Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism 2 with or Without Anosmia (HH2)

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Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0090083 OMIM 56 147950 OMIM Phenotypic Series 56 PS147950 MeSH 43 D017436

ICD10 32 E23.0 MedGen 41 C1563720 C1835793 C1835794 C1969607 more SNOMED-CT via HPO 68 13624003 17268007 204508009 204878001 228156007 229247004 237836003 247578003 263681008 312894000 33927004 34911001 44169009 4754008 5102002 60700002 63567004 78441005 80281008 81208006 87979003 8913004 91138005 more UMLS 71 C1563720

OMIM : ⁵⁶ Congenital idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be caused by an isolated defect in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH; 152760) release, action, or both. Other associated nonreproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss, occur with variable frequency. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has been called 'Kallmann syndrome (KS),' whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed 'normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH)' (summary by Raivio et al., 2007). Because families have been found to segregate both KS and nIHH, the disorder is here referred to as 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia (HH).' Although HH was initially considered to be a monogenic disorder, the presence of marked locus heterogeneity, incomplete penetrance within pedigrees, and variable expressivity of pathogenic alleles, together with evidence for mutations in multiple genes in some affected individuals, resulted in a conceptual shift from monogenicity to an oligogenic framework in which a limited number of genes contribute pathogenic alleles to the genetic network responsible for the neuroendocrine control of human reproduction (Sykiotis et al., 2010). (147950)

MalaCards based summary : Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism 2 with or Without Anosmia, also known as kallmann syndrome 2, is related to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypogonadism. An important gene associated with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism 2 with or Without Anosmia is FGFR1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1). Affiliated tissues include pituitary, olfactory bulb and bone, and related phenotypes are osteopenia and iris coloboma

Disease Ontology : ¹² A hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that has material basis in heterozygous mutation in the FGFR1 gene on chromosome 8p11, sometimes in association with mutation in other genes.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : ⁷³ Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 2 with or without anosmia: A disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. In some cases, it is associated with non- reproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss. Anosmia or hyposmia is related to the absence or hypoplasia of the olfactory bulbs and tracts. Hypogonadism is due to deficiency in gonadotropin-releasing hormone and probably results from a failure of embryonic migration of gonadotropin- releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is referred to as Kallmann syndrome, whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH).

Clinical features from OMIM:

147950

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