Lentigines disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: LNT004 MIFTS: 48	Lentigines Categories: Skin diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Aliases & Classifications for Lentigines

MalaCards integrated aliases for Lentigines:

Name: Lentigines ⁵⁷ ⁵³ ⁷⁵

Lentigo ⁷¹ ⁷⁵

Characteristics:

Inheritance:

Autosomal dominant ⁵⁷

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Skin diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

OMIM® ⁵⁷ 150900

MedGen ⁴⁰ C0023321

SNOMED-CT via HPO ⁶⁹ 199879009 563001 95320005

UMLS ⁷¹ C0023321

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Summaries for Lentigines

MalaCards based summary: Lentigines, also known as lentigo, is related to noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines and hyperpigmentation with or without hypopigmentation, familial progressive. An important gene associated with Lentigines is PRKAR1A (Protein Kinase CAMP-Dependent Type I Regulatory Subunit Alpha), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Disease and Signal Transduction. The drugs Aminolevulinic acid and Imiquimod have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, pituitary and heart, and related phenotypes are nystagmus and abnormality of the skin

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ A lentigo (/lɛnˈtaɪɡoʊ/) (plural lentigines, /lɛnˈtɪdʒɪniːz/) is a small pigmented spot on the skin with... more...

More information from OMIM: 150900

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Related Diseases for Lentigines

Diseases related to Lentigines via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 335)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines	33.1	RAF1 PTPN11 BRAF
2	hyperpigmentation with or without hypopigmentation, familial progressive	31.4	KITLG KIT
3	peutz-jeghers syndrome	30.5	STK11 PRKAR1A CNC2
4	pseudo-turner syndrome	30.4	RAF1 PTPN11 BRAF
5	rasopathy	30.3	RAF1 PTPN11 KIT BRAF
6	nodular malignant melanoma	30.3	TYR MC1R KIT BRAF
7	malignant spindle cell melanoma	30.3	TYR KIT
8	amelanotic melanoma	30.2	TYR MC1R KIT
9	vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility 1	30.0	TYR MC1R KITLG
10	melanoma in congenital melanocytic nevus	29.9	TYR RAF1 MC1R KIT BRAF
11	mucosal melanoma	29.9	TYR KIT BRAF
12	pulmonic stenosis	29.9	RAF1 PTPN11 BRAF
13	skin melanoma	29.9	TYR RAF1 MC1R KIT BRAF
14	cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 1	29.9	RAF1 PTPN11 BRAF
15	gastrointestinal stromal tumor	29.9	RAF1 KITLG KIT BRAF
16	acral lentiginous melanoma	29.9	TYR MC1R KIT BRAF
17	neurilemmoma	29.8	TYR PRKAR1A KIT CNC2
18	skin carcinoma	29.7	TYR MSH2 MC1R KIT
19	ocular melanoma	29.7	TYR MC1R KIT
20	conn's syndrome	29.6	PRKAR1A EDN1 CNC2 BRAF
21	neurofibroma	29.5	TYR KITLG KIT
22	testicular germ cell tumor	29.5	STK11 KITLG KIT
23	adenoma	29.4	PRKAR1A MSH2 MLH1 BRAF
24	merkel cell carcinoma	29.4	RAF1 KITLG KIT BRAF
25	microphthalmia	29.3	TYR MC1R KIT BRAF
26	lynch syndrome	29.2	STK11 MSH2 MLH1 BRAF
27	testicular cancer	29.2	TYR STK11 KITLG KIT
28	dysplastic nevus syndrome	29.2	STK11 MSH2 MLH1 MC1R
29	leukemia, chronic myeloid	29.2	RAF1 PTPN11 KITLG KIT BRAF
30	cowden syndrome 1	29.1	STK11 PRKAR1A MSH2 MLH1
31	cowden syndrome	29.1	STK11 PRKAR1A MSH2 MLH1 CNC2
32	basal cell carcinoma	29.1	TYR MSH2 MLH1 MC1R
33	neurofibromatosis	29.0	PTPN11 MSH2 MLH1 KITLG KIT BRAF
34	neurofibromatosis, type i	29.0	RAF1 PTPN11 MSH2 MLH1 KITLG KIT
35	waardenburg's syndrome	29.0	TYR MC1R KITLG KIT EDNRB
36	melanoma	28.7	TYR STK11 RAF1 MLH1 MC1R KITLG
37	dowling-degos disease 1	28.6	TYR STK11 KITLG KIT EDN1
38	melanoma, cutaneous malignant 1	27.7	TYR STK11 RAF1 MSH2 MLH1 MC1R
39	lentigo maligna melanoma	11.7
40	leopard syndrome 1	11.5
41	gastrocutaneous syndrome	11.4
42	leopard syndrome 2	11.4
43	lentiginosis, inherited patterned	11.3
44	leopard syndrome 3	11.3
45	carney complex variant	11.3
46	noonan syndrome 1	11.2
47	melanocytic nevus syndrome, congenital	11.1
48	spastic paraplegia 23, autosomal recessive	11.0
49	uv-sensitive syndrome	11.0
50	dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria 1	10.9

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Lentigines:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Lentigines

Human phenotypes related to Lentigines:

³⁰

#	Description	HPO Frequency	Orphanet Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	nystagmus ³⁰			HP:0000639
2	abnormality of the skin ³⁰			HP:0000951

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM®:

⁵⁷ (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

Eyes:
nystagmus

Skin:
lentigines

Clinical features from OMIM®:

150900 (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁵ (show all 13)

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Decreased viability	GR00055-A-1	9.77	BRAF
2	Decreased viability	GR00055-A-2	9.77	BRAF
3	Decreased viability	GR00221-A-1	9.77	KIT RAF1
4	Decreased viability	GR00221-A-2	9.77	RAF1
5	Decreased viability	GR00221-A-4	9.77	BRAF
6	Decreased viability	GR00249-S	9.77	BRAF
7	Decreased viability	GR00301-A	9.77	BRAF KIT MSH2 RAF1
8	Decreased viability	GR00381-A-1	9.77	BRAF
9	Decreased viability	GR00402-S-2	9.77	RAF1
10	Decreased substrate adherent cell growth	GR00193-A-1	9.17	KIT RAF1 STK11
11	Decreased substrate adherent cell growth	GR00193-A-2	9.17	KIT RAF1
12	Decreased substrate adherent cell growth	GR00193-A-3	9.17	STK11
13	Decreased substrate adherent cell growth	GR00193-A-4	9.17	KIT

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Lentigines:

⁴⁵ (show all 25)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neoplasm	MP:0002006	10.4	BRAF EDNRB KIT KITLG MC1R MLH1
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.34	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG MLH1
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.31	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG MC1R
4	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.3	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG MSH2
5	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.26	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG MLH1
6	cellular	MP:0005384	10.23	BRAF EDNRB KIT KITLG MC1R MLH1
7	pigmentation	MP:0001186	10.22	BRAF EDNRB KIT KITLG MC1R PRKAR1A
8	craniofacial	MP:0005382	10.22	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG MC1R
9	normal	MP:0002873	10.21	BRAF EDN1 KIT PRKAR1A PTPN11 RAF1
10	embryo	MP:0005380	10.21	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG PRKAR1A
11	hearing/vestibular/ear	MP:0005377	10.2	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG MC1R
12	muscle	MP:0005369	10.19	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT PRKAR1A PTPN11
13	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	10.19	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG MLH1
14	limbs/digits/tail	MP:0005371	10.17	BRAF EDNRB KIT KITLG MC1R PRKAR1A
15	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	10.14	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT PRKAR1A STK11
16	immune system	MP:0005387	10.14	BRAF EDNRB KIT KITLG MLH1 MSH2
17	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.13	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG PRKAR1A
18	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	10.12	BRAF KIT KITLG PRKAR1A PTPN11 RAF1
19	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	10.08	KIT MC1R PTPN11 RAF1 STK11 TYR
20	skeleton	MP:0005390	10.02	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG PRKAR1A
21	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.97	BRAF EDNRB KIT MLH1 PRKAR1A PTPN11
22	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.91	BRAF EDNRB KIT KITLG PRKAR1A PTPN11
23	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	9.85	BRAF EDNRB KIT KITLG MLH1 MSH2
24	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.73	BRAF EDN1 EDNRB KIT KITLG MLH1
25	integument	MP:0010771	9.4	BRAF EDNRB KIT KITLG MC1R MLH1

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Lentigines

Drugs for Lentigines (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 39)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Aminolevulinic acid

Approved

Phase 4

106-60-5

137

Imiquimod

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

99011-02-6

57469

Glycolic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

79-14-1

757

Photosensitizing Agents

Phase 4

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Phase 4

interferons

Phase 4

Immunologic Factors

Phase 4

Keratolytic Agents

Phase 4

Fluocinolone acetonide

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 2

67-73-2

6215

Hydroquinone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

123-31-9

785

Isotretinoin

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 2

302-79-4, 4759-48-2

5538 444795 5282379

Cediranib

Investigational

Phase 2

288383-20-0

9933475

Maleic acid

Experimental, Investigational

Phase 2

110-16-7, 110-17-8

444266 444972

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Phase 2

R04929097

Phase 2

Clobetasol

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

25122-46-7, 25122-41-2

2791 5311051 32798

Framycetin

Approved, Experimental, Vet_approved

1404-04-2, 119-04-0, 3947-65-7

413349 8378

Petrolatum

Approved, Investigational

8009-03-8

Tazarotene

Approved, Investigational

118292-40-3

5381

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

137-58-6

3676

Prilocaine

Approved

721-50-6

4906

Tetracaine

Approved, Vet_approved

94-24-6

5411

Chlorhexidine

Approved, Vet_approved, Withdrawn

55-56-1

2713 9552079

Hormones

Hormone Antagonists

glucocorticoids

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Sunscreening Agents

Emollients

Mitogens

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Sodium Channel Blockers

Anesthetics, Local

Anesthetics

Diuretics, Potassium Sparing

Chlorhexidine gluconate

Dermatologic Agents

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 40)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma Precursor Lesion Lentigo Maligna Using 5-aminolevulinic Acid Nanoemulsion (BF-200 ALA) as a Light Sensitizing Cream	Completed	NCT02685592	Phase 4	5-aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion
2	Effect of Topical Imiquimod on Lentigo Maligna	Completed	NCT01161888	Phase 4	Imiquimod
3	Use of TCA 15% + 3% Glycolic Acid Chemical Peel for Improvement in Hand Lentigines	Not yet recruiting	NCT05471947	Phase 4	15% Trichloroacetic acid + 3% glycolic acid
4	An Open Monocentric Pilot Study to Investigate the Potential of Imiquimod 5% Cream to Detect Residual and to Prevent Recurrence of Lentigo Maligna After Surgical Excision	Unknown status	NCT01088737	Phase 2, Phase 3	Imiquimod
5	Relevance of Imiquimod as Neo-adjuvant Treatment to Reduce Excision Size and the Risk of Intralesional Excision in Lentigo Malignant of the Face	Completed	NCT01720407	Phase 3	Imiquimod cream + surgery;Placebo + surgery
6	A Randomised Controlled Multicentre Trial of Imiquimod Versus Radiotherapy for Lentigo Maligna (LM) When Staged Surgical Excision With 5mm Margins is Not Possible, is Refused, or Fails	Active, not recruiting	NCT02394132	Phase 3	Imiquimod
7	Prospective Study of Ingenol Mebutate for Non-invasive Lentigo Melanoma of the Face - Study PICAMEL	Unknown status	NCT02723721	Phase 2	Picato gel
8	Efficacy and Side Effects of Q-Switched Ruby Laser Treatment of Solar Lentigines in Two Different Fitzpatrick Skin Types II and IV	Completed	NCT00386204	Phase 2
9	Solar Lentigines Treatment With the Triple Combination Cream (Hydroquinone 4%, Tretinoin 0.05%, and Fluocinolone Acetonide 0.01%). Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Trial.	Completed	NCT00975312	Phase 2	Triple combination cream;Tretinoin 0.05%
10	A Phase II Study of AZD2171 in Previously Untreated Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Malignant Melanoma	Completed	NCT00243061	Phase 2	cediranib maleate
11	A Phase II Trial of SCH 727965 (NSC 747135) in Patients With Stage IV Melanoma	Active, not recruiting	NCT00937937	Phase 2	Dinaciclib
12	Phase II Study of RO4929097 (NSC-749225) in Advanced Melanoma	Terminated	NCT01120275	Phase 2	gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097
13	Evaluate the Lightening Effect of the Whitening Cosmetic Product BEX-2011 on Solar Lentigines by Harmonic Generation Microscopy	Unknown status	NCT01249469
14	Advanced Harmonic Generation Microscopy for Treatment Assessment of Cutaneous Pigmentary Disorder	Unknown status	NCT03578315
15	Clinical, Histological and Biochemical Characterization of Hyperpigmented Lesion.	Unknown status	NCT01136629
16	Safety and Efficacy of Cutera Picosecond Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser in the Treatment of Solar Lentigines	Completed	NCT01885871
17	A Single Center, Randomized, Double-blind and Placebo Controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Brightening Micro-needle Patch on Facial Solar Lentigines	Completed	NCT04583852
18	A Single-Center 2-Arm Study of the Enlighten and Excel V Laser for Lentigines on the Hands	Completed	NCT02763072
19	Study for the RevLite Laser System for Facial Solar Lentigines	Completed	NCT02110108
20	Effect of Topical Corticosteroids on the Incidence of Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation Following Q-switched Nd:YAG 532 nm Laser for Treatment of Facial Lentigines - A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT02492373		topical 0.05% Clobetasol propionate ointment
21	A Prospective Multi-Center Study of a Novel Dual-Wavelength, Dual-Pulse Duration Laser for the Treatment of Melasma and Lentigines in Asian Skin	Completed	NCT02385994
22	Safety and Efficacy of a Triple Combination Cream as Adjuvant Treatment of Solar Lentigines With Cryotherapy.	Completed	NCT01778179		Tri-luma
23	Comparative Study Investigating the Therapy of of Solar Lentigines With the Q-switched SINON Rubin 694nm Laser Versus Pigmanorm® Cream	Completed	NCT02153697		Pigmanorm Cream
24	A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Epidermal Growth Factor-containing Ointment on the Treatment of Solar Lentigines as Adjuvant Therapy	Completed	NCT04704245		epidermal growth factor (EGF)-containing ointment;Vehicle ointment
25	Prospective Clinical Trial to Assess the Performance of a Cyto-selective Cryotherapye "CRYOBEAUTY MAINS ET DECOLLETE" Compared With Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Solar Lentigines in 30 Patients	Completed	NCT03225729
26	Combination Therapy With Imiquimod Cream 5% and Tazarotene Cream 0.1% for the Treatment of Lentigo Maligna	Completed	NCT00707174		Imiquimod Cream;Tazarotene Cream 0.1%
27	Reflectance Confocal Microscopy to Diagnose Malignant Melanoma and Lentigo Maligna	Completed	NCT03508297
28	Efficacy and Tolerance of D-pigment Versus Moisturizer in Hands' Lentigo Lesions With or Without Laser Therapy	Completed	NCT03457246
29	In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Pigmented Lesion Diagnosis: A Multi-center Study	Completed	NCT00785369
30	Evaluation of the Tolerance of Cyto-selective Difluoroethane-based Cryotherapy	Completed	NCT05322668
31	Clinical Evaluation of the Performance of a Difluoroethane-based Cyto-selective Cryotherapy to Treat Dark Spots on the Hand in 30 Volunteers.	Completed	NCT03157427
32	Evaluation of the Tolerance and the Mode of Administration of Cyto-selective Difluoroethane-based Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Brown Spots	Completed	NCT05203263
33	Evaluation of the Tolerance and the Mode of Administration of Cyto-selective Difluoroethane-based Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Brown Spots	Completed	NCT05014321
34	Investigation Into the Natural History and Metabolic and Molecular Basis of RASopathies.	Recruiting	NCT04395495
35	The Effect of Topical Anesthetic Using Lidocaine 2.5%/Prilocaine 2.5% Versus Lidocaine 7%/Tetracaine 7% Cream on Patients' Pain and Operative Experience During Treatment With QSwitched 532nm Laser	Active, not recruiting	NCT02427724		lidocaine 2.5%/prilocaine 2.5% topical anesthetic;lidocaine 7%/tetracaine 7% topical anesthetic;placebo vehicle
36	Evaluation of the Tolerance and Performance of Cyto-selective Difluoroethane-based Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Brown Spots (Solar and Senile Lentigines, Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation)	Not yet recruiting	NCT05625815
37	MRB 0.3% Serum Effectiveness on 2 Early Clinical Markers of Photoinduced Cutaneous Aging: Actinic Lentigo and Actinic Keratosis A Single-center Clinical Study in Two Phases: First Phase: Randomized Double-blind Clinical Interventional Study Versus Placebo in Split Face or Split Skull Second Phase: Open-label Observational Clinical Study on the Entire Face or Skull	Not yet recruiting	NCT05152407
38	Evaluation of the Tolerance and Performance (Mode of Administration) of Cyto-selective Difluoroethane-based Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Brown Spots	Not yet recruiting	NCT05600049
39	Comparative Study of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Models Against Verified Dermatological Diagnostic Data	Suspended	NCT04688749
40	Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma In Situ Using Immunofluorescence	Withdrawn	NCT02306512

Search NIH Clinical Center for Lentigines

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Genetic Tests for Lentigines

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Anatomical Context for Lentigines

Organs/tissues related to Lentigines:

MalaCards : Skin, Pituitary, Heart, Cervix, Bone Marrow, Bone, Breast

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Publications for Lentigines

Articles related to Lentigines:

(show top 50) (show all 1077)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	A pedigree of generalized lentigo. ⁵⁷	PIPKIN AC...PIPKIN SB	15422118	1950
2	A novel PRKAR1A mutation associated with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease and the Carney complex. ⁵³ ⁶²	Peck MC...Katznelson L	19833579	2010
3	PTPN11 gene mutation and severe neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: what is the link? ⁵³ ⁶²	Faienza MF...Cavallo L	19582499	2009
4	Heterogeneity of skin manifestations in patients with Carney complex. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mateus C...Dupin N	18804312	2008
5	The RAS/MAPK syndromes: novel roles of the RAS pathway in human genetic disorders. ⁵³ ⁶²	Aoki Y...Matsubara Y	18470943	2008
6	Polymorphism patterns in the promoter region of the MC1R gene are associated with development of freckles and solar lentigines. ⁵³ ⁶²	Motokawa T...Katagiri T	18079748	2008
7	Effect of Val92Met and Arg163Gln variants of the MC1R gene on freckles and solar lentigines in Japanese. ⁵³ ⁶²	Motokawa T...Katagiri T	17371441	2007
8	PTPN11 gene mutations: linking the Gln510Glu mutation to the "LEOPARD syndrome phenotype". ⁵³ ⁶²	Digilio MC...Dallapiccola B	16733669	2006
9	Association between endothelin receptor B nonsynonymous variants and melanoma risk. ⁵³ ⁶²	Soufir N...Investigators of the Melan-Cohort	16145050	2005
10	A novel PTPN11 gene mutation bridges Noonan syndrome, multiple lentigines/LEOPARD syndrome and Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sarkozy A...Dallapiccola B	15470362	2004
11	Clinical and molecular genetics of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sandrini F...Stratakis C	15761532	2004
12	c-kit Mutation in generalized lentigines associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. ⁵³ ⁶²	Shibusawa Y...Ishikawa O	15118370	2004
13	Clinical and molecular genetics of Carney complex. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sandrini F...Stratakis C	12666684	2003
14	PTPN11 mutations in LEOPARD syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Legius E...Fryns JP	12161596	2002
15	The melanocortin-1-receptor gene is the major freckle gene. ⁵³ ⁶²	Bastiaens M...Bouwes Bavinck JN	11487574	2001
16	Genetics of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Carney complex and other familial lentiginoses. ⁵³ ⁶²	Stratakis CA	11595829	2000
17	Laser treatment of benign melanocytic lesion: a review. ⁶²	Araghi F...Dadkhahfar S	36097230	2022
18	Risk assessment of occupational skin cancer among outdoor workers in southern Spain: local pilot study. ⁶²	de Troya Martin M...Blazquez-Sanchez N	36424170	2022
19	Steroidogenic Factor-1 Lineage Origin of Skin Lesions in Carney Complex Syndrome. ⁶²	Sahut-Barnola I...Martinez A	35568059	2022
20	Clinical overview on RASopathies. ⁶²	Zenker M	36428239	2022
21	Prediction and association analyses of skin phenotypes in Japanese females using genetic, environmental, and physical features. ⁶²	Amano S...Yasuda C	36437544	2022
22	Intense Pulsed Light on skin rejuvenation: a systematic review. ⁶²	Sales AFS...Vassao PG	34609598	2022
23	Noonan Syndrome With Multiple Lentigines. ⁶²	Martinez-Molina M...Bielsa Marsol I	36273552	2022
24	Randomized, evaluator-blinded comparative study of a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) 532-nm picosecond laser and an alexandrite 755-nm picosecond laser for the treatment of solar lentigines in Asians. ⁶²	Vachiramon V...Jurairattanaporn N	35129875	2022
25	Eruptive lentigines confined to psoriatic plaques following biologic therapy. ⁶²	Khanna U...Halverstam C	35816253	2022
26	Treatment of facial pigmented disorders with a 785-nm picosecond Ti:sapphire laser in Asians: A report of three cases. ⁶²	Hong JK...Park KY	36214374	2022
27	Effects of Noonan Syndrome-Germline Mutations on Mitochondria and Energy Metabolism. ⁶²	Bajia D...Derwich K	36231062	2022
28	Evaluation and characterization of facial skin aging using optical coherence tomography. ⁶²	Vingan NR...Kenkel JM	36208115	2022
29	Trigeminal Nerve Melanotic Schwannoma in Carney Complex. ⁶²	Sharath KGG...Ravi MR	36177281	2022
30	Facial skin characteristics and concerns in Indonesia: A cross-sectional observational study. ⁶²	Du Y...Joshi MK	35785442	2022
31	S2k guideline: Laser therapy of the skin. ⁶²	Paasch U...Nast A	36098675	2022
32	HPV-29-associated multiple hyperpigmented plaques mimicking solar lentigines on the lower legs. ⁶²	Egawa G...Kabashima K	35429010	2022
33	Multimodality Imaging of LEOPARD Syndrome: Myocardial Hypertrophy With Diffuse Coronary Artery Dilation. ⁶²	Yang D...Lu M	36062059	2022
34	Epilepsy in a cohort of children with Noonan syndrome and related disorders. ⁶²	Davico C...Ferrero GB	35575813	2022
35	A comprehensive study to explore tyrosinase inhibitory medicinal plants and respective phytochemicals for hyperpigmentation; molecular approach and future perspectives. ⁶²	Insaf A...Ahmad S	36017830	2022
36	Cognitive Phenotype and Psychopathology in Noonan Syndrome Spectrum Disorders through Various Ras/MAPK Pathway Associated Gene Variants. ⁶²	Wingbermuhle E...Egger JIM	36012976	2022
37	Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia and Sunscreen Use: A Cross-sectional Study of Actinic Damage. ⁶²	Porrino-Bustamante ML...Arias-Santiago S	35604235	2022
38	Low-dose Dasatinib Ameliorates Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines. ⁶²	Yi JS...Bennett AM	33689087	2022
39	Actinic lentigines from Japanese and European volunteers share similar impaired biological functions. ⁶²	Warrick E...Bernerd F	35817661	2022
40	Laser therapy and light sources for labial lentigines in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. ⁶²	Medeiros YL...Mainenti P	35426222	2022
41	Impacts of skin disorders associated with facial discoloration on quality of life: Novel insights explaining discordance between life quality scores and willingness to pay. ⁶²	Yang TT...Lan CE	34706154	2022
42	Neurological features of Noonan syndrome and related RASopathies: Pain and nerve enlargement characterized by nerve ultrasound. ⁶²	De Ridder W...van Alfen N	35258168	2022
43	Risk of Skin Cancer with Phototherapy in Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: An Updated Systematic Review. ⁶²	Thatiparthi A...Wu JJ	35783563	2022
44	Efficacy and safety of topical hydrogen peroxide 35% solution versus cryotherapy in the treatment of senile lentigo. ⁶²	Tehranchinia Z...Robati RM	35723940	2022
45	Sporadic superficial angiomyxomas demonstrate loss of PRKAR1A expression. ⁶²	Hafeez F...Maleszewski JJ	34532875	2022
46	RASopathies: Dermatologists' viewpoints. ⁶²	Palit A...Inamadar AC	35138057	2022
47	The Role of Er-yag Glass Laser in Skin Resurfacing. ⁶²	Bertossi D...Chirumbolo S	34996116	2022
48	Targeting SHP2 phosphatase in hematological malignancies. ⁶²	Kanumuri R...Kapur R	35503226	2022
49	Natural history of left ventricular hypertrophy in infants of diabetic mothers. ⁶²	Monda E...Limongelli G	34968628	2022
50	[The clinical phenotype and gene analysis of syndromic deafness with PTPN11 gene mutation]. ⁶²	Gao Y...Ma J	35325944	2022

Sources

Genes for Lentigines

Genes related to Lentigines (0 elite genes):

(show all 14)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	PRKAR1A	Protein Kinase CAMP-Dependent Type I Regulatory Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	26.53	Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19833579 20358582 19169494
2	PTPN11	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11	Protein Coding	26.2	Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	19582499 15470362 16733669 (more) 18470943 12161596
3	CNC2	Carney Complex Type 2, Multiple Neoplasia And Lentiginosis	Genetic Locus	21.36	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15761532 11595829 12666684 (more) 18804312 10084605 16192737 17322955 11095480 11061550 15281351 20358582 12676898 19169494
4	RAF1	Raf-1 Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase	Protein Coding	15.5	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
5	BRAF	B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase	Protein Coding	15.21	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
6	MC1R	Melanocortin 1 Receptor	Protein Coding	13.66	Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11487574 18079748 17371441
7	STK11	Serine/Threonine Kinase 11	Protein Coding	12.79	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	11595829
8	TYR	Tyrosinase	Protein Coding	6.98	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	11286625
9	EDNRB	Endothelin Receptor Type B	Protein Coding	6.51	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16145050
10	KIT	KIT Proto-Oncogene, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase	Protein Coding	5.51	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15118370
11	KITLG	KIT Ligand	Protein Coding	4.88	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15016298 16940961
12	MSH2	MutS Homolog 2	Protein Coding	4.8	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	11409565
13	EDN1	Endothelin 1	Protein Coding	4.34	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15016298 15140230 16940961 (more) 11286625
14	MLH1	MutL Homolog 1	Protein Coding	3.47	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	11409565

Sources

Variations for Lentigines

Sources

Expression for Lentigines

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Lentigines.

Sources

Pathways for Lentigines

Pathways related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 29)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Disease ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Infectious disease ⁶⁶	13.58	RAF1 PTPN11 PRKAR1A MSH2 MLH1 KITLG
2	Signal Transduction ⁶⁶	13.37	STK11 RAF1 PTPN11 PRKAR1A MC1R KITLG
3	RAF/MAP kinase cascade ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers ⁶⁶ MAPK family signaling cascades ⁶⁶ MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling ⁶⁶	13.18	RAF1 PTPN11 PRKAR1A KITLG KIT BRAF
4	p70S6K Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways mTOR Pathway ⁶⁴ Renin-Angiotensin Pathway ⁶⁴	12.88	KIT KITLG PRKAR1A RAF1 STK11
5	Endometrial cancer ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Chromosomal and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer ⁷⁴ Melanoma ⁷⁴ Non-small cell lung cancer ⁷⁴ Pancreatic adenocarcinoma pathway ⁷⁴ Signal transduction PTEN pathway ²²	12.51	RAF1 MSH2 MLH1 KIT BRAF
6	Development Angiotensin activation of ERK ²² Show member pathways Cell adhesion Integrin inside-out signaling ²² Development ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK ²² Development Angiotensin signaling via PYK2 ²² Development EDNRB signaling ²² Development EPO-induced MAPK pathway ²² Development G-Proteins mediated regulation MARK-ERK signaling ²² Signal transduction IP3 signaling ²²	12.39	RAF1 KITLG KIT EDNRB EDN1 BRAF
7	Breast cancer pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Embryonic stem cell pluripotency pathways ⁷⁴	12.26	RAF1 PTPN11 KIT BRAF
8	G-protein signaling RAC1 in cellular process ²² Show member pathways CDC42 signaling events ⁶¹ Cytoskeleton remodeling CDC42 in cellular processes ²² RAC1 signaling pathway ⁶¹	12.23	RAF1 KITLG KIT BRAF
9	Apoptosis and survival BAD phosphorylation ²² Show member pathways BAD Phosphorylation ⁶⁴	12.01	RAF1 PTPN11 PRKAR1A
10	Colorectal Cancer Metastasis ⁶⁴	12	PRKAR1A MSH2 MLH1 BRAF
11	Integrated breast cancer pathway ⁷⁴	11.98	STK11 MSH2 BRAF
12	mTOR Signaling ⁶⁵	11.94	STK11 RAF1 BRAF
13	GDNF signaling ⁷⁴	11.91	RAF1 PTPN11 BRAF
14	MAP Kinase Signaling ³	11.83	RAF1 PTPN11 BRAF
15	Gastrin signaling pathway ⁷⁴	11.82	KIT PTPN11 RAF1
16	Fragile X syndrome ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Pilocytic astrocytoma ⁷⁴	11.77	BRAF PRKAR1A PTPN11 RAF1
17	Signaling by SCF-KIT ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Regulation of KIT signaling ⁶⁶ Signaling by KIT in disease ⁶⁶ Signaling by phosphorylated juxtamembrane, extracellular and kinase domain KIT mutants ⁶⁶	11.75	PTPN11 KITLG KIT
18	Development EPO-induced Jak-STAT pathway ²² Show member pathways EPO receptor signaling ⁷⁴ Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit) ⁶¹	11.69	RAF1 PTPN11 KITLG KIT
19	VEGF Pathway (Tocris) ⁷⁰ Show member pathways Sorafenib Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	11.61	BRAF KIT RAF1
20	G-protein signaling_RhoA regulation pathway ²²	11.55	RAF1 PRKAR1A KITLG BRAF
21	Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 ⁶¹	11.49	RAF1 PTPN11 BRAF
22	Endothelins ⁶¹	11.14	RAF1 EDNRB EDN1
23	Endothelin pathways ⁷⁴	11.1	RAF1 EDNRB EDN1
24	Development_Leptin signaling via JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades ²² Show member pathways phospho-PLA2 pathway ⁶⁶	11.06	RAF1 PTPN11 EDN1
25	Signaling by MRAS-complex mutants ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Gain-of-function MRAS complexes activate RAF signaling ⁶⁶ SHOC2 M1731 mutant abolishes MRAS complex function ⁶⁶	11.02	RAF1 BRAF
26	Regucalcin in proximal tubule epithelial kidney cells ⁷⁴	10.97	RAF1 BRAF
27	MAPK pathway in congenital thyroid cancer ⁷⁴	10.61	RAF1 BRAF
28	Melanocyte Development and Pigmentation ⁶⁴	10.54	PRKAR1A MC1R KITLG KIT
29	Regorafenib Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.03	RAF1 KIT BRAF

Sources

GO Terms for Lentigines

Cellular components related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mismatch repair complex	GO:0032300	8.8	MSH2 MLH1

Biological processes related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 30)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.36	BRAF EDNRB KIT KITLG MC1R PTPN11
2	intracellular signal transduction	GO:0035556	10.15	EDN1 EDNRB KIT MC1R PRKAR1A
3	positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	GO:0043406	10.1	KITLG KIT EDN1
4	somatic stem cell population maintenance	GO:0035019	9.99	RAF1 KIT BRAF
5	sensory perception of pain	GO:0019233	9.97	EDN1 EDNRB MC1R
6	phosphorylation	GO:0016310	9.96	STK11 RAF1 PRKAR1A KIT BRAF
7	neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway	GO:0048011	9.95	RAF1 PTPN11
8	thymus development	GO:0048538	9.95	TYR RAF1 BRAF
9	melanin biosynthetic process	GO:0042438	9.94	TYR MC1R
10	positive regulation of renal sodium excretion	GO:0035815	9.94	EDNRB EDN1
11	positive regulation of urine volume	GO:0035810	9.93	EDNRB EDN1
12	renal sodium ion absorption	GO:0070294	9.91	EDNRB EDN1
13	positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes	GO:0048304	9.9	MSH2 MLH1
14	endothelin receptor signaling pathway	GO:0086100	9.89	EDNRB EDN1
15	negative regulation of protein metabolic process	GO:0051248	9.88	EDNRB EDN1
16	positive regulation of hormone secretion	GO:0046887	9.87	PTPN11 EDN1
17	epithelial fluid transport	GO:0042045	9.84	EDNRB EDN1
18	myeloid progenitor cell differentiation	GO:0002318	9.83	KIT BRAF
19	developmental pigmentation	GO:0048066	9.8	KIT EDNRB
20	positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes	GO:0048298	9.76	MSH2 MLH1
21	negative regulation of hormone secretion	GO:0046888	9.75	PTPN11 EDN1
22	vein smooth muscle contraction	GO:0014826	9.73	EDN1 EDNRB
23	mast cell proliferation	GO:0070662	9.67	KIT KITLG
24	thyroid gland development	GO:0030878	9.63	RAF1 EDN1 BRAF
25	positive regulation of mast cell proliferation	GO:0070668	9.62	KIT KITLG
26	regulation of biological quality	GO:0065008	9.61	EDNRB EDN1
27	somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments	GO:0016447	9.58	MLH1 MSH2
28	melanocyte migration	GO:0097324	9.56	KITLG KIT
29	pigmentation	GO:0043473	9.17	TYR MC1R KIT EDNRB
30	somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response	GO:0002204	9.13	MSH2 MLH1

Molecular functions related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	kinase activity	GO:0016301	9.55	STK11 RAF1 PRKAR1A KIT BRAF
2	nucleotide binding	GO:0000166	9.5	STK11 RAF1 PRKAR1A MSH2 MLH1 KIT
3	mismatched DNA binding	GO:0030983	9.43	MSH2 MLH1
4	guanine/thymine mispair binding	GO:0032137	8.92	MSH2 MLH1