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MCID: LCH001
MIFTS: 38

Leech Infestation

Categories: Blood diseases, Infectious diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Leech Infestation

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Leech Infestation:

Name: Leech Infestation 12 15 70
Hirudiniasis 12
Leeches 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Blood diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:11079
ICD9CM 34 134.2
SNOMED-CT 67 154423006
ICD10 32 B88.3
UMLS 70 C0019575
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Summaries for Leech Infestation

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Disease Ontology : 12 A parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease that involves parasitic infestation by members of the subclass Hirudinea. The leeches remain attached to their hosts and feed on blood until they become full, at which point they fall off to digest. While feeding, they release an anesthetic and use a combination of mucus and suction to stay attached and secrete an anti-clotting enzyme, hirudin, into the host's blood stream.

MalaCards based summary : Leech Infestation, also known as hirudiniasis, is related to deficiency anemia and platelet aggregation, spontaneous. An important gene associated with Leech Infestation is CALHM6 (Calcium Homeostasis Modulator Family Member 6), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ and Complement and coagulation cascades. The drugs Clotrimazole and Miconazole have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include liver, skin and salivary gland.

Wikipedia : 73 Leeches are segmented parasitic or predatory worms that belong to the phylum Annelida and comprise the... more...

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Related Diseases for Leech Infestation

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Diseases related to Leech Infestation via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 112)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 deficiency anemia 10.3
2 platelet aggregation, spontaneous 10.3 SERPINC1 PF4
3 cold urticaria 10.3 SERPINC1 PF4
4 puerperal pulmonary embolism 10.3 SERPINC1 F10
5 giant hemangioma 10.3 SERPINC1 F3
6 vulvar angiokeratoma 10.3 SERPINC1 F3
7 dic in newborn 10.3 SERPINC1 F3
8 prothrombin deficiency, congenital 10.3 SERPINC1 F10
9 waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
10 cavernous sinus thrombosis 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
11 acquired hemophilia 10.2 F3 F10
12 hepatic infarction 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
13 qualitative platelet defect 10.2 PF4 F3
14 intracranial hypotension 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
15 hepatic coma 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
16 splenic infarction 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
17 retinal artery occlusion 10.2 SERPINC1 PLG
18 pituitary adenoma 5, multiple types 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
19 vitamin k deficiency bleeding 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
20 vulvar benign neoplasm 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
21 esophageal varix 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
22 alveolar periostitis 10.2 PLG PF4
23 hemarthrosis 10.2 F3 F10
24 papilledema 10.2 SERPINC1 F3
25 thoracic outlet syndrome 10.2 SERPINC1 PLG
26 livedoid vasculitis 10.2 SERPINC1 PLG
27 dysphagia 10.2
28 cholesterol embolism 10.1 SERPINC1 PLG
29 peripheral vertigo 10.1 SERPINC1 F3
30 lateral myocardial infarction 10.1 SERPINC1 PLG
31 purpura fulminans 10.1 SERPINC1 F3
32 medulloadrenal hyperfunction 10.1 PLG F3
33 brachydactyly, type d 10.1 F3 F10
34 anterior cerebral artery infarction 10.1 SERPINC1 PLG
35 cerebral falx meningioma 10.1 PLG F3
36 central retinal artery occlusion 10.1 SERPINC1 PLG
37 acute pulmonary heart disease 10.1 PLG F3
38 perforated corneal ulcer 10.1 PLG PF4
39 acute cor pulmonale 10.1 PLG F3
40 posterior cerebral artery infarction 10.1 PLG F3
41 prothrombin deficiency 10.1 SERPINC1 F3 F10
42 factor v deficiency 10.1 F3 F10
43 hemopericardium 10.1 PLG F3
44 factor vii deficiency 10.1 SERPINC1 F3 F10
45 protein s deficiency 10.1 SERPINC1 F3 F10
46 factor xi deficiency 10.1 SERPINC1 F3 F10
47 factor viii deficiency 10.1 SERPINC1 F3 F10
48 thrombocytosis 10.1 SERPINC1 PF4 F3
49 factor x deficiency 10.1 F3 F10
50 thrombophlebitis migrans 10.1 SERPIND1 F3

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Leech Infestation:



Diseases related to Leech Infestation
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Leech Infestation

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Leech Infestation

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Drugs for Leech Infestation (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 53)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Clotrimazole Approved, Vet_approved 23593-75-1 2812
2
Miconazole Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved 22916-47-8 4189
3
Tacrolimus Approved, Investigational 104987-11-3 6473866 445643 439492
4
Cyclophosphamide Approved, Investigational 50-18-0, 6055-19-2 2907
5
Metoprolol Approved, Investigational Early Phase 1 37350-58-6, 51384-51-1 4171
6
Ramipril Approved Early Phase 1 87333-19-5 5362129
7
Indian frankincense Approved, Experimental, Investigational Early Phase 1
8
Aspirin Approved, Vet_approved Early Phase 1 50-78-2 2244
9
Atorvastatin Approved Early Phase 1 134523-00-5 60823
10
Diclofenac Approved, Vet_approved 15307-86-5 3033
11
Doxorubicin Approved, Investigational 23214-92-8 31703
12
Chlorotrianisene Investigational, Withdrawn 569-57-3 11289
13 glucocorticoids
14 Hormone Antagonists
15 Immunosuppressive Agents
16 Immunologic Factors
17 Hormones
18 Cyclosporins
19 Alkylating Agents
20 Dermatologic Agents
21 Calcineurin Inhibitors
22 Antifungal Agents
23 Anti-Infective Agents
24 Neurotransmitter Agents Early Phase 1
25 Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Early Phase 1
26 Adrenergic Antagonists Early Phase 1
27 Fibrinolytic Agents Early Phase 1
28 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Early Phase 1
29 Antihypertensive Agents Early Phase 1
30 Anticholesteremic Agents Early Phase 1
31 Antimetabolites Early Phase 1
32 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Early Phase 1
33 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Early Phase 1
34 Adrenergic Agents Early Phase 1
35 Sympatholytics Early Phase 1
36
protease inhibitors Early Phase 1
37 Lipid Regulating Agents Early Phase 1
38 Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists Early Phase 1
39 Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Early Phase 1
40 Antipyretics Early Phase 1
41 HIV Protease Inhibitors Early Phase 1
42 Hypolipidemic Agents Early Phase 1
43 Anesthetics
44 Anticoagulants
45 Hirudins
46 Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
47 Analgesics
48 Antirheumatic Agents
49 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
50 Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Interventional clinical trials:


# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Resistant Hypertension in Patient With Diabetic Nephropathy: Role of Sleep Apnea and Associated Sympathetic Hyperactivity. Completed NCT01875341 Phase 3
2 Single and Repeated Leech Therapy for the Treatment of Late Stage Knee Osteoarthritis. A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Comparative Trial Completed NCT00435773 Phase 2
3 Randomized Controlled Clinical Evaluation of Leech Therapy in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis Completed NCT02612974 Phase 2
4 Mechanism Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine (the Comprehensive Treatment Regimen) in Treating Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy by Genomewide Association Studies Unknown status NCT01799460 The Comprehensive Treatment Regimen of Traditional Chinese Medicine;The immunosuppressive agents
5 Risk Benefit Ratio of Hirudotherapy: Retrospective Single-center Study of 37 Cases Over a Period of 9 Years Completed NCT04676581
6 Effect of Acupoint Application With Herbal Medicine in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris: Randomized, Controlled,Double Blind Clinical Study Completed NCT02029118 Early Phase 1 Herbal plaster ( styrax, borneol, frankincense, santalum,trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, allium macrostemon Bunge, leech);Aspirin: 100mg qd; Metoprolol：25mg bid; Ramipril:5mg qd; Atorvastatin:20mg qn.
7 Pilot Study on the Influence of Leech Therapy on Pain and Sensory Processing in Patients With Postherpetic Neuralgia Terminated NCT01744522
8 Effectiveness and Safety of Breeded Leech "Medileech" by BioRepro GmbH for Symptomatic Primary Arthrosis of the First Carpometacarpal Joint: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Terminated NCT03020368 Diclofenac
9 SPEED 1 Trial: Bridge to Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT) - (Surefire Precision vs Endhole Embolization With DEBTACE) Terminated NCT03170869

Search NIH Clinical Center for Leech Infestation

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Genetic Tests for Leech Infestation

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Anatomical Context for Leech Infestation

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Leech Infestation:

40
Liver, Skin, Salivary Gland, Brain, Heart, Eye, Breast
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Publications for Leech Infestation

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Articles related to Leech Infestation:

(show top 50) (show all 1450)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Myxobdella socotrensis sp. nov., a new parasitic leech from Socotra Island, with comments on the phylogeny of Praobdellidae (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida). 61
33617989 2021
2
Arterial only anastomosis associated with modified Baudet technique in ear replantation: Case reports and literature review. 61
33787638 2021
3
Macrobdella decora: Old World Leech Gut Microbial Community Structure Conserved in a New World Leech. 61
33674439 2021
4
Outbreak of hirudiniasis in aquarium-reared albino red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus. 61
33704092 2021
5
The Vascularity of Ayurvedic Leech Therapy: Sensory Translations and Emergent Agencies in Interspecies Medicine. 61
32779247 2021
6
Efficacy of the Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta indica Against the Marine Parasitic Leech and Its Phytochemical Profiling. 61
33805254 2021
7
Evaluation of selected plant extracts for in vitro anti-marine leech (Zeylanicobdella arugamensis) activity. 61
33797534 2021
8
Exogenous Integrin αIIbβ3 Inhibitors Revisited: Past, Present and Future Applications. 61
33806083 2021
9
A Rare Cause of Hemoptysis: Hypopharyngeal Leech. 61
33705045 2021
10
Effect of leech-centipede medicine on improving erectile function in DIED rats via PKC signalling pathway-related molecules. 61
33049347 2021
11
Potent Trivalent Inhibitors of Thrombin through Hybridization of Salivary Sulfopeptides from Hematophagous Arthropods. 61
33345438 2021
12
Transcriptional profiling of identified neurons in leech. 61
33765928 2021
13
Implementation of a Leeches + Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Order Panel to Optimize Medicinal Leech Use at a Tertiary Care Academic Medical Center. 61
33563061 2021
14
An Unusual Cause of Recurrent Epistaxis: NASAL Leech Infestation. 61
33393821 2021
15
Leeches as the intermediate host for strigeid trematodes: genetic diversity and taxonomy of the genera Australapatemon Sudarikov, 1959 and Cotylurus Szidat, 1928. 61
33436032 2021
16
A Case Report on Leech Infestation as a Cause of Severe Anemia in a 10-Month-Old Infant in Ethiopia. 61
33633470 2021
17
The Origin and Evolution of Antistasin-like Proteins in Leeches (Hirudinida, Clitellata). 61
33527140 2021
18
NMR-Based Structural Characterization of a Two-Disulfide-Bonded Analogue of the FXIIIa Inhibitor Tridegin: New Insights into Structure-Activity Relationships. 61
33477282 2021
19
Flap Venous Congestion and Salvage Techniques: A Systematic Literature Review. 61
33564571 2021
20
Antiparasitic Potential of Chromatographic Fractions of Nephrolepis biserrata and Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. 61
33477743 2021
21
HvRNASET2 Regulate Connective Tissue and Collagen I Remodeling During Wound Healing Process. 61
33716780 2021
22
An ultrastructural study of the ovary cord organization and oogenesis in the amphibian leech Batracobdella algira (Annelida, Clitellata, Hirudinida). 61
33033944 2021
23
Marine leech parasitism of sea turtles varies across host species, seasons, and the tumor disease fibropapillomatosis. 61
33443237 2021
24
Ethnobotanical survey of plants traditionally used against hematophagous invertebrates by ethnic groups in the mountainous area of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. 61
33733009 2020
25
How parasite exposure and time interact to determine Australapatemon burti (Trematoda: Digenea) infections in second intermediate hosts (Erpobdella microstoma) (Hirudinea: Erpodellidae). 61
32976822 2020
26
Multidrug resistant Aeromonas infection following medical leech therapy: A case report and development of a joint antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention protocol. 61
33137533 2020
27
Host-parasite relationships between seabirds and the haemadipsid leech Chtonobdella palmyrae (Annelida: Clitellata) inhabiting oceanic islands in the Pacific Ocean. 61
32943118 2020
28
Management of Upper Airway Leech Infestations. 61
31266401 2020
29
Antiparasitic potential of Nephrolepis biserrata methanol extract against the parasitic leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Hirudinea) and LC-QTOF analysis. 61
33328532 2020
30
Ovary cord micromorphology in the blood-sucking haemadipsid leech Haemadipsa japonica (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudiniformes). 61
32896812 2020
31
Multilocus Metabarcoding of Terrestrial Leech Bloodmeal iDNA Increases Species Richness Uncovered in Surveys of Vertebrate Host Biodiversity. 61
33429437 2020
32
Leech Therapy for Complex Facial Lacerations. 61
33170826 2020
33
Leech blood-meal invertebrate-derived DNA reveals differences in Bornean mammal diversity across habitats. 61
33171014 2020
34
From leeches to interferon: should cytoreduction be prescribed for all patients with polycythemia vera? 61
32678292 2020
35
First freshwater mussel-associated piscicolid leech from East Asia. 61
33199759 2020
36
A tale of two leeches: Toward the understanding of the evolution and development of behavioral neural circuits. 61
33226195 2020
37
Adult ocular leech infestation. 61
32640885 2020
38
The genetic diversity of blood parasites within the freshwater turtles Mauremys leprosa and Emys orbicularis in Tunisia reveals coinfection with Haemogregarina spp. 61
32699938 2020
39
Host-parasite association of Placobdella costata (Glossiphoniidae: Hirudinea) and Mauremys leprosa (Geoemydidae: Testudinoidea) in aquatic ecosystems of Morocco. 61
32677002 2020
40
Nanomaterials and Annelid Immunity: A Comparative Survey to Reveal the Common Stress and Defense Responses of Two Sentinel Species to Nanomaterials in the Environment. 61
32977601 2020
41
Detailed ultrastructure of the Hirudo (Annelida: Hirudinea) salivary gland. 61
32516666 2020
42
Klebsiella pneumoniae: A pathogenic bacteria transmitted through Hirudo nipponia that may cause illness in humans. 61
32979252 2020
43
Morphological and molecular characterization of an African freshwater fish trypanosome, including its development in a leech vector. 61
32687913 2020
44
The neuromuscular transform in a single segment of a segmented heart tube. 61
32755357 2020
45
Effects of Whole-Lake Additions of Ethynylestradiol on Leech Populations. 61
32692460 2020
46
Hirudotherapy in Wound Healing. 61
32815407 2020
47
Leeches in the extreme: Morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to inhospitable habitats. 61
33101909 2020
48
Letter to the Editor: A Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Leeches in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 61
32983765 2020
49
Management of herpes zoster in Ayurveda through medicinal leeches and other composite Ayurveda Treatment. 61
32798195 2020
50
Reply: Letter to the Editor: A Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Leeches in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 61
32802682 2020
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Variations for Leech Infestation

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Expression for Leech Infestation

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Leech Infestation.
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Pathways for Leech Infestation

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Pathways related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ 65
Show member pathways
 12.71 SERPIND1 SERPINC1 PLG PF4 F3 F10
2
Complement and coagulation cascades 36 1
11.52 SERPIND1 SERPINC1 PLG F3 F10
3
Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) 65
Show member pathways
 11.3 SERPIND1 SERPINC1 PLG PF4 F3 F10
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GO Terms for Leech Infestation

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Cellular components related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.8 SERPIND1 SERPINC1 PLG PF4 HYAL1 F3
2 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.5 SERPIND1 SERPINC1 PLG PF4 HYAL1 F3
3 collagen-containing extracellular matrix GO:0062023 9.46 SERPINC1 PLG PF4 F3
4 intrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane GO:0031233 8.62 F3 F10

Biological processes related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cellular protein metabolic process GO:0044267 9.5 SERPIND1 SERPINC1 PLG
2 cytoskeleton organization GO:0007010 9.43 RANBP10 PALLD MAEA
3 blood coagulation GO:0007596 9.35 SERPIND1 SERPINC1 PLG F3 F10
4 blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway GO:0007598 9.16 F3 F10
5 hemostasis GO:0007599 9.02 SERPIND1 SERPINC1 PLG F3 F10

Molecular functions related to Leech Infestation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 serine-type endopeptidase activity GO:0004252 9.13 PLG F3 F10
2 heparin binding GO:0008201 8.8 SERPIND1 SERPINC1 PF4
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Sources for Leech Infestation

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Apr-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 Tocris
70 UMLS
71 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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