Kwashiorkor disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: KWS001 MIFTS: 46	Kwashiorkor Categories: Metabolic diseases, Skin diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Kwashiorkor

MalaCards integrated aliases for Kwashiorkor:

Name: Kwashiorkor ¹² ⁷⁷ ⁴⁵ ¹⁵ ¹⁷ ⁷⁴

Nutritional Oedema with Dyspigmentation of Skin and/or Hair ¹²

Nutritional Edema with Dyspigmentation of Skin and Hair ¹²

Kwashiokor ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Metabolic diseases
Anatomical: Skin diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³⁴

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

Malnutrition

Kwashiorkor

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:13579

ICD9CM ³⁶ 260

MeSH ⁴⁵ D007732

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁹ 58262005

ICD10 ³⁴ E40

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_1001009

UMLS ⁷⁴ C0022806

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Summaries for Kwashiorkor

Disease Ontology : ¹² A protein-energy malnutrition that is characterized by severe lack of protein and edema or anasarca, has symptom swelling, gastrointestinal upset, dehydration, thin dry skin, and cough, and has material basis in severe deficit of protein, resulting in lack of albumin causing decreased oncotic pressure in the vasculature and increased activation of the renin-angiotensin axis and antidiuretic hormone.

MalaCards based summary : Kwashiorkor, also known as nutritional oedema with dyspigmentation of skin and/or hair, is related to marasmus and protein-energy malnutrition, and has symptoms including swelling An important gene associated with Kwashiorkor is ALB (Albumin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Selenium Micronutrient Network and FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks. The drugs Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, testes and bone, and related phenotype is renal/urinary system.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁷ Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by edema, and an enlarged liver with... more...

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Related Diseases for Kwashiorkor

Diseases related to Kwashiorkor via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 167)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	marasmus	32.4	ALB SHBG SIAE TTR
2	protein-energy malnutrition	30.4	ALB GPT TTR
3	portal hypertension	29.9	ALB F2 GPT
4	noma	29.7	ALB INS
5	hepatitis	29.7	F2 GPT SLC17A5
6	fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic 1	29.3	GPT INS SLC17A5
7	liver disease	29.1	ALB F2 GPT INS SLC17A5
8	liver cirrhosis	28.9	ALB F2 GPT SLC17A5 TTR
9	familial lcat deficiency	10.3	ALB LCAT
10	antipyrine metabolism	10.3	ALB F2
11	non-a-e hepatitis	10.3	ALB F2
12	epstein-barr virus hepatitis	10.3	ALB F2
13	fatty liver disease	10.3
14	fournier gangrene	10.3	ALB F2
15	abdominal tuberculosis	10.3	ALB F2
16	hepatoportal sclerosis	10.3	F2 GPT
17	splenic disease	10.3	ALB F2
18	esophageal varix	10.3	ALB F2
19	ascending cholangitis	10.3	ALB F2
20	hepatitis d	10.3	F2 GPT
21	hypersplenism	10.3	ALB F2
22	hepatorenal syndrome	10.3	ALB F2
23	autoimmune disease of urogenital tract	10.3	ALB F2
24	hepatic vascular disease	10.3	ALB F2
25	pellagra	10.3
26	pulmonary artery disease	10.2	ALB F2
27	arcus corneae	10.2	ALB LCAT
28	dysfibrinogenemia	10.2	ALB F2
29	vein disease	10.2	ALB F2
30	paraquat poisoning	10.2	GPT SLC17A5
31	pyridoxine deficiency	10.2	GPT SLC17A5
32	intermittent claudication	10.2	ALB F2
33	legionnaires' disease	10.2	ALB SLC17A5
34	paramyloidosis	10.2	ALB TTR
35	typhoid fever	10.2	ALB F2
36	dengue hemorrhagic fever	10.2	ALB F2
37	scrub typhus	10.2	GPT SLC17A5
38	biliary tract disease	10.2	ALB F2
39	decubitus ulcer	10.2	ALB TTR
40	aleutian mink disease	10.2	ALB TTR
41	chronic ulcer of skin	10.2	ALB TTR
42	meningoencephalitis	10.2	ALB SLC17A5
43	thyroid crisis	10.2	ALB TTR
44	hyperthyroxinemia	10.2	ALB TTR
45	lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency	10.1	ALB LCAT
46	cholelithiasis	10.1	ALB GPT
47	blind loop syndrome	10.1	ALB TTR
48	amyloidosis aa	10.1	LCAT TTR
49	thrombophilia due to activated protein c resistance	10.1	F2 SHBG
50	hepatic tuberculosis	10.1	ALB F2 GPT

Comorbidity relations with Kwashiorkor via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 14)

Active Peptic Ulcer Disease	Acute Cystitis
Acute Kidney Failure	Chronic Kidney Failure
Decubitus Ulcer	Deficiency Anemia
Familial Atrial Fibrillation	Heart Disease
Iron Deficiency Anemia	Paralytic Ileus
Protein-Energy Malnutrition	Respiratory Failure
Schizophreniform Disorder	Swallowing Disorders

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Kwashiorkor:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Kwashiorkor

Symptoms:

¹²

• swelling

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Kwashiorkor:

⁴⁷

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.02	ALB INS LCAT SIAE TTR

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Kwashiorkor

Drugs for Kwashiorkor (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 46)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Sulfamethoxazole

Approved

Phase 3

723-46-6

5329

Trimethoprim

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

738-70-5

5578

Rifaximin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

80621-81-4

6436173 46783403

Lactulose

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

4618-18-2

11333

Azithromycin

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

83905-01-5

55185 447043

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Phase 3

Antimalarials

Phase 3

Antiparasitic Agents

Phase 3,Not Applicable

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary

Phase 3

Antiprotozoal Agents

Phase 3,Not Applicable

Renal Agents

Phase 3

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 2, Phase 3,Not Applicable

Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists

Phase 2, Phase 3

diuretics

Phase 2, Phase 3

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 2, Phase 3

Liver Extracts

Phase 2, Phase 3

Hormones

Phase 2, Phase 3

Hydrocortisone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

50-03-3

Hydrocortisone

Approved, Vet_approved

50-23-7

5754

Zidovudine

Approved

30516-87-1

35370

Nevirapine

Approved

129618-40-2

4463

Lamivudine

Approved, Investigational

134678-17-4

60825

Amoxicillin

Approved, Vet_approved

Not Applicable

26787-78-0

33613

Cefdinir

Approved

Not Applicable

91832-40-5

6915944

Micronutrients

Not Applicable

Trace Elements

Not Applicable

Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate

Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate

Anti-Retroviral Agents

Not Applicable

alanine

Not Applicable

Antioxidants

Not Applicable

cysteine

Not Applicable

Nutrients

Not Applicable

Antimetabolites

Antiviral Agents

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Anti-HIV Agents

Whey Protein

Not Applicable

leucine

Not Applicable

Anesthetics

Vitamins

Not Applicable

Soy Bean

Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 34)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Reformulated F75 Milk to Treat Severe Acute Malnutrition	Completed	NCT02246296	Phase 2, Phase 3
2	Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Severely Malnourished Children	Completed	NCT00934492	Phase 3	Cotrimoxazole dispersible tablet;Placebo dispersible tablet
3	Growth Hormone Therapy in Liver Cirrhosis	Recruiting	NCT03420144	Phase 2, Phase 3	Standard Medical Therapy;Growth Hormone
4	Protein Plus: Improving Infant Growth Through Diet and Enteric Health	Recruiting	NCT03683667	Phase 2, Phase 3	Azithromycin Oral Product;Placebos
5	Protein Supplementation Impact On Body Muscle Mass And Fat Mass In Qataris Post Bariatric Surgery, Randomized Controlled Trials (Rct)	Unknown status	NCT03147456	Not Applicable
6	Testing the Developmental Origins Hypothesis	Unknown status	NCT01545492
7	Nutritional Rehabilitation in Senegalese HIV-infected Children and Adolescents	Unknown status	NCT03101852	Not Applicable
8	The Role of Sulfur Amino Acids in Risk of Kwashiorkor	Completed	NCT03520621
9	Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Kwashiorkor	Completed	NCT00429351
10	Study of Antioxidants and Oxidants in Malnourished Children	Completed	NCT00069134	Not Applicable
11	Effect of Protein Supplementation After Bariatric Surgery	Completed	NCT02001636	Not Applicable	Resource Instant Protein 88;Resource Maltodextrin
12	Developmental Adaptation to an Obesogenic Environment	Completed	NCT02257593	Not Applicable
13	Safety and Metabolic Study of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Malnourished Children With HIV	Completed	NCT01529125		zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine
14	Pilot Study of PUFA-optimized RUTF for Severe Acute Malnutrition	Completed	NCT02053857	Not Applicable	Amoxicillin
15	Effectiveness of Oral Antibiotics in the Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition	Completed	NCT01000298	Not Applicable	Placebo;Amoxicillin;Cefdinir
16	Increase Protein Intake of Older Meal Service Clients With Readymade Protein-rich Meals and Foods	Completed	NCT03032237	Not Applicable
17	Mothers Understand And Can do it - Mid Upper Arm Circumference Screening for Malnutrition Performed by Mothers	Completed	NCT01790815
18	Laparoscopic Revision From Biliopancreatic Diversion to Gastric Bypass	Completed	NCT01041456
19	Intra Hemodialytic Oral Protein and Exercise (IHOPE)	Completed	NCT01234441	Not Applicable
20	Revisional Surgery After 925 OAGB[One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass] Operations Retrospective Cohort Study of the UK MGB/OAGB Collaborative Group.	Completed	NCT03859596
21	Effect of a Complementary Food Supplement on Growth and Morbidity of Ghanaian Infants	Completed	NCT03181178	Not Applicable
22	Sixteen Years Trends in Reported Undernutrition in Switzerland	Completed	NCT03239093
23	Characterizing the Gut Microbiota Alteration Associated With Severe Acute Malnutrition	Completed	NCT02413905
24	Laparoscopic Revision of Jejunoileal Bypass to Gastric Bypass	Completed	NCT01040533
25	Formative Research Study to Address Protein Intake in Children and Analysis of Breast Milk Nutrient Content in Mothers	Recruiting	NCT03140696	Not Applicable
26	Sarcopenia Prevention With a Targeted Exercise and Protein Supplementation Program	Recruiting	NCT03417531	Not Applicable
27	Pilot Suty of the Assessment of Food Preferences After Bariatric Surgery (BariaTaste Pilot)	Recruiting	NCT03486210
28	Single Anastomosis Duodeno-ileal Bypass With Sleeve Gastrectomy (SADI-S): A Prospective Cohort Study	Recruiting	NCT02792166	Not Applicable
29	Egg White for Phosphorus Control in Haemodialysis Patients	Active, not recruiting	NCT03236701	Not Applicable
30	Use of Low-level Laser Therapy on Children Aged One to Five Years With Energy-protein Malnutrition	Enrolling by invitation	NCT03355313	Not Applicable
31	Loop Duodenal Switch Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients	Terminated	NCT02671331
32	Bariatric Surgery for ESRD Patients vs Control	Terminated	NCT00580762	Not Applicable
33	Effectiveness of Supplementary Feeding During Infection Among Moderately Malnourished Children	Terminated	NCT00890695	Not Applicable
34	Effectiveness of Oral Albendazole in the Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition	Withdrawn	NCT01395381	Not Applicable	Placebo;Albendazole

Search NIH Clinical Center for Kwashiorkor

Cochrane evidence based reviews: kwashiorkor

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Genetic Tests for Kwashiorkor

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Anatomical Context for Kwashiorkor

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Kwashiorkor:

⁴²

Skin, Testes, Bone, Breast, Heart, Pancreas, Brain

Sources

Publications for Kwashiorkor

Articles related to Kwashiorkor:

(show top 50) (show all 1005)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Acute kwashiorkor in the setting of cerebral palsy and pancreatic insufficiency. ( 30758347 )	Marks RR...Davis LS	2019
2	Nutritional Treatment of a Young Infant with Cystic Fibrosis Presenting with Severe Kwashiorkor Dermatosis. ( 30897613 )	Sandy NS...Nogueira RJN	2019
3	Kwashiorkor ( 29939653 )	Benjamin O....Lappin S.L.	2018
4	Choline Supplementation Prevents a Hallmark Disturbance of Kwashiorkor in Weanling Mice Fed a Maize Vegetable Diet: Hepatic Steatosis of Undernutrition. ( 29786674 )	May T....Fiorotto M.L.	2018
5	50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Do We Know How to Treat Kwashiorkor? ( 29703355 )	Oliveira S.B.	2018
6	Lost in Aggregation: The Geographic Distribution of Kwashiorkor in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. ( 30136596 )	Fitzpatrick M...Maxwell D	2018
7	Acute presentation of post-operative kwashiorkor and refeeding syndrome complicated by chronic Strongyloides infection in an elderly patient. ( 30182412 )	Tan MCY...Wong TH	2018
8	Switching to normal diet reverses kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments via increased nitric oxide level and expression of aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands of male Wistar rats. ( 30212637 )	Lasisi TJ...Alada AR	2018
9	Malaria and Malnutrition: Kwashiorkor Associated with Low Levels of Parasitaemia. ( 30533212 )	Fevang P...H?stmark AT	2018
10	Genome sequence and description of<i>Mobilicoccus massiliensis</i>sp. nov. isolated from the stool of a Nigerian boy with kwashiorkor. ( 29158905 )	Mathlouthi N....Rolain J.M.	2017
11	A child with kwashiorkor misdiagnosed as atopic dermatitis. ( 28537869 )	Henrique de S B Xavier M....BraganAsa Oliveira N.	2017
12	From Kwashiorkor to Edematous Malnutrition. ( 28984257 )	Singh P....Seth A.	2017
13	Genome sequence and description of Anaeromassilibacillus senegalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the gut of patient with kwashiorkor. ( 28289546 )	Guilhot E....Khelaifia S.	2017
14	Kwashiorkor: an unexpected complication to anorexia nervosa. ( 27852657 )	Palm C.V....ving R.K.	2016
15	Anaeromassilibacillus senegalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the gut of a child with kwashiorkor. ( 27330815 )	Guilhot E....Khelaifia S.	2016
16	Iatrogenic kwashiorkor after distal gastric bypass surgery: the consequences of receiving multinational treatment. ( 26908419 )	Pitt R....Labib M.H.	2016
17	Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Kenyan Leafy Green Vegetables, Wild Fruits, and Medicinal Plants with Potential Relevance for Kwashiorkor. ( 26236384 )	Tufts H.R....Johns T.	2015
18	A kwashiorkor case due to the use of an exclusive rice milk diet to treat atopic dermatitis. ( 26293684 )	Mori F....Novembre E.	2015
19	Nutritional and other types of oedema, albumin, complex carbohydrates and the interstitium - a response to Malcolm Coulthard's hypothesis: Oedema in kwashiorkor is caused by hypo-albuminaemia. ( 25844980 )	Henry Golden M.	2015
20	Effects of induced-kwashiorkor on salivary parameters in Wistar rats. ( 26937525 )	Lasisi T.J....Alada A.R.	2015
21	Letter to the editor. Defence of my hypothesis that the oedema of kwashiorkor is caused by hypoalbuminaemia. ( 25975279 )	Coulthard M.G.	2015
22	Depression of neutrophil function followed by severe infection in a child with Marasmic Kwashiorkor. ( 26076789 )	Mironska K....Stavric K.	2015
23	Secondary Kwashiorkor: A Rare Complication of Gastric Bypass Surgery. ( 25498166 )	William J.H....Robson S.C.	2014
24	Flaky paint dermatosis. Kwashiorkor. ( 24285001 )	Cox J.A....Dominguez A.	2014
25	Hypothesis: oedema in kwashiorkor is caused by hypoalbuminaemia. ( 25223408 )	G Coulthard M.	2014
26	Dermatosis in children with oedematous malnutrition (Kwashiorkor): a review of the literature. ( 24661336 )	Heilskov S....Deleuran M.S.	2014
27	Iatrogenic kwashiorkor developing after bypass surgery. ( 23659833 )	Ghorbel H.H....Passeron T.	2014
28	Dermatitis and dangerous diets: a case of kwashiorkor. ( 24807070 )	Rogers A.S....Davis L.S.	2014
29	Diet and kwashiorkor: a prospective study from rural DR Congo. ( 24765584 )	Kismul H....Lunde T.M.	2014
30	Acute inpatient presentation of kwashiorkor: not just a diagnosis of the developing world. ( 22471276 )	Boyd K.P....Hughey L.C.	2013
31	Improvised peritoneal dialysis in an 18-month-old child with severe acute malnutrition (kwashiorkor) and acute kidney injury: a case report. ( 23809461 )	Fredrick F....Valentine G.	2013
32	Decreased metabolism of 13C-caffeine via hepatic CYP1A2 in marasmus and kwashiorkor based on breath test. ( 24114907 )	Oshikoya K.A....Smith K.	2013
33	Kwashiorkor and the gut microbiota. ( 23635056 )	Garrett W.S.	2013
34	Gut microbiomes of Malawian twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor. ( 23363771 )	Smith M.I....Gordon J.I.	2013
35	Kwashiorkor in India. 1955. ( 23045746 )	Gopalan C....Ramalingaswamy V.	2012
36	Prenatal factors contribute to the emergence of kwashiorkor or marasmus in severe undernutrition: evidence for the predictive adaptation model. ( 22558267 )	Forrester T.E....Gluckman P.D.	2012
37	Kwashiorkor and marasmus are both associated with impaired glucose clearance related to pancreatic I^-cell dysfunction. ( 22386944 )	Spoelstra M.N....Bandsma R.H.	2012
38	Kwashiorkor. ( 23045745 )	Ramachandran P.	2012
39	Using of WHO guidelines for the management of severe malnutrition to cases of marasmus and kwashiorkor in a Colombia children's hospital. ( 22072341 )	RamA-rez Prada D....Gil Campos M.	2011
40	Cutaneous manifestations of kwashiorkor: a case report of an adult man after abdominal surgery. ( 22281907 )	Mann D....Gripp A.C.	2011
41	Iatrogenic Kwashiorkor in three infants on a diet of rice beverages. ( 22122793 )	Diamanti A....Torre G.	2011
42	Kwashiorkor from a severe dietary restriction in an 8-month infant in suburban Detroit, Michigan: case report and review of the literature. ( 20534082 )	Tierney E.P....Shwayder T.	2010
43	INCAP studies of kwashiorkor and marasmus. ( 20461902 )	SCRIMSHAW N.S....Viteri F.E.	2010
44	Cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings in kwashiorkor. ( 20128668 )	Atalabi O.M....Akinyinka O.O.	2010
45	Hartnup disease masked by kwashiorkor. ( 20824986 )	Orbak Z....Konak M.	2010
46	Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries. ( 20393967 )	Odigwe C.C....Krawinkel M.B.	2010
47	Cutaneous presentation of kwashiorkor due to infantile Crohn's disease. ( 19352699 )	Al-Mubarak L....Al Goufi T.	2010
48	Kwashiorkor: more hypothesis testing is needed to understand the aetiology of oedema. ( 20345018 )	Manary M.J....Golden M.	2009
49	Reduced production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans occurs in Zambian children with kwashiorkor but not marasmus. ( 19116330 )	Amadi B....Murch S.H.	2009
50	Hypo-phosphataemia in children under five years with kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor. ( 20499782 )	Kimutai D....Murila F.	2009

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Genes for Kwashiorkor

Genes related to Kwashiorkor (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	24.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	GPT	Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase	Protein Coding	20.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	LCAT	Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	F2	Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	SHBG	Sex Hormone Binding Globulin	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	SLC17A5	Solute Carrier Family 17 Member 5	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	TTR	Transthyretin	Protein Coding	15.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	INS	Insulin	Protein Coding	14.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	SIAE	Sialic Acid Acetylesterase	Protein Coding	14.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

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Variations for Kwashiorkor

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Expression for Kwashiorkor

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Kwashiorkor.

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Pathways for Kwashiorkor

Pathways related to Kwashiorkor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ Show member pathways Folate Metabolism ¹ Metabolism of ingested MeSeO2H into MeSeH ⁶⁷ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	11.67	ALB F2 INS
2	FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks ¹	10.57	ALB F2 INS TTR
3	Cori Cycle ¹	10.16	GPT INS

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GO Terms for Kwashiorkor

Cellular components related to Kwashiorkor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.7	ALB F2 INS LCAT SHBG SIAE
2	extracellular exosome	GO:0070062	9.5	ALB F2 GPT LCAT SHBG SIAE
3	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	GO:0005788	9.43	ALB F2 INS
4	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.17	ALB F2 GPT INS LCAT SIAE

Biological processes related to Kwashiorkor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	acute-phase response	GO:0006953	9.32	F2 INS
2	negative regulation of proteolysis	GO:0045861	9.26	F2 INS
3	positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	GO:1900182	9.16	F2 INS
4	high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	GO:0034375	8.96	ALB LCAT
5	cellular protein metabolic process	GO:0044267	8.92	ALB F2 INS TTR

Molecular functions related to Kwashiorkor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	pyridoxal phosphate binding	GO:0030170	8.62	ALB GPT

Sources

Sources for Kwashiorkor

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FDA Approved Drugs

²⁰ FMA

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ Genetics Home Reference

²⁷ GenomeRNAi

²⁸ GEO DataSets

²⁹ GO

³⁰ GTR

³¹ HGMD

³² HMDB

³³ HPO

³⁴ ICD10

³⁵ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁶ ICD9CM

³⁷ IUPHAR

³⁸ KEGG

³⁹ LifeMap

⁴⁰ LncRNADisease

⁴¹ LOVD

⁴² MalaCards

⁴³ MedGen

⁴⁴ MedlinePlus

⁴⁵ MeSH

⁴⁶ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁷ MGI

⁴⁸ miR2Disease

⁴⁹ NCBI Bookshelf

⁵⁰ NCI

⁵¹ NCIt

⁵² NDF-RT

⁵³ NIH Clinical Center

⁵⁴ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁵ NINDS

⁵⁶ Novoseek

⁵⁷ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁸ OMIM

⁵⁹ OMIM via Orphanet

⁶⁰ Orphanet

⁶¹ PathCards

⁶² PharmGKB

⁶³ PubMed

⁶⁴ PubMed Health

⁶⁵ QIAGEN

⁶⁶ R&D Systems

⁶⁷ Reactome

⁶⁸ Sino Biological

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷¹ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷² TGDB

⁷³ Tocris

⁷⁴ UMLS

⁷⁵ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁶ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁷ Wikipedia