: Optimum Stabilization and Withdrawal Completed NCT00218127 Phase 2 Levoacetyl Methadol;Levoacetyl Methadol;Levoacetyl Methadol
33 A Laboratory Model for Heroin Abuse Medications Completed NCT00000273 Phase 2 opiates
34 Atomoxetine for ATS and Opioid Dependence During Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment in Malaysia Completed NCT01863251 Phase 2 Atomoxetine
35 Effects of Dynorphin 1-13 on Heroin Addiction Completed NCT00000244 Phase 2 Dynorphin 1 - 13
36 Study Behavioral Naltrexone Therapy: A Novel Treatment for Heroin Dependence Completed NCT00332228 Phase 2 depot naltrexone;BNT
37 Heroin Addiction Treatment: Naltrexone and Adrenergic Agents Completed NCT00142948 Phase 2 Naltrexone;Placebo
38 Place of Low-Dose Naltrexone in Opiate Detoxification Completed NCT00135759 Phase 2 Naltrexone;Placebo comparator;naltrexone;naltrexone
39 Opiate Dependence: Combined Naltrexone/Behavior Therapy Completed NCT00238914 Phase 2 Naltrexone
40 Pilot Trial of a Therapeutic Interactive Voice Response System for Buprenorphine Maintenance: The Recovery Line Support System Completed NCT01315184 Phase 2
41 LAAM With Behavioral Treatment for Opioid/Cocaine Abuse Completed NCT00158288 Phase 2
42 Transdermal Electroacupuncture for Opioid Detoxification Completed NCT00742170 Phase 1, Phase 2
43 Clinical Efficacy and Serum Proteomic Profiling of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suan-Zao-Ren Tang, for Sleep Disturbance During Methadone Maintenance: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial Completed NCT01913418 Phase 2 Suan-Zao-Ren Tang;Suan-Zao-Ren Tang placebo
44 HIV Risk Reduction and Drug Abuse Treatment in Malaysia Completed NCT00383045 Phase 2 Buprenorphine/Subutex;Naltrexone
45 Mirtazapine to Reduce Methamphetamine Use Among MSM With High-risk HIV Behaviors Completed NCT00497081 Phase 2 mirtazapine;placebo
46 Effects of Pioglitazone, a PPARγ Agonist, on the Abuse Liability of Heroin and of Nicotine Terminated NCT01395797 Phase 1, Phase 2 PIO;Placebo
47 Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence-Experiment II-3 Withdrawn NCT00000331 Phase 2 Test Drug;Placebo Drug
48 Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence-Experiment II-2 Withdrawn NCT00000330 Phase 2 Opioid-Related Disorders
49 Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence-Experiment 1(1) Withdrawn NCT00000326 Phase 2 Heroin Dependence
50 Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence-Experiment II-1 Withdrawn NCT00000329 Phase 2 Opioid-Related Disorders

Search NIH Clinical Center for Heroin Dependence

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 50 :


Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine hydrochloride

Cochrane evidence based reviews: heroin dependence

Sources

Genetic Tests for Heroin Dependence

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Sources

Anatomical Context for Heroin Dependence

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Heroin Dependence:

40
Testes, Brain, Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Pituitary, Bone, Eye
Sources

Publications for Heroin Dependence

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Articles related to Heroin Dependence:

(show top 50) (show all 633)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Towards a common metric for assessing heroin-dependent patient satisfaction with medications: Testing methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone. 61
32380375 2020
2
Association of Dopamine Transporter Gene with Heroin Dependence in an Indian Subpopulation from Manipur. 61
32557146 2020
3
Clinical effects beyond cocaine use of sustained-release dexamphetamine for the treatment of cocaine dependent patients with comorbid opioid dependence: secondary analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. 61
31908066 2020
4
Genetic polymorphisms in the opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) gene are associated with methadone dose in methadone maintenance treatment for heroin dependence. 61
31907389 2020
5
A single nucleotide polymorphism in OPRM1(rs483481) and risk for heroin use disorder. 61
32189578 2020
6
Valuing families' preferences for drug treatment: a discrete choice experiment. 61
31506995 2020
7
108 Warning: Generic Suboxone Not Equal to Name Brand. 61
32331083 2020
8
Heroin exposure and withdrawal differentially influence expression of NMDA receptor NR2 subunits in the prelimbic region of rat medial prefrontal cortex. 61
32032749 2020
9
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis to explore the mechanism of heroin addiction in human nucleus accumbens. 61
31692007 2020
10
Effects of voluntary exercise and sex on multiply-triggered heroin reinstatement in male and female rats. 61
31712970 2020
11
The Competence and Willingness to Consent to Research Among Patients with Heroin Dependence. 61
32052310 2020
12
Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Markers for Addiction: Common vs. Specific Endophenotypes for Heroin and Amphetamine Dependence. 61
32003694 2020
13
Cocaine dependence: "Side effects" and syndrome formation within 1-12 months after first cocaine use. 61
31753734 2020
14
Adhesion Molecules as Potential Novel Biomarkers for Opioid Dependence. 61
31951160 2020
15
Relationship Between Buddhist Belief and Suicide Risk in Chinese Persons Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Therapy for Heroin Dependence. 61
32457671 2020
16
Treatment of Adolescent Heroin Dependence: The End of an Era. 61
32298556 2020
17
Quality of life and well-being from the perspective of patients on opioid agonist maintenance treatment: study protocol for a systematic review of qualitative research and a scoping review of measures. 61
31787102 2019
18
Monitoring consumption of methadone and heroin in major Chinese cities by wastewater-based epidemiology. 61
31683242 2019
19
Evaluation of a Pilot Intervention to Reduce Mental Health and Addiction Stigma in Primary Care Settings. 61
31317439 2019
20
Direct and indirect associations between perception of childhood trauma and suicidal ideation through emotion dysregulation in males who use heroin. 61
31233952 2019
21
Support vector machine-based multivariate pattern classification of methamphetamine dependence using arterial spin labeling. 61
30623517 2019
22
Causes of hospital admission and mortality among 6683 people who use heroin: A cohort study comparing relative and absolute risks. 61
31581023 2019
23
DRD2 and ANKK1 genes associate with late-onset heroin dependence in men. 61
28854834 2019
24
Prevalence and correlates of suicide attempt among Chinese individuals receiving methadone maintenance treatment for heroin dependence. 61
31666637 2019
25
Rumination and problematic substance use among individuals with a long-term history of illicit drug use. 61
31404848 2019
26
Effects of childhood emotional maltreatment on depressive symptoms through emotion dysregulation in treatment-seeking patients with heroin-dependence. 61
31252238 2019
27
Modelling Long-Term Joint Trajectories of Heroin Use and Treatment Utilisation: Findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study. 61
31709404 2019
28
Atypical frontal midline theta activity during cognitive control in heroin addicts. 61
31283705 2019
29
Identification of novel risk loci with shared effects on alcoholism, heroin, and methamphetamine dependence. 61
31462767 2019
30
Contribution of the Visante® OCT and B-scan ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow up of a topiramate-induced bilateral ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome. 61
30738599 2019
31
Abstinence Following a Motivation-Skill-Desensitization-Mental Energy Intervention for Heroin Dependence: A Three-year Follow-up Result of a Randomized Controlled Trial. 61
31209821 2019
32
Characterization of DSM-IV Opioid Dependence Among Individuals of European Ancestry. 61
31250797 2019
33
VMAT2 gene (SLC18A2) variants associated with a greater risk for developing opioid dependence. 61
30983500 2019
34
Traditional Chinese Medicine-facilitated switch from methadone to buprenorphine-naloxone for treatment of heroin dependence: a case report. 61
32186053 2019
35
The Case against Forced Methadone Detox in the US Prisons. 61
30891098 2019
36
Heroin addiction engages negative emotional learning brain circuits in rats. 61
30913040 2019
37
Qualitative review and quantitative effect size meta-analyses in brain regions identified by cue-reactivity addiction studies. 61
30816782 2019
38
OPRD1 gene affects disease vulnerability and environmental stress in patients with heroin dependence in Han Chinese. 61
30171993 2019
39
Curb Heroin In Plants (C.H.I.P.): Revisiting a Mid-1970s Intervention Into Workplace Heroin Addiction Created and Led by Detroit Autoworkers. 61
30676794 2019
40
Association of CamK2A genetic variants with transition time from occasional to regular heroin use in a sample of heroin-dependent individuals. 61
30260900 2019
41
The role of emotion dysregulation in the relation of childhood trauma to heroin craving in individuals with heroin dependence. 61
30634108 2019
42
Metabolism and metabolomics of opiates: A long way of forensic implications to unravel. 61
30621882 2019
43
The Effects of Oxytocin on Withdrawal, Craving and Stress Response in Heroin-Dependent Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. 61
30630161 2019
44
Treatment of an HIV-affected adolescent with heroin dependence in a low-income country: A clinical case study from Zambia. 61
30505923 2018
45
Heroin Addiction in Serbian Patients With Tourette Syndrome. 61
30395551 2018
46
Predictors of transitions across stages of heroin use and dependence prior to treatment-seeking among people in treatment for opioid dependence. 61
30107320 2018
47
GRK5 Is Associated with the Regulation of Methadone Dosage in Heroin Dependence. 61
30060048 2018
48
Genetic association analyses and meta-analysis of Dynorphin-Kappa Opioid system potential functional variants with heroin dependence. 61
30138645 2018
49
NGF gene polymorphisms are not associated with heroin dependence in a Taiwanese male population. 61
30070410 2018
50
When is coercive methadone therapy justified? 61
29883516 2018
Sources

Variations for Heroin Dependence

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Expression for Heroin Dependence

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Heroin Dependence.
Sources

Pathways for Heroin Dependence

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Pathways related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 18)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Parkinson disease 36
Show member pathways
 12.98 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 DRD1 CSNK1E BDNF
2
Transmission across Chemical Synapses 65
Show member pathways
 12.81 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA GABRB2 COMT ALDH2
3
Circadian entrainment 36
Show member pathways
 12.55 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD4 DRD2 DRD1 COMT
4
Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback onto cAMP Pathway 63
12.17 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1 CSNK1E
6
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 65
11.81 OPRM1 OPRD1 MAOA
7
Serotonergic synapse 36
11.79 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR3B GABRB2
8
Monoamine GPCRs 1
Show member pathways
 11.78 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
9
Long-term potentiation 36
Show member pathways
 11.77 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
10
Amphetamine addiction 36
Show member pathways
 11.7 SLC6A3 PDYN MAOA DRD2 DRD1 BDNF
11
Neurophysiological process Glutamate regulation of Dopamine D1A receptor signaling 22
Show member pathways
 11.63 PDYN GABRB2 DRD1 CSNK1E
12
Monoamine Transport 1
Show member pathways
 11.27 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA
13
Neurotransmitter Clearance In The Synaptic Cleft 65
Show member pathways
 10.75 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA COMT ALDH2
14
Dopamine metabolism 1
10.69 MAOA COMT
15
putrescine degradation III 1
Show member pathways
 10.64 MAOA ALDH2
16
noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation 1
Show member pathways
 10.64 MAOA COMT ALDH2
17
Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
Show member pathways
 10.53 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
18
Propranolol Pathway, Pharmacokinetics 60
10.45 MAOA ALDH2
Sources

GO Terms for Heroin Dependence

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Cellular components related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 integral component of plasma membrane GO:0005887 9.91 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRD1 HTR3B GABRB2
2 membrane raft GO:0045121 9.8 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRD1
3 axon GO:0030424 9.8 SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 COMT BDNF
4 neuron projection GO:0043005 9.8 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRD1 HTR3B GABRB2
5 postsynaptic membrane GO:0045211 9.76 OPRD1 HTR3B GABRB2 COMT
6 dendrite GO:0030425 9.7 PDYN OPRM1 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1 COMT
7 GABA-ergic synapse GO:0098982 9.65 GABRB2 DRD2 DRD1
8 axon terminus GO:0043679 9.61 PDYN OPRD1 DRD2
9 dopaminergic synapse GO:0098691 9.51 SLC6A3 DRD2
10 spine apparatus GO:0097444 9.37 OPRM1 OPRD1
11 integral component of postsynaptic membrane GO:0099055 9.35 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 DRD1
12 integral component of presynaptic membrane GO:0099056 9.1 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRD1 DRD2 DRD1

Biological processes related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 46)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 signal transduction GO:0007165 10.25 OPRM1 OPRD1 HTR3B GABRB2 DRD4 DRD2
2 chemical synaptic transmission GO:0007268 9.97 PDYN HTR3B GABRB2 DRD4
3 response to ethanol GO:0045471 9.87 SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2
4 neuropeptide signaling pathway GO:0007218 9.87 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1
5 memory GO:0007613 9.85 SLC6A4 DRD1 BDNF
6 locomotory behavior GO:0007626 9.81 SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 DRD1
7 synapse assembly GO:0007416 9.8 DRD2 DRD1 BDNF
8 response to drug GO:0042493 9.8 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 DRD2 DRD1 COMT BDNF
9 feeding behavior GO:0007631 9.75 DRD2 DRD1 BDNF
10 response to amphetamine GO:0001975 9.74 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
11 regulation of sensory perception of pain GO:0051930 9.71 OPRM1 OPRD1 COMT
12 response to iron ion GO:0010039 9.7 SLC6A3 DRD2
13 behavioral fear response GO:0001662 9.7 DRD4 DRD1 BDNF
14 negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity GO:1901386 9.69 DRD4 DRD2
15 phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0060158 9.69 DRD2 DRD1
16 neurotransmitter biosynthetic process GO:0042136 9.68 SLC6A4 SLC6A3
17 grooming behavior GO:0007625 9.68 DRD2 DRD1
18 striatum development GO:0021756 9.68 DRD2 DRD1
19 sensory perception GO:0007600 9.68 PDYN OPRM1
20 catecholamine metabolic process GO:0006584 9.67 MAOA COMT
21 dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007212 9.67 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
22 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger GO:0007187 9.67 OPRM1 OPRD1 DRD4 DRD1
23 dendrite extension GO:0097484 9.66 BDNF AUTS2
24 inhibitory postsynaptic potential GO:0060080 9.66 DRD4 BDNF
25 adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007191 9.65 OPRM1 DRD1
26 neurotransmitter catabolic process GO:0042135 9.65 MAOA COMT
27 opioid receptor signaling pathway GO:0038003 9.65 OPRM1 OPRD1
28 behavioral response to cocaine GO:0048148 9.65 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
29 peristalsis GO:0030432 9.64 DRD2 DRD1
30 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007195 9.64 DRD4 DRD2
31 adenohypophysis development GO:0021984 9.63 SLC6A3 DRD2
32 monoamine transport GO:0015844 9.63 SLC6A4 SLC6A3
33 synaptic transmission, dopaminergic GO:0001963 9.63 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
34 hyaloid vascular plexus regression GO:1990384 9.62 SLC6A3 DRD2
35 cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration GO:0021853 9.61 DRD2 DRD1
36 dopamine transport GO:0015872 9.61 SLC6A3 DRD1
37 prepulse inhibition GO:0060134 9.61 SLC6A3 DRD2 DRD1
38 regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission GO:0051584 9.59 DRD2 DRD1
39 fear response GO:0042596 9.58 DRD4 BDNF
40 behavioral response to ethanol GO:0048149 9.58 OPRM1 DRD4 DRD2
41 positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission GO:0051586 9.56 DRD4 DRD2
42 response to histamine GO:0034776 9.55 DRD4 DRD2
43 regulation of dopamine metabolic process GO:0042053 9.43 SLC6A3 DRD4 DRD1
44 dopamine catabolic process GO:0042420 9.33 SLC6A3 MAOA COMT
45 response to cocaine GO:0042220 9.26 SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 DRD1
46 dopamine metabolic process GO:0042417 8.92 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1 COMT

Molecular functions related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 neurotransmitter receptor activity GO:0030594 9.58 HTR3B GABRB2 DRD4
2 drug binding GO:0008144 9.54 SLC6A3 DRD4 DRD2
3 adrenergic receptor activity GO:0004935 9.43 DRD2 DRD1
4 opioid receptor activity GO:0004985 9.32 OPRM1 OPRD1
5 dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go GO:0001591 9.26 DRD4 DRD2
6 monoamine transmembrane transporter activity GO:0008504 9.16 SLC6A4 SLC6A3
7 dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity GO:0004952 9.13 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
8 dopamine binding GO:0035240 8.92 SLC6A3 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
Sources

Sources for Heroin Dependence

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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