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MCID: LSH001
MIFTS: 63

Leishmaniasis

Categories: Infectious diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Leishmaniasis

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Leishmaniasis:

Name: Leishmaniasis 12 74 52 54 42 3 43 15 17 71 32
Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis 12 71
Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Infectious Disease by Leishmaniasis 12
Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis 12
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous 71
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 52
Leishmaniasis, Visceral 71
Visceral Leishmaniasis 52
Kala-Azar 52

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Infectious diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32


Sources

Summaries for Leishmaniasis

About this section
MedlinePlus : 42 Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis. The most common are cutaneous and visceral. The cutaneous type causes skin sores. The visceral type affects internal organs such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. People with this form usually have fever, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen and liver. Leishmaniasis is found in parts of about 88 countries. Most of these countries are in the tropics and subtropics. It is possible but very unlikely that you would get this disease in the United States. But you should be aware of it if you are traveling to the Middle East or parts of Central America, South America, Asia, Africa or southern Europe. Treatment is with medicines that contain antimony, a type of metal, or with strong antibiotics. The best way to prevent the disease is to protect yourself from sand fly bites: Stay indoors from dusk to dawn, when sand flies are the most active Wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts when outside Use insect repellent and bed nets as needed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

MalaCards based summary : Leishmaniasis, also known as post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, is related to mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis, and has symptoms including fever, pruritus and exanthema. An important gene associated with Leishmaniasis is RN7SL1 (RNA Component Of Signal Recognition Particle 7SL1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and PEDF Induced Signaling. The drugs Lidocaine and Amphotericin B have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include testes, skin and t cells, and related phenotypes are splenomegaly and hepatomegaly

Disease Ontology : 12 A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection caused by protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania, which is transmitted by the bite of sand fly (subfamily Phlebotominae).

NIH Rare Diseases : 52 Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis. The most common are cutaneous and visceral. The cutaneous type causes skin sores. The visceral type affects internal organs such as the spleen, liver and bone marrow. People with this form usually have fever, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen and liver. Visceral disease can be deadly without proper treatment. Leishmaniasis is found in parts of the Middle East, Central America, South American, Asia, Africa, and southern Europe. Most of these countries are in the tropics and subtropics. It is possible but very unlikely to get this disease in the United States.

CDC : 3 Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease (NTD). Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis in people. The most common forms are cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs (usually spleen, liver, and bone marrow).

Wikipedia : 74 Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania type. It is spread by the bite of... more...

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Related Diseases for Leishmaniasis

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Diseases related to Leishmaniasis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 872)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 35.5 TNF LMLN IL4 IL10 IFNG
2 cutaneous leishmaniasis 35.5 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SLC11A1 NOS2 LMLN
3 visceral leishmaniasis 35.3 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SLC11A1 NOS2 LMLN
4 chagas disease 32.2 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 IL4 IL1B
5 immune deficiency disease 32.0 TNF IL4 IL10 IFNGR1 IFNG
6 leprosy 3 32.0 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SLC11A1 IL4 IL1B
7 skin disease 31.9 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL4 IL1A IL10
8 allergic hypersensitivity disease 31.9 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL4 IL10 IFNG
9 trypanosomiasis 31.8 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 IL4 IL1B
10 schistosomiasis 31.8 TNF IL4 IL1A IL10 IFNGR1 IFNG
11 diarrhea 31.7 TNF TLR4 IL1B IL10 IFNG
12 sporotrichosis 31.7 TNF IL10 IFNG
13 sleeping sickness 31.7 NOS2 LMLN IL10
14 lepromatous leprosy 31.6 TNF TLR2 IL4 IL10 IFNGR1 IFNG
15 uveitis 31.6 TNF IL4 IL1A IL10 IFNG
16 lupus erythematosus 31.6 TNF ITGAM IL10 IFNG HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1
17 filariasis 31.6 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 IL10 IFNG
18 toxoplasmosis 31.6 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 ITGAM IL4
19 hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 31.5 TNF IL10 IFNG
20 thrombocytopenia 31.5 TNF TLR4 TLR2 ITGAM IL4 IL1B
21 conjunctivitis 31.5 TNF IL4 IL10 IFNG
22 histoplasmosis 31.5 TNF IFNG HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1
23 dermatitis 31.5 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL4 IL1A IL10
24 malaria 31.5 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 IL4 IL1B
25 autoimmune vasculitis 31.5 TNF IL4 IL1B FCGR2A
26 pulmonary tuberculosis 31.5 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SLC11A1 IL4 IL10
27 bacterial infectious disease 31.5 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SLC11A1 ITGAM IL1B
28 paracoccidioidomycosis 31.5 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL4 IL10 IFNG
29 autoimmune hepatitis 31.4 TNF IL4 IL10 HLA-DRB1
30 lymphadenitis 31.4 TNF TLR4 SLC11A1 IL1B IL10 IFNGR1
31 tuberculoid leprosy 31.4 IL4 IL10 IFNG
32 parasitic protozoa infectious disease 31.4 TNF TLR4 TLR2 LMLN IL4 IL10
33 fatty liver disease 31.4 TNF TLR4 IL1B IL1A
34 acute pancreatitis 31.4 TNF TLR4 IL1B IL10
35 infective endocarditis 31.4 TNF TLR2 FCGR2A
36 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease 31.4 TNF IL4 IL10 IFNG
37 amebiasis 31.4 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL4
38 brucellosis 31.3 TNF TLR4 SLC11A1 IL4 IL10 IFNG
39 chickenpox 31.3 TNF IL4 IL10 IFNG
40 autoimmune disease 31.3 TNF SLC11A1 ITGAM IL4 IL1B IL1A
41 herpes zoster 31.3 TNF TLR2 IL10 IFNG HLA-DRB1 FCGR2A
42 hypersplenism 31.3 TLR4 IL4 IFNG
43 systemic lupus erythematosus 31.3 TNF TLR4 TLR2 ITGAM IL4 IL1B
44 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 31.3 TNF RN7SL1 NOS2 ITGAM IL1B IL10
45 sarcoidosis 1 31.2 TNF SLC11A1 ITGAM IL1B IL1A IFNG
46 echinococcosis 31.2 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL10 IFNG HLA-DRB1
47 pemphigus 31.2 TNF IL4 IL10 HLA-DRB1
48 panuveitis 31.2 TNF IL10 HLA-DRB1
49 candidiasis 31.2 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL4 IL1B IL10
50 myocarditis 31.2 TNF TLR4 NOS2 IL4 IL1B IL10

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Leishmaniasis:



Diseases related to Leishmaniasis
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Leishmaniasis

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Human phenotypes related to Leishmaniasis:

31 (show all 24)
# Description HPO Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 splenomegaly 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0001744
2 hepatomegaly 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0002240
3 pancytopenia 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0001876
4 abnormal bleeding 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0001892
5 papule 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0200034
6 skin ulcer 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0200042
7 lymphadenopathy 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0002716
8 rhinitis 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0012384
9 skin plaque 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0200035
10 abnormal macrophage morphology 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0004311
11 night sweats 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0030166
12 recurrent fever 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0001954
13 abnormal oral mucosa morphology 31 hallmark (90%) HP:0011830
14 arthralgia 31 frequent (33%) HP:0002829
15 anemia 31 frequent (33%) HP:0001903
16 pallor 31 frequent (33%) HP:0000980
17 weight loss 31 frequent (33%) HP:0001824
18 elevated hepatic transaminase 31 frequent (33%) HP:0002910
19 increased antibody level in blood 31 frequent (33%) HP:0010702
20 hypoalbuminemia 31 frequent (33%) HP:0003073
21 fatigue 31 occasional (7.5%) HP:0012378
22 thrombocytopenia 31 occasional (7.5%) HP:0001873
23 anorexia 31 occasional (7.5%) HP:0002039
24 leukopenia 31 occasional (7.5%) HP:0001882

UMLS symptoms related to Leishmaniasis:


fever, pruritus, exanthema

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Leishmaniasis:

45
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 10.21 FCGR2A HLA-DQA1 IFNG IFNGR1 IL10 IL1A
2 immune system MP:0005387 10.17 FCGR2A HLA-DQA1 IFNG IFNGR1 IL10 IL1A
3 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 10.06 IFNG IFNGR1 IL10 IL4 NOS2 SLC11A1
4 integument MP:0010771 9.96 IFNG IFNGR1 IL10 IL1A IL1B IL4
5 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 9.76 IFNG IFNGR1 IL10 IL4 NOS2 TLR2
6 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.65 IFNG IFNGR1 IL10 IL1A IL1B NOS2
7 skeleton MP:0005390 9.32 FCGR2A IFNG IFNGR1 IL10 IL1B IL4
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Leishmaniasis

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Drugs for Leishmaniasis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 111)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Lidocaine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 137-58-6 3676
2
Amphotericin B Approved, Investigational Phase 4 1397-89-3 14956 5280965
3
Miconazole Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 22916-47-8 4189
4
Dimethyl sulfoxide Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 67-68-5 679
5
deoxycholic acid Approved Phase 4 83-44-3 222528
6
meglumine antimoniate Experimental, Investigational Phase 4 133-51-7
7 Anesthetics Phase 4
8 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4
9 Antiparasitic Agents Phase 4
10 Antiprotozoal Agents Phase 4
11 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 4
12 Antifungal Agents Phase 4
13 Liposomal amphotericin B Phase 4
14 Antioxidants Phase 4
15 Free Radical Scavengers Phase 4
16 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 4
17 Cholagogues and Choleretics Phase 4
18 Amphotericin B, deoxycholate drug combination Phase 4
19
Sargramostim Approved, Investigational Phase 3 123774-72-1, 83869-56-1
20
Tocopherol Approved, Investigational Phase 3 1406-66-2, 54-28-4 14986
21
Zinc Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 7440-66-6 32051
22
Imiquimod Approved, Investigational Phase 3 99011-02-6 57469
23
Pentamidine Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 100-33-4 4735
24
Aluminum sulfate Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 10043-01-3
25
carbamide peroxide Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 124-43-6
26
Zinc sulfate Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 7733-02-0
27
Miltefosine Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 58066-85-6 3600
28
Paromomycin Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 7542-37-2, 1263-89-4 165580
29
Fluconazole Approved, Investigational Phase 3 86386-73-4 3365
30
Azithromycin Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 83905-01-5 55185 447043
31
Nitric Oxide Approved Phase 3 10102-43-9 145068
32
Vitamin E Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 3 59-02-9 14985
33 Tocotrienol Investigational Phase 3 6829-55-6
34 Vaccines Phase 2, Phase 3
35 Immunologic Factors Phase 2, Phase 3
36 Vitamins Phase 3
37 Tocopherols Phase 3
38 Tocotrienols Phase 3
39 Nutrients Phase 2, Phase 3
40 Trace Elements Phase 2, Phase 3
41 Micronutrients Phase 2, Phase 3
42 Adjuvants, Immunologic Phase 3
43 Interferon Inducers Phase 3
44 interferons Phase 3
45 Gentamicins Phase 3
46 Dermatologic Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
47 Astringents Phase 2, Phase 3
48 Antimony Sodium Gluconate Phase 3
49 Anthelmintics Phase 3
50 Vasodilator Agents Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 168)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Point of Care Diagnosis and Treatment With Single Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B for Visceral Leishmaniasis in India. Unknown status NCT01566552 Phase 4 AMBISOME
2 Safety and Effectiveness of Short-course AmBisome in the Treatment of Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL): a Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh Completed NCT03311607 Phase 4 AmBisome
3 A Study to Explore Association of Treatment Regimens for Visceral Leishmaniasis, Host Immunological, Genetical and Nutrition Factors With Post-kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Completed NCT01975051 Phase 4 Mitefosine
4 A Phase 4 Study to Expand Access Program While Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of Paromomycin IM Injection in an Outpatient Setting for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis Completed NCT00604955 Phase 4 Paromomycin sulfate
5 Low-dose Pentavalent Antimony Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Old Age Patients Infected With Leishmania (Viannia) Braziliensis in Bahia State, Brazil. An Open Uncontrolled Trial. Completed NCT00818818 Phase 4 Meglumine antimoniate
6 Efficacy and Safety of Amphotericin B Deoxycholate Compared to Meglumine Antimoniate for Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazilian Children Completed NCT01032187 Phase 4 Meglumine antimoniate;Amphotericin B-deoxycholate
7 Pharmacokinetics of Miltefosine in Children and Adults: Implications for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia. Completed NCT01462500 Phase 4 Miltefosine
8 Phase IV Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Pentavalent Antimony Compared to the Standard Dose in Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia)Braziliensis Completed NCT00317980 Phase 4 Meglumine antimoniate;Meglumine antimoniate
9 An Open Label Study of RFH Therapy as Treatment for CL Caused by Leishmania Tropica in India Completed NCT01661296 Phase 4 Sodium stibogluconate
10 Comparison of Effectiveness of Topical Amphotericin B in 30% Dimethylsulphoxide and 30% Dimethylsulphoxide in Treating of Non-dermatophytes Onychomycosis: Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial Pilot Study Recruiting NCT03814343 Phase 4 amphotericin B in 30% DMSO;30% DMSO
11 Multicentric Efficacy and Safety Study of Antileishmanial Drugs for Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil Terminated NCT01310738 Phase 4 Antimoniate of N-methylglucamine;amphotericin B deoxycholate;Liposomal amphotericin B;Liposomal amphotericin B;Antimoniate of N-methylglucamine
12 Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Oral Miltefosine Versus Parenteral Antimony for the Treatment of Pediatric Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia Unknown status NCT00487253 Phase 3 Miltefosine;Meglumine antimoniate
13 Miltefosine and GM-CSF in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: a Randomized and Controlled Trial Unknown status NCT03023111 Phase 3 Sbv;Miltefosine plus placebo;Miltefosine plus GM-CSF
14 A Study for Safety and Efficacy of Miltefosine for Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) in Bangladesh and Association of Serum Vitamin E and Exposure to Arsenic With PKDL Completed NCT02193022 Phase 3 Miltefosine
15 A Prospective, Multicentric, Randomized, Two Arm, Open Label Phase III Study To Assess Efficacy And Safety Of Infusion Of Amphomul® (Amphotericin B Emulsion) As Compared To Liposomal Amphotericin In Patients Of Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar) Completed NCT00876824 Phase 3 Amphotericin B Lipid emulsion;Liposomal Amphotericin B
16 A Multicentre Comparative Trial of Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Stibogluconate (SSG) Versus Paromomycin (PM) Versus Combination of SSG and PM as the First Line Treatment for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan Completed NCT00255567 Phase 3 Sodium Stibogluconate;Paromomycin sulphate;SSG and Paromomycin sulphate
17 A Phase 3 Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Injectable Paromomycin in Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis Completed NCT00216346 Phase 3 Paromomycin sulfate;Amphotericin B
18 Double-blind Placebo Controlled Trial Using Pentoxifylline Associated With Pentavalent Antimony in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Completed NCT01381055 Phase 2, Phase 3 Pentoxifylline;Placebo
19 A Randomised, Open-label, Parallel-group, Safety and Efficacy Study to Evaluate Different Combination Treatment Regimens (Co-administration), of AmBisome, Paromomycin and Miltefosine in Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Completed NCT00523965 Phase 3 amphotericin B deoxycholate;Liposomal Amphotericin B with Miltefosine;Liposomal Amphotericin B and Paromomycin Sulfate;miltefosine + Paromomycin sulfate
20 Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial of Imiquimod (Aldara) Versus Placebo Used in Combination With Pentavalent Antimony (Glucantime) in Peruvian Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Completed NCT00257530 Phase 3 Imiquimod
21 Phase 3, Clinical Trials of Drug Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Completed NCT00351520 Phase 3 Miltefose
22 Replacement of Insecticides to Control Visceral Leishmaniasis Completed NCT01644682 Phase 3
23 A Phase III Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Single Infusion of Liposomal Amphotericin B in Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis Completed NCT00628719 Phase 3 Liposomal Amphotericin B;amphotericin B deoxycholate
24 Topical Paromomycin Cream For Bolivian Cutaneous Eishmaniasis: A Controlled Study Completed NCT03096457 Phase 2, Phase 3 Paromomycin Sulfate;Pentamidine Isethionate
25 Phase 2 Study Electrothermocauterisation of Afghan Patients With Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis With and Without Pharmaceutical Chlorite Listed in the German Drug Codex (DAC N-055) Completed NCT00947362 Phase 2, Phase 3 DAC N-055;saline
26 A Pivotal, Randomized, Double-blind, Vehicle-controlled Study to Evaluate WR 279,396 and Paromomycin Alone to Treat Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (in Tunisia) Completed NCT00606580 Phase 3 WR 279,396 topical cream;Paromomycin Alone topical cream;Vehicle placebo cream
27 Therapeutic Gain of Adding the Immunomodulator Pentoxifylline to the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Completed NCT01464242 Phase 2, Phase 3 Meglumine antimonate;Placebo;Pentoxifylline
28 An Open Lable Randomised Two -Arm Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Paromomycin Administered Intramuscularly at Two Different Dosing Regimens (14 Days Versus 21 Days) for the Treatment of Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Completed NCT00629031 Phase 3 Paromomycin;Paromomycin
29 A Randomized, Double-blind, Pivotal Phase 3 Study of WR 279,396 (Paromomycin + Gentamicin Topical Cream) and Paromomycin Alone Topical Cream for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Panama Completed NCT01790659 Phase 3 WR 279,396;Paromomycin
30 Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Safety & Efficacy Study to Evaluate Different Combination Treatment Regimens, of Either AmBisome and Paromomycin, AmBisome and Miltefosine, or Paromomycin and Miltefosine Compared With Amphotericin B Deoxycholate (the Standard) Therapy for the Treatment of Acute, Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Completed NCT00696969 Phase 3 Amphotericin B Deoxycholate;Ambisome + Miltefosine;Ambisome and Paromomycin;Miltefosine and Paromomycin
31 A Phase III, Open Label, Randomised, Study of Three Short Course Combination Regimens (Ambisome®, Miltefosine, Paromomycin) Compared With AmBisome® Alone for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in Bangladesh Completed NCT01122771 Phase 3 Liposomal amphotericin B;liposomal amphotericin B + miltefosine;liposomal amphotericin B + paromomycin;Miltefosine + Paromomycin
32 A Randomized, Safety, Immunogenicity & Efficacy Study of Autoclaved Leishmania Major Plus BCG vs. BCG (Double Blind) or Placebo (Open), in Healthy High Risk Iranian Volunteers With Positive Response to Leishmanin (LST>0) Completed NCT00429780 Phase 2, Phase 3
33 A Randomized Trial of Ambisome Monotherapy and Combination of Ambisome and Miltefosine for the Treatment of VL in HIV Positive Patients in Ethiopia Followed by Secondary VL Prophylactic Treatment With Pentamidine. Completed NCT02011958 Phase 3 Liposomal Amphotericin B;Miltefosine
34 Secondary Prophylaxis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Relapses in HIV Co-infected Patients Using Pentamidine as a Prophylactic Agent: a Prospective Cohort Study Completed NCT01360762 Phase 3 Pentamidine
35 Phase III Clinical Trial for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: Comparison of Standard and Alternative Antimonial Dosage in Patients With American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Completed NCT01301924 Phase 2, Phase 3 Meglumine antimoniate
36 Phase 3 Open-label Study of Efficacy and Safety of Miltefosine or Thermotherapy vs Glucantime for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia. Completed NCT00471705 Phase 3 Miltefosine;Glucantime®
37 A Randomized, Safety, Immunogenicity & Efficacy Study of Autoclaved Leishmania Major Plus BCG vs. BCG (Double Blind) or Placebo (Open), in Healthy High Risk Iranian Volunteers With no Response to Leishmanin Completed NCT00429715 Phase 2, Phase 3
38 Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Using a Nitric Oxide Releasing Patch: PATHON Completed NCT00428727 Phase 3 Controlled nitric oxide releasing patch;placebo patch
39 A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy of Zinc Supplementation on Diarrhea Incidence in an Adult Population in Western Kenya. Completed NCT01166815 Phase 2, Phase 3
40 Efficacy Study of Liposomal Amphotericin in Disseminated Leishmaniasis Completed NCT02025491 Phase 3 Liposomal Amphotericin B
41 Oral Miltefosine Plus Topical Paromomycin In American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Recruiting NCT03829917 Phase 2, Phase 3 Miltefosine and Paromomycin;miltefosine;paromomycin
42 An Open Label, Phase III, Randomized Controlled, Multicentre Non-Inferiority Trial to Compare Efficacy and Safety of Miltefosine and Paromomycin With SSG and PM Combination for Treatment of Primary Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Patients in Eastern Africa Recruiting NCT03129646 Phase 3 Miltefosine;Paromomycin;Sodium stibogluconate
43 Phase III Clinical Trial for Mucosal or Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis. Comparison Between the Standard and Alternative Antimonial Schemes Recruiting NCT01301937 Phase 2, Phase 3 Meglumine antimoniate
44 Phase 3 Randomized Trial Comparing Fluconazole to Meglumine Antimoniate in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by L. Braziliensis and L. Guyanensis Terminated NCT01953744 Phase 3 Fluconazole;Meglumine Antimoniate
45 Open Label Randomized Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Azithromycin Versus Meglumine Antimoniate to Treat Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Terminated NCT00682656 Phase 2, Phase 3 Glucantime®;Zithromax ®
46 Effectiveness, Safety and Feasibility of Thermotherapy With the Hand-held Exothermic Crystallization Thermotherapy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (HECT-CL), Device for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Quetta, Pakistan Terminated NCT03208543 Phase 3
47 Double Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial, to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Controlled Nitric Oxide Releasing Patch Versus Meglumine Antimoniate in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Terminated NCT00317629 Phase 3 controlled nitric oxide releasing patch;meglumine antimoniate
48 Phase 2 Study of the Efficacy of Daylight Activated Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Unknown status NCT00840359 Phase 2
49 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A SHORT COURSE OF THE COMBINATION OF MILTEFOSINE AND ANTIMONY TO TREAT CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN BOLIVIA Unknown status NCT00537953 Phase 2 Miltefosine , meglumine antimoniate
50 Safety and Efficacy of Oral Miltefosine in Patients With Post Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Completed NCT01635777 Phase 2 Miltefosine;Miltefosine

Search NIH Clinical Center for Leishmaniasis

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 50 :


Antileishmanial [EPC]
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Meglumine
miltefosine
Pentamidine
Pentamidine Isethionate

Cochrane evidence based reviews: leishmaniasis

Sources

Genetic Tests for Leishmaniasis

About this section
Sources

Anatomical Context for Leishmaniasis

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Leishmaniasis:

40
Testes, Skin, T Cells, Liver, Bone, Bone Marrow, Spleen
Sources

Publications for Leishmaniasis

About this section

Articles related to Leishmaniasis:

(show top 50) (show all 20970)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Diagnostic accuracy of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies in patients with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: a systematic review. 61 42
31432991 2019
2
Susceptibility to leishmaniasis is affected by host SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 61 42
31230160 2019
3
PCR primers designed for new world Leishmania: A systematic review. 42
31605671 2019
4
T cells specific to leishmania and other nonrelated microbial antigens can migrate to human leishmaniasis skin lesions. 54 61
20107484 2010
5
Quantification of parasite load in clinical samples of leishmaniasis patients: IL-10 level correlates with parasite load in visceral leishmaniasis. 54 61
20404924 2010
6
Sequence analysis and PCR-RFLP profiling of the hsp70 gene as a valuable tool for identifying Leishmania species associated with human leishmaniasis in Brazil. 54 61
19913112 2010
7
Anti-iL-10 mAb protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis via induction of Th1 cytokines and nitric oxide. 54 61
19634715 2009
8
In leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis infection, distinct intralesional interleukin-10 and Foxp3 mRNA expression are associated with unresponsiveness to treatment. 54 61
19125672 2009
9
Effects of tropism and virulence of Leishmania parasites on cytokine production by infected human monocytes. 54 61
19040614 2009
10
Evidence for involvement of TNFR1 and TIMPs in pathogenesis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. 54 61
19037922 2008
11
Leishmania donovani infection down-regulates TLR2-stimulated IL-12p40 and activates IL-10 in cells of macrophage/monocytic lineage by modulating MAPK pathways through a contact-dependent mechanism. 54 61
18778366 2008
12
Pentoxifylline down modulate in vitro T cell responses and attenuate pathology in Leishmania and HTLV-I infections. 54 61
18687297 2008
13
Increased levels of interleukin-10 and IgG3 are hallmarks of Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. 54 61
18444882 2008
14
CD8 cytotoxic T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis. 54 61
18042173 2007
15
IL-10- and TGF-beta-mediated susceptibility in kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: the significance of amphotericin B in the control of Leishmania donovani infection in India. 54 61
17911647 2007
16
Can interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 balance be associated with severity of human Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection? 54 61
17614975 2007
17
T-cell responses associated with resistance to Leishmania infection in individuals from endemic areas for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. 54 61
17710308 2007
18
Leishmania major heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is not protective in murine models of cutaneous leishmaniasis and stimulates strong humoral responses in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis patients. 54 61
17395340 2007
19
Differential immune regulation of activated T cells between cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis as a model for pathogenesis. 54 61
17430548 2007
20
Circulating nitric oxide and C-reactive protein levels in Indian kala azar patients: correlation with clinical outcome. 54 61
17218153 2007
21
IFNG and IFNGR1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan. 54 61
17136124 2007
22
[CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes in cutaneous leishmaniasis]. 54 61
17063826 2006
23
Differential effects of antigens from L. braziliensis isolates from disseminated and cutaneous leishmaniasis on in vitro cytokine production. 54 61
16638143 2006
24
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Leishmania major glyoxalase I. 54 61
16511153 2005
25
Effect of LACK and KMP11 on IFN-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis patients. 54 61
15853916 2005
26
Natural killer cells and innate immunity to protozoan pathogens. 54 61
15582528 2004
27
Elevated plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-gamma inducing cytokines, and IFN-gamma inducible CXC chemokines in visceral leishmaniasis. 54 61
15569785 2004
28
The role of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in Leishmania infection. 54 61
12943446 2003
29
Polyamine biosynthetic enzymes as drug targets in parasitic protozoa. 54 61
12653650 2003
30
Characterization of the immune response to Leishmania infantum recombinant antigens. 54 61
12593967 2003
31
Up-regulation of Th1-type responses in mucosal leishmaniasis patients. 54 61
12438348 2002
32
Interferon-gamma treatment induces granulomatous tissue reaction in a case of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. 54 61
12142611 2002
33
Gender is a major determinant of the clinical evolution and immune response in hamsters infected with Leishmania spp. 54 61
11953362 2002
34
Sodium stibogluconate is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases and augments cytokine responses in hemopoietic cell lines. 54 61
11544330 2001
35
Unresponsiveness of specific T cells to IL-12 is associated with active cutaneous leishmaniasis owing to Leishmania guyanensis. 54 61
11555399 2001
36
Induction and abrogation of LACK reactive cells in the evolution of human leishmaniasis. 54 61
11422202 2001
37
Atypical mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient: T-cell responses and remission of lesions associated with antigen immunotherapy. 54 61
10446016 1999
38
Increased levels of soluble interleukin-4 receptor in the sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. 54 61
9952391 1999
39
T-cell response in human leishmaniasis. 54 61
10065635 1999
40
Diospyrin, a bisnaphthoquinone: a novel inhibitor of type I DNA topoisomerase of Leishmania donovani. 54 61
9855627 1998
41
Indications of the protective role of natural killer cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis in an area of endemicity. 54 61
9596736 1998
42
Human_leishmaniasis/cytokines.bahia.br. 54 61
9686193 1998
43
Cytokine profile and pathology in human leishmaniasis. 54 61
9686192 1998
44
[Immunopathology of American tegumentary leishmaniasis]. 54 61
10205916 1998
45
High levels of plasma IL-10 and expression of IL-10 by keratinocytes during visceral leishmaniasis predict subsequent development of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. 54 61
9472662 1998
46
Successful therapy of chronic, nonhealing murine cutaneous leishmaniasis with sodium stibogluconate and gamma interferon depends on continued interleukin-12 production. 54 61
9234779 1997
47
Leishmania aethiopica derived from diffuse leishmaniasis patients preferentially induce mRNA for interleukin-10 while those from localized leishmaniasis patients induce interferon-gamma. 54 61
9041358 1997
48
Successful treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis using systemic interferon-gamma. 54 61
8832954 1996
49
Interferon-gamma in the management of infectious diseases. 54 61
7598304 1995
50
Immunogenetics in the analysis of resistance to intracellular pathogens. 54 61
7495519 1995
Sources

Variations for Leishmaniasis

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Sources

Expression for Leishmaniasis

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Leishmaniasis.
Sources

Pathways for Leishmaniasis

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Pathways related to Leishmaniasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 76)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Innate Immune System 65
Show member pathways
 14.13 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SLC11A1 NOS2 ITGAM
2
PEDF Induced Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.74 TNF TLR4 NOS2 IL4 IL1B IL1A
3
TGF-Beta Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.59 TNF ITGAM IL4 IL1B IL1A IL10
4
Akt Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.48 TNF TLR4 TLR2 ITGAM IL4 IL1B
5
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system 65
Show member pathways
 13.47 TNF NOS2 ITGAM IL4 IL1B IL1A
6
IL-2 Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.34 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL4 IL1B IL1A
7
Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway 1 36
Show member pathways
 13.23 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 IL1B IL10
8
Allograft rejection 1 36
Show member pathways
 12.99 TNF IL4 IL1B IL1A IL10 IFNG
9
Measles 36
Show member pathways
 12.95 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B IL1A IFNGR1
10
Herpes simplex virus 1 infection 36
12.93 TNF TLR2 IL1B IFNGR1 IFNG HLA-DRB1
11
Immune response NFAT in immune response 22
Show member pathways
 12.78 TNF IL4 IL10 IFNGR1 IFNG HLA-DRB1
12
NF-KappaB Family Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.76 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B IL1A
13
T cell receptor signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.74 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL4 IL1B IL1A
14
4-1BB Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.73 TNF IL1B IL1A IFNGR1 IFNG
15
NF-kappaB Signaling 4
12.69 TNF TLR2 IL4 IL1B IL10 IFNG
16
Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.66 TNF NOS2 IL1B IL10 IFNG
17
TRAF Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.65 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B IL1A
18
Th17 cell differentiation 36
Show member pathways
 12.53 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL4 IL1B IL1A
19
Toll Comparative Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.47 TNF TLR4 NOS2 IL1B IL1A IFNGR1
20
IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.44 TNF TLR2 IL4 IL1B IFNG
21
JAK-STAT signaling pathway (KEGG) 36
Show member pathways
 12.4 IL4 IL10 IFNGR1 IFNG
22
Folate Metabolism 1
Show member pathways
 12.38 TNF IL4 IL1B IFNG
23
Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.38 TNF IL4 IL1B IL1A IL10 IFNG
24
Necroptosis 36
Show member pathways
 12.38 TNF TLR4 IL1B IL1A IFNGR1 IFNG
25
Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection 36
12.35 TNF TLR4 IL1B FCGR2A
26
Colorectal Cancer Metastasis 63
12.35 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 IFNGR1 IFNG
27
IL-1 Family Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.34 TNF TLR2 NOS2 IL1B IL1A
28
Bacterial infections in CF airways 22
Show member pathways
 12.33 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 IL4 IL1B
29
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade 65
Show member pathways
 12.32 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1A
30
Phagosome 36
12.3 TLR4 TLR2 ITGAM HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1 FCGR2A
31
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
12.24 TNF IL1B IL1A IL10
32
Th1 Differentiation Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 12.23 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B IL10 IFNGR1
33
Osteoclast differentiation 36
12.21 TNF IL1B IL1A IFNGR1 IFNG FCGR2A
34
Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis 36
12.16 TNF IL1B IL1A IFNG
35
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 65
12.16 TNF NOS2 ITGAM IL4 IL1B IL1A
36
Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Overview 64
Show member pathways
 12.16 TNF TLR4 TLR2 ITGAM IL4 IL1B
37
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers 64
12.15 TNF ITGAM IL4 IL10 IFNG FCGR2A
38
IL12-mediated signaling events 1
Show member pathways
 12.14 NOS2 IL4 IL1B IFNG HLA-DRB1
39
MAPK Pathway 70
Show member pathways
 12.11 TLR4 TLR2 IL1B IL1A
40
Spinal Cord Injury 1
12.11 TNF TLR4 NOS2 IL4 IL1B IL1A
41
Yersinia infection 36
12.09 TNF TLR4 IL1B IL10
42
Hematopoietic cell lineage 36
12.06 TNF ITGAM IL4 IL1B IL1A HLA-DRB1
43
HIF-1 signaling pathway 36
12.05 TLR4 NOS2 IFNGR1 IFNG
44
Staphylococcus aureus infection 36
12.05 ITGAM IL10 HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1 FCGR2A
45
Tuberculosis 36
12.02 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 ITGAM IL1B
46
Amoebiasis 36
12.01 TNF TLR4 TLR2 NOS2 ITGAM IL1B
47
Salmonella infection (KEGG) 36
11.96 TLR4 NOS2 IL1B IL1A IFNGR1 IFNG
48
Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways 64
11.96 TNF ITGAM IL4 IL1B IL10 IFNG
49
Phagocytosis of Microbes 63
11.93 TLR4 TLR2 ITGAM FCGR2A
50
Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway 64
11.93 TNF ITGAM IL1B IL10 IFNG
Sources

GO Terms for Leishmaniasis

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Cellular components related to Leishmaniasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 endosome membrane GO:0010008 8.92 TLR4 SLC11A1 HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1

Biological processes related to Leishmaniasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 65)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 10.27 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SLC11A1 IL4 IL1B
2 defense response to bacterium GO:0042742 10.07 TNF TLR4 SLC11A1 NOS2 IL10
3 inflammatory response GO:0006954 10.05 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SLC11A1 IL1B IL1A
4 positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling GO:0043123 10.01 TNF TLR4 IL1B IL1A
5 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051092 10 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
6 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0071222 9.95 TNF TLR4 NOS2 IL1B IL1A IL10
7 positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 9.94 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
8 positive regulation of JNK cascade GO:0046330 9.94 TNF TLR4 IL1B IL1A
9 response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0032496 9.93 TLR4 TLR2 SLC11A1 NOS2 IL1B IL10
10 interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway GO:0060333 9.92 IFNGR1 IFNG HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1
11 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium GO:0050829 9.91 TLR4 SLC11A1 NOS2
12 regulation of insulin secretion GO:0050796 9.91 TNF NOS2 IL1B IFNG
13 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein GO:0042531 9.9 TNF IL4 IFNG
14 apoptotic signaling pathway GO:0097190 9.9 TNF TLR4 ITGAM
15 positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling GO:1901224 9.89 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
16 positive regulation of phagocytosis GO:0050766 9.87 TNF SLC11A1 IL1B IFNG
17 negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand GO:2001240 9.86 TNF IL1B IL1A
18 negative regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032715 9.86 TNF TLR4 IL10
19 positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process GO:0045429 9.86 TNF TLR4 IL1B IFNG
20 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 9.86 TNF NOS2 ITGAM IL4 IL1B IL1A
21 negative regulation of interferon-gamma production GO:0032689 9.85 TLR4 IL10 HLA-DRB1
22 positive regulation of cytokine secretion GO:0050715 9.85 TNF IL1A IL10
23 positive regulation of interferon-gamma production GO:0032729 9.85 TNF TLR4 SLC11A1 IL1B
24 positive regulation of interleukin-12 production GO:0032735 9.84 TLR4 TLR2 IFNG
25 positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion GO:2000778 9.84 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
26 lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway GO:0031663 9.83 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
27 positive regulation of chemokine production GO:0032722 9.81 TNF TLR4 TLR2
28 positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation GO:1902004 9.8 TNF IFNGR1 IFNG
29 positive regulation of interleukin-8 production GO:0032757 9.8 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
30 positive regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032755 9.8 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B IL1A
31 positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis GO:0051044 9.79 TNF IL1B IFNG
32 positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion GO:0034116 9.79 TNF IL1B IL10
33 positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process GO:0051770 9.77 TLR4 TLR2 IFNG
34 positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process GO:0045080 9.76 TNF IL1B IFNG
35 negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance GO:1900222 9.75 TNF IFNGR1 IFNG
36 positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response GO:0150078 9.73 TNF IL1B
37 I-kappaB phosphorylation GO:0007252 9.73 TLR4 TLR2
38 response to molecule of bacterial origin GO:0002237 9.73 TLR2 IL10
39 macrophage activation GO:0042116 9.73 TLR4 SLC11A1
40 cellular response to lipoteichoic acid GO:0071223 9.73 TLR4 TLR2
41 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process GO:0042536 9.73 IL4 IL10
42 T-helper 1 type immune response GO:0042088 9.72 TLR4 HLA-DRB1
43 endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:0072577 9.72 TNF IL10
44 regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier GO:1903140 9.72 TNF IL1B
45 ectopic germ cell programmed cell death GO:0035234 9.71 IL1B IL1A
46 positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism GO:0051712 9.71 NOS2 IFNG
47 negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response GO:0002740 9.71 TNF IL10
48 neuroinflammatory response GO:0150076 9.71 IL4 IFNG
49 type 2 immune response GO:0042092 9.7 IL4 IL10
50 positive regulation of fever generation GO:0031622 9.7 TNF IL1B

Molecular functions related to Leishmaniasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 amyloid-beta binding GO:0001540 9.33 TLR4 TLR2 ITGAM
2 MHC class II receptor activity GO:0032395 9.26 HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1
3 cytokine activity GO:0005125 9.1 TNF IL4 IL1B IL1A IL10 IFNG
4 lipopolysaccharide receptor activity GO:0001875 8.96 TLR4 TLR2
Sources

Sources for Leishmaniasis

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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