Hirschsprung Disease 1 (HSCR1)

External Ids:

MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² Hirschsprung disease is an intestinal disorder characterized by the absence of nerves in parts of the intestine. This condition occurs when the nerves in the intestine (enteric nerves) do not form properly during development before birth (embryonic development). This condition is usually identified in the first two months of life, although less severe cases may be diagnosed later in childhood.Enteric nerves trigger the muscle contractions that move stool through the intestine. Without these nerves in parts of the intestine, the material cannot be pushed through, causing severe constipation or complete blockage of the intestine in people with Hirschsprung disease. Other signs and symptoms of this condition include vomiting, abdominal pain or swelling, diarrhea, poor feeding, malnutrition, and slow growth. People with this disorder are at risk of developing more serious conditions such as inflammation of the intestine (enterocolitis) or a hole in the wall of the intestine (intestinal perforation), which can cause serious infection and may be fatal.There are two main types of Hirschsprung disease, known as short-segment disease and long-segment disease, which are defined by the region of the intestine lacking nerve cells. In short-segment disease, nerve cells are missing from only the last segment of the large intestine (colon). This type is most common, occurring in approximately 80 percent of people with Hirschsprung disease. For unknown reasons, short-segment disease is four times more common in men than in women. Long-segment disease occurs when nerve cells are missing from most of the large intestine and is the more severe type. Long-segment disease is found in approximately 20 percent of people with Hirschsprung disease and affects men and women equally. Very rarely, nerve cells are missing from the entire large intestine and sometimes part of the small intestine (total colonic aganglionosis) or from all of the large and small intestine (total intestinal aganglionosis).Hirschsprung disease can occur in combination with other conditions, such as Waardenburg syndrome, type IV; Mowat-Wilson syndrome; or congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. These cases are described as syndromic. Hirschsprung disease can also occur without other conditions, and these cases are referred to as isolated or nonsyndromic.

MalaCards based summary: Hirschsprung Disease 1, also known as hirschsprung disease, is related to mowat-wilson syndrome and waardenburg syndrome, type 4a. An important gene associated with Hirschsprung Disease 1 is RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signal Transduction and RET signaling. The drugs Acidophilus and Cola have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include colon, small intestine and thyroid, and related phenotypes are nausea and vomiting and constipation

GARD: ¹⁹ Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a disease of the large intestine or colon. People with this disease do not have the nerve cells in the intestine required to pass stools from the body normally. Symptoms of Hirschsprung disease usually start in very young children, but may occur later. The symptoms may vary with age, but often involve constipation and/or obstruction of the bowel. Other signs and symptoms include vomiting, abdominal pain or swelling, diarrhea, poor feeding, malnutrition, and slow growth. There are two main types of Hirschsprung disease, known as short-segment disease and long-segment disease, defined by the region of the intestine lacking nerve cells (aganglionic segments). HSCR is considered a neurocristopathy, a disorder of cells and tissues derived from the neural crest, (a group of embryonic cells of the neural tube that forms several structures, of the body). HSCR may occur as an isolated finding or as part of a another disorder. Isolated HSCR is associated with genetic changes in several genes.

OMIM®: ⁵⁷ The disorder described by Hirschsprung (1888) and known as Hirschsprung disease or aganglionic megacolon is characterized by congenital absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the myenteric (Auerbach) and submucosal (Meissner) plexuses of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients are diagnosed with the short-segment form (S-HSCR, approximately 80% of cases) when the aganglionic segment does not extend beyond the upper sigmoid, and with the long-segment form (L-HSCR) when aganglionosis extends proximal to the sigmoid (Amiel et al., 2008). Total colonic aganglionosis and total intestinal HSCR also occur. (142623) (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ⁷³ A disorder of neural crest development characterized by absence of enteric ganglia along a variable length of the intestine. It is the most common cause of congenital intestinal obstruction. Early symptoms range from complete acute neonatal obstruction, characterized by vomiting, abdominal distention and failure to pass stool, to chronic constipation in the older child.

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ A rare congenital intestinal motility disorder that is characterized by signs of intestinal obstruction due to the presence of an aganglionic segment of variable extent in the terminal part of the colon.

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A megacolon that is characterized by a blockage of the large intestine due to improper muscle movement in the bowel.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Hirschsprung's disease (HD or HSCR) is a birth defect in which nerves are missing from parts of the... more...

Clinical features from OMIM®:

Search NIH Clinical Center for Hirschsprung Disease 1