Herpes Zoster

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Disease Ontology 11 DOID:8536 ICD9CM 34 053 MeSH 43 D006562 NCIt 49 C71079 SNOMED-CT 68 186514003

ICD10 31 B02 B02.2 B02.8 B02.9 more EFO 16 EFO_0006510 ICD11 33 1659043996 415880883 523481501 523481501/other 523481501/unspecified more UMLS 71 C0019360

MedlinePlus: ⁴¹ What is shingles? Shingles is an outbreak of rash or blisters on the skin. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus - the same virus that causes chickenpox. After you have chickenpox, the virus stays in your body. It may not cause problems for many years. But as you get older, the virus may reappear as shingles. Is shingles contagious? Shingles is not contagious. But you can catch chickenpox from someone with shingles. If you've never had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine, try to stay away from anyone who has shingles. If you have shingles, try to stay away from anyone who has not had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine, or anyone who might have a weak immune system. Who is at risk for shingles? Anyone who has had chickenpox is at risk for getting shingles. But this risk goes up as you get older; shingles is most common in people over age 50. People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of getting shingles. This includes those who: Have immune system diseases such as HIV/AIDS Have certain cancers Take immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant Your immune system may be weaker when you have an infection or are stressed. This can raise your risk of shingles. It is rare, but possible, to get shingles more than once. What are the symptoms of shingles? Early signs of shingles include burning or shooting pain and tingling or itching. It is usually on one side of the body or face. The pain can be mild to severe. One to 14 days later, you will get a rash. It consists of blisters that typically scab over in 7 to 10 days. The rash is usually a single stripe around either the left or the right side of the body. In other cases, the rash occurs on one side of the face. In rare cases (usually among people with weakened immune systems), the rash may be more widespread and look similar to a chickenpox rash. Some people may also have other symptoms: Fever Headache Chills Upset stomach What other problems can shingles cause? Shingles can cause complications: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is most common complication of shingles. It causes severe pain in the areas where you had the shingles rash. It usually gets better in a few weeks or months. But some people can have pain from PHN for many years, and it can interfere with daily life. Vision loss can happen if shingles affects your eye. It may be temporary or permanent. Hearing or balance problems are possible if you have shingles within or near your ear. You may also have weakness of the muscles on that side of your face. These problems can be temporary or permanent. Very rarely, shingles can also lead to pneumonia, brain inflammation (encephalitis), or death. How is shingles diagnosed? Usually your health care provider can diagnose shingles by taking your medical history and looking at your rash. In some cases, your provider may scrap off tissue from the rash or swab some fluid from the blisters and send the sample to a lab for testing. What are the treatments for shingles? There is no cure for shingles. Antiviral medicines may help to make the attack shorter and less severe. They may also help prevent PHN. The medicines are most effective if you can take them within 3 days after the rash appears. So if you think you might have shingles, contact your health care provider as soon as possible. Pain relievers may also help with the pain. A cool washcloth, calamine lotion, and oatmeal baths may help relieve some of the itching. Can shingles be prevented? There are vaccines to prevent shingles or lessen its effects. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that healthy adults 50 years and older get the Shingrix vaccine. You need two doses of the vaccine, given 2 to 6 months apart. Another vaccine, Zostavax, may be used in certain cases.

MalaCards based summary: Herpes Zoster, also known as shingles, is related to exanthem and chickenpox, and has symptoms including fever, paresthesia and headache. An important gene associated with Herpes Zoster is DPYD (Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and Disease. The drugs Bupivacaine and Pregabalin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include nerve fiber, skin and t cells, and related phenotypes are Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) and nervous system

MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² Shingles (also known as herpes zoster) results from infection by the varicella zoster virus. This common virus causes chickenpox (also known as varicella), which is characterized by itchy spots on the skin that cover the whole body and usually occurs in childhood or adolescence. After the body fights the initial infection, the varicella zoster virus remains in nerve cells for the rest of a person's life. Because the virus is controlled by immune system cells called T cells, it is generally inactive (latent) and typically causes no health problems. However, in some people, the virus becomes active again (reactivates) and causes shingles. Shingles can occur at any age, although it is rare in childhood and becomes more common after age 50.Shingles is characterized by a severely painful, itchy, or tingling rash, most commonly on one side of the torso, although it can occur anywhere on the body. Reactivation of the virus usually occurs in a single nerve, leading to the symptoms of shingles in just the region of skin connected to that nerve. When the nerve connected to the eye and the skin surrounding it is affected, the condition is called herpes zoster ophthalmicus. This form of shingles, which accounts for about 20 percent of cases, can cause permanent vision impairment.Some individuals with shingles feel throbbing or tingling in the affected region shortly before the rash appears. Blisters form in the rash area, break open, and scab over in a few days. Healing usually takes 2 to 4 weeks. Most people have only one episode of shingles, although it can recur in rare cases.In 5 to 20 percent of people with shingles, severe pain continues in the affected region after healing of the rash, which is known as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). PHN is the most common complication of shingles. It can also involve severe itchiness or an overactive pain response to things that do not usually cause pain (allodynia), such as a light touch. PHN can last weeks, months, or even years. The likelihood of developing PHN after shingles and its severity increase with age. The pain caused by shingles and PHN can disrupt day-to-day activities and reduce a person's quality of life.

NINDS: ⁵² Shingles (herpes zoster) is an outbreak of rash or blisters on the skin that is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox — the varicella-zoster virus. The first sign of shingles is often burning or tingling pain (which can be severe), or sometimes numbness or itch,generally on one side of the body. After several days or a week, a rash of fluid-filled blisters, similar to chickenpox, appears in one area on one side of the body. Shingles pain can be mild or intense.  Some people have mostly itching; some feel pain from the gentlest touch or breeze.  The most common location for shingles is a band, called a dermatome, spanning one side of the trunk around the waistline. Anyone who has had chickenpox is at risk for shingles.  Scientists think that some of the virus particles from the original exposure to the varicella-zoster virus,leave the skin blisters and move into the nervous system.  When the varicella-zoster virus reactivates, the virus moves back down the long nerve fibers that extend from the sensory cell bodies to the skin.  The viruses multiply, the tell-tale rash erupts, and the person now has shingles.

PubMed Health : ⁶³ Shingles: Anyone who has already had chickenpox is at risk of developing shingles later on. Both are caused by the same virus, the varicella-zoster virus. This virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body after a chickenpox infection. But it can become active again years later and cause shingles (herpes zoster): a rash with blisters that usually forms a band across the skin and is often very painful. The rash normally only affects one side of the body. People who have been vaccinated against chickenpox can still get shingles. But this is thought to be less common than developing it after having chickenpox. Shingles is particularly common in older people. Although it can be very unpleasant, it’s usually over in about two to four weeks if there are no complications. Shingles is contagious, but only for people who have never had chickenpox. In that case the infection only causes chickenpox, and not shingles.

CDC: ² Shingles is a painful rash that usually develops on one side of the body, often the face or torso. The rash consists of blisters that typically scab over in 7 to 10 days and clears up within 2 to 4 weeks. Some people describe the pain as an intense burning sensation. For some people, the pain can last for months or even years after the rash goes away. This long-lasting pain is called postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), and it is the most common complication of shingles. Your risk of getting shingles and PHN increases as you get older. Two vaccines are licensed and recommended to prevent shingles in the U.S.. Zoster vaccine live (ZVL, Zostavax) has been in use since 2006. Recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV, Shingrix), has been in use since 2017 and is recommended by ACIP as the preferred shingles vaccine

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in nerve fiber, has material basis in Human herpesvirus 3, which reactivates after appearing as chickenpox in childhood. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with the rash, which can develop into chickenpox in newly-infected individuals. The infection has symptom rash which is followed by blisters, has symptom headache, has symptom fever, has symptom malaise, has symptom itching, has symptom burning pain, and has symptom paresthesia.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Shingles, also known as zoster or herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash... more...

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	no effect	GR00402-S-1	10.11	APOE CCR5 CD8A DHFR DPYD FCGR3A
2	no effect	GR00402-S-2	10.11	APOE CCR5 DHFR DPYD HCP5 HLA-A
3	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-105	10	IFNA1 IFNA2
4	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-118	10	HLA-A HLA-B
5	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-127	10	IFNA2
6	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-14	10	IFNA1
7	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-145	10	IFNA1
8	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-167	10	IFNA2
9	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-168	10	IFNA1 IFNA2
10	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-175	10	IFNA1
11	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-184	10	IFNA2
12	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-209	10	IFNA1
13	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-25	10	IFNA2
14	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-29	10	IFNA2
15	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-61	10	IFNA1
16	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-62	10	IFNA2
17	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-74	10	HLA-A HLA-B
18	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-78	10	IFNA1
19	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-79	10	IFNA1
20	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-8	10	IFNA1

Pain and fever can be relieved with medication such as acetaminophen (paracetamol) or acetylsalicylic acid (the drug in medicines like Aspirin ). Prescription painkillers are sometimes used to relieve more severe pain. Thorough skin care is recommended if you have shingles . Antiseptic or anti-itch lotions, gels and powders are often used to relieve the itching and dry out the blisters . Most of them contain tanins, zinc , menthol or polidocanol . If blisters have already formed, people are sometimes advised to use cooling wraps. But there’s no good scientific research on how well these treatments work. Drugs that fight viruses can be used in people who are over 50 or have a weakened immune system , if the condition is very severe, affects the head and neck area, or there is a higher risk of complications. This is known as "antiviral therapy ." Using antiviral medication early on can help speed up recovery and make the pain go away faster. So people are advised to start antiviral therapy no later than 72 hours after the rash starts. In severe cases the medicine can also be given through a drip into a vein (intravenous infusion ). If the ear is affected, steroids are often used too. But it still isn’t clear what pros and cons this kind of combination therapy may have.

Search NIH Clinical Center for Herpes Zoster

Acyclovir Acyclovir Sodium CAPSACIAN PWDR Capsaicin CAPSAICIN PWDR Capsicum extract

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Herpes Zoster.