Kwashiorkor disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: KWS001 MIFTS: 45	Kwashiorkor Categories: Metabolic diseases, Skin diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Aliases & Classifications for Kwashiorkor

MalaCards integrated aliases for Kwashiorkor:

Name: Kwashiorkor ¹¹ ⁷⁵ ⁴³ ¹⁴ ¹⁶ ⁷¹ ³¹

Nutritional Oedema with Dyspigmentation of Skin and/or Hair ¹¹

Nutritional Edema with Dyspigmentation of Skin and Hair ¹¹

Kwashiokor ¹¹

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Metabolic diseases
Anatomical: Skin diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³¹

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

Malnutrition

Kwashiorkor

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:13579

ICD9CM ³⁴ 260

MeSH ⁴³ D007732

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 154730001

ICD10 ³¹ E40

EFO ¹⁶ EFO_1001009

UMLS ⁷¹ C0022806

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Summaries for Kwashiorkor

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A protein-energy malnutrition that is characterized by severe lack of protein and edema or anasarca, has symptom swelling, gastrointestinal upset, dehydration, thin dry skin, and cough, and has material basis in severe deficit of protein, resulting in lack of albumin causing decreased oncotic pressure in the vasculature and increased activation of the renin-angiotensin axis and antidiuretic hormone.

MalaCards based summary: Kwashiorkor, also known as nutritional oedema with dyspigmentation of skin and/or hair, is related to diarrhea and hypokalemia, and has symptoms including swelling An important gene associated with Kwashiorkor is ALB (Albumin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers and FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks. The drugs Azithromycin and Anti-Bacterial Agents have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, liver and breast, and related phenotype is cardiovascular system.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Kwashiorkor (/ˌkwɒʃiˈɔːrkɔːr, -kər/ KWOSH-ee-OR-kor, -⁠kər, UK also /ˌkwæʃ-/ KWASH-), or colloquially... more...

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Related Diseases for Kwashiorkor

Diseases related to Kwashiorkor via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 677)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	diarrhea	30.5	TTR LEP GPT ALB
2	hypokalemia	30.4	INS GPT ALB
3	marasmus	30.3	TTR LEP INS IGF1 CRP CD4
4	protein-energy malnutrition	30.2	TTR SHBG LEP IGF1 GPT ALB
5	pyridoxine deficiency	30.2	SLC17A5 GPT
6	nutritional deficiency disease	30.1	TTR LEP IGF1 F2 CRP ALB
7	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	29.7	LEP INS GPT CRP ALB
8	hypoglycemia	29.7	LEP INS IGF1 ALB
9	short bowel syndrome	29.7	TTR LEP IGF1
10	metabolic acidosis	29.7	IGF1 GPT F2 ALB
11	alcohol dependence	29.6	SLC17A5 LEP INS GPT ALB
12	exanthem	29.6	GPT F2 CRP CD4 ALB
13	alcoholic liver cirrhosis	29.6	LCAT INS GPT F2 ALB
14	sickle cell anemia	29.5	F2 CRP CD4 ALB
15	lactose intolerance	29.5	INS CRP ALB
16	anorexia nervosa	29.5	TTR SHBG LEP INS IGF1
17	portal hypertension	29.5	SLC17A5 IGF1 GPT F2 ALB
18	xerophthalmia	29.4	TTR CRP CD4
19	pericardial tuberculosis	29.4	CRP CD4
20	eating disorder	29.4	LEP INS IGF1
21	pericarditis	29.3	SLC17A5 LEP CRP
22	liver cirrhosis	29.3	TTR SLC17A5 LEP INS GPT F2
23	insulin-like growth factor i	29.3	SHBG LEP INS IGF1
24	dysentery	29.3	TTR CRP CD4 ALB
25	severe cutaneous adverse reaction	29.3	GPT CRP CD4
26	liver disease	29.1	SLC17A5 LEP INS GPT F2 ALB
27	peripheral vascular disease	29.1	LCAT INS F2 CRP ALB
28	cerebral palsy	29.0	LEP IGF1 F2 CRP ALB
29	chickenpox	29.0	GPT F2 CRP CD4 ALB
30	protein-losing enteropathy	28.9	TTR GPT F2 CRP CD4 ALB
31	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	28.9	IGF1 CRP CD4 ALB
32	glycogen storage disease	28.9	SHBG INS IGF1 CRP ALB
33	nephrotic syndrome	28.9	TTR LCAT INS F2 CRP CD4
34	thrombocytopenia	28.7	SLC17A5 GPT F2 CRP CD4 ALB
35	cystic fibrosis	28.6	LEP INS IGF1 CRP CD4 ANXA6
36	leptin deficiency or dysfunction	28.6	LEP INS IGF1 CRP CD4
37	malaria	28.6	INS IGF1 GPT F2 CRP CD4
38	deficiency anemia	28.5	TTR LEP LCAT INS IGF1 GPT
39	prediabetes syndrome	28.5	SHBG LEP INS IGF1 GPT CRP
40	skin disease	28.5	INS IGF1 GPT F2 CRP CD4
41	alcohol use disorder	28.5	SLC17A5 INS GPT F2 CRP CD4
42	celiac disease 1	28.3	LEP INS IGF1 GPT CRP CD4
43	vascular disease	28.3	TTR LEP INS IGF1 F2 CRP
44	lipid metabolism disorder	28.1	SLC17A5 SHBG LEP LCAT INS IGF1
45	hypertension, essential	27.2	TTR SHBG LEP LCAT INS IGF1
46	dipetalonemiasis	10.4	GPT ALB
47	nutmeg liver	10.4	GPT ALB
48	giant hemangioma	10.4	F2 ALB
49	heterophyiasis	10.4	GPT ALB
50	cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 20	10.3	F2 ALB

Comorbidity relations with Kwashiorkor via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 14)

Active Peptic Ulcer Disease	Acute Cystitis
Acute Kidney Failure	Chronic Kidney Disease
Decubitus Ulcer	Deficiency Anemia
Familial Atrial Fibrillation	Heart Disease
Iron Deficiency Anemia	Paralytic Ileus
Protein-Energy Malnutrition	Respiratory Failure
Schizophreniform Disorder	Swallowing Disorders

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Kwashiorkor:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Kwashiorkor

Symptoms:

¹¹

• swelling

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Kwashiorkor:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	9.32	ALB ANXA6 CRP F2 FAIM IGF1

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Kwashiorkor

Drugs for Kwashiorkor (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 35)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Azithromycin

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

83905-01-5

447043

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3

Amoxicillin

Approved, Vet_approved

26787-78-0

33613

Cefdinir

Approved

91832-40-5

6915944

Lamivudine

Approved, Investigational

134678-17-4

60825

Nevirapine

Approved

129618-40-2

4463

Zidovudine

Approved

30516-87-1

35370

Miconazole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

22916-47-8

4189

Clotrimazole

Approved, Vet_approved

23593-75-1

2812

Levoleucovorin

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

68538-85-2, 58-05-9, 73951-54-9

149436 6006

Cysteine

Approved, Nutraceutical

52-90-4

594 5862

D-Phenylalanine

Approved, Experimental, Investigational, Nutraceutical

63-91-2, 673-06-3

6140 71567

Folic acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

59-30-3

6037

Vitamin A

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

22737-96-8, 68-26-8

5280382 445354

Antioxidants

Antiviral Agents

Anti-Retroviral Agents

Antimetabolites

Anti-HIV Agents

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Trace Elements

Micronutrients

Caseins

Chelating Agents

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Vitamins

Folate

Vitamin B9

Vitamin B Complex

Antifungal Agents

Retinol palmitate

Whey Protein

D-Alanine

Experimental, Nutraceutical

302-72-7, 338-69-2, 56-41-7

101757026 602 71080 5950

D-Leucine

Experimental, Investigational, Nutraceutical

328-38-1, 61-90-5

439524 6106

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 33)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Efficacy of Supplemental Protein, Delivered Alone or in Combination With Treatment for Enteric Pathogens, to Prevent Growth Faltering in Bangladeshi Infants	Completed	NCT03683667	Phase 2, Phase 3	Azithromycin Oral Product;Placebos
2	Use of Low-level Laser Therapy on Children Aged One to Five Years With Energy-protein Malnutrition	Unknown status	NCT03355313
3	Comparative Effect of Protein Prescription Strategies on Nitrogen Balance and Upshots in Critically Ill Patients	Unknown status	NCT04468503
4	Acute Effect of Protein Intake During Dialysis on Intradialytic Blood Pressure, 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness Indices in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.	Unknown status	NCT03947710
5	Developmental Contribution to Macronutrient Selection and Appetite Control in Adult Survivors of Kwashiorkor and Marasmus	Completed	NCT02257593
6	Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Kwashiorkor	Completed	NCT00429351
7	The Role of Sulfur Amino Acids in Risk of Kwashiorkor	Completed	NCT03520621
8	Glutathione Homeostasis and Oxidant Damage in Kwashiorkor	Completed	NCT00069134
9	A Randomized, Double-blind Pilot Study of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-optimized Ready-to-use Therapeutic Food, Compared to Standard RUTF, in the Therapy of Severe Acute Malnutrition	Completed	NCT02053857		Amoxicillin
10	Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Oral Antibiotics in the Community-based Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Malawian Children	Completed	NCT01000298		Placebo;Amoxicillin;Cefdinir
11	Characterizing the Gut Microbiota Alteration Associated With Severe Acute Malnutrition	Completed	NCT02413905
12	Mothers Understand And Can do it - Mid Upper Arm Circumference Screening for Malnutrition Performed by Mothers of Children < 5 Years Old	Completed	NCT01790815
13	ART Pharmacokinetics, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Antioxidant Capacity in Severely Malnourished HIV-infected Malawian Children	Completed	NCT01529125		zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine
14	Impact of Protein Supplementation After Bariatric Surgery - a Randomized, Controlled, Double Blind Pilot Study	Completed	NCT02001636		Resource Instant Protein 88;Resource Maltodextrin
15	Testing the Effectiveness and Acceptance of Home-delivered Protein-rich Meals and Foods on the Intake of Community-dwelling Older Adults.	Completed	NCT03032237
16	The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Dietary Smartphone Application on Nutritional Status Among Cancer Patients	Completed	NCT04643626
17	Evaluation of Protein Intake, Vitamin, Mineral, and Trace Element Supplementation After Bariatric Surgery According to the German S3 Guidelines - What Effects do Age, Sex, and Socio-economic Status Have on Adherence?	Completed	NCT04587076
18	Systemic Bioavailability of Enteral Protein-bound Versus Free Amino Acid Nutrition During Intestinal Malabsorption in Critical Illness	Completed	NCT04791774
19	Formative Research on the Use of Egg as a Nutritional Supplement for Young Bangladeshi Children and Breast Milk Nutrient Content of Bangladeshi Women	Completed	NCT03140696
20	Another Revisional Strategy to Address Severe Late Complications After Previous Biliopancreatic Diversion for Obesity: Major Revision From Standard Biliopancreatic Diversion to Proximal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass	Completed	NCT01041456
21	Effect of a Complementary Food Supplement on Growth and Morbidity of Ghanaian Infants (6 to 18 Months)	Completed	NCT03181178
22	One-stage Laparoscopic Revision of Failed and/or Complicated Jejunoileal Bypass to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass	Completed	NCT01040533
23	Does the Nutritionist's Educational Intervention Influence Protein Intake in Hospitalized Elderly People?	Completed	NCT05502445
24	The Underlying Causes Affecting the Response to Dietary Rehabilitation in Severely Acutely Malnourished Children at the Center Hôspitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso	Recruiting	NCT05015257
25	The Underlying Causes Affecting the Response to Dietary Rehabilitation in Severely Acutely Malnourished Children at the Center Hôspitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso	Recruiting	NCT05009823
26	The Underlying Causes Affecting the Response to Dietary Rehabilitation in Severely Acutely Malnourished Children at the Center Hôspitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso	Recruiting	NCT05020847
27	Comparison of the Impacts of Pea, Lentil, and Oat Flour Particle Size on Glycemic Response, Protein Quality, and Food Intake in Healthy Adults	Recruiting	NCT05291351
28	Sarcopenia Prevention With a Targeted Exercise and Protein Supplementation Program	Recruiting	NCT03417531
29	ELICIT 2.0: Pilot Study of the Effect of Maternal Protein Supplementation During Lactation on Childhood Growth	Active, not recruiting	NCT04565314
30	Impact of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition on Nutrition Markers in Patients Receiving In-Center Hemodialysis	Active, not recruiting	NCT05439174
31	Combining Oral Nutrition Supplementation With a Multicomponent Exercise Program in Elderly Malnourished Frail Patients After Hospital Stay A Feasibility Study	Not yet recruiting	NCT05325697
32	Influence of Optimization of Preoperative Nutritional Status on Perioperative Period in Cardiac Surgery in Patients With Frailty	Not yet recruiting	NCT05118165
33	Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Benefit of Antihelminthic Therapy in the Community-Based Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Malawian Children	Withdrawn	NCT01395381		Placebo;Albendazole

Search NIH Clinical Center for Kwashiorkor

Cochrane evidence based reviews: kwashiorkor

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Genetic Tests for Kwashiorkor

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Anatomical Context for Kwashiorkor

Organs/tissues related to Kwashiorkor:

MalaCards : Skin, Liver, Breast, Thymus, Bone Marrow, Pancreas, Thyroid

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Publications for Kwashiorkor

Articles related to Kwashiorkor:

(show top 50) (show all 1829)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	The effect of wasting and stunting during severe acute malnutrition in infancy on insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance in adult life. ⁶²	Thompson DS...Boyne MS	35229708	2022
2	Protein malnutrition in BALB/C mice: A model mimicking clinical scenario of marasmic-kwashiorkor malnutrition. ⁶²	R J M...Badanthadka M	36410663	2022
3	The Role of Food Insecurity and Dietary Diversity on Recovery from Wasting among Hospitalized Children Aged 6-23 Months in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. ⁶²	Tsegaye AT...Tickell KD	36079736	2022
4	The Health Benefits of Egg Protein. ⁶²	Puglisi MJ...Fernandez ML	35889862	2022
5	Risk of Chronic Disease after an Episode of Marasmus, Kwashiorkor or Mixed-Type Severe Acute Malnutrition in the Democratic Republic of Congo: The Lwiro Follow-Up Study. ⁶²	Mwene-Batu P...Briend A	35745195	2022
6	Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Gut-Liver Axis: Exploring an Undernutrition Perspective. ⁶²	Bauer KC...Finlay BB	35248539	2022
7	Kwashiorkor - New evidence in the puzzle of oedema formation. ⁶²	Briend A	35598438	2022
8	Subclinical Kwashiorkor in Adults: A New Age Paradigm. ⁶²	Kapoor N...Kalra S	36248046	2022
9	The role of albumin and the extracellular matrix on the pathophysiology of oedema formation in severe malnutrition. ⁶²	Gonzales GB...Berkley JA	35398787	2022
10	Childhood mortality during and after acute illness in Africa and south Asia: a prospective cohort study. ⁶²	Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition (CHAIN) Network	35427524	2022
11	Organoleptic and Physicochemical Properties of Soy-Milk Yoghurt Enriched with Moringa Oleifera Root Powder. ⁶²	Ponka R...Fokou E	35602409	2022
12	Time to recovery from severe acute malnutrition and its predictors among children aged 6-59 months at Asosa general hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A retrospective follow up study. ⁶²	Bizuneh FK...Wakuma B	35960715	2022
13	Mechanisms of Kwashiorkor-Associated Immune Suppression: Insights From Human, Mouse, and Pig Studies. ⁶²	Michael H...Vlasova AN	35585989	2022
14	Commentary: Mechanisms of kwashiorkor-associated immune suppression: Insights from human, mouse, and pig studies. ⁶²	Gonzales GB...Berkley JA	35958616	2022
15	Refeeding Syndrome Developed in a Patient With Kwashiorkor Can Mimic Findings of Mitochondrial Disorder. ⁶²	Ozer I	35519509	2022
16	One-carbon metabolism in children with marasmus and kwashiorkor. ⁶²	May T...Jahoor F	35030356	2022
17	Strengthening the role of community health workers in supporting the recovery of ill, undernourished children post hospital discharge: qualitative insights from key stakeholders in Bangladesh and Kenya. ⁶²	Njeru RW...Molyneux S	34775968	2021
18	Microbiota-Immune Interactions Regulate Metabolic Disease. ⁶²	Klag KA...Round JL	34544814	2021
19	Liver disease in obesity and underweight: the two sides of the coin. A narrative review. ⁶²	Risi R...Watanabe M	33150534	2021
20	Flaky Paint Dermatosis in Kwashiorkor. ⁶²	Vijayasankar P...Karthikeyan K	34607303	2021
21	Dietary intake of sulfur amino acids and risk of kwashiorkor malnutrition in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. ⁶²	Fitzpatrick MC...Maxwell DG	33963736	2021
22	Influence of Malnutrition on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Used in the Treatment of Poverty-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review. ⁶²	Verrest L...Dorlo TPC	34060020	2021
23	Genomic description and characterization of Nigeribacterium massiliense gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the human gut. ⁶²	Khare M...Fournier PE	34020025	2021
24	Kwashiorkor on the south shore. ⁶²	Arcieri ST...Gupta R	34211663	2021
25	"No one may starve in the British Empire": Kwashiorkor, Protein and the Politics of Nutrition Between Britain and Africa. ⁶²	Nott J	34084092	2021
26	Response of the microbiome-gut-brain axis in Drosophila to amino acid deficit. ⁶²	Kim B...Lee WJ	33953396	2021
27	Severe Protein-Calorie Malnutrition-Associated Hepatic Steatosis in a Woman Who Had Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity Thirteen Years Ago. ⁶²	Kim GN...Liu X	34007356	2021
28	Selective Eating in Autism Spectrum Disorder Leading to Kwashiorkor and Brain Edema. ⁶²	Maruo Y...Shiraishi H	33485032	2021
29	Secondary Kwashiorkor Disease in a Patient with Gastric Bypass Surgery and Short Gut Syndrome. ⁶²	Custer A...Kirolos H	33536404	2021
30	Kwashiorkor-like dermatosis: a rare presentation of cystic fibrosis. ⁶²	Shajil C...Thomas M	32931600	2021
31	Difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus: Comparative meta-analysis of pathogenic characteristics and implications for treatment. ⁶²	Pham TP...Raoult D	33359074	2021
32	Educational Case: Understanding Kwashiorkor and Marasmus: Disease Mechanisms and Pathologic Consequences. ⁶²	Bunker S...Pandey J	34458565	2021
33	Aflatoxins and kwashiorkor: A commentary on the association-causation conundrum. ⁶²	Abdallah MF...Gonzales GB	33301766	2021
34	Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency Inhibit Pancreatic Digestive Enzyme mRNA Translation by Multiple Mechanisms. ⁶²	Sans MD...Williams JA	32735995	2021
35	Reduced rotavirus vaccine efficacy in protein malnourished human-faecal-microbiota-transplanted gnotobiotic pig model is in part attributed to the gut microbiota. ⁶²	Srivastava V...Rajashekara G	33245014	2020
36	Aflatoxins in organs and biological samples from children affected by kwashiorkor, marasmus and marasmic-kwashiorkor: A scoping review. ⁶²	Soriano JM...Silvestre D	32693007	2020
37	North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper: Plant-based Milks. ⁶²	Merritt RJ...NASPGHAN Committee on Nutrition	32732790	2020
38	Risk factors for mortality and management of children with complicated severe acute malnutrition at a tertiary referral hospital in Malawi. ⁶²	Vonasek BJ...Fitzgerald E	32242509	2020
39	mSphere of Influence: Microbiome-Associated Phenotypes Are Modifiable. ⁶²	Woodworth MH	32611702	2020
40	Phenotype is sustained during hospital readmissions following treatment for complicated severe malnutrition among Kenyan children: A retrospective cohort study. ⁶²	Gonzales GB...Berkley JA	31756291	2020
41	Effect of Malnutrition on Hearing Loss in Children. ⁶²	Close MF...Meyer TA	31821252	2020
42	An infant with kwashiorkor: The forgotten disease. ⁶²	Kamaruzaman NA...Said AH	32843945	2020
43	Follow-up of a historic cohort of children treated for severe acute malnutrition between 1988 and 2007 in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. ⁶²	Mwene-Batu P...Donnen P	32160220	2020
44	Edematous severe acute malnutrition is characterized by hypomethylation of DNA. ⁶²	Schulze KV...Hanchard NA	31857576	2019
45	Nutritional Treatment of a Young Infant with Cystic Fibrosis Presenting with Severe Kwashiorkor Dermatosis. ⁶²	Sandy NS...Nogueira RJN	30897613	2019
46	An unusual case of pericardial effusion. ⁶²	Surak A...Taheri S	31475645	2019
47	Lysosome-Rich Enterocytes Mediate Protein Absorption in the Vertebrate Gut. ⁶²	Park J...Bagnat M	31474562	2019
48	Gut Microbiota Alteration is Characterized by a Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria Bloom in Kwashiorkor and a Bacteroidetes Paucity in Marasmus. ⁶²	Pham TP...Raoult D	31235833	2019
49	Switching to normal diet reverses kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments via increased nitric oxide level and expression of aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands of male Wistar rats. ⁶²	Lasisi TJ...Alada AR	30212637	2019
50	Assessment of Myocardial Function in Kenyan Children With Severe, Acute Malnutrition: The Cardiac Physiology in Malnutrition (CAPMAL) Study. ⁶²	Brent B...Maitland K	30901050	2019

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Genes for Kwashiorkor

Genes related to Kwashiorkor (0 elite genes):

(show all 17)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	15.08	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	GPT	Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase	Protein Coding	11.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	F2	Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin	Protein Coding	10.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	SHBG	Sex Hormone Binding Globulin	Protein Coding	10.12	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	ANXA6	Annexin A6	Protein Coding	7.53	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	LCAT	Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase	Protein Coding	7.33	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	LCN1	Lipocalin 1	Protein Coding	7.33	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	SLC17A5	Solute Carrier Family 17 Member 5	Protein Coding	7.33	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	AFG1L	AFG1 Like ATPase	Protein Coding	6.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	SPATA5	Spermatogenesis Associated 5	Protein Coding	6.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	TTR	Transthyretin	Protein Coding	6.08	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
12	INS	Insulin	Protein Coding	5.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
13	FAIM	Fas Apoptotic Inhibitory Molecule	Protein Coding	5.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
14	IGF1	Insulin Like Growth Factor 1	Protein Coding	5.17	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
15	CD4	CD4 Molecule	Protein Coding	5.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
16	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	5.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
17	LEP	Leptin	Protein Coding	4.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

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Variations for Kwashiorkor

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Expression for Kwashiorkor

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Kwashiorkor.

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Pathways for Kwashiorkor

Pathways related to Kwashiorkor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	11.11	LEP INS IGF1
2	FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks ⁶¹ Show member pathways FOXA transcription factor networks ⁶¹	10.56	TTR INS F2 ALB

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GO Terms for Kwashiorkor

Cellular components related to Kwashiorkor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.96	TTR SHBG LEP LCN1 LCAT INS
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.6	TTR LEP LCN1 LCAT INS IGF1

Biological processes related to Kwashiorkor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:0043410	9.86	LEP INS IGF1 CD4
2	bone mineralization involved in bone maturation	GO:0035630	9.46	LEP IGF1
3	acute-phase response	GO:0006953	9.43	INS F2 CRP
4	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	GO:0014068	9.23	LEP INS IGF1 F2