Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MalaCards based summary: Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia, also known as mlf - [medial longitudinal fasciculus] syndrome, is related to myasthenia gravis and facial paralysis, and has symptoms including ophthalmoplegia, spasm of conjugate gaze and anomalies of divergence. An important gene associated with Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia is AQP4 (Aquaporin 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways is Oligodendrocyte specification and differentiation, leading to myelin components for CNS. The drugs Dalfampridine and Histamine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, pons and brain, and related phenotype is nervous system.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a disorder of conjugate lateral gaze in which the affected eye... more...

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Related Diseases for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Diseases related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 217)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	myasthenia gravis	30.7	MUSK MBP LRP4
2	facial paralysis	30.7	MOG MBP AQP4
3	chiari malformation	30.6	MBP LRP4
4	neuromyelitis optica	30.6	MOG MBP AQP4
5	cranial nerve palsy	30.5	MOG AQP4
6	neuritis	30.5	MOG MBP AQP4
7	multiple sclerosis	30.5	MOG MBP IFNB1 AQP4
8	demyelinating disease	30.4	MOG MBP IFNB1 AQP4
9	optic neuritis	30.4	MOG MBP AQP4
10	abducens palsy	30.3	MUSK MOG AQP4
11	arachnoiditis	30.3	MBP AQP4
12	intracranial hypertension, idiopathic	30.3	MOG AQP4
13	papilledema	30.2	MOG AQP4
14	wernicke encephalopathy	30.2	PNMA2 AQP4
15	strabismus	30.2	MUSK MOG CACNA1A AQP4
16	myelitis	30.2	MOG MBP IFNB1 AQP4
17	transverse myelitis	30.2	MOG MBP IFNB1 AQP4
18	chickenpox	30.2	MOG IFNB1 AQP4
19	ptosis	30.2	POLG MUSK LRP4 COLQ
20	ocular motility disease	30.1	POLG MUSK COLQ CACNA1A AQP4
21	chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy	30.0	MUSK MBP IFNB1
22	behcet syndrome	30.0	MOG IFNB1 AQP4
23	acute retrobulbar neuritis	30.0	MOG MBP IFNB1 AQP4
24	spinal cord disease	29.9	MOG MBP IFNB1 AQP4
25	demyelinating polyneuropathy	29.9	MUSK MOG MBP AQP4
26	autoimmune disease	29.7	MUSK MOG MBP IFNB1 AQP4
27	encephalitis	29.6	PNMA2 MOG IFNB1 AQP4
28	migraine with or without aura 1	29.6	POLG CACNA1A AQP4
29	miller fisher syndrome	29.5	PNMA2 MUSK MOG AQP4
30	kearns-sayre syndrome	11.3
31	pathologic nystagmus	10.9
32	exotropia	10.7
33	papillon-lefevre syndrome	10.6
34	brain stem infarction	10.6
35	temporal arteritis	10.5
36	conjugate gaze palsy	10.5
37	dissociated nystagmus	10.5
38	movement disease	10.4
39	systemic lupus erythematosus	10.4
40	stroke, ischemic	10.4
41	systemic lupus erythematosus 1	10.4
42	hydrocephalus	10.4
43	bell's palsy	10.4
44	lupus erythematosus	10.4
45	chiari malformation type ii	10.3
46	supranuclear palsy, progressive, 1	10.3
47	meningitis	10.3
48	cogan syndrome	10.3
49	glioma susceptibility 1	10.3
50	horner's syndrome	10.3

Comorbidity relations with Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Hypertension, Essential

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

UMLS symptoms related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia:

ophthalmoplegia; spasm of conjugate gaze; anomalies of divergence

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.28	AQP4 CACNA1A COLQ IFNB1 LRP4 MBP

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Drugs for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 10)

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Dalfampridine

Approved

Phase 3

504-24-5

1727

2

Histamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

51-45-6

774

3

Clemastine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

15686-51-8

26987

4

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 3

5

Anti-Allergic Agents

Phase 3

6

Histamine phosphate

Phase 3

51-74-1

134614

7

Histamine H1 Antagonists

Phase 3

8

Histamine Antagonists

Phase 3

9

Dermatologic Agents

Phase 3

10

Potassium Channel Blockers

Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Clemastine Fumarate as Remyelinating Treatment in Internuclear Ophthalmoparesis and Multiple Sclerosis	Recruiting	NCT05338450	Phase 3	Clemastine Fumarate;Placebo
2	Study and Treatment of Visual Dysfunction and Motor Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis	Completed	NCT02391961	Phase 2	Dalfampridine;Placebo

Search NIH Clinical Center for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

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Genetic Tests for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

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Anatomical Context for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Organs/tissues related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia:

MalaCards : Eye, Pons, Brain, Thalamus, Cerebellum, Myeloid, Kidney

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Publications for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Articles related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia:

(show top 50) (show all 700)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Ocular motility disorders following coronavirus disease-19 vaccination. ⁶²	Park KA...Kim Y	36383278	2022
2	Clinical Reasoning: A 12-Year-Old Girl With Acute Onset Diplopia, Dizziness and Upbeat Nystagmus. ⁶²	Chenji G...Fotedar N	36347627	2022
3	Unilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Following Minor Head Injury. ⁶²	Kim SS...Ji C	36381451	2022
4	Lesion follows function: video-oculography compared with MRI to diagnose internuclear ophthalmoplegia in patients with multiple sclerosis. ⁶²	Omary R...Weber KP	36315254	2022
5	COVID-19 provoked internuclear ophthalmoplegia in a child with arrested hydrocephalus. ⁶²	Fathy M...Hagras SM	36190082	2022
6	Discordant horizontal-torsional nystagmus: a sign of posterior semicircular canal dysfunction. ⁶²	Lee SU...Kim JS	35543743	2022
7	A Stroke of Vision as One-and-a-Half Syndrome: Is It Time to Update the FAST Criteria and ABCD2 Score? ⁶²	Zafar M...Davies B	36159351	2022
8	Horner Syndrome and Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Due to Biopsy-Proven Giant Cell Arteritis. ⁶²	Kang T...Williams ZR	36000760	2022
9	Abducens Nerve Palsy as a Presenting Symptom of Multiple Sclerosis. ⁶²	Sundaram AN...Gelkopf MJ	36017545	2022
10	Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia as an Isolated Symptom of Brainstem Wake-up Stroke Responsive to Intravenous Thrombolysis: Evidence from MRI. ⁶²	Barbagallo G...Barbarini L	36017839	2022
11	[A case of cardioembloic stroke with wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) syndrome]. ⁶²	Wako S...Kitagawa K	35753783	2022
12	Corticosteroid-induced bradycardia in multiple sclerosis and maturity-onset diabetes of the young due to hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha mutation: A case report. ⁶²	Sohn SY...Joo IS	36158012	2022
13	Update on the medial longitudinal fasciculus syndrome. ⁶²	Lee SH...Kim JS	35258687	2022
14	Strabismus surgery outcomes for internuclear ophthalmoplegia with exotropia. ⁶²	Nelson DG...Peragallo JH	35438603	2022
15	Teaching Caseimage: Acute unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) rapidly progressing to Exotropic Bilateral INO (EBINO). ⁶²	Landman A...Lunagariya A	35434420	2022
16	Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Characterizes Multiple Sclerosis Rather Than Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease. ⁶²	Hamza MM...Gokoffski KK	35427281	2022
17	Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting as Wernekinck commissure syndrome: A case report. ⁶²	Tang X...Chen Y	35102820	2022
18	Titanium T-Plate as a Stabilizing Platform in the Management of Acquired Nystagmus and Oscillopsia Without a Null Zone. ⁶²	Chen Y...Tse D	35093990	2022
19	[Causes of visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease]. ⁶²	Diederich NJ	34342675	2022
20	Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, skew deviation and nystagmus from facial colliculus infarction: small lesion big trouble. ⁶²	Valente DV...Felix AC	35366190	2022
21	Oblique saccades in internuclear ophthalmoplegia. ⁶²	Rock O...Barton JJS	35067725	2022
22	Mild Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia: The Diagnostic Role of the Vertical Posterior Canal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Acute Brainstem Demyelination, a Clinical-Radiologic Correlation. ⁶²	Manrique LG...Kattah JC	34001732	2022
23	A Rare Neuro-Ophthalmological Condition in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Eight-and-a-Half Syndrome, Case Report and Review of the Literature. ⁶²	Cruciani A...Assenza G	35447982	2022
24	Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with etanercept. ⁶²	Chen T	34353861	2022
25	Post-COVID simultaneous onset of Graves' disease and ocular myasthenia gravis in a patient with a complex ocular motility impairment. ⁶²	De Giglio L...Pennisi EM	35167395	2022
26	Downbeat Nystagmus Associated With Wall-Eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia in Paramedian Pontine Tegmentum Infarction. ⁶²	Kudo Y...Johkura K	35234687	2022
27	Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO): what does it mean to be wall-eyed? ⁶²	Bennetto L...Lueck CJ	34836932	2022
28	Transient internuclear ophthalmoplegia following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. ⁶²	Cordeiro KN...Brooks NP	36447899	2022
29	Cerebral demyelination with internuclear ophthalmoplegia following wasp sting. ⁶²	Mathew J...Abbasi SA	34402707	2022
30	Case report: A variant of wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia from unilateral pons infarction. ⁶²	Wang T...Han J	36161185	2022
31	Conservative and Surgical Management of Unilateral and Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO)-A Retrospective Analysis. ⁶²	Simmons J...Rhodes M	36420121	2022
32	Disorders of vision in multiple sclerosis. ⁶²	Dhanapalaratnam R...Krishnan AV	34348598	2022
33	Eight-and-a-Half Syndrome Secondary to Neurotoxoplasmosis: A Rare Case Report. ⁶²	Cavalcante-Neto JF...Ribeiro EML	36337230	2022
34	How does a small area cause big syndromes? A case report of a patient with one-and-a-half syndrome and MRI review of the anatomical pathways involved in causing different pontine neuro-ophthalmological syndromes. ⁶²	Carla GA...Jibran MN	34786518	2021
35	Rare case of chemotherapy-refractory metastatic vaginal squamous cell carcinoma with complete response to concurrent pembrolizumab and radiotherapy- case report and literature review. ⁶²	Ansari J...Balaraj K	34926759	2021
36	I think I have double vision? Or not? Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia following right lacunar infarct. ⁶²	Lee HN...Subrayan V	34806694	2021
37	Ophthalmic manifestations of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorder other than optic neuritis: a systematic review. ⁶²	Vosoughi AR...Micieli JA	32998905	2021
38	Seropositive Muscle-Specific Tyrosine Kinase Myasthenia Gravis Presenting as a Late-Onset Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy: A Case Report and a Brief Review of Subtypes of Myasthenia Gravis. ⁶²	Park G...Kesserwani H	34934570	2021
39	Nystagmus: Diagnosis, Topographic Anatomical Localization and Therapy. ⁶²	Strupp ML...Helmchen C	34784642	2021
40	An Unusual Case of Isolated Acute Aphasia in Multiple Sclerosis. ⁶²	Saeed H...Rehan A	34722056	2021
41	Eight-and-a-half syndrome: a rare presentation. ⁶²	Ingle V...Kashyap M	34479896	2021
42	Wall eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) syndrome as a false localising sign in intracranial haemorrhage due to snake bite. ⁶²	Sinha S...Ghanekar J	34521743	2021
43	Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia in a Child With Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2. ⁶²	Mandviwala MM...Walsh RD	34629408	2021
44	Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Due to Cryptococcal Meningitis. ⁶²	Karimaghaei C...Lee AG	34629396	2021
45	Wall-Eyed Monocular Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Syndrome in Midbrain Infarction. ⁶²	Yang SL...Han X	34507429	2021
46	Eight and a Half Syndrome: A Rare Case of Pontine Infarction. ⁶²	Kowsalya A...DO ST	35996790	2021
47	Wall-Eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) in a Patient With a Unilateral Midbrain Infarction. ⁶²	Jo YS...Na SJ	34190210	2021
48	Internuclear ophthalmoplegia as an atypical presentation of lacunar stroke in CADASIL. ⁶²	Figueiredo C...Costa C	33387205	2021
49	Exotropic bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia following a superior cerebellar artery aneurysm clipping. ⁶²	Bailey MD...Lee AG	33080178	2021
50	MRI topography of lesions related to internuclear ophthalmoplegia in patients with multiple sclerosis or ischemic stroke. ⁶²	Kleinsorge MT...Eisele P	33793026	2021

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Genes for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Genes related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (0 elite genes):

(show all 13)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	AQP4	Aquaporin 4	Protein Coding	6.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
2	MOG	Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein	Protein Coding	5.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
3	IFNB1	Interferon Beta 1	Protein Coding	4.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
4	GALM	Galactose Mutarotase	Protein Coding	4.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
5	COLQ	Collagen Like Tail Subunit Of Asymmetric Acetylcholinesterase	Protein Coding	4.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
6	MBP	Myelin Basic Protein	Protein Coding	4.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
7	POLG	DNA Polymerase Gamma, Catalytic Subunit	Protein Coding	4.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
8	MUSK	Muscle Associated Receptor Tyrosine Kinase	Protein Coding	4.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
9	LRP4	LDL Receptor Related Protein 4	Protein Coding	4.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	CACNA1A	Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 A	Protein Coding	4.41	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	OMG	Oligodendrocyte Myelin Glycoprotein	Protein Coding	4.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
12	PNMA2	PNMA Family Member 2	Protein Coding	4.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
13	KLHL11	Kelch Like Family Member 11	Protein Coding	4.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

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Variations for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

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Expression for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia.

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Pathways for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Pathways related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Oligodendrocyte specification and differentiation, leading to myelin components for CNS ⁷⁴	10.07	OMG MOG

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GO Terms for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Cellular components related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neuromuscular junction	GO:0031594	9.1	MUSK LRP4 COLQ

Biological processes related to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	negative regulation of axonogenesis	GO:0050771	9.46	MBP LRP4
2	regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction	GO:0008582	9.26	MUSK COLQ
3	skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering	GO:0071340	9.1	MUSK LRP4 COLQ

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Sources for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: INT042 MIFTS: 37	Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Categories: Eye diseases, Neuronal diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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