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MCID: ISL004
MIFTS: 26

Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

Categories: Endocrine diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency:

Name: Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency 24
Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism 24 71
Hypogonadism, Isolated Hypogonadotropic 71
Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism 24
Isolated Gonadotropin Deficiency 71

Characteristics:

GeneReviews:

24
Penetrance The underlying genetic etiology typically determines the penetrance of both reproductive and non-reproductive phenotypes....

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Endocrine diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

UMLS 71 C0271577 C0342384 C3489396
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Summaries for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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MalaCards based summary : Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency, also known as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, is related to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 8 with or without anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 9 with or without anosmia. An important gene associated with Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency is GNRH1 (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone 1). The drugs Menotropins and Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pituitary, testes and bone.

GeneReviews: NBK1334
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Related Diseases for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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Diseases related to Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 102)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 8 with or without anosmia 12.1
2 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 9 with or without anosmia 12.1
3 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 1 with or without anosmia 12.1
4 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 4 with or without anosmia 12.1
5 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 5 with or without anosmia 12.1
6 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 12 with or without anosmia 12.1
7 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 14 with or without anosmia 12.1
8 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 3 with or without anosmia 12.1
9 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 6 with or without anosmia 12.1
10 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 10 with or without anosmia 12.1
11 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 11 with or without anosmia 12.1
12 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 13 with or without anosmia 12.1
13 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 15 with or without anosmia 12.1
14 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 16 with or without anosmia 12.1
15 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 17 with or without anosmia 12.1
16 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 18 with or without anosmia 12.1
17 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 19 with or without anosmia 12.1
18 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 20 with or without anosmia 12.1
19 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 21 with or without anosmia 12.1
20 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 22 with or without anosmia 12.1
21 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 23 without anosmia 11.8
22 cryptorchidism, unilateral or bilateral 10.7
23 infertility 10.4
24 coloboma of macula 10.4
25 sexual disorder 10.4
26 male infertility 10.4
27 amenorrhea 10.4
28 azoospermia 10.4
29 charge syndrome 10.3
30 hypogonadism, male 10.3
31 impotence 10.3
32 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 10.3
33 hypogonadism 10.3
34 branchiootic syndrome 1 10.2
35 hypospadias 10.2
36 infant gynecomastia 10.2
37 gynecomastia 10.2
38 cleft lip 10.2
39 cleft lip/palate 10.2
40 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 7 with or without anosmia 10.2
41 chromosome 2q35 duplication syndrome 10.2
42 pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, 2 10.2
43 yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome 10.2
44 anosmia, isolated congenital 10.1
45 autoimmune disease 10.1
46 gastroesophageal reflux 10.1
47 cat eye syndrome 10.1
48 diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent 10.1
49 hypertelorism 10.1
50 osteoporosis 10.1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency:



Diseases related to Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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Drugs for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 46)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Menotropins Approved Phase 4 61489-71-2, 9002-68-0 5360545
2 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4
3 Anabolic Agents Phase 4
4
Sodium citrate Approved, Investigational Phase 2 68-04-2
5
Testosterone Approved, Experimental, Investigational Phase 2 58-22-0, 481-30-1 10204 6013
6
Citric acid Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 2 77-92-9 311
7
Enclomiphene Investigational Phase 2 15690-57-0
8 Estrogen Antagonists Phase 2
9 Estrogen Receptor Antagonists Phase 2
10 Estrogens Phase 2
11 Citrate Phase 2
12 Estrogen Receptor Modulators Phase 2
13 Clomiphene Phase 2
14 Zuclomiphene Phase 2
15 Hormone Antagonists Phase 2
16 Hormones Phase 2
17 Follicle Stimulating Hormone Phase 2
18
Anastrozole Approved, Investigational Phase 1 120511-73-1 2187
19 Insulin, Globin Zinc Phase 1
20 insulin Phase 1
21 Aromatase Inhibitors Phase 1
22
Ketoconazole Approved, Investigational 65277-42-1 47576
23
Clotrimazole Approved, Vet_approved 23593-75-1 2812
24
Miconazole Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved 22916-47-8 4189
25
Testosterone enanthate Approved 315-37-7 9416
26
Testosterone undecanoate Approved, Investigational 5949-44-0
27
Methyltestosterone Approved 58-18-4 6010
28
Estradiol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved 50-28-2 5757
29
Estrone Approved 53-16-7 5870
30
Polyestradiol phosphate Approved 28014-46-2
31
Vitamin A Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved 22737-96-8, 68-26-8, 11103-57-4 9904001 445354
32 Acyline Investigational 170157-13-8
33 Retinol palmitate
34 retinol
35 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
36 Anti-Infective Agents
37 Antifungal Agents
38 Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
39 Testosterone 17 beta-cypionate
40 Androgens
41 Chorionic Gonadotropin
42 Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate
43 Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination
44 Estradiol 3-benzoate
45 Trisequens
46 Estropipate 7280-37-7

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 19)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Pulsatile Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Pump Treatment in Patients With Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Unknown status NCT02310074 Phase 4 Pulsatile Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone;Human chorionic gonadotropin;Urinary Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
2 Effects of Three Different Medications on Metabolic Parameters and Testicular Volume in Patients With Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism-Last Three Years Experience Completed NCT01601327 Phase 4 Testosterone enanthate (Sustanon 250 mg);Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (Pregnyl 5000 IU);Testosteron gel (Testojel 50 mg)
3 Efficacy and Safety of Long Term Use of hCG or hCG Plus hMG in the Treatment of Male Patients With Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: an Open, Randomized Controlled Study Recruiting NCT03687606 Phase 4 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin;human menopausal gonadotropin
4 A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Androxal® in Improving Glycemic Control in Men With Secondary Hypogonadism or Adult-onset Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (AIHH) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Sub-Optimum Treatment Completed NCT01191320 Phase 2 Placebo;Androxal
5 Role of FSH in Human Gonadal Development Terminated NCT00064987 Phase 2 gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH);follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
6 Effect of Varying Testosterone Levels on Insulin Sensitivity in Men With Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Terminated NCT03118479 Phase 1 Anastrozole Pill;Testosterone;Placebo Oral Tablet
7 Plasma RBP Levels in Patients With Idiopathic Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism Completed NCT01758094 Sustanon 250 mg ampule (Testosterone esters)
8 Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress Parameters of Patients With Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and the Change of These Parameters With Gonadotropin Replacement Therapy Completed NCT02728440 human chorionic gonadotropin, human menopausal gonadotropin
9 The Effects of Gonadotropin Replacement Therapy in Patients With Hypogonadism Completed NCT02042638 hCG 1500 IU three times a week;Pregnyl (hCG) ampule 1500 IU/three times a week
10 Effect of Varying Testosterone Levels on Insulin Sensitivity in Normal and IHH Men Completed NCT00470990 GnRH antagonist (Acyline)
11 Feedback Control of FSH Secretion in the Human Male Completed NCT00392457 ketoconazole;gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
12 Role of Gonadotropin Pulsations in the Reversal of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Recruiting NCT00392756 gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
13 Molecular Basis of Inherited Reproductive Disorders Recruiting NCT00494169
14 Baselines in Reproductive Disorders Recruiting NCT00456274
15 The Role of Gonadotropin Pulsations in the Regulation of Puberty and Fertility Recruiting NCT01511588
16 The Molecular Basis of Inherited Reproductive Disorders Recruiting NCT01500447
17 The Effects of 7 Days of Exogenous Pulsatile GnRH Treatment on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadal Subjects Active, not recruiting NCT00493961 gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
18 Kallmann Syndrome in Finland Enrolling by invitation NCT00623116 Short withdrawal of testosterone, gonadotropins or estrogenic compounds (see below)
19 Detailed Clinical, Biochemical and Genetic Characterization in GnRH Deficiency Disorders Terminated NCT01165619

Search NIH Clinical Center for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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Genetic Tests for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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Anatomical Context for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency:

40
Pituitary, Testes, Bone, Prostate, Testis, Brain, Liver
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Publications for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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Articles related to Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency:

(show top 50) (show all 420)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Phenotypic spectrum of POLR3B mutations: isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism without neurological or dental anomalies. 24 61
27512013 2017
2
Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Caused by Inactivating Mutations in SRA1. 61 24
27086651 2016
3
Functional consequences of AXL sequence variants in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 24 61
24476074 2014
4
Reversal and relapse of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: resilience and fragility of the reproductive neuroendocrine system. 61 24
24423288 2014
5
Olfactory phenotypic spectrum in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: pathophysiological and genetic implications. 24 61
22072740 2012
6
Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1, a gene involved in extracellular sugar modifications, is mutated in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. 61 24
21700882 2011
7
Nasal embryonic LHRH factor (NELF) mutations in patients with normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome. 24 61
21300340 2011
8
WDR11, a WD protein that interacts with transcription factor EMX1, is mutated in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome. 24 61
20887964 2010
9
Oligogenic basis of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency. 61 24
20696889 2010
10
Congenital idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: evidence of defects in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testes. 61 24
20382682 2010
11
TAC3/TACR3 mutations reveal preferential activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone release by neurokinin B in neonatal life followed by reversal in adulthood. 24 61
20332248 2010
12
The genetic and molecular basis of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 61 24
19707180 2009
13
GNRH1 mutations in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 61 24
19567835 2009
14
Isolated familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and a GNRH1 mutation. 24 61
19535795 2009
15
CHD7 mutations in patients initially diagnosed with Kallmann syndrome--the clinical overlap with CHARGE syndrome. 24 61
19021638 2009
16
Mutations in CHD7, encoding a chromatin-remodeling protein, cause idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome. 61 24
18834967 2008
17
Mutations in prokineticin 2 and prokineticin receptor 2 genes in human gonadotrophin-releasing hormone deficiency: molecular genetics and clinical spectrum. 24 61
18559922 2008
18
Decreased FGF8 signaling causes deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans and mice. 24 61
18596921 2008
19
The prevalence of intragenic deletions in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome. 24 61
18463157 2008
20
Mutations in the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor: insights into receptor biology and function. 61 24
17710733 2007
21
Reversal of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 61 24
17761590 2007
22
Coding sequence analysis of GNRHR and GPR54 in patients with congenital and adult-onset forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 61 24
17074994 2006
23
Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 cause Kallmann syndrome with a wide spectrum of reproductive phenotypes. 61 24
16764984 2006
24
Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 cause both Kallmann syndrome and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 24 61
16606836 2006
25
The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty. 24 61
14573733 2003
26
Predictors of outcome of long-term GnRH therapy in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 24 61
12213860 2002
27
The role of prior pubertal development, biochemical markers of testicular maturation, and genetics in elucidating the phenotypic heterogeneity of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 24 61
11788640 2002
28
The fertile eunuch variant of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: spontaneous reversal associated with a homozygous mutation in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. 61 24
11397842 2001
29
The importance of autosomal genes in Kallmann syndrome: genotype-phenotype correlations and neuroendocrine characteristics. 61 24
11297579 2001
30
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann's syndrome): pathophysiological and genetic considerations. 61 24
9793755 1998
31
Adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--a treatable form of male infertility. 61 24
9010147 1997
32
The genetic and clinical heterogeneity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human. 61 24
8954047 1996
33
Clinical review 4: Diagnosis and treatment of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in men. 61 24
2403572 1990
34
The spectrum of abnormal patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: clinical and laboratory correlations. 61 24
3098771 1987
35
Induction of puberty in men by long-term pulsatile administration of low-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone. 61 24
6813732 1982
36
CCDC141 Mutation Identified in Anosmic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (Kallmann Syndrome) Alters GnRH Neuronal Migration. 24
27014940 2016
37
Expert consensus document: European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. 24
26194704 2015
38
Dysfunctional SEMA3E signaling underlies gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron deficiency in Kallmann syndrome. 24
25985275 2015
39
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum and variability of endocrine abnormalities associated with TUBB3 E410K syndrome. 24
25559402 2015
40
Loss-of-Function SOX10 Mutation in a Patient with Kallmann Syndrome, Hearing Loss, and Iris Hypopigmentation. 24
26228106 2015
41
Functionally compromised CHD7 alleles in patients with isolated GnRH deficiency. 24
25472840 2014
42
Mutations in FEZF1 cause Kallmann syndrome. 24
25192046 2014
43
Trial of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone pretreatment for GnRH-induced fertility in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 24
24037890 2013
44
Prioritizing genetic testing in patients with Kallmann syndrome using clinical phenotypes. 24
23533228 2013
45
Loss-of-function mutations in SOX10 cause Kallmann syndrome with deafness. 24
23643381 2013
46
Ataxia, dementia, and hypogonadotropism caused by disordered ubiquitination. 24
23656588 2013
47
Mutations in FGF17, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY4, and FLRT3 are identified in individuals with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 24
23643382 2013
48
A novel syndrome caused by the E410K amino acid substitution in the neuronal β-tubulin isotype 3. 24
23378218 2013
49
When genetic load does not correlate with phenotypic spectrum: lessons from the GnRH receptor (GNRHR). 24
22745237 2012
50
SEMA3A, a gene involved in axonal pathfinding, is mutated in patients with Kallmann syndrome. 24
22927827 2012
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Variations for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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Expression for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency.
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Pathways for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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GO Terms for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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Sources for Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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