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MCID: LCH001
MIFTS: 35

Leech Infestation

Categories: Blood diseases, Infectious diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Leech Infestation

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Leech Infestation:

Name: Leech Infestation 12 15 73
Hirudiniasis 12
Leeches 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Blood diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 33


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:11079
ICD10 33 B88.3
ICD9CM 35 134.2
SNOMED-CT 68 64351000
UMLS 73 C0019575
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Summaries for Leech Infestation

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Disease Ontology : 12 A parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease that involves parasitic infestation by members of the subclass Hirudinea. The leeches remain attached to their hosts and feed on blood until they become full, at which point they fall off to digest. While feeding, they release an anesthetic and use a combination of mucus and suction to stay attached and secrete an anti-clotting enzyme, hirudin, into the host's blood stream.

MalaCards based summary : Leech Infestation, also known as hirudiniasis, is related to heart disease and acquired hemophilia. An important gene associated with Leech Infestation is SERPINC1 (Serpin Family C Member 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ and Collagen chain trimerization. The drugs Aztreonam and Immunologic Factors have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include heart, eye and liver, and related phenotype is cardiovascular system.

Wikipedia : 76 Leeches are segmented parasitic or predatory worm-like animals that belong to the phylum Annelida and... more...

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Related Diseases for Leech Infestation

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Diseases related to Leech Infestation via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 139)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 heart disease 29.5 F2 F3 PF4 SERPINC1
2 acquired hemophilia 10.1 F10 F3
3 carotid artery thrombosis 10.1 F10 F3
4 japanese spotted fever 10.1 KANTR SERPINC1
5 factor xii deficiency 10.1 F3 SERPINC1
6 posterior myocardial infarction 10.1 KANTR SERPINC1
7 coronary thrombosis 10.1 F3 SERPINC1
8 retinal artery occlusion 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
9 pulmonary immaturity 10.1 F3 SERPINC1
10 endocarditis 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
11 conjugate gaze palsy 10.1 F3 PLG
12 hemophilia a 10.1 F10 F3
13 spinal cord infarction 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
14 ischemic colitis 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
15 hemophilia 10.1 F2 F3
16 dysbaric osteonecrosis 10.1 F3 PLG
17 prothrombin deficiency 10.1 F2 F3
18 sneddon syndrome 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
19 acute anterolateral myocardial infarction 10.1 KANTR PLG
20 facial neuralgia 10.1 KANTR PLG
21 cerebral arteritis 10.1 KANTR PLG
22 vertebral artery occlusion 10.1 F3 PLG
23 osteonecrosis 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
24 hemometra 10.1 F3 KANTR
25 esophageal varix 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
26 apical myocardial infarction 10.1 KANTR PLG
27 lemierre's syndrome 10.1 F3 PLG
28 thrombophlebitis 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
29 alveolar periostitis 10.1 KANTR PLG
30 post-thrombotic syndrome 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
31 hypersplenism 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
32 central retinal vein occlusion 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
33 retinal vein occlusion 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
34 cerebral sinovenous thrombosis 10.1 F2 F3
35 qualitative platelet defect 10.1 F2 F3
36 portal vein thrombosis 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
37 brown-sequard syndrome 10.1 KANTR PLG
38 ischemic heart disease 10.1
39 alcohol-related birth defect 10.1 F2 F3
40 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 10.1 F2 F3
41 vertebrobasilar insufficiency 10.1 F3 KANTR
42 von willebrand disease, type 1 10.1 F2 F3
43 dysfibrinogenemia 10.1 F2 SERPINC1
44 vascular hemostatic disease 10.1 F2 F3
45 urethral false passage 10.0 F2 KANTR
46 splenic disease 10.0 F2 F3
47 eclampsia 10.0 F2 SERPINC1
48 placenta disease 10.0 F3 SERPINC1
49 placental abruption 10.0 F2 SERPINC1
50 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 10.0 SERPINC1 F3 F10

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Leech Infestation:



Diseases related to Leech Infestation
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Leech Infestation

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Leech Infestation:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 9.02 F10 F2 F3 PLG SERPINC1
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Leech Infestation

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Drugs for Leech Infestation (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 61)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Aztreonam Approved Phase 3 78110-38-0 5362041 5742832
2 Immunologic Factors Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2
3 Vaccines Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2
4 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 3
5 Antibiotics, Antitubercular Phase 3
6 Pharmaceutical Solutions Phase 3,Phase 2
7
Formaldehyde Approved, Vet_approved Phase 1, Phase 2 50-00-0 712
8 Disinfectants Phase 1, Phase 2
9 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 1, Phase 2
10
Protein C Approved Phase 1
11
Aluminum sulfate Approved Phase 1 10043-01-3
12 Drotrecogin alfa activated Phase 1
13
Ramipril Approved Early Phase 1 87333-19-5 5362129
14
Metoprolol Approved, Investigational Early Phase 1 37350-58-6, 51384-51-1 4171
15
Indian frankincense Approved, Experimental, Investigational Early Phase 1
16
Aspirin Approved, Vet_approved Early Phase 1 50-78-2 2244
17
Cyclophosphamide Approved, Investigational 6055-19-2, 50-18-0 2907
18
Tacrolimus Approved, Investigational 104987-11-3 445643 439492
19
Norepinephrine Approved Not Applicable 51-41-2 439260
20
Diclofenac Approved, Vet_approved Not Applicable 15307-86-5 3033
21 HIV Protease Inhibitors Early Phase 1
22 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Early Phase 1
23 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Early Phase 1
24
protease inhibitors Early Phase 1
25 Lipid Regulating Agents Early Phase 1
26 Adrenergic Agents Early Phase 1,Not Applicable
27 Neurotransmitter Agents Early Phase 1,Not Applicable
28 Antihypertensive Agents Early Phase 1
29 Antimetabolites Early Phase 1
30 Anticholesteremic Agents Early Phase 1
31 Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Early Phase 1
32 Calcium, Dietary Early Phase 1
33 Hypolipidemic Agents Early Phase 1
34 Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists Early Phase 1
35 Atorvastatin Calcium Early Phase 1 134523-03-8
36 Peripheral Nervous System Agents Early Phase 1,Not Applicable
37 Autonomic Agents Early Phase 1,Not Applicable
38 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Early Phase 1
39 Sympatholytics Early Phase 1
40 Adrenergic Antagonists Early Phase 1
41 Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
42 glucocorticoids
43 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
44 Hormones
45 Hormone Antagonists
46 Alkylating Agents
47 Cyclosporins
48 Antirheumatic Agents ,Not Applicable
49 Immunosuppressive Agents
50 Vasoconstrictor Agents Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 22)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Urotherapy vs. Urotherapy With Constipation Treatment for Children With Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Withdrawn NCT02336906 Phase 4 polyethylene glycol 3350
2 Urotherapy vs. Urotherapy With Constipation Treatment for Nocturnal Enuresis Withdrawn NCT02337413 Phase 4 Polyethylene glycol 3350
3 Role of Sleep Apnea and Sympathetic Activity in Resistant Hypertensive Patients. Completed NCT01875341 Phase 3
4 Adult Safety Study of 2009/2010 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Completed NCT01063088 Phase 3
5 Safety and Effectiveness of AZLI (an Inhaled Antibiotic) in Adults With Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Completed NCT01314716 Phase 3 AZLI;Placebo
6 Extension of Study TKT024 Evaluating Long-Term Safety and Clinical Outcomes in MPS II Patients Receiving Idursulfase Completed NCT00630747 Phase 2, Phase 3
7 Clinical Evaluation of Leech Therapy in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis Completed NCT02612974 Phase 2
8 Leeches for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis Completed NCT00435773 Phase 2
9 Open-label Study to Assess Immunogenicity and Safety of a Vaccine Enhancement Patch When Administered With 2 Doses of H5N1 Vaccine Completed NCT01353534 Phase 1, Phase 2 Vaccine Enhancement Patch
10 A/H1N1 Immunogenicity and Safety in Adults Completed NCT00959465 Phase 1, Phase 2
11 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Ross River Virus (RRV) Vaccine Completed NCT00717834 Phase 1, Phase 2
12 Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of 3K3A-APC in Healthy Adult Volunteers Completed NCT01660230 Phase 1 0.9% NaCl in water
13 An Open-label Study Assessing Safety, Immunogenicity and Dose Response of IC84 Completed NCT01296386 Phase 1
14 Acupoint Application in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris (AASAP) Unknown status NCT02029118 Early Phase 1 Herbal plaster ( styrax, borneol, frankincense, santalum,trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, allium macrostemon Bunge, leech);Aspirin: 100mg qd; Metoprolol：25mg bid; Ramipril:5mg qd; Atorvastatin:20mg qn.
15 Study on Single-nucleotide-polymorphism in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy Unknown status NCT01799460 The Comprehensive Treatment Regimen of Traditional Chinese Medicine;The immunosuppressive agents
16 RISA Extension Study - Long Term Safety Unknown status NCT00401986
17 Comprehensive Nano - PMCF Study Recruiting NCT03423953
18 ASV Effects on Myocardial Energetics and Sympathetic Nerve Function in Heart Failure and Sleep Apnea. Recruiting NCT02116140 Not Applicable
19 The National Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Study Recruiting NCT02775383
20 Pulmonary Embolism Short-term Clinical Outcomes Registry Recruiting NCT02883491
21 Effectiveness and Safety of Breeded Leech for Symptomatic Primary Arthrosis of the First Carpometacarpal Joint Active, not recruiting NCT03020368 Not Applicable Diclofenac
22 Leech Therapy for Postherpetic Neuralgia Terminated NCT01744522

Search NIH Clinical Center for Leech Infestation

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Genetic Tests for Leech Infestation

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Anatomical Context for Leech Infestation

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Leech Infestation:

41
Heart, Eye, Liver, Spinal Cord, Placenta
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Publications for Leech Infestation

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Articles related to Leech Infestation:

(show top 50) (show all 61)
# Title Authors Year
1
Severe anemia due to pharyngeal leech infestation; aA case report from Ethiopia. ( 29025407 )
2017
2
An unusual cause of chest discomfort: case report of oesophageal hirudiniasis. ( 28615887 )
2017
3
A Comprehensive Review of Hirudiniasis: From Historic Uses of Leeches to Modern Treatments of Their Bites. ( 29030099 )
2017
4
Canine penile hirudiniasis: an unusual cause of bleeding from the prepuce. ( 28339112 )
2017
5
Upper airway obstruction and hemoptysis due to a leech infestation in a child. ( 26655785 )
2016
6
Bronchial Leech Infestation in a 15-Year-Old Female. ( 27752380 )
2016
7
Epistaxis Due to Leech Infestation in Nose: A Report of Six Cases and Review of Literature. ( 27066409 )
2016
8
Vaginal Leech Infestation: A Rare Cause of Hypovolumic Shock In Postmenopausal Woman. ( 26949304 )
2015
9
Ocular leech infestation. ( 25784786 )
2015
10
An Unusual Cause of Bleeding on the Floor of Mouth: Leech Infestation. ( 26809923 )
2015
11
Oral hirudiniasis in a stray dog, first report in Italy. ( 26004432 )
2015
12
Leech Infestation in the Vulvar Region: A Possibility to be Considered. ( 25709802 )
2014
13
A rare case report of tracheal leech infestation in a 40-year-old woman. ( 25419405 )
2014
14
Mass leech infestation of sculpin fish in Lake Baikal, with clarification of disease-prone species and parasite taxonomy. ( 25004101 )
2014
15
Hypopharyngeal hirudiniasis presenting as hematemesis. ( 25409066 )
2014
16
Leech infestation: the unusual cause of upper airway obstruction. ( 23559840 )
2013
17
Ocular leech infestation initially misdiagnosed as conjunctival pigmented nevus. ( 23991397 )
2013
18
Eye bleeding due to leech infestation in an ischemic heart- disease patient. ( 22754689 )
2012
19
Intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding in a child: leech infestation. ( 23429838 )
2012
20
Leech infestation in children through body orifices: experience in a hospital in Bangladesh. ( 22543722 )
2012
21
Nasal leech infestation causing persistent epistaxis. ( 21887037 )
2011
22
Vesical hirudiniasis: a rare case report. ( 21910107 )
2011
23
Laryngeal hirudiniasis as an unusual cause of massive hemoptysis. ( 22420402 )
2011
24
Nasal leech infestation: report of seven leeches and literature review. ( 20037786 )
2010
25
Oropharyngeal leech infestation and therapeutic options. ( 21391194 )
2010
26
Ocular leech infestation. ( 20804315 )
2010
27
Nasal Hirudiniasis--an unusual cause of epistaxis. ( 21409902 )
2010
28
Nasal leech infestation in children: comparison of two different innovative techniques. ( 19395059 )
2009
29
An unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and severe anemia in a child: leech infestation. ( 19264837 )
2009
30
A case series of bleeding due to Leech infestation from the Gimbie region, Ethiopia. ( 18302875 )
2008
31
Unusual cause of unilateral epistaxis: nasal leech infestation. ( 18552891 )
2008
32
Adult ocular leech infestation. ( 15832186 )
2006
33
Leech infestation and its association with water drinking habits. ( 16542595 )
2006
34
A case of conjunctival leech infestation. ( 16453190 )
2006
35
Vaginal hirudiniasis from Dhaherah Province, Oman: With a Note on Internal Hirudiniasis. ( 21748140 )
2006
36
Vesical hirudiniasis: an unusual cause of bleeding from the urethra. ( 16301731 )
2005
37
The influence of agricultural and urban contamination on leech infestation of freshwater turtles, Phrynops geoffroanus, taken from two areas of the Uberabinha River. ( 15327164 )
2004
38
Aquatic leech infestation: a rare cause of severe anaemia in an adolescent Tanzanian girl. ( 15346909 )
2004
39
Unexpected result in the etiological approaching to an anemic case: a leech infestation. ( 12959860 )
2003
40
Leech infestation as a potential cause of hemoptysis in childhood. ( 11784268 )
2002
41
Leech infestation: an unusual cause of hoarseness. ( 11991029 )
2002
42
Laryngeal hirudiniasis: an unusual cause of airway obstruction and hemoptysis. ( 11836803 )
2002
43
Ocular leech infestation in a child. ( 9222244 )
1997
44
Post menopausal vaginal bleeding due to vaginal wall leech infestation. ( 7588657 )
1995
45
Post menopausal vaginal bleeding due to vaginal wall leech infestation. ( 8674494 )
1995
46
Haematemesis due to leech infestation. ( 1694646 )
1990
47
Leech infestation of mute swans (Cygnus olor) ( 2718339 )
1989
48
Leech infestation of livestock. ( 2773211 )
1989
49
Tails of the unexpectorated: experiences with leech infestation in childhood. ( 2449848 )
1987
50
Leech infestation of man in Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia. ( 3693958 )
1987
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Variations for Leech Infestation

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Expression for Leech Infestation

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Leech Infestation.
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Pathways for Leech Infestation

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Pathways related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ 66
Show member pathways
 12.71 F10 F2 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1
2
Collagen chain trimerization 66
Show member pathways
 12.28 F10 F2 F3 SERPINC1
3
Complement and coagulation cascades 1 37
11.5 F10 F2 F3 PLG SERPINC1
4
Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) 66
Show member pathways
 11.3 F10 F2 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1
5
Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events 1
10.9 F2 PLG
6
Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) 66
10.69 F2 PLG
7
Warfarin Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 61
10.5 F10 F2
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GO Terms for Leech Infestation

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Cellular components related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.73 F10 F2 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1
2 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.63 F10 F2 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1
3 endoplasmic reticulum lumen GO:0005788 9.54 F10 F2 SERPINC1
4 blood microparticle GO:0072562 9.5 F2 PLG SERPINC1
5 platelet alpha granule lumen GO:0031093 9.4 PF4 PLG
6 intrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane GO:0031233 8.96 F10 F3
7 collagen-containing extracellular matrix GO:0062023 8.92 F3 PF4 PLG SERPINC1

Biological processes related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cellular protein metabolic process GO:0044267 9.58 F2 PLG SERPINC1
2 antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide GO:0061844 9.43 F2 PF4
3 fibrinolysis GO:0042730 9.37 F2 PLG
4 blood coagulation GO:0007596 9.35 F10 F2 F3 PLG SERPINC1
5 regulation of blood coagulation GO:0030193 9.32 F2 SERPINC1
6 negative regulation of fibrinolysis GO:0051918 9.26 F2 PLG
7 blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway GO:0007598 9.16 F10 F3
8 hemostasis GO:0007599 9.02 F10 F2 F3 PLG SERPINC1

Molecular functions related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 heparin binding GO:0008201 9.33 F2 PF4 SERPINC1
2 serine-type peptidase activity GO:0008236 9.13 F10 F2 PLG
3 serine-type endopeptidase activity GO:0004252 8.92 F10 F2 F3 PLG
Sources

Sources for Leech Infestation

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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