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HPRL
MCID: HYP020
MIFTS: 63

Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL)

Categories: Blood diseases, Endocrine diseases, Genetic diseases, Metabolic diseases, Rare diseases, Reproductive diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Hyperprolactinemia

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Hyperprolactinemia:

Name: Hyperprolactinemia 58 12 77 76 38 30 56 6 45 15 17 74
Chiari-Frommel Syndrome 12 77 54 45 74
Hprl 58 76
Familial Isolated Prolactin Receptor Deficiency 60
Pregnancy-Related a-G Syndrome 12
Familial Hyperprolactinemia 60
Hyperprolactinaemia 12
Hyperprolactinemia, 41

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

60
familial hyperprolactinemia
Inheritance: Autosomal dominant; Age of onset: Adult;

OMIM:

58
Inheritance:
autosomal recessive
autosomal dominant


HPO:

33
hyperprolactinemia:
Inheritance autosomal dominant inheritance autosomal recessive inheritance


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases Metabolic diseases
Anatomical: Endocrine diseases Reproductive diseases Blood diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 34 35
Orphanet: 60  
Rare infertility disorders
Rare endocrine diseases


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:12700
OMIM 58 615555
KEGG 38 H01388
NCIt 51 C113168
SNOMED-CT 69 21170004 85039006
ICD10 34 E22.1
ICD10 via Orphanet 35 E22.1
Orphanet 60 ORPHA397685
MedGen 43 C0020514
Sources

Summaries for Hyperprolactinemia

About this section
OMIM : 58 Hyperprolactinemia unrelated to pregnancy occurs in approximately 0.1 to 0.3% of the general population and may result in infertility, hypogonadism, and galactorrhea. Such nonphysiologic hyperprolactinemia is caused mainly by drugs or by tumors in the anterior pituitary gland, primarily prolactinomas (see 102200). However, 10 to 60% of patients with hyperprolactinemia who undergo MRI have normal findings (summary by Newey et al., 2013). Patients with hyperprolactinemia may also experience agalactia (Kobayashi et al., 2018). (615555)

MalaCards based summary : Hyperprolactinemia, also known as chiari-frommel syndrome, is related to mccune-albright syndrome and galactorrhea. An important gene associated with Hyperprolactinemia is PRLR (Prolactin Receptor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The drugs Aripiprazole and Dopamine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pituitary, bone and thyroid, and related phenotypes are galactorrhea and oligomenorrhea

Disease Ontology : 12 An acquired metabolic disease that has material basis in the presence of abnormally-high levels of prolactin in the blood.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 76 Hyperprolactinemia: A disorder characterized by increased levels of prolactin in the blood not associated with gestation or the puerperium. HPRL may result in infertility, hypogonadism, and galactorrhea.

Wikipedia : 77 Hyperprolactinaemia is the presence of abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood. Normal levels... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Hyperprolactinemia

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Diseases related to Hyperprolactinemia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 301)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 mccune-albright syndrome 32.1 GH1 IGF1 PRL SST
2 galactorrhea 30.8 DRD2 IGF1 PRL PRLR
3 amenorrhea 30.8 GNRH1 POMC PRL TRH
4 hypogonadotropism 30.6 GNRH1 PRL
5 gigantism 30.6 GH1 PRL
6 polycystic ovary syndrome 30.5 GNRH1 IGF1 PRL
7 infertility 30.4 GNRH1 H19 PRL PRLR
8 hypothyroidism 30.3 GH1 IGF1 POMC PRL TRH
9 ovarian disease 30.2 GNRH1 IGF1 PRL
10 abducens nerve disease 30.1 POMC PRL
11 anovulation 30.1 GNRH1 IGF1 PRL
12 lymphocytic hypophysitis 30.0 GH1 POMC
13 peripartum cardiomyopathy 30.0 DRD2 PRL
14 adenoma 29.9 GH1 IGF1 POMC PRL SST
15 pituitary tumors 29.9 GH1 IGF1 POMC PRL SST
16 non-functioning pituitary adenoma 29.9 GH1 SST
17 hypopituitarism 29.9 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL
18 hyperthyroidism 29.8 GH1 PRL SST TRH
19 fasting hypoglycemia 29.8 IGF1 POMC
20 tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency 29.8 GH1 PRL
21 hyperandrogenism 29.8 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL
22 psychotic disorder 29.8 DRD2 DRD4 PRL
23 delusional disorder 29.7 DRD2 DRD4
24 sheehan syndrome 29.7 IGF1 POMC PRL
25 central precocious puberty 29.7 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1
26 breast disease 29.7 IGF1 POMC PRL PRLR
27 acromegaly 29.7 GH1 IGF1 POMC PRL SST TRH
28 pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, 2 29.7 GH1 IGF1 POMC PRL
29 fibrous dysplasia 29.6 GH1 IGF1 PRL SST
30 insulin-like growth factor i 29.6 GH1 IGF1 PRL SST
31 fibromyalgia 29.5 IGF1 PRL
32 craniopharyngioma 29.5 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 PRL TRH
33 pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting 29.5 DRD2 GH1 IGF1 POMC PRL SST
34 empty sella syndrome 29.5 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL TRH
35 multiple endocrine neoplasia, type i 29.4 PRL SST VIP
36 conn's syndrome 29.4 GH1 POMC PRL SST
37 chiasmal syndrome 29.4 GNRH1 POMC PRL SST
38 tsh producing pituitary tumor 29.3 GH1 GNRH1 POMC PRL SST
39 pituitary gland disease 29.3 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL SST
40 functioning pituitary adenoma 28.9 DRD2 GH1 POMC PRL SST TRH
41 alcohol dependence 28.8 DRD2 DRD4 POMC
42 galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia 11.6
43 amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome 11.6
44 ahumada del castillo syndrome 11.2
45 fibrous dysplasia/mccune-albright syndrome 10.4 GH1 PRL
46 generalized resistance to thyroid hormone 10.4 PRL TRH
47 schizophrenia 10.4
48 schizophreniform disorder 10.4 DRD2 PRL
49 postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis 10.3 POMC PRLR
50 social phobia 10.3 DRD2 PRL

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Hyperprolactinemia:



Diseases related to Hyperprolactinemia
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Hyperprolactinemia

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Human phenotypes related to Hyperprolactinemia:

60 33 (show all 11)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 galactorrhea 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0100829
2 oligomenorrhea 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000876
3 infertility 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0000789
4 amenorrhea 60 33 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0000141
5 hemorrhagic ovarian cyst 60 33 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0012886
6 osteopenia 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000938
7 osteoporosis 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000939
8 menorrhagia 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000132
9 female hypogonadism 60 33 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000134
10 agalactia 33 very rare (1%) HP:0031109
11 prolactin excess 33 HP:0000870

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

58
Genitourinary Internal Genitalia Female:
infertility (in some patients)
oligomenorrhea (in some patients)
menorrhagia (in some patients)

Chest Breasts:
galactorrhea (in some patients)
agalactia (in some patients)

Endocrine Features:
elevated prolactin levels

Clinical features from OMIM:

615555

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Hyperprolactinemia:

47
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.11 DRD2 DRD4 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL
2 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10.06 DRD2 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL PRLR
3 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.03 DRD2 DRD4 POMC PRL PRLR PTHLH
4 immune system MP:0005387 9.92 DRD2 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL PTHLH
5 adipose tissue MP:0005375 9.85 DRD2 IGF1 POMC PRLR PTHLH
6 integument MP:0010771 9.8 DRD2 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL PRLR
7 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.7 DRD2 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL PRLR
8 nervous system MP:0003631 9.65 DRD2 DRD4 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL
9 reproductive system MP:0005389 9.17 DRD2 GNRH1 IGF1 PRL PRLR PTHLH
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Hyperprolactinemia

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Drugs for Hyperprolactinemia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 113)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Aripiprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Not Applicable 129722-12-9 60795
2
Dopamine Approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable 62-31-7, 51-61-6 681
3
Risperidone Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable 106266-06-2 5073
4
Cabergoline Approved Phase 4,Not Applicable 81409-90-7 54746
5
Quinagolide Approved, Investigational Phase 4 87056-78-8, 97805-50-0 105105
6
Polyestradiol phosphate Approved Phase 4 28014-46-2
7
Estradiol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-28-2 5757
8
Amantadine Approved Phase 4 768-94-5 2130
9 Central Nervous System Depressants Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
10 Tranquilizing Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
11 Dopamine Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable
12 Serotonin Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable
13 Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists Phase 4,Not Applicable
14 Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists Phase 4,Not Applicable
15 Serotonin Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable
16 Antipsychotic Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
17 Antidepressive Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable
18 Psychotropic Drugs Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
19 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists Phase 4,Not Applicable
20 Dopamine Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable
21 Neurotransmitter Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable
22 Dopamine agonists Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable
23 Serotonin Receptor Agonists Phase 4,Not Applicable
24 Paliperidone Palmitate Phase 4
25 Antiparkinson Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable
26 Hormones Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
27 Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2
28 Estradiol 3-benzoate Phase 4
29 Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate Phase 4
30 Antiviral Agents Phase 4
31 Analgesics Phase 4
32 Analgesics, Non-Narcotic Phase 4
33 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4
34
Serotonin Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable 50-67-9 5202
35
Bromocriptine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 25614-03-3 31101
36
Calcium Carbonate Approved, Investigational Phase 3 471-34-1
37
Calcium Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 3,Phase 2 7440-70-2 271
38
Vitamin D Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 3,Not Applicable 1406-16-2
39
Ergocalciferol Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 3 50-14-6 5280793
40 Hormone Antagonists Phase 3,Phase 2
41 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Phase 3,Phase 2
42 Vitamins Phase 3,Not Applicable
43 Calcium, Dietary Phase 3,Phase 2
44 Vitamin D2 Phase 3
45 Ergocalciferols Phase 3
46 Bone Density Conservation Agents Phase 3
47 Anti-Ulcer Agents Phase 3
48 Trace Elements Phase 3
49 Antacids Phase 3
50 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 44)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Reversal of Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia, Weight Gain, Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia Unknown status NCT00541554 Phase 4 Abilify (aripiprazole)
2 A Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Effects of Switching to Aripiprazole 12 Weeks on the Sexual Dysfunction From Risperidone or Paliperidone in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders or Bipolar Spectrum Disorders Unknown status NCT01742390 Phase 4 Aripiprazole;risperidone or paliperidone
3 High Dose Risperidone Consta for Patients With Schizophrenia With Poor Response to Risperidone Unknown status NCT00539071 Phase 4 long-acting injectable risperidone;long acting injectable risperidone;long acting injectable risperidone
4 Aripiprazole and Prolactin Study Completed NCT01085383 Phase 4 Aripiprazole
5 Endometriosis Patients Undergoing Quinagolide Treatment Completed NCT00625950 Phase 4
6 Color Doppler Analysıs Of Uterin And Intraovarian Blood Flow Before And After Treatment Wıth Cabergoline In Hyperprolactinemic Patients Completed NCT01957839 Phase 4 cabergoline treatment
7 A Study to Evaluate the Safety and the Effects of Risperidone Compared With Other Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs on the Growth and Sexual Maturation in Children Completed NCT01050582 Phase 4 Risperidone;Other atypical antipsychotic drugs
8 The Luveris In Vitro Fertilization Trial Terminated NCT00889512 Phase 4 Luveris fixed dose;Luveris increasing dose
9 Study of Amantadine for Risperidone Consta or Paliperidone Treated Patients to Decrease Prolactin Elevation Terminated NCT00975611 Phase 4 Amantadine Hydrochloride, USP;Amantadine Hydrochloride, USP;Placebo
10 Risperidone-Induced Hyperprolactinemia Treated With Bromocriptine Unknown status NCT00315081 Phase 3 Bromocriptin
11 Calcium and Vitamin D to Optimize Bone Mass in Boys With Risperidone-induced Hyperprolactinemia Completed NCT00799383 Phase 3 Calcium and Vitamin D
12 Comparison of the Subjective Well-being and Tolerability of Quetiapine XR to Risperidone Completed NCT00600756 Phase 3 Quetiapine XR;Risperidone
13 Peony-Glycyrrhiza Decoction (PGD) for Antipsychotic-induced Hyperprolactinemia in Patients With Schizophrenia Completed NCT01852331 Phase 2 PGD granules;Placebo
14 Administration of Kisspeptin in Patients With Hyperprolactinemia Recruiting NCT02956447 Phase 2 Kisspeptin 112-121;Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
15 Treatment of Hyperprolactinemia With the Non-ergoline Dopamine Agonist Ropinirole Recruiting NCT03038308 Phase 1, Phase 2 Ropinirole
16 Effectiveness and Safety of Bushen Culuan Decoction for Anovulatory Infertility Not yet recruiting NCT03709849 Phase 2 experimental group: Bushen Culuan Decoction and Clomiphene Citrate Tablets placebo;control group: Clomiphene Citrate Tablets and Bushen Culuan Decoction placebo
17 Administration of Kisspeptin to Subjects With Reproductive Disorders Recruiting NCT00914823 Phase 1 kisspeptin 112-121;GnRH
18 Pituitary Histopathology and Hyperprolactinaemia and Risk of Glucose Metabolic Disturbances in Acromegaly. Unknown status NCT02092129
19 Adjunctive Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Risperidone-Induced Hyperprolactinemia Unknown status NCT02013232 Not Applicable Aripiprazole
20 Efficacy of Rapid Escalation of Cabergoline in Comparison to Conventional Dosing in Prolactin Secreting Macroadenomas. Unknown status NCT01143584 Not Applicable Cabergoline;cabergoline
21 TSH And AMH in Infertile Women Unknown status NCT02710175
22 Hyperprolactinaemia Management in Reproductive Services at University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire Completed NCT03569787
23 Changes in Hyperprolactinemia Secondary to Antipsychotics After Switching to Quetiapine Completed NCT00952757
24 Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study of Adjunctive Aripiprazole for Symptomatic Hyperprolactinemia In Premenopausal Women With Schizophrenia Completed NCT01338298 Not Applicable Aripiprazole;Placebo
25 Characterization of Macroprolactinemia Completed NCT00436111
26 The Relationship of PRL and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Taiwan's Women Completed NCT01117272
27 Study On Utilization Of Cabergoline For Compliance With Risk Minimization Activities (SUCRE) Completed NCT01270711 Study Drug
28 Mathematical Model for the Human Menstrual Cycle, Endocrinological Diseases and Fertility Treatment-PAEON Completed NCT02098668
29 The Association Between Dopamine Agonists and Cardiac Valvulopathy, Fibrosis and Other Cardiopulmonary Events Completed NCT01052948
30 The Effect of Monoclonal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Antibody (Bevacizumab) on Pituitary Function Completed NCT00973557
31 Bone Mineral Content and Bone Metabolism in Adolescents on Antipsychotic Therapy Completed NCT00399776
32 Post-Authorization Safety Surveillance Study of Asenapine in Participants With Bipolar Disorder (P08307) Completed NCT01495741
33 Comparison of Bone Mineral Density Changes During Tx With Risperidone or Aripiprazole in Adolescents Completed NCT00573716
34 Prevalence of Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Completed NCT03157921
35 Calcium Homeostasis in Acromegaly: Effect of Surgical/Medical Treatment and Comparison With Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumors Completed NCT01568359
36 Cardiac Valve Complications in Prolactinomas Treated With Cabergoline Completed NCT00460616 Cabergoline
37 Insulin Resistance in Women With Prolactinoma Completed NCT00481299
38 Effects of Hyperprolactinemia Induced by Antipsychotic Drugs on Bone Metabolism Recruiting NCT03675750
39 Radial Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction Recruiting NCT03596047 Not Applicable
40 Seoul National University Pituitary Disease Cohort Study Recruiting NCT03474601
41 Assessing Fertility Potential in Female Cancer Survivors Active, not recruiting NCT01143844
42 Effects of Exercise and Yogurt on Bone Mineral Density and Immunological Factors in Human Milk: The MEEMA Study Not yet recruiting NCT03732261 Not Applicable
43 Pituitary Function and Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Suspended NCT02603549
44 Substrate Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Hyperprolactinemia Before and After Treatment Withdrawn NCT00699530

Search NIH Clinical Center for Hyperprolactinemia

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 74 / NDF-RT 52 :


Cochrane evidence based reviews: hyperprolactinemia

Sources

Genetic Tests for Hyperprolactinemia

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Genetic tests related to Hyperprolactinemia:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Hyperprolactinemia 30 PRLR
Sources

Anatomical Context for Hyperprolactinemia

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Hyperprolactinemia:

42
Pituitary, Bone, Thyroid, Ovary, Breast, Prostate, Testes
Sources

Publications for Hyperprolactinemia

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Articles related to Hyperprolactinemia:

(show top 50) (show all 1424)
# Title Authors Year
1
ISMP Adverse Drug Reactions: Longitudinal Thumbnail Fissures Due to Erlotinib Priapism Associated With the Use of ExtenZe Blindness From a Nevirapine-Based HAART Regimen Hyperprolactinemia and Galactorrhea Due to Aripiprazole Trypophobia Associated With Gabapentin Coadministered Linezolid and Methadone Cause Serotonin Syndrome. ( 30923400 )
2019
2
Psychological effects of dopamine agonist treatment in patients with hyperprolactinemia and prolactin-secreting adenomas. ( 30400048 )
2019
3
Association of raised levels of IL-4 and anti-TPO with hyperprolactinemia. ( 30614113 )
2019
4
Impact of hyperprolactinemia in a patient with polyautoimmunity. ( 30656000 )
2019
5
Impact of the CYP2D6 phenotype on hyperprolactinemia development as an adverse event of treatment with atypical antipsychotic agents in pediatric patients. ( 30771137 )
2019
6
Sexual dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenia before and after six weeks of D2/3 receptor blockade - An exploratory study. ( 30780063 )
2019
7
Different cabergoline effect on metabolic and anthropometric parameters in female prolactinoma patients versus idiopathic hyperprolactinemia patients. ( 30806330 )
2019
8
Hyperprolactinemia in psychotic patients treated in monotherapy with long-acting injectable antipsychotics. ( 30848967 )
2019
9
Aripiprazole for the treatment of duloxetine-induced hyperprolactinemia: A case report. ( 30875676 )
2019
10
Hyperprolactinemia is associated with a high prevalence of serum autoantibodies, high levels of inflammatory cytokines and an abnormal distribution of peripheral B-cell subsets. ( 30887277 )
2019
11
Clinical manifestations, evaluation and management of hyperprolactinemia in adolescent and young girls: a brief review. ( 30889169 )
2019
12
Pitfalls in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Hyperprolactinemia. ( 30889571 )
2019
13
No impact of treated hyperprolactinemia on cumulative live birth rate and perinatal outcomes in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. ( 30932283 )
2019
14
Letter to the Editor: [A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Cardiac Valvulopathy in Patients with Hyperprolactinemia Treated with Cabergoline]. ( 30933294 )
2019
15
A pharmacogenetic study of patients with schizophrenia from West Siberia gets insight into dopaminergic mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia. ( 30967134 )
2019
16
Lurasidone-induced Parkinsonism and Hyperprolactinemia. ( 30983673 )
2019
17
Hyperprolactinemia associated with macroprolactinoma in a 17-year-old: A case report. ( 31016137 )
2019
18
Different Effects of Atorvastatin on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Women With and Without Hyperprolactinemia. ( 30129670 )
2019
19
Using domperidone to induce and sustain hyperprolactinemia in late-pregnant gilts. ( 30205268 )
2019
20
Primary Amenorrhea Associated with Hyperprolactinemia in Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type II: A Case Report. ( 29949817 )
2018
21
Pyridoxine for the treatment of quetiapine-induced hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea: A case report. ( 30584026 )
2018
22
Hyperprolactinemia with Galactorrhea Due to Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Case Report and Review of Literature. ( 30079289 )
2018
23
Different effects of fenofibrate on cardiometabolic risk factors in young women with and without hyperprolactinemia. ( 30469130 )
2018
24
Prolonged ovarian acyclicity is associated with a higher likelihood of developing hyperprolactinemia in zoo female African elephants. ( 30561808 )
2018
25
Variant Prolactin Receptor in Agalactia and Hyperprolactinemia. ( 30575453 )
2018
26
Estimation of serum prolactin levels and determination of prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in newly diagnosed cases of subclinical hypothyroidism. ( 30613511 )
2018
27
Stress-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach. ( 30627169 )
2018
28
Resolution of dopamine agonist-resistant hyperprolactinemia by hysterectomy: a case report. ( 28925774 )
2018
29
Optimal timing of dopamine agonist withdrawal in patients with hyperprolactinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( 29043560 )
2018
30
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation in Boys with Risperidone-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. ( 29112461 )
2018
31
Dopamine agonist withdrawal in hyperprolactinemia: when and how. ( 29124662 )
2018
32
Prevalence and risk factors of hyperprolactinemia among patients with various psychiatric diagnoses and medications. ( 29334291 )
2018
33
Frequency of Macroprolactin in Hyperprolactinemia. ( 29394965 )
2018
34
Add-on Aripiprazole for Atypical Antipsychotic-induced, Clinically Significant Hyperprolactinemia. ( 29403128 )
2018
35
The effect of bromocriptine treatment on sexual functioning and depressive symptoms in women with mild hyperprolactinemia. ( 29475005 )
2018
36
Hyperprolactinemia as a Side Effect of Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone Therapy or a Symptom of Klinefelter Syndrome - a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma. ( 29546865 )
2018
37
Controversial issues in the management of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas - An overview by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. ( 29768629 )
2018
38
Hyperprolactinemia-inducing antipsychotics increase breast cancer risk by activating JAK-STAT5 in precancerous lesions. ( 29778097 )
2018
39
Short-Term Hyperprolactinemia Reduces the Expression of Purinergic P2X7 Receptors during Allergic Inflammatory Response of the Lungs. ( 29874677 )
2018
40
A Comment on "Add-on Aripiprazole for Atypical Antipsychotic-induced, Clinically Significant Hyperprolactinemia". ( 29875544 )
2018
41
Metabolic Syndrome in Hyperprolactinemia. ( 29894997 )
2018
42
Combined Cabergoline and Metformin in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Disease with Hyperprolactinemia: Methodological Concerns. ( 29896007 )
2018
43
The effects of hyperprolactinemia and its control on metabolic diseases. ( 30058862 )
2018
44
Hyperprolactinemia and insulin resistance in drug naive patients with early onset first episode psychosis. ( 30068291 )
2018
45
Treatment of Risperidone-Associated Hyperprolactinemia With Aripiprazole. ( 30106879 )
2018
46
Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics Related to Hyperprolactinemia in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. ( 30144593 )
2018
47
A real-world analysis of healthcare costs and relative risk of hyperprolactinemia associated with antipsychotic treatments in the United States. ( 30188234 )
2018
48
Management of antipsychotic related hyperprolactinemia in older people: Can we extrapolate from existing guidance? ( 30216566 )
2018
49
Idiopathic Hyperprolactinemia Presenting as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Identical Twin Sisters: A Case Report and Literature Review. ( 30250766 )
2018
50
Hyperprolactinemia / Prolactinomas in the post-menopausal period: <br><br>challenges in diagnosis and management <br><br>. ( 30347396 )
2018
Sources

Variations for Hyperprolactinemia

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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot genetic disease variations for Hyperprolactinemia:

76
# Symbol AA change Variation ID SNP ID
1 PRLR p.His212Arg VAR_070895 rs398122522

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Hyperprolactinemia:

6
# Gene Variation Type Significance SNP ID Assembly Location
1 PRLR NM_001204316.1(PRLR): c.635A> G (p.His212Arg) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs398122522 GRCh37 Chromosome 5, 35070276: 35070276
2 PRLR NM_001204316.1(PRLR): c.635A> G (p.His212Arg) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic rs398122522 GRCh38 Chromosome 5, 35070174: 35070174
3 PRLR NM_000949.7(PRLR): c.511C> T (p.Arg171Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic GRCh37 Chromosome 5, 35072709: 35072709
4 PRLR NM_000949.7(PRLR): c.511C> T (p.Arg171Ter) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic GRCh38 Chromosome 5, 35072607: 35072607
5 PRLR NM_000949.7(PRLR): c.806C> T (p.Pro269Leu) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic GRCh38 Chromosome 5, 35068265: 35068265
6 PRLR NM_000949.7(PRLR): c.806C> T (p.Pro269Leu) single nucleotide variant Pathogenic GRCh37 Chromosome 5, 35068367: 35068367
Sources

Expression for Hyperprolactinemia

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Hyperprolactinemia.
Sources

Pathways for Hyperprolactinemia

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Pathways related to Hyperprolactinemia according to KEGG:

38
# Name Kegg Source Accession
1 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway hsa04151
2 JAK-STAT signaling pathway hsa04630
3 Prolactin signaling pathway hsa04917

Pathways related to Hyperprolactinemia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Signaling by GPCR 67
Show member pathways
 13.81 DRD2 DRD4 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PTHLH
2
Peptide ligand-binding receptors 67
Show member pathways
 12.6 DRD2 DRD4 GH1 GNRH1 POMC PRL
3
Peptide hormone metabolism 67
Show member pathways
 11.84 GH1 IGF1 POMC
4
G alpha (s) signalling events 67
11.71 POMC PTHLH VIP
5
Adipogenesis 1
11.62 GH1 IGF1 PRLR
6
Endochondral Ossification 1
11.25 GH1 IGF1 PTHLH
7
Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Steady-State Microglia 66
10.99 DRD2 IGF1 VIP
8
Development_Leptin signaling via JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades 23
Show member pathways
 10.91 POMC TRH
9
Growth hormone receptor signaling 67
Show member pathways
 10.74 GH1 PRL PRLR
Sources

GO Terms for Hyperprolactinemia

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Cellular components related to Hyperprolactinemia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.7 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL PTHLH
2 perikaryon GO:0043204 9.5 DRD2 GNRH1 VIP
3 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.32 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL PRLR
4 secretory granule GO:0030141 9.26 POMC TRH
5 endosome lumen GO:0031904 9.13 GH1 PRL PRLR

Biological processes related to Hyperprolactinemia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 25)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285 9.88 DRD2 GNRH1 PTHLH SST
2 female pregnancy GO:0007565 9.69 GNRH1 PRL PTHLH
3 cell-cell signaling GO:0007267 9.65 GNRH1 POMC PTHLH SST TRH
4 adult walking behavior GO:0007628 9.62 DRD2 TRH
5 response to steroid hormone GO:0048545 9.62 GNRH1 SST
6 regulation of multicellular organism growth GO:0040014 9.61 IGF1 PRL
7 positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade GO:0046427 9.61 GH1 PRL
8 arachidonic acid secretion GO:0050482 9.6 DRD2 DRD4
9 positive regulation of receptor internalization GO:0002092 9.59 DRD2 GH1
10 behavioral response to cocaine GO:0048148 9.58 DRD2 DRD4
11 dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007212 9.57 DRD2 DRD4
12 negative regulation of protein secretion GO:0050709 9.56 DRD2 DRD4
13 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007186 9.56 DRD2 DRD4 GNRH1 POMC PTHLH SST
14 response to organic cyclic compound GO:0014070 9.55 GNRH1 TRH
15 dopamine metabolic process GO:0042417 9.54 DRD2 DRD4
16 positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0043568 9.52 GH1 IGF1
17 response to ethanol GO:0045471 9.5 DRD2 GNRH1 TRH
18 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007195 9.49 DRD2 DRD4
19 behavioral response to ethanol GO:0048149 9.46 DRD2 DRD4
20 negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity GO:1901386 9.43 DRD2 DRD4
21 positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission GO:0051586 9.4 DRD2 DRD4
22 response to histamine GO:0034776 9.37 DRD2 DRD4
23 JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway GO:0060397 9.33 GH1 PRL PRLR
24 regulation of signaling receptor activity GO:0010469 9.28 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL PTHLH
25 ovulation cycle GO:0042698 9.18 GNRH1

Molecular functions related to Hyperprolactinemia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 dopamine binding GO:0035240 9.37 DRD2 DRD4
2 peptide hormone receptor binding GO:0051428 9.32 PTHLH VIP
3 hormone activity GO:0005179 9.28 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1 POMC PRL PTHLH
4 dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go GO:0001591 9.26 DRD2 DRD4
5 dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity GO:0004952 9.16 DRD2 DRD4
6 prolactin receptor binding GO:0005148 8.96 GH1 PRL
Sources

Sources for Hyperprolactinemia

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
20 FMA
29 GO
30 GTR
31 HGMD
32 HMDB
33 HPO
34 ICD10
35 ICD10 via Orphanet
36 ICD9CM
37 IUPHAR
38 KEGG
39 LifeMap
41 LOVD
43 MedGen
45 MeSH
46 MESH via Orphanet
47 MGI
50 NCI
51 NCIt
52 NDF-RT
55 NINDS
56 Novoseek
58 OMIM
59 OMIM via Orphanet
63 PubMed
65 QIAGEN
70 SNOMED-CT via HPO
71 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
72 TGDB
73 Tocris
74 UMLS
75 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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