Infertility

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Disease Ontology 11 DOID:5223 MeSH 43 D007246 NCIt 49 C3836

SNOMED-CT 68 8619003 EFO 16 EFO_0000545 UMLS 71 C0021359

MedlinePlus: ⁴¹ Infertility means not being able to become pregnant after a year of trying. If a woman can get pregnant but keeps having miscarriages or stillbirths, that's also called infertility. Infertility is fairly common. After one year of having unprotected sex, about 15% of couples are unable to get pregnant. About a third of the time, infertility can be traced to the woman. In another third of cases, it is because of the man. The rest of the time, it is because of both partners or no cause can be found. There are treatments that are specifically for men or for women. Some involve both partners. Drugs, assisted reproductive technology, and surgery are common treatments. Happily, many couples treated for infertility go on to have babies. NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

MalaCards based summary: Infertility is related to male infertility and female infertility due to zona pellucida defect, and has symptoms including pelvic pain An important gene associated with Infertility is DNAH5 (Dynein Axonemal Heavy Chain 5), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Beta-2 adrenergic-dependent CFTR expression and G alpha (s) signalling events. The drugs Dinoprostone and Diclofenac have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include ovary, uterus and pituitary, and related phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and digestive/alimentary

CDC: ² In general, infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. Because fertility in women is known to decline steadily with age, some providers evaluate and treat women aged 35 years or older after 6 months of unprotected sex. Women with infertility should consider making an appointment with a reproductive endocrinologist-a doctor who specializes in managing infertility. Reproductive endocrinologists may also be able to help women with recurrent pregnancy loss, defined as having two or more spontaneous miscarriages.

PubMed Health : ⁶³ Infertility: Not being able to have children is often a source of great emotional turmoil. Many men and women take it for granted that they will be able to have children. If they are not able to conceive, many couples start looking for medical help at some point. A number of different treatments are available, depending on the possible causes of infertility. Problems conceiving a child are defined by medical experts as “infertility” if a couple has had regular unprotected sex for one year without the woman becoming pregnant.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means. It is usually... more...

There are a number of different treatments for infertility . The exact kind of treatment will mainly be determined by what sort of problem has been diagnosed in the woman or man. For instance, hormones may be used if the woman has an abnormal menstrual cycle . Surgery may be helpful if she has fibroids . Some causes of infertility in men can also be treated with hormones or surgery. If not enough sperm is produced or if the sperm cells don't move enough, the semen can be transferred directly to the woman’s womb . This procedure is called insemination. Artificial insemination is also a treatment option if the couple can't have sex or if the sperm can't pass through the cervical mucus . One alternative is artificial fertilization outside the body (in vitro fertilization, or IVF): In this procedure, eggs are removed from the woman’s ovaries through the vagina using a thin hollow needle, and then combined with sperm from the man. Before the eggs are removed, the woman has hormone therapy to stimulate her ovaries to release several mature eggs during the course of a single menstrual cycle . This hormone therapy can have very strong and unpleasant side effects. The actual fertilization takes place outside of the woman's body in a laboratory. In IVF, sperm cells are added to an egg cell and the fertilization process happens on its own. In intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), one sperm cell is injected directly into an egg using a fine needle. If the fertilization is a success and the egg cells continue to develop, the doctor implants up to three embryos into the womb . In rare cases more egg cells develop into embryos. The woman can then decide to have them frozen (cryopreserved) or destroyed. This also applies to egg cells in a stage of development called the pronuclear stage, in which the chromosome sets from the sperm and egg cells have not yet fully joined together. Cryopreserved embryos or fertilized egg cells can then be thawed out for use in a later cycle if the first transfer is not successful.

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