Leech Infestation disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease that involves parasitic infestation by members of the subclass Hirudinea. The leeches remain attached to their hosts and feed on blood until they become full, at which point they fall off to digest. While feeding, they release an anesthetic and use a combination of mucus and suction to stay attached and secrete an anti-clotting enzyme, hirudin, into the host's blood stream.

MalaCards based summary: Leech Infestation, also known as hirudiniasis, is related to deficiency anemia and active peptic ulcer disease. An important gene associated with Leech Infestation is ANKRD49 (Ankyrin Repeat Domain 49), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Defects of contact activation system (CAS) and kallikrein/kinin system (KKS) and Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs). The drug Antioxidants has been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include salivary gland, skin and ovary, and related phenotypes are homeostasis/metabolism and growth/size/body region

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Related Diseases for Leech Infestation

Diseases related to Leech Infestation via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 167)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	deficiency anemia	29.9	PLG F3 F2 CYGB
2	active peptic ulcer disease	29.8	F3 F2 CYGB
3	basilar artery occlusion	10.2	PLG F3
4	retinal artery occlusion	10.2	PLG F2
5	vertebral artery occlusion	10.2	PLG F3
6	middle cerebral artery infarction	10.2	PLG F3
7	anterior spinal artery syndrome	10.2	PLG F2
8	central nervous system origin vertigo	10.2	PLG F2
9	spotted fever	10.2	MT-CO1 F3
10	occlusion precerebral artery	10.2	PLG F3
11	carotid artery thrombosis	10.2	PLG F3
12	thoracic outlet syndrome	10.2	PLG F2
13	achenbach syndrome	10.1	F3 F2
14	pleural empyema	10.1	PLG F2
15	synovial angioma	10.1	F3 F2
16	emphysematous cholecystitis	10.1	F3 F2
17	blue toe syndrome	10.1	F3 F2
18	dic in newborn	10.1	F3 F2
19	giant hemangioma	10.1	F3 F2
20	renal pelvis squamous cell carcinoma	10.1	F3 F2
21	subclavian steal syndrome	10.1	F3 F2
22	waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome	10.1	F3 F2
23	cavernous sinus thrombosis	10.1	F3 F2
24	acalculous cholecystitis	10.1	F3 F2
25	hepatic infarction	10.1	F3 F2
26	qualitative platelet defect	10.1	F3 F2
27	hemopneumothorax	10.1	F3 F2
28	splenic abscess	10.1	F3 F2
29	ureteric orifice cancer	10.1	F3 F2
30	kidney cortex necrosis	10.1	F3 F2
31	prothrombin deficiency	10.1	F3 F2
32	acquired von willebrand syndrome	10.1	F3 F2
33	heparin-induced thrombocytopenia	10.1	F3 F2
34	gastric hemangioma	10.1	F3 F2
35	hepatic coma	10.1	F3 F2
36	ankylosing spondylitis 1	10.1	F3 F2
37	mediastinitis	10.1	F3 F2
38	paralytic ileus	10.1	F3 F2
39	mastoiditis	10.1	F3 F2
40	clonorchiasis	10.1	MT-CO1 GRN
41	splenic sequestration	10.1	F3 F2
42	cauda equina syndrome	10.1	F3 F2
43	intracranial hypotension	10.1	F3 F2
44	ischemic colitis	10.1	F3 F2
45	acute hemorrhagic encephalitis	10.1	F3 F2
46	coronary thrombosis	10.1	PLG F3
47	analbuminemia	10.1	F3 F2
48	volvulus of midgut	10.1	F3 F2
49	angiodysplasia	10.1	F3 F2
50	non-severe covid-19	10.1	F3 F2

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Leech Infestation:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Leech Infestation

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Leech Infestation:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	9.61	ADAM10 AMH CYGB F2 F3 GRN
2	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	9.28	ADAM10 AMH CYGB F2 F3 FAM107B

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Leech Infestation

Drugs for Leech Infestation (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

#		Name	Status	Phase	Clinical Trials	Cas Number	PubChem Id
1		Antioxidants

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Risk Benefit Ratio of Hirudotherapy: Retrospective Single-center Study of 37 Cases Over a Period of 9 Years	Completed	NCT04676581
2	Investigation of Oxidant-antioxidant Status in Patients Treated With Hirudotherapy	Completed	NCT05438901

Search NIH Clinical Center for Leech Infestation

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Genetic Tests for Leech Infestation

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Anatomical Context for Leech Infestation

Organs/tissues related to Leech Infestation:

MalaCards : Salivary Gland, Skin, Ovary, Trachea, Eye, Heart, Brain

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Publications for Leech Infestation

Articles related to Leech Infestation:

(show top 50) (show all 1560)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	An Unusual Cause of Recurrent Epistaxis: Nasal Leech Infestation. ⁶²	Tuang GJ...Zahedi FD	33393821	2023
2	Phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation in Haemopis (Annelida: Hirudinea: Haemopidae). ⁶²	Kvist S...Trontelj P	36283573	2023
3	QAMS-based Simultaneous determination and quality assessment of nucleoside analogs from Qi Zhi capsules. ⁶²	Bai B...Sun H	36461617	2022
4	Hirudotherapy in Wound Healing. ⁶²	Nair HKR...Chong SSY	32815407	2022
5	Cryptic taxonomic diversity and high-latitude melanism in the glossiphoniid leech assemblage from the Eurasian Arctic. ⁶²	Bolotov IN...Vinarski MV	36450804	2022
6	Morganella Morganii Infection in Hirudo Medicinalis (Iran): A Case Report. ⁶²	Rahmati Holasoo H...Azizi A	36288175	2022
7	Nasal leeches and epistaxis: A case series. ⁶²	Bhujel K...Moshahary S	36259222	2022
8	Make it double: identification and characterization of a Tandem-Hirudin from the Asian medicinal leech Hirudinaria manillensis. ⁶²	Lukas P...Muller C	36006484	2022
9	Insights into gut microbiota communities of Poecilobdella manillensis, a prevalent Asian medicinal leech. ⁶²	Meng F...Bi X	35262268	2022
10	Hirudinea (Annelida) Fauna of Some Wetlands in Bingöl Province ⁶²	Elaltunkara T...Saglam N	36094126	2022
11	Stormwater ponds as an amphibian breeding site: a case study with European green toad tadpoles. ⁶²	Conan A...Jumeau J	36104646	2022
12	Study on the regulatory effect of leech peptide HE-D on macrophages in atherosclerosis by transcriptome sequencing. ⁶²	Wang K...Song S	35589020	2022
13	Effects of mammalian blood with different glucose levels on reproduction, growth and survival of the southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820. ⁶²	Karatas E...Dernekbasi S	35780744	2022
14	Life history strategies of Cotylurus spp. Szidat, 1928 (Trematoda, Strigeidae) in the molecular era - Evolutionary consequences and implications for taxonomy. ⁶²	Pyrka E...Hildebrand J	35733618	2022
15	Lethal Aeromonas veronii Sepsis in the Course of Medicinal Leech Therapy. ⁶²	Sproll C...Petersdorf S	36139958	2022
16	Bronchoscopic removal of a leech from the trachea by cryotherapy. ⁶²	Li D...Sun D	35801687	2022
17	Leeches and Caudal Analgesia After Replantation for Glans Amputation During Neonatal Circumcision. ⁶²	Mousa A...Santos JD	35263644	2022
18	Esophageal hirudiniasis: an unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. ⁶²	Mahmoudi M...Azzouz MM	35910000	2022
19	Implementation of a Leeches + Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Order Panel to Optimize Medicinal Leech Use at a Tertiary Care Academic Medical Center. ⁶²	Palm NM...Srinivas P	33563061	2022
20	Ozobranchus jantseanus (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae) from Reeve's Turtle, Mauremys reevesii: New Annelid Fauna in Korea. ⁶²	Koo KS...Jang Y	35772741	2022
21	Serotonin mediates stress-like effects on responses to non-nociceptive stimuli in the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana. ⁶²	Mack D...Burrell BD	35510636	2022
22	Measuring ethical behavior with AI and natural language processing to assess business success. ⁶²	Gloor P...Grippa F	35715458	2022
23	Utilization of Leech Therapy after Rhinoplasty. ⁶²	Shtraks JP...Nassif PS	35383721	2022
24	From ancient leech to direct thrombin inhibitors and beyond: New from old. ⁶²	Montinari MR...Minelli S	35364378	2022
25	Population Genetic Structure of Marine Leech, Pterobdella arugamensis in Indo-West Pacific Region. ⁶²	Azmey S...Arai T	35741718	2022
26	Improvement of patient care through hirudotherapy and the management of leeches from their reception to their disposal in France. ⁶²	Vaesken C...Saint-Lorant G	35501036	2022
27	Novel bioavailability-based risk assessment of Cd in earthworms and leeches utilizing in vitro digestion/Caco-2 and MDCK cells. ⁶²	Zuo TT...He LC	34859344	2022
28	Novel contact-kinin inhibitor sylvestin targets thromboinflammation and ameliorates ischemic stroke. ⁶²	Zhang Z...Lai R	35416530	2022
29	Examination of Rickettsial Host Range for Shuttle Vectors Based on dnaA and parA Genes from the pRM Plasmid of Rickettsia monacensis. ⁶²	Burkhardt NY...Kurtti TJ	35323021	2022
30	Purification and characterization of a novel thermostable anticoagulant protein from medicinal leech Whitmania pigra Whitman. ⁶²	Zhang Y...Yang H	35032585	2022
31	A new species of mammalian trypanosome, Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) bubalisi sp. nov., found in the freshwater leech Hirudinaria manillensis. ⁶²	Su BX...Lun ZR	34863800	2022
32	Measuring protected-area effectiveness using vertebrate distributions from leech iDNA. ⁶²	Ji Y...Yu DW	35322033	2022
33	The present state of the leech fauna (Annelida: Hirudinea) in Lithuania. ⁶²	Atkauskien I...Rutkauskait-Sucilien J	35391381	2022
34	The potential of aquatic bloodfeeding and nonbloodfeeding leeches as a tool for iDNA characterisation. ⁶²	Lynggaard C...Bohmann K	34402209	2022
35	[Cutaneous pseudolymphoma after hirudotherapy : Case report and review]. ⁶²	Hanner S...Hoffmann J	33884433	2022
36	Intraoral Hirudotherapy for Venous Congestion following Free Flap Head and Neck Reconstruction: Novel Intraoral Technique. ⁶²	Amanian A...Anderson DW	34293746	2022
37	A new species of medicinal leech in the genus Hirudo Linnaeus, 1758 (Hirudiniformes, Hirudinidae) from Tianjin City, China. ⁶²	Wang H...Liu ZC	35836684	2022
38	Bloody Wiggler, a Case Report of a Leech in the Pharynx. ⁶²	Kasuka A...Kabagenyi F	36164319	2022
39	Comprehensive Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of Hirudinaria manillensis in Different Growth Periods. ⁶²	Shan H...Liu Q	35694407	2022
40	The genome of medicinal leech (Whitmania pigra) and comparative genomic study for exploration of bioactive ingredients. ⁶²	Tong L...Liu ZC	35073842	2022
41	First data on the Hirudinea fauna of lotic ecosystems of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area (Russia). ⁶²	Fedorova LI...Kaygorodova IA	35115865	2022
42	Rethinking antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients receiving medicinal leech therapy. ⁶²	McCracken JA...Sharma R	34390241	2022
43	Intersegmental Interactions Give Rise to a Global Network. ⁶²	Kearney G...Szczupak L	35282329	2022
44	Cellulitis Caused by Hirudo orientalis Bites That Lead to an Allergic reaction. ⁶²	Najjari M...Tavakoli Kareshk A	36317193	2022
45	Validation of Medicinal Leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) as a Non-invasive Blood Sampling Tool for Hematology and Biochemistry Profiling in Mammals. ⁶²	Kvapil P...Racnik J	35187150	2022
46	Glossiphoniid leeches as a touchstone for studies of development in clitellate annelids. ⁶²	Weisblat DA	35337458	2022
47	Comparison of body wall histologic structure of two medicinal leeches Hirudo sulukii and Hirudo verbana (Hirudinida: Hirudinidae). ⁶²	Gul MU...Cakici O	34725716	2022
48	Upper GI Bleeding Due to Leech Infestation in Ethiopian Patients: A Case Series and Review of Literature. ⁶²	Nur AM...Gorfu ZT	36452264	2022
49	Laryngeal Leech Infestation: A Rare Cause of Upper Air Way Obstruction in Children. ⁶²	Arega G...Tilahun D	36388240	2022
50	Case Report: Endoscope-Assisted Bilateral Nasal Leech Retrieval in a Dog. ⁶²	Singh M...Wadhawan R	35968014	2022

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Genes for Leech Infestation

Genes related to Leech Infestation (0 elite genes):

(show all 11)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	ANKRD49	Ankyrin Repeat Domain 49	Protein Coding	6.81	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
2	MT-CO1	Mitochondrially Encoded Cytochrome C Oxidase I	Protein Coding	5.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
3	PMP2	Peripheral Myelin Protein 2	Protein Coding	5.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
4	PLG	Plasminogen	Protein Coding	4.56	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
5	FAM107B	Family With Sequence Similarity 107 Member B	Protein Coding	4.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
6	F3	Coagulation Factor III, Tissue Factor	Protein Coding	4.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
7	F2	Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin	Protein Coding	3.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
8	GRN	Granulin Precursor	Protein Coding	3.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
9	CYGB	Cytoglobin	Protein Coding	3.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	ADAM10	ADAM Metallopeptidase Domain 10	Protein Coding	3.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	AMH	Anti-Mullerian Hormone	Protein Coding	3.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

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Variations for Leech Infestation

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Expression for Leech Infestation

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Leech Infestation.

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Pathways for Leech Infestation

Pathways related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Defects of contact activation system (CAS) and kallikrein/kinin system (KKS) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Blood clotting cascade ⁷⁴ Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Common Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation ⁶⁶ Complement and coagulation cascades ⁷⁴ Defective F8 binding to von Willebrand factor ⁶⁶ Defective F8 cleavage by thrombin ⁶⁶ Defective F8 sulfation at Y1699 ⁶⁶ Defective F9 activation ⁶⁶ Defective F9 secretion ⁶⁶ Defective factor IX causes hemophilia B ⁶⁶ Defective factor VIII causes hemophilia A ⁶⁶ Defective factor XII causes hereditary angioedema ⁶⁶ Defective gamma-carboxylation of F9 ⁶⁶ Diseases of hemostasis ⁶⁶ Extrinsic Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation ⁶⁶ Extrinsic Prothrombin Activation Pathway ⁶⁴ Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) ⁶⁶ Intrinsic Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation ⁶⁶ Thrombin/protease-activated receptor (PAR) pathway ⁶¹	12.04	PLG F3 F2
2	Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Post-translational protein phosphorylation ⁶⁶	11.87	PLG F2 ADAM10
3	Adhesion ³	11.22	PLG F3 ADAM10
4	Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Pathway, Adverse Drug Reaction ⁶⁰	10.94	F3 F2
5	Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events ⁶¹	10.75	PLG F2
6	A-beta Plaque Formation and APP Metabolism ⁶⁵	10.52	PLG ADAM10
7	COVID-19, thrombosis and anticoagulation ⁷⁴	9.47	PLG F2

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GO Terms for Leech Infestation

Biological processes related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	fibrinolysis	GO:0042730	9.56	PLG F2
2	negative regulation of fibrinolysis	GO:0051918	9.46	PLG F2
3	blood coagulation	GO:0007596	9.43	PLG F3 F2
4	hemostasis	GO:0007599	8.8	PLG F3 F2

Molecular functions related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signaling receptor binding	GO:0005102	9.23	PLG F2 AMH ADAM10

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Sources for Leech Infestation

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: LCH001 MIFTS: 35	Leech Infestation Categories: Blood diseases, Infectious diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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