Heroin Dependence disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: HRN003 MIFTS: 41	Heroin Dependence Categories: Mental diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Heroin Dependence

MalaCards integrated aliases for Heroin Dependence:

Name: Heroin Dependence ¹² ⁴⁴ ¹⁵ ⁷³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:9976

MeSH ⁴⁴ D006556

NCIt ⁵⁰ C34694

UMLS ⁷³ C0019337

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Summaries for Heroin Dependence

Disease Ontology : ¹² An opiate dependence that involves the continued use of heroin despite problems related to use of the substance.

MalaCards based summary : Heroin Dependence is related to antisocial personality disorder and personality disorder. An important gene associated with Heroin Dependence is MEG3 (Maternally Expressed 3), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Amphetamine addiction and Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Steady-State Microglia. The drugs Buprenorphine and Guaifenesin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, testes and cortex, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and nervous system

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Opioid use disorder is a problematic pattern of opioid use that causes significant impairment or... more...

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Related Diseases for Heroin Dependence

Diseases related to Heroin Dependence via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 61)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	antisocial personality disorder	30.3	ANKK1 DRD2
2	personality disorder	30.2	ANKK1 BDNF DRD2 DRD4
3	morphine dependence	29.9	OPRD1 OPRM1
4	mood disorder	29.7	BDNF DRD2 DRD4
5	major depressive disorder	29.7	BDNF DRD2 DRD4
6	schizophrenia	29.7	BDNF DRD2 DRD4 MIAT
7	alcohol abuse	29.5	ANKK1 BDNF DRD2 DRD4
8	substance abuse	29.5	BDNF DRD2 DRD4 MIAT
9	autism	29.4	AUTS2 BDNF DRD2 DRD4
10	cocaine dependence	29.4	DRD2 OPRD1 OPRM1 PDYN
11	substance dependence	29.4	BDNF DRD2 DRD4 OPRD1 OPRM1
12	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	29.3	ANKK1 BDNF DRD2 DRD4 OPRM1
13	disease of mental health	29.2	BDNF DRD2 DRD4 OPRM1 PDYN
14	depression	10.2
15	early-onset schizophrenia	10.2	BDNF DRD2
16	tic disorder	10.2	DRD2 DRD4
17	delusional disorder	10.2	DRD2 DRD4
18	neonatal abstinence syndrome	10.2	OPRD1 OPRM1
19	pathological gambling	10.2	DRD2 DRD4
20	oppositional defiant disorder	10.2	DRD2 DRD4
21	traumatic brain injury	10.2	BDNF DRD2
22	brain injury	10.1	BDNF DRD2
23	separation anxiety disorder	10.1	DRD4 OPRM1
24	taqi polymorphism	10.1	ANKK1 DRD2
25	alexithymia	10.1	ANKK1 DRD2
26	alpha thalassemia-intellectual disability syndrome type 1	10.1	BDNF DRD4
27	hepatitis	10.1
28	borderline personality disorder	10.1
29	migraine without aura	10.1	DRD2 DRD4
30	withdrawal disorder	10.1	OPRM1 PDYN
31	paranoid schizophrenia	10.1	BDNF MIAT
32	opioid addiction	10.1	DRD2 OPRD1 OPRM1
33	gilles de la tourette syndrome	10.1	BDNF DRD2 DRD4
34	psychotic disorder	10.0	BDNF DRD2 DRD4
35	tobacco addiction	10.0	ANKK1 DRD2 OPRM1
36	conduct disorder	10.0	DRD2 DRD4
37	pain agnosia	10.0	OPRM1 PDYN
38	agnosia	10.0	OPRM1 PDYN
39	impulse control disorder	10.0	ANKK1 DRD2 DRD4
40	sexual disorder	10.0
41	post-traumatic stress disorder	10.0
42	generalized anxiety disorder	10.0	BDNF DRD2
43	amnestic disorder	10.0	BDNF PDYN
44	opioid abuse	10.0	DRD2 OPRM1 PDYN
45	hepatitis c virus	9.9
46	hepatitis c	9.9
47	human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease	9.9
48	opiate dependence	9.8	DRD2 OPRD1 OPRM1 PDYN
49	specific developmental disorder	9.8	BDNF DRD4 OPRM1 PDYN
50	obsessive-compulsive disorder	9.8	BDNF DRD2 DRD4 PDYN

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Heroin Dependence:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Heroin Dependence

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Heroin Dependence:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	9.7	AUTS2 BDNF DRD2 DRD4 OPRD1 OPRM1
2	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.5	AUTS2 BDNF DRD2 DRD4 OPRD1 OPRM1
3	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	9.1	AUTS2 BDNF DRD2 OPRD1 OPRM1 PDYN

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Heroin Dependence

Drugs for Heroin Dependence (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 111)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Buprenorphine

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

52485-79-7

40400 644073

Guaifenesin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

93-14-1

3516

Methadone

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

76-99-3

4095

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

51-61-6, 62-31-7

681

Naloxone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

465-65-6

5284596

Buspirone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

36505-84-7

2477

Naltrexone

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

16590-41-3

5360515

Heroin

Illicit, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

561-27-3

5462328

Chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine drug combination

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Respiratory System Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Analgesics, Opioid

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antitussive Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Analgesics

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Narcotic Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Narcotics

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Serotonin Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3

Opiate Alkaloids

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Tranquilizing Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Dopamine Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Anti-Anxiety Agents

Phase 4

Serotonin

Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 4,Phase 3

50-67-9

5202

Mirtazapine

Approved

Phase 3

61337-67-5, 85650-52-8

4205

Amphetamine

Approved, Illicit, Investigational

Phase 3

300-62-9

5826 3007

Histamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

51-45-6, 75614-87-8

774

Mianserin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

24219-97-4

4184

Minocycline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

10118-90-8

5281021

Morphine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

57-27-2

5288826

Memantine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

19982-08-2

4054

Hydromorphone

Approved, Illicit

Phase 3

466-99-9

5284570

Clonidine

Approved

Phase 3,Phase 1

4205-90-7

2803

Imidacloprid

Vet_approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

105827-78-9

86418

Sympathomimetics

Phase 3

Autonomic Agents

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Serotonin Antagonists

Phase 3

Histamine H1 Antagonists

Phase 3

Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Histamine Antagonists

Phase 3

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 3

Histamine Phosphate

Phase 3

51-74-1

65513

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation

Phase 3

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists

Phase 3,Phase 1

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

Adrenergic Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Adrenergic Antagonists

Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 94)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Transfer From Methadone to Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment Using Buprenorphine Patches	Unknown status	NCT00750217	Phase 4	Buprenorphine patch and sublingual tablets
2	A Stepwise Strategy Utilizing Buprenorphine and Methadone	Completed	NCT00310934	Phase 4	methadone;buprenorphine / methadone sequence
3	Buprenorphine/Naloxone in the Treatment of Heroin Dependence - 14	Completed	NCT00015340	Phase 4	Buprenorphine/naloxone
4	Effects of Buspirone in Opiate Withdrawal	Completed	NCT00326235	Phase 4	Buspirone
5	Depot Naltrexone Mechanism of Action in Heroin Dependent Patients Using fMRI and SPECT	Completed	NCT01471145	Phase 4	Naltrexone
6	Extended-Release Naltrexone Opioid Treatment at Jail Re-Entry	Recruiting	NCT01999946	Phase 4	Extended-Release Naltrexone
7	Biomarkers of Injectable Extended Release Naltrexone Treatment	Active, not recruiting	NCT02324725	Phase 4	Naltrexone
8	Mirtazapine as a Treatment for Co-Occurring Opioid and ATS Dependence in Malaysia	Unknown status	NCT02541526	Phase 3	Mirtazapine;Placebo
9	An Open-label Study of Oral Paliparidone for the Treatment of Patients With Co-occurring Opioid and ATS Dependence	Unknown status	NCT02541513	Phase 3	paliparidone
10	An Open Label Study of Oral Minocycline for the Treatment of Patients With Co-occurring Opioid and ATS Dependence	Unknown status	NCT02541500	Phase 3	Minocycline
11	Memantine as a Supplement to Naltrexone in Treating Heroin Dependence	Completed	NCT00476242	Phase 2, Phase 3	Vivitrol;memantine
12	Reinforcing Effects of Intranasal (IN) Buprenorphine Versus Buprenorphine/Naloxone	Completed	NCT01760473	Phase 3	Intranasal challenge drug
13	Behavioral Naltrexone Therapy for Promoting Adherence to Oral Naltrexone vs Extended Release Injectable Depot Naltrexone	Completed	NCT00577408	Phase 3	depot naltrexone;Oral Naltrexone
14	Study Comparing Liquid and Tablet Buprenorphine Formulations - 5	Completed	NCT00000302	Phase 3	Buprenorphine
15	Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment of Opioid Dependence in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT00684554	Phase 2, Phase 3	Buprenorphine
16	Directly Administered HIV Therapy in Methadone Clinics	Completed	NCT00279110	Phase 2, Phase 3
17	Study to Assess Longer-term Opioid Medication Effectiveness (SALOME)	Completed	NCT01447212	Phase 3	Hydromorphone, Injectable;Diacetylmorphine, injectable;Hydromorphone, liquid oral;Diacetylmorphine, liquid oral
18	Buprenorphine for Prisoners	Completed	NCT00574067	Phase 3	Buprenorphine +OTP;Buprenorphine +CHC;Counseling +OTP;Counseling +CHC
19	Methadone Maintenance for Prisoners	Completed	NCT00378079	Phase 3	Counseling + Transfer;Counseling + Methadone
20	Buprenorphine and Naloxone for the Treatment of Opiate Dependence - 1	Completed	NCT00015171	Phase 3	Buprenorphine/naloxone
21	Buprenorphine/Naloxone Versus Clonidine for Outpatient Opiate Detoxification - 1	Completed	NCT00032968	Phase 3	Buprenorphine/naloxone
22	Buprenorphine/Naloxone Versus Clonidine for Inpatient Opiate Detoxification - 1	Completed	NCT00032955	Phase 3	Buprenorphine/naloxone
23	Behavioral Drug and HIV Risk Reduction Counseling With MMT in China	Completed	NCT01389180	Phase 3
24	ALK21-013: Efficacy and Safety of Medisorb® Naltrexone (VIVITROL®) in Adults With Opioid Dependence	Completed	NCT00678418	Phase 3	VIVITROL® 380 mg;Placebo
25	Buprenorphine Stabilization and Induction Onto Vivitrol for Heroin-dependent Individuals	Recruiting	NCT03711318	Phase 3	Buprenorphine/naloxone
26	The Effectiveness of Deep Brain Stimulation for Opioid Relapse Prevention	Recruiting	NCT02440152	Phase 2, Phase 3
27	Addiction Treatment in Russia: Oral vs. Naltrexone Implant	Active, not recruiting	NCT00218426	Phase 2, Phase 3	naltrexone implant;Oral naltrexone;placebo oral and placebo implant
28	Change the Cycle: An RCT to Prevent Injection Initiation	Active, not recruiting	NCT02774954	Phase 3
29	Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy (DAART) Among HIV-1infected Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) in Chennai, India	Withdrawn	NCT00709007	Phase 2, Phase 3
30	Community Reinforcement and Family Training for Drug Abuse Treatment Retention/HIV Risk Reduction	Unknown status	NCT00609089	Phase 1, Phase 2
31	Counseling Conditions for Buprenorphine in a Primary Care Clinic - 1	Unknown status	NCT00023283	Phase 2	Buprenorphine
32	Treatment of Opioid/Heroin Dependence: Comparison of Three Medication Dosing Regimens	Completed	NCT00218127	Phase 2	Levoacetyl Methadol;Levoacetyl Methadol;Levoacetyl Methadol
33	Behavioral Naltrexone Therapy: A Novel Treatment for Heroin Dependence	Completed	NCT00332228	Phase 2	depot naltrexone;BNT
34	Naltrexone and Adrenergic Agents to Reduce Heroin Use in Heroin Addicts	Completed	NCT00142948	Phase 2	Naltrexone;Placebo
35	Opiate Dependence: Combined Naltrexone/Behavior Therapy - 1	Completed	NCT00238914	Phase 2	Naltrexone
36	Effects of Dynorphin 1-13 on Heroin Addiction - 1	Completed	NCT00000244	Phase 2	Dynorphin 1 - 13
37	Study of Computer-Based Treatment for Drug Dependence	Completed	NCT01315184	Phase 2
38	Treatment Efficacy for Drug Abuse and AIDS Prevention - 2	Completed	NCT00000211	Phase 2	Buprenorphine
39	Treatment Efficacy for Drug Abuse and AIDS Prevention - 1	Completed	NCT00000210	Phase 2	Buprenorphine
40	Addition of Naltrexone to Methadone Taper	Completed	NCT00135759	Phase 2	Naltrexone;Placebo comparator;naltrexone;naltrexone
41	A Laboratory Model for Heroin Abuse Medications - 8	Completed	NCT00000273	Phase 2	opiates
42	Atomoxetine for ATS and Opioid Dependence During Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment in Malaysia	Completed	NCT01863251	Phase 2	Atomoxetine
43	Adherence to HIV Therapy in Heroin Addicts: Oral vs XR-NTX	Completed	NCT01101815	Phase 2	Oral Naltrexone;Naltrexone Implant
44	The Efficacy of Methadyl Acetate (LAAM) and Contingency Management Procedures for Treating Dual Opioid and Cocaine Abuse - 1	Completed	NCT00158288	Phase 2
45	Pioglitazone for Heroin and for Nicotine Dependence	Terminated	NCT01395797	Phase 1, Phase 2	PIO;Placebo
46	Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence-Experiment 1 - 1	Withdrawn	NCT00000326	Phase 2	Heroin Dependence
47	Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence-Experiment I(2) - 2	Withdrawn	NCT00000327	Phase 2	Heroin Dependence
48	Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence-Experiment II-3 - 6	Withdrawn	NCT00000331	Phase 2	Test Drug;Placebo Drug
49	Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence-Experiment II-2 - 5	Withdrawn	NCT00000330	Phase 2	Opioid-Related Disorders
50	Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence-Experiment II-1 - 4	Withdrawn	NCT00000329	Phase 2	Opioid-Related Disorders

Search NIH Clinical Center for Heroin Dependence

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷³ / NDF-RT ⁵¹ :

buprenorphine

buprenorphine hydrochloride

Cochrane evidence based reviews: heroin dependence

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Genetic Tests for Heroin Dependence

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Anatomical Context for Heroin Dependence

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Heroin Dependence:

⁴¹

Brain, Testes, Cortex, Pituitary, Prefrontal Cortex, Spinal Cord

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Publications for Heroin Dependence

Articles related to Heroin Dependence:

(show top 50) (show all 228)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	OPRD1 gene affects disease vulnerability and environmental stress in patients with heroin dependence in Han Chinese. ( 30171993 )	Huang CC...Huang SY	2019
2	The long-term impact of post traumatic stress disorder on recovery from heroin dependence. ( 29706174 )	Mills K.L....Teesson M.	2018
3	Association between stress pathway gene (CRHR1as^CRHBP) polymorphisms and heroin dependence. ( 29853227 )	Su H....Zhao M.	2018
4	Opioid Receptors Gene Polymorphism and Heroin Dependence in Iran. ( 29967669 )	Soleimani Asl S....Mehdizadeh M.	2018
5	A 35.8 kilobases haplotype spanning ANKK1 and DRD2 is associated with heroin dependence in Han Chinese males. ( 29550268 )		2018
6	Altered gray matter volume and disrupted functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in men with heroin dependence. ( 29582514 )		2018
7	Risk of Heroin Dependence in Newly Incident Heroin Users. ( 29847618 )		2018
8	GRK5 Is Associated with the Regulation of Methadone Dosage in Heroin Dependence. ( 30060048 )	Wang SC...Liu YL	2018
9	NGF gene polymorphisms are not associated with heroin dependence in a Taiwanese male population. ( 30070410 )	Tsou CC...Huang SY	2018
10	Prevalence of Deliberate Self-harm Among Chinese Patients With Heroin Dependence: A Meta-Analysis. ( 30072926 )	Zhong BL...Lu J	2018
11	Genetic association analyses and meta-analysis of Dynorphin-Kappa Opioid system potential functional variants with heroin dependence. ( 30138645 )	Yuanyuan J...Shuguang W	2018
12	Treatment of an HIV-affected adolescent with heroin dependence in a low-income country: A clinical case study from Zambia. ( 30505923 )	Akiba C...Murray LK	2018
13	Contribution of Genetic Polymorphisms and Haplotypes in DRD2, BDNF, and Opioid Receptors to Heroin Dependence and Endophenotypes Among the Han Chinese. ( 28692418 )	Gao X....Wang W.	2017
14	Neural Correlates of Drug-Related Attentional Bias in Heroin Dependence. ( 29410620 )	Zhao Q....Liu Q.	2017
15	Co-occurring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in adults affected by heroin dependence: Patients characteristics and treatment needs. ( 28473157 )		2017
16	DRD2 and ANKK1 genes associate with late-onset heroin dependence in men. ( 28854834 )		2017
17	A novel inhibitor of endocannabinoid catabolic enzymes sheds light on behind the scene interplay between chronic pain, analgesic tolerance, and heroin dependence. ( 27890603 )		2017
18	Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of unsupervised buprenorphine-naloxone for the treatment of heroin dependence in a randomized waitlist controlled trial. ( 28371689 )		2017
19	Influence of Duration of Heroin Dependence on Humoral Immunologic Indicators. ( 27610581 )	Simonovska N....Trenchevska-Siljanovska L.	2016
20	Association between dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of heroin dependence. ( 27819741 )	Wang N....Li S.B.	2016
21	Genome-Wide Association of Heroin Dependence in Han Chinese. ( 27936112 )	Kalsi G....Breen G.	2016
22	Polymorphisms in the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B gene are associated with heroin dependence in the Chinese Han population. ( 27773795 )	Yin F....Wei S.	2016
23	Heroin craving and its correlations with clinical outcome indicators in people with heroin dependence receiving methadone maintenance treatment. ( 26773990 )		2016
24	Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and heroin dependence: a meta-analytic study. ( 27942217 )		2016
25	Variants of opioid system genes are associated with non-dependent opioid use and heroin dependence. ( 27664554 )		2016
26	Neural correlates of adherence to extended-release naltrexone pharmacotherapy in heroin dependence. ( 25781230 )	Wang A.L....Langleben D.D.	2015
27	Long-term mortality, remission, criminality and psychiatric comorbidity of heroin dependence: 11-year findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study. ( 25619110 )	Teesson M....Mills K.L.	2015
28	QTc Prolongation in Veterans With Heroin Dependence on Methadone Maintenance Treatment. ( 26097838 )	Hassamal S....Pandurangi A.	2015
29	Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and psychotic symptoms in heroin dependence. ( 26343470 )	Han B....He J.C.	2015
30	Changes in neurocognition and adherence over six months in HIV-infected individuals with cocaine or heroin dependence. ( 25484035 )	Anderson A.M....Waldrop-Valverde D.	2015
31	Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in dopamine receptor D1 are associated with heroin dependence but not impulsive behavior. ( 25966176 )	Liu J.H....Zhu Y.S.	2015
32	Acknowledging Heroin Dependence as a Preventable Pediatric Chronic Medical Condition. ( 26163081 )	Hsiao R.C....Walker L.R.	2015
33	Association between variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in the promoter region of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene and susceptibility to heroin dependence. ( 26298506 )		2015
34	MalmAP Treatment Referral and Intervention Study (MATRIS)-effective referral from syringe exchange to treatment for heroin dependence: a pilot randomized controlled trial. ( 26613636 )		2015
35	Predictors of non-use of illicit heroin in opioid injection maintenance treatment of long-term heroin dependence. ( 25452049 )		2015
36	Evidence for the contribution of genetic variations in regulator of G protein signaling 9 to the genetic susceptibility of heroin dependence. ( 25591550 )		2015
37	GABRB2 Haplotype Association with Heroin Dependence in Chinese Population. ( 26561861 )		2015
38	Comparative gene expression profiling analysis of lymphoblastoid cells reveals neuron-specific enolase gene (ENO2) as a susceptibility gene of heroin dependence. ( 21995595 )	Liao D.L....Chen C.H.	2014
39	Use of contingency management incentives to improve completion of hepatitis B vaccination in people undergoing treatment for heroin dependence: a cluster randomised trial. ( 24725468 )	Weaver T....Strang J.	2014
40	Association analysis of GABRB3 promoter variants with heroin dependence. ( 25025424 )	Chen C.H....Liao D.L.	2014
41	Association between VNTR polymorphism in promoter region of prodynorphin (PDYN) gene and heroin dependence. ( 25048760 )	Saify K....Saadat M.	2014
42	Factors associated with one year retention to methadone maintenance treatment program among patients with heroin dependence in China. ( 24565169 )	Jiang H....Zhao M.	2014
43	[Association study of CNR1, GAD1 and BDNF polymorphisms with male heroin dependence in the Dai population in Yunnan]. ( 25252306 )	Yang Y....Cheng B.W.	2014
44	Excessive suicide mortality and risk factors for suicide among patients with heroin dependence. ( 25456334 )		2014
45	Chronic heroin dependence leading to adrenal insufficiency. ( 25221675 )		2014
46	Comparative study of the perceived quality of life of patients in treatment for cocaine and heroin dependence in Spain: differences by gender and time in treatment. ( 24712297 )		2014
47	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 is associated with heroin dependence but not depression or schizophrenia in a Chinese population. ( 24498053 )		2014
48	The effect of heroin dependence on resumption of heroin self-administration in rats. ( 24613630 )		2014
49	Gender sameness and difference in recovery from heroin dependence: A qualitative exploration. ( 24041800 )		2014
50	Association of OPRD1 polymorphisms with heroin dependence in a large case-control series. ( 22500942 )		2014

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Genes for Heroin Dependence

Genes related to Heroin Dependence (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	MEG3	Maternally Expressed 3	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Mutation ³⁹	21128942
2	MIAT	Myocardial Infarction Associated Transcript	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁹	21128942
3	OPRM1	Opioid Receptor Mu 1	Protein Coding	24.56	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	24.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	OPRD1	Opioid Receptor Delta 1	Protein Coding	24.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	DRD4	Dopamine Receptor D4	Protein Coding	23.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	ANKK1	Ankyrin Repeat And Kinase Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	23.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	AUTS2	AUTS2, Activator Of Transcription And Developmental Regulator	Protein Coding	23.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	PDYN	Prodynorphin	Protein Coding	23.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	BDNF	Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	22.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

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Variations for Heroin Dependence

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Expression for Heroin Dependence

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Heroin Dependence.

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Pathways for Heroin Dependence

Pathways related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Amphetamine addiction ³⁷ Show member pathways Cocaine addiction ³⁷	10.87	BDNF DRD2 PDYN
2	Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Steady-State Microglia ⁶⁵	10.61	BDNF DRD2

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GO Terms for Heroin Dependence

Cellular components related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	integral component of presynaptic membrane	GO:0099056	9.43	DRD2 OPRD1 OPRM1
2	integral component of postsynaptic membrane	GO:0099055	9.37	DRD2 OPRM1
3	axon terminus	GO:0043679	9.33	DRD2 OPRD1 PDYN
4	dendrite membrane	GO:0032590	9.32	OPRD1 OPRM1
5	dendrite	GO:0030425	9.02	BDNF DRD2 DRD4 OPRM1 PDYN
6	spine apparatus	GO:0097444	8.96	OPRD1 OPRM1

Biological processes related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 24)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	9.92	DRD2 DRD4 OPRD1 OPRM1 PDYN
2	synapse assembly	GO:0007416	9.62	BDNF DRD2
3	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007193	9.61	OPRD1 OPRM1
4	phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007200	9.61	OPRD1 OPRM1
5	neuropeptide signaling pathway	GO:0007218	9.61	OPRD1 OPRM1 PDYN
6	adult locomotory behavior	GO:0008344	9.6	DRD4 OPRD1
7	response to cocaine	GO:0042220	9.59	DRD2 OPRM1
8	response to amphetamine	GO:0001975	9.58	DRD2 DRD4
9	regulation of sensory perception of pain	GO:0051930	9.58	OPRD1 OPRM1
10	response to morphine	GO:0043278	9.57	DRD2 OPRM1
11	positive regulation of neurogenesis	GO:0050769	9.56	DRD2 OPRM1
12	arachidonic acid secretion	GO:0050482	9.55	DRD2 DRD4
13	eating behavior	GO:0042755	9.54	OPRD1 OPRM1
14	behavioral response to cocaine	GO:0048148	9.51	DRD2 DRD4
15	dopamine receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007212	9.49	DRD2 DRD4
16	negative regulation of protein secretion	GO:0050709	9.48	DRD2 DRD4
17	dopamine metabolic process	GO:0042417	9.46	DRD2 DRD4
18	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	GO:0007187	9.43	DRD4 OPRD1 OPRM1
19	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007195	9.4	DRD2 DRD4
20	negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity	GO:1901386	9.37	DRD2 DRD4
21	opioid receptor signaling pathway	GO:0038003	9.32	OPRD1 OPRM1
22	positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:0051586	9.16	DRD2 DRD4
23	response to histamine	GO:0034776	8.96	DRD2 DRD4
24	behavioral response to ethanol	GO:0048149	8.8	DRD2 DRD4 OPRM1

Molecular functions related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	G protein-coupled receptor activity	GO:0004930	9.67	DRD2 DRD4 OPRD1 OPRM1
2	neuropeptide binding	GO:0042923	9.32	OPRD1 OPRM1
3	dopamine binding	GO:0035240	9.26	DRD2 DRD4
4	opioid receptor activity	GO:0004985	9.16	OPRD1 OPRM1
5	dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go	GO:0001591	8.96	DRD2 DRD4
6	dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity	GO:0004952	8.62	DRD2 DRD4

Sources

Sources for Heroin Dependence

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia

Heroin Dependence

Aliases & Classifications for Heroin Dependence

MalaCards integrated aliases for Heroin Dependence:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Heroin Dependence

Related Diseases for Heroin Dependence

Diseases related to Heroin Dependence via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Heroin Dependence:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Heroin Dependence

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Heroin Dependence:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Heroin Dependence

Drugs for Heroin Dependence (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 73 / NDF-RT 51 :

Cochrane evidence based reviews: heroin dependence

Genetic Tests for Heroin Dependence

Anatomical Context for Heroin Dependence

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Heroin Dependence:

Publications for Heroin Dependence

Articles related to Heroin Dependence:

Genes for Heroin Dependence

Genes related to Heroin Dependence (0 elite genes):

Variations for Heroin Dependence

Expression for Heroin Dependence

Pathways for Heroin Dependence

Pathways related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

GO Terms for Heroin Dependence

Cellular components related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Heroin Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Heroin Dependence

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷³ / NDF-RT ⁵¹ :