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MCID: LCH001
MIFTS: 41

Leech Infestation

Categories: Blood diseases, Infectious diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Leech Infestation

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Leech Infestation:

Name: Leech Infestation 12 15 74
Hirudiniasis 12
Leeches 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Blood diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 34


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:11079
ICD9CM 36 134.2
SNOMED-CT 69 64351000
ICD10 34 B88.3
UMLS 74 C0019575
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Summaries for Leech Infestation

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Disease Ontology : 12 A parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease that involves parasitic infestation by members of the subclass Hirudinea. The leeches remain attached to their hosts and feed on blood until they become full, at which point they fall off to digest. While feeding, they release an anesthetic and use a combination of mucus and suction to stay attached and secrete an anti-clotting enzyme, hirudin, into the host's blood stream.

MalaCards based summary : Leech Infestation, also known as hirudiniasis, is related to heart disease and acquired hemophilia. An important gene associated with Leech Infestation is SERPINC1 (Serpin Family C Member 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ and Collagen chain trimerization. The drugs Aztreonam and Immunologic Factors have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include heart, eye and liver, and related phenotype is cardiovascular system.

Wikipedia : 77 Leeches are segmented parasitic or predatory worms that belong to the phylum Annelida and comprise the... more...

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Related Diseases for Leech Infestation

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Diseases related to Leech Infestation via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 139)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 heart disease 29.2 F2 F3 PF4 SERPINC1
2 acquired hemophilia 10.2 F10 F3
3 carotid artery thrombosis 10.2 F10 F3
4 japanese spotted fever 10.2 KANTR SERPINC1
5 posterior myocardial infarction 10.2 KANTR SERPINC1
6 factor xii deficiency 10.2 F3 SERPINC1
7 retinal artery occlusion 10.2 F2 SERPINC1
8 coronary thrombosis 10.2 F3 SERPINC1
9 pulmonary immaturity 10.2 F3 SERPINC1
10 endocarditis 10.2 F2 SERPINC1
11 conjugate gaze palsy 10.2 F3 PLG
12 spinal cord infarction 10.2 F2 SERPINC1
13 hemophilia a 10.1 F10 F3
14 ischemic colitis 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
15 hemophilia 10.1 F2 F3
16 dysbaric osteonecrosis 10.1 F3 PLG
17 prothrombin deficiency 10.1 F2 F3
18 sneddon syndrome 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
19 acute anterolateral myocardial infarction 10.1 KANTR PLG
20 facial neuralgia 10.1 KANTR PLG
21 cerebral arteritis 10.1 KANTR PLG
22 osteonecrosis 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
23 vertebral artery occlusion 10.1 F3 PLG
24 apical myocardial infarction 10.1 KANTR PLG
25 eclampsia 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
26 hemometra 10.1 F3 KANTR
27 esophageal varix 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
28 thrombophlebitis 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
29 lemierre's syndrome 10.1 F3 PLG
30 alveolar periostitis 10.1 KANTR PLG
31 post-thrombotic syndrome 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
32 hypersplenism 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
33 cerebral sinovenous thrombosis 10.1 F2 F3
34 central retinal vein occlusion 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
35 qualitative platelet defect 10.1 F2 F3
36 retinal vein occlusion 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
37 brown-sequard syndrome 10.1 KANTR PLG
38 portal vein thrombosis 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
39 alcohol-related birth defect 10.1 F2 F3
40 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 10.1 F2 F3
41 von willebrand disease, type 1 10.1 F2 F3
42 vascular hemostatic disease 10.1 F2 F3
43 vertebrobasilar insufficiency 10.1 F3 KANTR
44 dysfibrinogenemia 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
45 urethral false passage 10.1 F2 KANTR
46 splenic disease 10.1 F2 F3
47 deficiency anemia 10.1
48 ischemic heart disease 10.1
49 placenta disease 10.1 F3 SERPINC1
50 placental abruption 10.0 F2 SERPINC1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Leech Infestation:



Diseases related to Leech Infestation
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Leech Infestation

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Leech Infestation:

47
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 9.02 F10 F2 F3 PLG SERPINC1
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Drugs & Therapeutics for Leech Infestation

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Drugs for Leech Infestation (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 58)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Aztreonam Approved Phase 3 78110-38-0 5742832 5362041
2 Immunologic Factors Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2
3 Vaccines Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2
4 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 3
5 Antibiotics, Antitubercular Phase 3
6 Pharmaceutical Solutions Phase 3,Phase 2
7
Formaldehyde Approved, Vet_approved Phase 1, Phase 2 50-00-0 712
8 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 1, Phase 2
9 Disinfectants Phase 1, Phase 2
10
Protein C Approved Phase 1
11
Aluminum sulfate Approved Phase 1 10043-01-3
12 Drotrecogin alfa activated Phase 1
13
Ramipril Approved Early Phase 1 87333-19-5 5362129
14
Atorvastatin Approved Early Phase 1 134523-00-5 60823
15
Indian frankincense Approved, Experimental, Investigational Early Phase 1
16
Aspirin Approved, Vet_approved Early Phase 1 50-78-2 2244
17
Metoprolol Approved, Investigational Early Phase 1 37350-58-6, 51384-51-1 4171
18
Tacrolimus Approved, Investigational 104987-11-3 6473866 445643 439492
19
Cyclophosphamide Approved, Investigational 50-18-0, 6055-19-2 2907
20
Norepinephrine Approved Not Applicable 51-41-2 439260
21
Diclofenac Approved, Vet_approved Not Applicable 15307-86-5 3033
22 Autonomic Agents Early Phase 1,Not Applicable
23 Adrenergic Agents Early Phase 1,Not Applicable
24 Lipid Regulating Agents Early Phase 1
25 Antimetabolites Early Phase 1
26 Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Early Phase 1
27 Sympatholytics Early Phase 1
28 Anticholesteremic Agents Early Phase 1
29 Peripheral Nervous System Agents Early Phase 1,Not Applicable
30 Antihypertensive Agents Early Phase 1
31 HIV Protease Inhibitors Early Phase 1
32 Hypolipidemic Agents Early Phase 1
33 Adrenergic Antagonists Early Phase 1
34 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Early Phase 1
35 Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists Early Phase 1
36 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Early Phase 1
37 Neurotransmitter Agents Early Phase 1,Not Applicable
38
protease inhibitors Early Phase 1
39 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Early Phase 1
40 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
41 Hormones
42 glucocorticoids
43 Immunosuppressive Agents
44 Cyclosporins
45 Hormone Antagonists
46 Vasoconstrictor Agents Not Applicable
47 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Not Applicable
48 Sympathomimetics Not Applicable
49 Adrenergic Agonists Not Applicable
50 Hirudins

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 23)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Urotherapy vs. Urotherapy With Constipation Treatment for Children With Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Withdrawn NCT02336906 Phase 4 polyethylene glycol 3350
2 Urotherapy vs. Urotherapy With Constipation Treatment for Nocturnal Enuresis Withdrawn NCT02337413 Phase 4 Polyethylene glycol 3350
3 Role of Sleep Apnea and Sympathetic Activity in Resistant Hypertensive Patients. Completed NCT01875341 Phase 3
4 Adult Safety Study of 2009/2010 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Completed NCT01063088 Phase 3
5 Safety and Effectiveness of AZLI (an Inhaled Antibiotic) in Adults With Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Completed NCT01314716 Phase 3 AZLI;Placebo
6 Extension of Study TKT024 Evaluating Long-Term Safety and Clinical Outcomes in MPS II Patients Receiving Idursulfase Completed NCT00630747 Phase 2, Phase 3
7 Clinical Evaluation of Leech Therapy in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis Completed NCT02612974 Phase 2
8 Leeches for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis Completed NCT00435773 Phase 2
9 Open-label Study to Assess Immunogenicity and Safety of a Vaccine Enhancement Patch When Administered With 2 Doses of H5N1 Vaccine Completed NCT01353534 Phase 1, Phase 2 Vaccine Enhancement Patch
10 A/H1N1 Immunogenicity and Safety in Adults Completed NCT00959465 Phase 1, Phase 2
11 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Ross River Virus (RRV) Vaccine Completed NCT00717834 Phase 1, Phase 2
12 Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of 3K3A-APC in Healthy Adult Volunteers Completed NCT01660230 Phase 1 0.9% NaCl in water
13 An Open-label Study Assessing Safety, Immunogenicity and Dose Response of IC84 Completed NCT01296386 Phase 1
14 Acupoint Application in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris (AASAP) Unknown status NCT02029118 Early Phase 1 Herbal plaster ( styrax, borneol, frankincense, santalum,trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, allium macrostemon Bunge, leech);Aspirin: 100mg qd; Metoprolol：25mg bid; Ramipril:5mg qd; Atorvastatin:20mg qn.
15 Study on Single-nucleotide-polymorphism in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy Unknown status NCT01799460 The Comprehensive Treatment Regimen of Traditional Chinese Medicine;The immunosuppressive agents
16 RISA Extension Study - Long Term Safety Unknown status NCT00401986
17 Comprehensive Nano - PMCF Study Recruiting NCT03423953
18 Short-term Clinical Deterioration After Acute Pulmonary Embolism Recruiting NCT03915925
19 ASV Effects on Myocardial Energetics and Sympathetic Nerve Function in Heart Failure and Sleep Apnea. Recruiting NCT02116140 Not Applicable
20 The National Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Study Recruiting NCT02775383
21 Pulmonary Embolism Short-term Clinical Outcomes Registry Recruiting NCT02883491
22 Leech Therapy for Postherpetic Neuralgia Terminated NCT01744522
23 Effectiveness and Safety of Breeded Leech for Symptomatic Primary Arthrosis of the First Carpometacarpal Joint Terminated NCT03020368 Not Applicable Diclofenac

Search NIH Clinical Center for Leech Infestation

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Genetic Tests for Leech Infestation

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Anatomical Context for Leech Infestation

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Leech Infestation:

42
Heart, Eye, Liver, Spinal Cord, Placenta
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Publications for Leech Infestation

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Articles related to Leech Infestation:

(show top 50) (show all 63)
# Title Authors Year
1
Pediatric Vaginal Leech Infestation with Severe Bleeding: A Case Report and Review Article. ( 30928531 )
2019
2
Pediatric Vulvar Bleeding due to Leech Infestation: A Case Report. ( 30697323 )
2018
3
Severe anemia due to pharyngeal leech infestation; a case report from Ethiopia. ( 29025407 )
2017
4
Canine penile hirudiniasis: an unusual cause of bleeding from the prepuce. ( 28339112 )
2017
5
An unusual cause of chest discomfort: case report of oesophageal hirudiniasis. ( 28615887 )
2017
6
A Comprehensive Review of Hirudiniasis: From Historic Uses of Leeches to Modern Treatments of Their Bites. ( 29030099 )
2017
7
Upper airway obstruction and hemoptysis due to a leech infestation in a child. ( 26655785 )
2016
8
Epistaxis Due to Leech Infestation in Nose: A Report of Six Cases and Review of Literature. ( 27066409 )
2016
9
Bronchial Leech Infestation in a 15-Year-Old Female. ( 27752380 )
2016
10
Ocular leech infestation. ( 25784786 )
2015
11
An Unusual Cause of Bleeding on the Floor of Mouth: Leech Infestation. ( 26809923 )
2015
12
Vaginal Leech Infestation: A Rare Cause of Hypovolumic Shock In Postmenopausal Woman. ( 26949304 )
2015
13
Oral hirudiniasis in a stray dog, first report in Italy. ( 26004432 )
2015
14
Mass leech infestation of sculpin fish in Lake Baikal, with clarification of disease-prone species and parasite taxonomy. ( 25004101 )
2014
15
A rare case report of tracheal leech infestation in a 40-year-old woman. ( 25419405 )
2014
16
Leech Infestation in the Vulvar Region: A Possibility to be Considered. ( 25709802 )
2014
17
Hypopharyngeal hirudiniasis presenting as hematemesis. ( 25409066 )
2014
18
Leech infestation: the unusual cause of upper airway obstruction. ( 23559840 )
2013
19
Ocular leech infestation initially misdiagnosed as conjunctival pigmented nevus. ( 23991397 )
2013
20
Eye bleeding due to leech infestation in an ischemic heart- disease patient. ( 22754689 )
2012
21
Leech infestation in children through body orifices: experience in a hospital in Bangladesh. ( 22543722 )
2012
22
Intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding in a child: leech infestation. ( 23429838 )
2012
23
Nasal leech infestation causing persistent epistaxis. ( 21887037 )
2011
24
Vesical hirudiniasis: a rare case report. ( 21910107 )
2011
25
Laryngeal hirudiniasis as an unusual cause of massive hemoptysis. ( 22420402 )
2011
26
Nasal leech infestation: report of seven leeches and literature review. ( 20037786 )
2010
27
Ocular leech infestation. ( 20804315 )
2010
28
Oropharyngeal leech infestation and therapeutic options. ( 21391194 )
2010
29
Nasal Hirudiniasis--an unusual cause of epistaxis. ( 21409902 )
2010
30
An unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and severe anemia in a child: leech infestation. ( 19264837 )
2009
31
Nasal leech infestation in children: comparison of two different innovative techniques. ( 19395059 )
2009
32
A case series of bleeding due to Leech infestation from the Gimbie region, Ethiopia. ( 18302875 )
2008
33
Unusual cause of unilateral epistaxis: nasal leech infestation. ( 18552891 )
2008
34
Adult ocular leech infestation. ( 15832186 )
2006
35
A case of conjunctival leech infestation. ( 16453190 )
2006
36
Leech infestation and its association with water drinking habits. ( 16542595 )
2006
37
Vaginal hirudiniasis from Dhaherah Province, Oman: With a Note on Internal Hirudiniasis. ( 21748140 )
2006
38
Vesical hirudiniasis: an unusual cause of bleeding from the urethra. ( 16301731 )
2005
39
The influence of agricultural and urban contamination on leech infestation of freshwater turtles, Phrynops geoffroanus, taken from two areas of the Uberabinha River. ( 15327164 )
2004
40
Aquatic leech infestation: a rare cause of severe anaemia in an adolescent Tanzanian girl. ( 15346909 )
2004
41
Unexpected result in the etiological approaching to an anemic case: a leech infestation. ( 12959860 )
2003
42
Leech infestation as a potential cause of hemoptysis in childhood. ( 11784268 )
2002
43
Leech infestation: an unusual cause of hoarseness. ( 11991029 )
2002
44
Laryngeal hirudiniasis: an unusual cause of airway obstruction and hemoptysis. ( 11836803 )
2002
45
Ocular leech infestation in a child. ( 9222244 )
1997
46
Post menopausal vaginal bleeding due to vaginal wall leech infestation. ( 7588657 )
1995
47
Post menopausal vaginal bleeding due to vaginal wall leech infestation. ( 8674494 )
1995
48
Haematemesis due to leech infestation. ( 1694646 )
1990
49
Leech infestation of mute swans (Cygnus olor) ( 2718339 )
1989
50
Leech infestation of livestock. ( 2773211 )
1989
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Variations for Leech Infestation

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Expression for Leech Infestation

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Leech Infestation.
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Pathways for Leech Infestation

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Pathways related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ 67
Show member pathways
 12.71 F10 F2 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1
2
Collagen chain trimerization 67
Show member pathways
 12.28 F10 F2 F3 SERPINC1
3
Complement and coagulation cascades 1 38
11.5 F10 F2 F3 PLG SERPINC1
4
Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) 67
Show member pathways
 11.3 F10 F2 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1
5
Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events 1
10.9 F2 PLG
6
Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) 67
10.69 F2 PLG
7
Warfarin Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 62
10.5 F10 F2
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GO Terms for Leech Infestation

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Cellular components related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.73 F10 F2 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1
2 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.63 F10 F2 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1
3 endoplasmic reticulum lumen GO:0005788 9.54 F10 F2 SERPINC1
4 blood microparticle GO:0072562 9.5 F2 PLG SERPINC1
5 platelet alpha granule lumen GO:0031093 9.4 PF4 PLG
6 intrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane GO:0031233 8.96 F10 F3
7 collagen-containing extracellular matrix GO:0062023 8.92 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1

Biological processes related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cellular protein metabolic process GO:0044267 9.58 F2 PLG SERPINC1
2 antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide GO:0061844 9.43 F2 PF4
3 fibrinolysis GO:0042730 9.37 F2 PLG
4 blood coagulation GO:0007596 9.35 F10 F2 F3 PLG SERPINC1
5 regulation of blood coagulation GO:0030193 9.32 F2 SERPINC1
6 negative regulation of fibrinolysis GO:0051918 9.26 F2 PLG
7 blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway GO:0007598 9.16 F10 F3
8 hemostasis GO:0007599 9.02 F10 F2 F3 PLG SERPINC1

Molecular functions related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 heparin binding GO:0008201 9.33 F2 PF4 SERPINC1
2 serine-type peptidase activity GO:0008236 9.13 F10 F2 PLG
3 serine-type endopeptidase activity GO:0004252 8.92 F10 F2 F3 PLG
Sources

Sources for Leech Infestation

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
20 FMA
29 GO
30 GTR
31 HGMD
32 HMDB
33 HPO
34 ICD10
35 ICD10 via Orphanet
36 ICD9CM
37 IUPHAR
38 KEGG
39 LifeMap
41 LOVD
43 MedGen
45 MeSH
46 MESH via Orphanet
47 MGI
50 NCI
51 NCIt
52 NDF-RT
55 NINDS
56 Novoseek
58 OMIM
59 OMIM via Orphanet
63 PubMed
65 QIAGEN
70 SNOMED-CT via HPO
71 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
72 TGDB
73 Tocris
74 UMLS
75 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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