Lathosterolosis (LATHOS)

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OMIM® 57 607330 KEGG 36 H01281 MeSH 44 D043202 MESH via Orphanet 45 C537880 ICD10 via Orphanet 33 Q87.8

UMLS via Orphanet 71 C1846421 Orphanet 58 ORPHA46059 MedGen 41 C1846421 SNOMED-CT via HPO 68 103276001 11934000 127324008 128306009 128613002 15188001 166603001 166643006 171131006 17450006 17944005 193570009 199612005 203994003 205131007 22033007 224958001 22640007 228156007 246545002 246800008 246957002 247053007 247578003 249310005 249321001 249808002 250249008 253184003 258211005 26098002 26165005 268029009 271611007 27272007 276617005 278849000 301348000 302215000 313307000 32113001 32958008 343087000 34911001 36440009 36760000 385472000 397932003 398151007 398152000 398309008 414667000 415116008 41729002 418143002 432788009 44057004 441787004 441798003 444896005 4637005 52522001 54711002 59576002 59927004 64859006 708670007 75183008 80515008 84757009 91138005 91175000 95828007 more UMLS 70 C1846421

GARD : ²⁰ The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Orpha Number: 46059 Definition Lathosterolosis is an extremely rare inborn error of sterol biosynthesis characterized by facial dysmorphism, congenital anomalies (including limb and kidney anomalies), failure to thrive, developmental delay and liver disease. Epidemiology Only 4 cases have been reported in the literature to date. Clinical description Microcephaly is present at birth along with hypotonia, failure to thrive and facial dysmorphic features such as bitemporal narrowing, ptosis, puffy cheeks, and micrognathia. Limb anomalies that have been reported include postaxial polydactyly of upper or lower limbs (mainly feet), bilateral syndactyly between the 2nd and 3rd or 2nd and 4th toes and bilateral club feet. Developmental delay and learning disability starting in early childhood have been noted in all patients. Additional anomalies have also been reported such as corneal clouding, cataract, conductive hearing loss, gingival hypertrophy, ambiguous genitalia, horseshoe kidney (see this term) and neurological manifestations (i.e. myoclonus). Liver disease seen in patients ranges from hypertransaminasemia to progressive cholestasis and can lead to end stage hepatic disease, occurring in childhood. Etiology Lathosterolosis is due to mutations in the SC5D gene (11q23.3). A mutation in this gene leads to a deficiency in 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-delta-5-desaturase, which is necessary in the conversion of lathosterol into 7-dehydrocholesterol. This prevents the synthesis of cholesterol, which among other functions acts as a structural lipid, a precursor for bile acids and steroid hormones, and is necessary for the maturation of hedgehog morphogens during embryonic development. Diagnostic methods Diagnosis is based on clinical and biochemical findings. An elevation of lathosterol by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) is noted in both skin fibroblasts and plasma. The levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol are normal or low. Molecular genetic testing revealing mutations in the SC5D gene confirms the diagnosis. Differential diagnosis The main differential diagnosis is Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (see this term) that shares many clinical features with lathosterolosis but that can be excluded with biochemical and genetic testing. Antenatal diagnosis Prenatal diagnosis is feasible if the mutations are known but it has never been performed given the rarity of the disease. Genetic counseling Lathosterolosis is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The parents of an affected child are obligate heterozygotes and they therefore have a 25% chance of having an affected child with each pregnancy. Management and treatment Treatment involves cholesterol supplementation and reduction of 7-hydrocholesterol. Simvastin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl co- enzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, has been proven to be beneficial in normalizing the lathosterol level in one patient. Liver transplantation was successful in normalizing liver function and cholesterol levels in a patient who had developed end stage liver disease. Moreover, it appeared to improve neurocognitive functions. Regular opthalmological evalutations and ultrasound monitoring of the liver are recommended. Prognosis The prognosis is poor but treatment appears to prolong life and arrest progression of neurological damage.

MalaCards based summary : Lathosterolosis, also known as sterol c5-desaturase deficiency, is related to smith-lemli-opitz syndrome and greenberg dysplasia. An important gene associated with Lathosterolosis is SC5D (Sterol-C5-Desaturase), and among its related pathways/superpathways is Steroid biosynthesis. Affiliated tissues include liver, kidney and eye, and related phenotypes are cataract and global developmental delay

OMIM® : ⁵⁷ Lathosterolosis (LATHOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a recognizable pattern of multiple congenital anomalies involving axial and appendicular skeleton, liver, central nervous and urogenital systems, and lysosomal storage. It is caused by a defect of cholesterol biosynthesis due to sterol C5-desaturase deficiency (summary by Rossi et al., 2007). (607330) (Updated 20-May-2021)

KEGG : ³⁶ Lathosterolosis is an inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis caused by mutations in SC5D gene encoding lathosterol 5-desaturase. It is characterized by a complex phenotype, including multiple congenital anomalies, mental retardation, and liver disease.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : ⁷² Lathosterolosis: An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies affecting axial and appendicular skeleton, liver, central nervous and urogenital systems, and lysosomal storage.

Wikipedia : ⁷³ Lathosterolosis is a defect in cholesterol... more...

Clinical features from OMIM®:

607330 (Updated 20-May-2021)

Search Clinical Trials , NIH Clinical Center for Lathosterolosis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Lathosterolosis.