Lentigines disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: LNT004 MIFTS: 50	Lentigines Categories: Skin diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Lentigines

MalaCards integrated aliases for Lentigines:

Name: Lentigines ⁵⁶ ⁵⁴

Lentigo ⁷¹

Characteristics:

OMIM:

⁵⁶

Inheritance:
autosomal dominant

HPO:

³¹

lentigines:
Inheritance autosomal dominant inheritance

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Skin diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

OMIM ⁵⁶ 150900

MedGen ⁴¹ C0023321

SNOMED-CT via HPO ⁶⁸ 199879009 263681008 563001 more

UMLS ⁷¹ C0023321

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Summaries for Lentigines

MalaCards based summary : Lentigines, also known as lentigo, is related to acral lentiginous melanoma and noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. An important gene associated with Lentigines is PTPN11 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signaling by GPCR and ERK Signaling. The drugs Aminolevulinic acid and Vitamin A have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, lymph node and heart, and related phenotypes are nystagmus and abnormality of the skin

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ A lentigo (/lɛnˈtaɪɡoʊ/) (plural lentigines, /lɛnˈtɪdʒɪniːz/) is a small pigmented spot on the skin with... more...

More information from OMIM: 150900

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Related Diseases for Lentigines

Diseases related to Lentigines via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 287)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	acral lentiginous melanoma	34.5	MLANA KIT BRAF
2	noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines	34.4	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
3	leopard syndrome 2	33.7	RAF1 PTPN11
4	noonan syndrome 1	32.0	TYR RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
5	melanocytic nevus syndrome, congenital	31.7	TYR STK11 PRKAR1A MC1R CNC2
6	carney complex variant	31.5	STK11 PRKAR1A POMC MLANA MEN1 CNC2
7	hypertelorism	30.8	RAF1 PTPN11 FGFR2 BRAF
8	pulmonary valve stenosis	30.7	PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1
9	lentigo maligna melanoma	30.6	MLANA MITF MC1R
10	mucosal melanoma	30.6	MITF KIT BRAF
11	pigmented basal cell carcinoma	30.4	MLANA MITF
12	actinic keratosis	30.2	TYR MITF MC1R
13	neurofibromatosis-noonan syndrome	30.2	PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1
14	dowling-degos disease 1	30.1	TYR STK11 POMC MITF KIT
15	skin melanoma	30.1	TYR MLANA MITF MC1R KIT BRAF
16	neurofibromatosis, type i	30.1	PTPN11 MEN1 KIT
17	peutz-jeghers syndrome	30.0	STK11 PRKAR1A CNC2
18	adenoma	30.0	PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 BRAF
19	clear cell sarcoma	30.0	MLANA MITF KIT
20	skin carcinoma	30.0	TYR POMC MLANA MC1R
21	halo nevi	30.0	TYR MLANA
22	melanoacanthoma	30.0	TYR MLANA
23	mastocytosis	29.9	PTPN11 MITF KIT
24	gastrointestinal stromal tumor	29.9	RAF1 MEN1 KIT BRAF
25	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	29.8	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
26	growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma	29.8	PRKAR1A POMC MEN1
27	nodular malignant melanoma	29.8	TYR MLANA MITF MC1R KIT BRAF
28	pulmonic stenosis	29.8	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
29	rasopathy	29.8	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
30	neurofibroma	29.7	TYR MLANA MITF KIT
31	multiple endocrine neoplasia	29.6	PRKAR1A MEN1 CNC2
32	vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility 1	29.5	TYR POMC MLANA MITF MC1R
33	skin disease	29.4	TYR MITF MC1R FGFR2 FGF7
34	acromegaly	29.4	PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 CNC2
35	amelanotic melanoma	29.3	TYR MLANA MITF KIT BRAF
36	melanoma	29.3	TYR STK11 RAF1 MLANA MITF MC1R
37	primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease	29.2	PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 CNC2
38	conn's syndrome	29.1	PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 CNC2
39	microphthalmia	28.7	TYR POMC MLANA MITF MC1R KIT
40	waardenburg's syndrome	28.5	TYR POMC MITF KIT EDNRB
41	neurilemmoma	28.5	TYR PRKAR1A MLANA MITF KIT CNC2
42	melanoma, cutaneous malignant 1	28.0	TYR STK11 RAF1 MLANA MITF MC1R
43	leopard syndrome 1	12.2
44	gastrocutaneous syndrome	12.1
45	leopard syndrome 3	12.0
46	lentiginosis, inherited patterned	11.6
47	phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica	11.5
48	phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica	11.5
49	dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria 1	11.5
50	uv-sensitive syndrome	11.3

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Lentigines:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Lentigines

Human phenotypes related to Lentigines:

³¹

#	Description	HPO Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	nystagmus ³¹		HP:0000639
2	abnormality of the skin ³¹		HP:0000951

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

⁵⁶

Eyes:
nystagmus

Skin:
lentigines

Clinical features from OMIM:

150900

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁶ (show all 17)

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Decreased viability	GR00055-A-1	9.55	BRAF
2	Decreased viability	GR00055-A-2	9.55	BRAF
3	Decreased viability	GR00221-A-1	9.55	KIT RAF1
4	Decreased viability	GR00221-A-2	9.55	RAF1
5	Decreased viability	GR00221-A-4	9.55	BRAF
6	Decreased viability	GR00249-S	9.55	BRAF FGFR2
7	Decreased viability	GR00301-A	9.55	BRAF FGFR2 KIT RAF1
8	Decreased viability	GR00342-S-1	9.55	FGFR2
9	Decreased viability	GR00342-S-2	9.55	FGFR2
10	Decreased viability	GR00342-S-3	9.55	FGFR2
11	Decreased viability	GR00381-A-1	9.55	BRAF
12	Decreased viability	GR00402-S-2	9.55	RAF1
13	Decreased substrate adherent cell growth	GR00193-A-1	9.5	STK11
14	Decreased substrate adherent cell growth	GR00193-A-2	9.5	FGFR2
15	Decreased substrate adherent cell growth	GR00193-A-3	9.5	BRAF FGFR2 MAP2K2 STK11
16	Decreased substrate adherent cell growth	GR00193-A-4	9.5	BRAF
17	Decreased human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain AD169 replication	GR00248-A	9.46	BRAF FGFR2 MAP2K2 RAF1

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Lentigines:

⁴⁵ (show all 28)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.52	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1
2	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.5	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MAP2K2
3	cellular	MP:0005384	10.5	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MAP2K2
4	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.48	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MAP2K2
5	craniofacial	MP:0005382	10.46	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MAP2K2
6	integument	MP:0010771	10.45	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1
7	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.44	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MAP2K2
8	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.44	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1
9	embryo	MP:0005380	10.42	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MEN1
10	immune system	MP:0005387	10.4	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MC1R
11	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.39	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MC1R
12	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	10.39	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MAP2K2
13	hearing/vestibular/ear	MP:0005377	10.32	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MAP2K2
14	neoplasm	MP:0002006	10.32	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MAP2K2
15	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	10.31	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MAP2K2
16	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.27	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1
17	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	10.22	BRAF FGFR2 KIT MEN1 MITF POMC
18	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	10.18	BRAF FGFR2 MAP2K2 POMC PRKAR1A PTPN11
19	normal	MP:0002873	10.18	BRAF FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MAP2K2 MITF
20	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	10.17	FGFR2 KIT MC1R MITF MLANA POMC
21	muscle	MP:0005369	10.15	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MEN1 PRKAR1A
22	limbs/digits/tail	MP:0005371	10.14	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MC1R MITF
23	pigmentation	MP:0001186	10.11	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT MC1R MITF
24	reproductive system	MP:0005389	10	BRAF FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1 MEN1
25	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.97	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MITF
26	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.77	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1
27	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.76	BRAF EDNRB FGFR2 KIT PRKAR1A PTPN11
28	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.44	BRAF EDNRB FGF7 FGFR2 KIT MAP2K1

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Lentigines

Drugs for Lentigines (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 49)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Aminolevulinic acid

Approved

Phase 4

106-60-5

137

Vitamin A

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

22737-96-8, 68-26-8, 11103-57-4

9904001 445354

Dermatologic Agents

Phase 4

Photosensitizing Agents

Phase 4

Retinol palmitate

Phase 4

retinol

Phase 4

Arnica

Phase 4

Methyl 5-aminolevulinate

Phase 4

Imiquimod

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

99011-02-6

57469

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Phase 2, Phase 3

interferons

Phase 2, Phase 3

Immunologic Factors

Phase 2, Phase 3

Fluocinolone Acetonide

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 2

67-73-2

6215

Hydroquinone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

123-31-9

785

Vitamin C

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 2

50-81-7

5785 54670067

Tretinoin

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 2

302-79-4

444795 5538

Cediranib

Investigational

Phase 2

288383-20-0

9933475

Maleic acid

Experimental, Investigational

Phase 2

110-17-8, 110-16-7

444972

Vitamins

Phase 2

Keratolytic Agents

Phase 2

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Phase 2

Ganciclovir

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1

82410-32-0

3454

Antiviral Agents

Phase 1

Ganciclovir triphosphate

Phase 1

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 1

Neomycin

Approved, Vet_approved

1404-04-2

8378

Clobetasol

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

25122-41-2, 25122-46-7

32798 5311051

Tazarotene

Approved, Investigational

118292-40-3

5381

Ethanol

Approved

64-17-5

702

Glycolic acid

Approved, Investigational

79-14-1

757

Desonide

Approved, Investigational

638-94-8

5311066

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

137-58-6

3676

Prilocaine

Approved

721-50-6

4906

Tetracaine

Approved, Vet_approved

94-24-6

5411

Chlorhexidine

Approved, Vet_approved

55-56-1

9552079 2713

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Hormone Antagonists

Hormones

glucocorticoids

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Sodium Channel Blockers

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Anesthetics

Anesthetics, Local

Diuretics, Potassium Sparing

Chlorhexidine gluconate

Hemostatics

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 48)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	The Comparison of Picosecond 532 and 1,064 Nanometers Laser and Q-switched Nd:YAG 532 and 1,064 Nanometers Laser in the Treatment of Benign Pigmented Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT02800525	Phase 4
2	Effect of Topical Imiquimod on Lentigo Maligna	Completed	NCT01161888	Phase 4	Imiquimod
3	Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma Precursor Lesion Lentigo Maligna Using 5-aminolevulinic Acid Nanoemulsion (BF-200 ALA) as a Light Sensitizing Cream	Completed	NCT02685592	Phase 4	5-aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion
4	Randomized, Double-Blind, Contralateral, Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy of DerMend Moisturizing Bruise Formula in Improving the Appearance of Chronically Aged Mature Skin of the Forearms and Hands	Completed	NCT01910831	Phase 4	DerMend Moisturizing Bruise Formula;Non-active placebo control
5	Treatment of Photodamaged Skin of the décolleté With Fractional Laser, Radio-frequency Microneedling, and Photodynamic Therapy	Recruiting	NCT03573076	Phase 4
6	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Methyl Aminolevulinate + Aktilite in Patients With Facial Photodamage	Completed	NCT00629317	Phase 3	Methyl Aminolevulinate
7	Clinical Study for the Evaluation of the Depigmenting Activity of a Cosmetic Product on Spotted Hand Skin	Completed	NCT02204436	Phase 3
8	A Randomised Controlled Multicentre Trial of Imiquimod Versus Radiotherapy for Lentigo Maligna (LM) When Staged Surgical Excision With 5mm Margins is Not Possible, is Refused, or Fails	Recruiting	NCT02394132	Phase 3	Imiquimod
9	An Open Monocentric Pilot Study to Investigate the Potential of Imiquimod 5% Cream to Detect Residual and to Prevent Recurrence of Lentigo Maligna After Surgical Excision	Active, not recruiting	NCT01088737	Phase 2, Phase 3	Imiquimod
10	Relevance of Imiquimod as Neo-adjuvant Treatment to Reduce Excision Size and the Risk of Intralesional Excision in Lentigo Malignant of the Face	Active, not recruiting	NCT01720407	Phase 3	Imiquimod cream + surgery;Placebo + surgery
11	Phase 2 Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a Single 70% Glycolic Acid Peel With Vitamin C for the Treatment of Photoaging	Unknown status	NCT02126644	Phase 2	70% glycolic acid
12	Solar Lentigines Treatment With the Triple Combination Cream (Hydroquinone 4%, Tretinoin 0.05%, and Fluocinolone Acetonide 0.01%). Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Trial.	Completed	NCT00975312	Phase 2	Triple combination cream;Tretinoin 0.05%
13	Efficacy and Side Effects of Q-Switched Ruby Laser Treatment of Solar Lentigines in Two Different Fitzpatrick Skin Types II and IV	Completed	NCT00386204	Phase 2
14	A Phase II Study of AZD2171 in Previously Untreated Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Malignant Melanoma	Completed	NCT00243061	Phase 2	cediranib maleate
15	Prospective Study of Ingenol Mebutate for Non-invasive Lentigo Melanoma of the Face - Study PICAMEL	Recruiting	NCT02723721	Phase 2	Picato gel
16	A Phase II Trial of SCH 727965 (NSC 747135) in Patients With Stage IV Melanoma	Active, not recruiting	NCT00937937	Phase 2	Dinaciclib
17	Phase II Study of RO4929097 (NSC-749225) in Advanced Melanoma	Terminated	NCT01120275	Phase 2	gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097
18	A Phase I Study of Intralesional Administration of an Adenovirus Vector Expressing the HSV-1 Thymidine Kinase Gene (AdV.RSV-TK) in Combination With Escalating Doses of Ganciclovir in Patients With Cutaneous Metastatic Malignant Melanoma	Completed	NCT00005057	Phase 1	ganciclovir
19	Clinical, Histological and Biochemical Characterization of Hyperpigmented Lesion.	Unknown status	NCT01136629
20	Evaluate the Lightening Effect of the Whitening Cosmetic Product BEX-2011 on Solar Lentigines by Harmonic Generation Microscopy	Unknown status	NCT01249469
21	A Single-Center Open-Label Study of 1064 nm Nd:YAG for Nonablative Skin Rejuvenation	Unknown status	NCT03421691
22	Open-label, Prospective, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Cutera Excel V™ Laser and a Micro-Lens Array Attachment	Unknown status	NCT03424148
23	The Role of Dermoscopy in Diagnosis of Pigmentary Skin Lesions	Unknown status	NCT03542539
24	Study for the RevLite Laser System for Facial Solar Lentigines	Completed	NCT02110108
25	A Single-Center 2-Arm Study of the Enlighten and Excel V Laser for Lentigines on the Hands	Completed	NCT02763072
26	Clinical Evaluation of the Performance of a Difluoroethane-based Cyto-selective Cryotherapy to Treat Dark Spots on the Hand in 30 Volunteers.	Completed	NCT03157427
27	Comparative Study Investigating the Therapy of of Solar Lentigines With the Q-switched SINON Rubin 694nm Laser Versus Pigmanorm® Cream	Completed	NCT02153697		Pigmanorm Cream
28	A Prospective Multi-Center Study of a Novel Dual-Wavelength, Dual-Pulse Duration Laser for the Treatment of Melasma and Lentigines in Asian Skin	Completed	NCT02385994
29	Safety and Efficacy of a Triple Combination Cream as Adjuvant Treatment of Solar Lentigines With Cryotherapy.	Completed	NCT01778179		Tri-luma
30	Safety and Efficacy of Cutera Picosecond Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser in the Treatment of Solar Lentigines	Completed	NCT01885871
31	Prospective Clinical Trial to Assess the Performance of a Cyto-selective Cryotherapye "CRYOBEAUTY MAINS ET DECOLLETE" Compared With Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Solar Lentigines in 30 Patients	Completed	NCT03225729
32	Effect of Topical Corticosteroids on the Incidence of Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation Following Q-switched Nd:YAG 532 nm Laser for Treatment of Facial Lentigines - A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT02492373		topical 0.05% Clobetasol propionate ointment
33	Efficacy and Tolerance of D-pigment Versus Moisturizer in Hands' Lentigo Lesions With or Without Laser Therapy	Completed	NCT03457246
34	Combination Therapy With Imiquimod Cream 5% and Tazarotene Cream 0.1% for the Treatment of Lentigo Maligna	Completed	NCT00707174		Imiquimod Cream;Tazarotene Cream 0.1%
35	In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Pigmented Lesion Diagnosis: A Multi-center Study	Completed	NCT00785369
36	Nanocytology Evaluation of Epidermal Cells to Assess Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Field Cancerization in High Risk Patients	Completed	NCT01905891
37	Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost Efficacy of Water (H2O) as a Substitute for Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Plus Solution in Neutralization of Chemical Peeling Using 35% Glycolic Acid Solution	Completed	NCT04154436
38	Definition of the Genotype and Clinical Phenotype of Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease (PPNAD), Carney Complex, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Related Conditions	Completed	NCT00001452
39	Clinical and Histological Analysis of Photoaging Treatment With Imiquimod Cream 5%	Completed	NCT01935310		Imiquimod
40	Advanced Harmonic Generation Microscopy for Treatment Assessment of Cutaneous Pigmentary Disorder	Recruiting	NCT03578315
41	Reflectance Confocal Microscopy to Diagnose Malignant Melanoma and Lentigo Maligna	Recruiting	NCT03508297
42	Melanoma Family Case-Control Study Protocol	Recruiting	NCT00445783
43	Investigation Into the Natural History and Metabolic and Molecular Basis of RASopathies.	Recruiting	NCT04395495
44	Studies of Familial Melanoma	Recruiting	NCT00450593
45	The Effect of Topical Anesthetic Using Lidocaine 2.5%/Prilocaine 2.5% Versus Lidocaine 7%/Tetracaine 7% Cream on Patients' Pain and Operative Experience During Treatment With QSwitched 532nm Laser	Active, not recruiting	NCT02427724		lidocaine 2.5%/prilocaine 2.5% topical anesthetic;lidocaine 7%/tetracaine 7% topical anesthetic;placebo vehicle
46	A Safety and Effectiveness Study of Intratumoral Diffusing Alpha Radiation Emitters for the Treatment of Malignant Cutaneous Tumors	Not yet recruiting	NCT04068155
47	Open Label, Prospective, Single-Center Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Multiple Passes on Port Wine Stain Treatments With the Cutera Excel V™ Laser.	Suspended	NCT04103164
48	Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma In Situ Using Immunofluorescence	Withdrawn	NCT02306512

Search NIH Clinical Center for Lentigines

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Genetic Tests for Lentigines

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Anatomical Context for Lentigines

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Lentigines:

⁴⁰

Skin, Lymph Node, Heart, Bone, Breast, Colon, Cervix

Sources

Publications for Lentigines

Articles related to Lentigines:

(show top 50) (show all 2389)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	A pedigree of generalized lentigo. ⁵⁶ ⁶¹	PIPKIN AC...PIPKIN SB	15422118	1950
2	A novel PRKAR1A mutation associated with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease and the Carney complex. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Peck MC...Katznelson L	19833579	2010
3	PTPN11 gene mutation and severe neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: what is the link? ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Faienza MF...Cavallo L	19582499	2009
4	Heterogeneity of skin manifestations in patients with Carney complex. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Mateus C...Dupin N	18804312	2008
5	The RAS/MAPK syndromes: novel roles of the RAS pathway in human genetic disorders. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Aoki Y...Matsubara Y	18470943	2008
6	Polymorphism patterns in the promoter region of the MC1R gene are associated with development of freckles and solar lentigines. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Motokawa T...Katagiri T	18079748	2008
7	Effect of Val92Met and Arg163Gln variants of the MC1R gene on freckles and solar lentigines in Japanese. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Motokawa T...Katagiri T	17371441	2007
8	PTPN11 gene mutations: linking the Gln510Glu mutation to the "LEOPARD syndrome phenotype". ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Digilio MC...Dallapiccola B	16733669	2006
9	Association between endothelin receptor B nonsynonymous variants and melanoma risk. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Soufir N...Investigators of the Melan-Cohort	16145050	2005
10	A novel PTPN11 gene mutation bridges Noonan syndrome, multiple lentigines/LEOPARD syndrome and Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Sarkozy A...Dallapiccola B	15470362	2004
11	Clinical and molecular genetics of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Sandrini F...Stratakis C	15761532	2004
12	c-kit Mutation in generalized lentigines associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Shibusawa Y...Ishikawa O	15118370	2004
13	Clinical and molecular genetics of Carney complex. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Sandrini F...Stratakis C	12666684	2003
14	PTPN11 mutations in LEOPARD syndrome. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Legius E...Fryns JP	12161596	2002
15	The melanocortin-1-receptor gene is the major freckle gene. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Bastiaens M...Bouwes Bavinck JN	11487574	2001
16	Genetics of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Carney complex and other familial lentiginoses. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Stratakis CA	11595829	2000
17	Overlapping phenotypes between SHORT and Noonan syndromes in patients with PTPN11 pathogenic variants. ⁶¹	Ranza E...Amiel J	32233106	2020
18	Germline and sporadic cancers driven by the RAS pathway: parallels and contrasts. ⁶¹	Dunnett-Kane V...Lindsay CR	32240795	2020
19	Dermoscopic predictors to discriminate between in situ and early invasive lentigo maligna melanoma: A retrospective observational study. ⁶¹	Peruilh-Bagolini L...Lallas A	32199898	2020
20	Atypical cardiac defects in patients with RASopathies: Updated data on CARNET study. ⁶¹	Calcagni G...Versacci P	32558384	2020
21	Change of the diagnostic distribution in applicants to dermatology after COVID-19 pandemic: What it whispers to us? ⁶¹	Turan C...Kotan OS	32530503	2020
22	Melanoma in Noonan Syndrome With Multiple Lentigines (Leopard Syndrome): A New Case. ⁶¹	Fernando Garcia-Gil M...Ara-Martin M	32531240	2020
23	Generalized lentigines associated with familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors dramatically improved by imatinib treatment. ⁶¹	Hasegawa M...Tamura A	32220019	2020
24	Investigating the reason for loss-of-function of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) caused by Y279C mutation through molecular dynamics simulation. ⁶¹	Liu WS...Wang RL	31258001	2020
25	Lentigo Maligna Melanoma In-Situ with Neurotropism. ⁶¹	Occidental M...Jour G	32557727	2020
26	Clinical, environmental, and histological distribution of BRAF, NRAS and TERT promoter mutations among cutaneous melanoma patients. A retrospective study of 563 patients. ⁶¹	Manrique-Silva E...Nagore E	32506424	2020
27	Reflectance confocal microscopy. Part II. Diagnostic criteria of common benign and malignant neoplasms, dermoscopic and histopathological correlates of key confocal criteria, and diagnostic algorithms. ⁶¹	Shahriari N...Scope A	32565210	2020
28	Junctional Melanocytic Hyperplasia Overlying Benign Fibrous Papule: An Under-recognized Variant of a Common Lesion. ⁶¹	Krauland K...Patel AB	32496596	2020
29	Cutaneous Head and Neck Melanoma: Changes in Clinical and Histologic Features From 1995 to 2015 in a Tertiary Hospital in Madrid, Spain. ⁶¹	Hernandez Aragues I...Suarez Fernandez R	32540035	2020
30	Successful Treatment of Pigmentary Disorders in Asians With a Novel 730-nm Picosecond Laser. ⁶¹	Lee SJ...Seo SJ	32410249	2020
31	Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Pigmented Bowen's Disease: A Case Series of Difficult to Diagnose Lesions. ⁶¹	Mazzilli S...Gonzalez S	32518541	2020
32	[Voriconazole-induced lentigines on photo-exposed skin: A little-known complication]. ⁶¹	Marcaillou M...Mazereeuw-Hautier J	32414507	2020
33	Cryopeeling versus trichloroacetic acid peeling in the treatment of solar lentigines: Effect on epidermal Langerhans cells. ⁶¹	Abd Elazim NE...Awad SM	32118343	2020
34	Development and external validation study of a melanoma risk prediction model incorporating clinically assessed naevi and solar lentigines. ⁶¹	Vuong K...Cust AE	31378928	2020
35	A cross-sectional analysis of skin cancer risk in patients receiving narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy: an evaluation of 100 patients. ⁶¹	Karaosmanoglu N...Eksioglu M	31729594	2020
36	In Vitro Methods to Simulate Pollution and Photo-Pollution Exposure in Human Skin Epidermis. ⁶¹	Misra N...Marrot L	32447580	2020
37	[Noonan syndrome: genetic and clinical update and treatment options]. ⁶¹	Carcavilla A...Lopez-Siguero JP	32493603	2020
38	Superficial dermal melanocytosis of the elderly: An exceptional occurrence? ⁶¹	Saggini A...Kutzner H	32388873	2020
39	Anti-melanogenic activity of salacinol by inhibition of tyrosinase oligosaccharide processing. ⁶¹	Homma T...Nagata K	31883005	2020
40	The anatomic distribution of cutaneous melanoma: A detailed study of 5141 lesions. ⁶¹	Wee E...Pan Y	31880825	2020
41	Epidermal keratin 5 expression and distribution is under dermal influence. ⁶¹	Cario M...Taieb A	31692218	2020
42	Lentigo maligna in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum, variant type: A case report with dermoscopic findings and review of the literature. ⁶¹	Bang E...Mun JH	32379927	2020
43	Staged Excision With Micrographic Monitoring of Margins in Lentigo Maligna. ⁶¹	Moro R...Nagore E	32471553	2020
44	A case of recurrent lentigo maligna diagnosed with precise reflectance confocal microscopy-guided biopsy technique. ⁶¹	Robinson M...Salkeld A	32382627	2020
45	Should topical imiquimod be used for positive margins in lentigo maligna? ⁶¹	Wang TS...Roman EM	32387661	2020
46	Benefits of Teledermatology for Geriatric Patients: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. ⁶¹	G Bianchi M...Cordioli E	32314966	2020
47	Pigmented spots on the lacrimal caruncle: a key to the diagnosis of Carney complex in a child with multiple lentigines. ⁶¹	Lenormand C...Lipsker D	32301134	2020
48	The clinical and electron microscopic evaluation of the impact of pulsed dye laser techniques on solar lentigines (randomized clinical trial). ⁶¹	Abd El-Naby N...Sarhan N	32281430	2020
49	Lentigo maligna: diagnosis and treatment. ⁶¹	De Luca EV...Peris K	29683288	2020
50	Clinicopathologic diversity and outcome of longitudinal melanonychia in children and adolescents: Analysis of 35 cases identified by excision specimens. ⁶¹	Ren J...Kong JC	32314423	2020

Sources

Genes for Lentigines

Genes related to Lentigines (0 elite genes):

(show all 20)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	PTPN11	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11	Protein Coding	35.81	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)	19582499 15470362 16733669 (more) 18470943 12161596
2	BRAF	B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase	Protein Coding	24.97	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
3	RAF1	Raf-1 Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase	Protein Coding	24.83	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
4	PRKAR1A	Protein Kinase CAMP-Dependent Type I Regulatory Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	15.82	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19833579
5	MC1R	Melanocortin 1 Receptor	Protein Coding	12.84	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11487574 18079748 17371441
6	KIT	KIT Proto-Oncogene, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase	Protein Coding	12.34	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15118370
7	CNC2	Carney Complex Type 2, Multiple Neoplasia And Lentiginosis	Genetic Locus	10.15	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	15761532 11595829 12666684 (more) 18804312
8	MAP2K2	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 2	Protein Coding	6.91	GeneCards inferred via : Variants (show sections)
9	SASH1	SAM And SH3 Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	6.69	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	EDNRB	Endothelin Receptor Type B	Protein Coding	6.51	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	16145050
11	FGF7	Fibroblast Growth Factor 7	Protein Coding	6.49	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	MITF	Melanocyte Inducing Transcription Factor	Protein Coding	6.49	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	FGFR2	Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2	Protein Coding	6.14	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	MAP2K1	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1	Protein Coding	6.14	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	MEN1	Menin 1	Protein Coding	6.14	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	MLANA	Melan-A	Protein Coding	6.14	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	6.14	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
18	PTPN7	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 7	Protein Coding	6.14	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
19	TYR	Tyrosinase	Protein Coding	6.14	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
20	STK11	Serine/Threonine Kinase 11	Protein Coding	5.65	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	11595829

Sources

Variations for Lentigines

Sources

Expression for Lentigines

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Lentigines.

Sources

Pathways for Lentigines

Pathways related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 126)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Signaling by GPCR ⁶⁵ Show member pathways GPCR downstream signaling ⁶⁵ Signal Transduction ⁶⁵	14.26	STK11 RAF1 PTPN11 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1
2	ERK Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶³ MAPK Signaling ⁶³ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶³ Rho Family GTPases ⁶³	13.92	STK11 RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT
3	HIV Life Cycle ⁶⁵ Show member pathways 2-LTR circle formation ⁶⁵ APOBEC3G mediated resistance to HIV-1 infection ⁶⁵ Assembly Of The HIV Virion ⁶⁵ Binding and entry of HIV virion ⁶⁵ Disease ⁶⁵ Diseases of signal transduction ⁶⁵ Early Phase of HIV Life Cycle ⁶⁵ HIV Infection ⁶⁵ Host Interactions of HIV factors ⁶⁵ Infectious disease ⁶⁵ Integration of provirus ⁶⁵ Late Phase of HIV Life Cycle ⁶⁵	13.81	RAF1 PTPN11 POMC MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT
4	Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA ⁶³ Show member pathways Activation of PKA through GPCR ⁶³ cAMP Pathway ⁶³ PKA Signaling ⁶³	13.65	RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
5	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶³ JNK Pathway ⁶³ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶³ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶³ SOCS Pathway ⁶³	13.63	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
6	Developmental Biology ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Axon guidance ⁶⁵	13.59	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
7	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁵	13.42	RAF1 PTPN11 POMC MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT
8	CREB Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways Activation of PKC through GPCR ⁶³ Intracellular Calcium Signaling ⁶³ IP3 Pathway ⁶³	13.41	RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
9	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency ⁶³ Show member pathways 14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling ⁶³ eNOS Signaling ⁶³ GSK3 Signaling ⁶³	13.37	RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
10	Phospholipase-C Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways PTEN Pathway ⁶³	13.17	RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2 FGF7
11	Sweet Taste Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways Bitter Taste Signaling ⁶³ Cellular Effects of Sildenafil ⁶³ Melatonin Signaling ⁶³ Sperm Motility ⁶³	13.15	STK11 RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
12	G-Beta Gamma Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways CRHR Pathway ⁶³ GHRH Signaling ⁶³ Hedgehog Signaling in Mammals ⁶³ Relaxin Pathway ⁶³ Signaling in Gap Junctions ⁶³	13.13	RAF1 PRKAR1A POMC MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
13	p70S6K Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways mTOR Pathway ⁶³ Renin-Angiotensin Pathway ⁶³	13.1	STK11 RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT
14	PI3K-Akt signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways Human papillomavirus infection ³⁶	13.08	STK11 RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
15	Regulation of lipid metabolism Insulin signaling-generic cascades ²² Show member pathways acetyl-CoA biosynthesis from citrate ¹ Butyrate-induced histone acetylation ¹ Cell adhesion PLAU signaling ²² Class IB PI3K non-lipid kinase events ¹ Development CNTF receptor signaling ²² Development Growth hormone signaling via PI3K/AKT and MAPK cascades ²² ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling events ¹ Glucose Homeostasis ¹ Insulin signaling pathway ³⁶ IRS activation ⁶⁵ Signal attenuation ⁶⁵ Transcription Receptor-mediated HIF regulation ²² Translation Regulation of EIF2 activity ²² Translation Regulation of EIF4F activity ²² Translation Insulin regulation of translation ²²	13	RAF1 PTPN11 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
16	MAPK Erk Pathway ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Actin Dynamics Signaling Pathway ⁶⁶ G Protein coupled Receptors Signaling ⁶⁶	12.98	STK11 RAF1 MITF MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
17	NFAT and Cardiac Hypertrophy ⁶³ Show member pathways IGF1R Signaling ⁶³ Signaling Involved in Cardiac Hypertrophy ⁶³	12.97	RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 FGFR2 BRAF
18	Endometrial cancer ³⁶ Show member pathways Acute myeloid leukemia ³⁶ Binding of TCF/LEF-CTNNB1 to target gene promoters ⁶⁵ Chronic myeloid leukemia ³⁶ Colorectal cancer ³⁶ Pancreatic cancer ³⁶ Prostate cancer ³⁶ Signal transduction PTEN pathway ²² Thyroid cancer ³⁶	12.93	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
19	Development Angiotensin activation of ERK ²² Show member pathways Cell adhesion Integrin inside-out signaling ²² Development ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK ²² Development Angiotensin signaling via PYK2 ²² Development EDNRB signaling ²² Development EPO-induced MAPK pathway ²² Development G-Proteins mediated regulation MARK-ERK signaling ²² Signal transduction IP3 signaling ²²	12.92	RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT EDNRB BRAF
20	Beta-Adrenergic Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways CDK5 Pathway ⁶³ Erythropoietin Pathway ⁶³ Insulin Receptor Pathway ⁶³	12.89	RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
21	Common Cytokine Receptor Gamma-Chain Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Adipocytokines and Insulin Signaling ⁶⁴ Development Thrombopoietin-regulated cell processes ²² IL-15 Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ IL-2 Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ IL-21 Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ IL-4 Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ IL-7 Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ IL-9 Pathway ⁶³ IL-9 Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ Immune response IL-9 signaling pathway ²²	12.86	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
22	Development HGF signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of membrane-bound ESR1 ²² Apoptosis and survival NGF signaling pathway ²² Apoptosis and survival Role of CDK5 in neuronal death and survival ²² Development Neurotrophin family signaling ²² MET activates PTPN11 ⁶⁵ MET activates STAT3 ⁶⁵ Neurotrophin signaling pathway ³⁶ Signaling events mediated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (c-Met) ¹ Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor ¹	12.81	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
23	Gastric cancer ³⁶ Show member pathways Breast cancer ³⁶ Hepatocellular carcinoma ³⁶	12.8	RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2 FGF7
24	Relaxin signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways Estrogen signaling pathway ³⁶ Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action ³⁶ Relaxin receptors ⁶⁵	12.77	RAF1 POMC MAP2K2 MAP2K1 EDNRB
25	G-AlphaQ Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways G-AlphaI Signaling ⁶³ Thrombin Signaling ⁶³	12.76	RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
26	Neuropathic Pain-Signaling in Dorsal Horn Neurons ⁶³ Show member pathways Aldosterone Signaling in Epithelial Cells ⁶³ Cholera Infection ⁶³	12.76	RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
27	Regulation of actin cytoskeleton ³⁶ ¹	12.72	RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 FGFR2 FGF7 BRAF
28	ErbB signaling pathway ³⁶ ¹ Show member pathways EGFR Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance ³⁶ Renal cell carcinoma ³⁶ TCA Cycle Nutrient Utilization and Invasiveness of Ovarian Cancer ¹	12.7	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 FGFR2 BRAF
29	Glioma ³⁶ Show member pathways Endocrine resistance ³⁶ Melanoma ³⁶ Non-small cell lung cancer ³⁶ Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma ¹	12.69	RAF1 MITF MAP2K2 MAP2K1 FGFR2 FGF7
30	Development Dopamine D2 receptor transactivation of EGFR ²² Show member pathways Apoptosis and survival BAD phosphorylation ²² BAD Phosphorylation ⁶³ Chemotaxis CXCR4 signaling pathway ²² Development Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activation of ERK ²²	12.68	RAF1 PTPN11 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1
31	MAPK signaling pathway ³⁶ ¹	12.64	RAF1 PTPN7 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
32	Immune response Role of DAP12 receptors in NK cells ²² Show member pathways Immune response CD16 signaling in NK cells ²² Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity ³⁶	12.62	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
33	mTOR signaling pathway (KEGG) ³⁶ Show member pathways mTOR Signaling ⁶⁴	12.57	STK11 RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 FGFR2 BRAF
34	Ras signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways Rap1 signaling pathway ³⁶	12.57	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
35	Oxytocin signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways Vascular smooth muscle contraction ³⁶	12.56	RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
36	Prolactin Signaling Pathway ³⁶ ¹ Show member pathways Development Prolactin receptor signaling ²² Leptin signaling pathway ¹	12.55	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1
37	B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway (sino) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway ⁶⁶	12.53	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1
38	RANK Signaling in Osteoclasts ⁶³ Show member pathways Apoptosis and survival APRIL and BAFF signaling ²² APRIL Pathway ⁶³ BAFF in B-Cell Signaling ⁶³ RANK Pathway ⁶³ RANKL/RANK (Receptor activator of NFKB (ligand)) Signaling Pathway ¹	12.53	RAF1 MITF MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
39	Pathways in cancer ³⁶	12.53	RAF1 MITF MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
40	B cell receptor signaling pathway (KEGG) ³⁶ Show member pathways B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway ¹ BCR signaling pathway ¹	12.52	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
41	Phospholipase D signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways Choline metabolism in cancer ³⁶	12.51	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT
42	Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades ²² Show member pathways Development VEGF signaling and activation ²² VEGF - VEGF R2 Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴	12.51	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
43	mTOR signalling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK ⁶⁵ Inhibition of TSC complex formation by PKB ⁶⁵ mTORC1-mediated signalling ⁶⁵ PDE3B signalling ⁶⁵ PI3K Cascade ⁶⁵ PKB-mediated events ⁶⁵ Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) Signaling ¹	12.49	STK11 PTPN11 FGFR2 FGF7
44	Development IGF-1 receptor signaling ²² Show member pathways IL-4 Signaling Pathway ¹ Immune response IL-4 signaling pathway ²² Signal transduction AKT signaling ²²	12.48	RAF1 PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1
45	G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-i signaling cascades ²² Show member pathways Development Beta-adrenergic receptors regulation of ERK ²² G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-s signaling cascades ²² G-protein signaling G-Protein beta/gamma signaling cascades ²²	12.48	RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
46	G-protein signaling RAC1 in cellular process ²² Show member pathways CDC42 signaling events ¹ Cytoskeleton remodeling CDC42 in cellular processes ²² RAC1 signaling pathway ¹	12.45	RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2 FGF7
47	cAMP signaling pathway ³⁶	12.44	RAF1 POMC MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
48	CNTF Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways FLT3 Signaling ⁶³ IL-3 Pathway ⁶³ Nur77-Induced AICD in Macrophage ⁶³ OSM Pathway ⁶³	12.42	RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
49	Development EGFR signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways Development ERBB-family signaling ²² EGF Pathway ⁶³ ErbB receptor signaling network ¹	12.42	RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
50	Development A3 receptor signaling ²² Show member pathways Development A1 receptor signaling ²² G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-q signaling cascades ²²	12.41	RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1

Sources

GO Terms for Lentigines

Cellular components related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cytoplasm	GO:0005737	9.5	TYR STK11 SASH1 RAF1 PTPN7 PTPN11
2	cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane	GO:0009898	9.13	PTPN7 MAP2K2 KIT

Biological processes related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 32)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	intracellular signal transduction	GO:0035556	9.99	RAF1 PRKAR1A MC1R KIT BRAF
2	protein phosphorylation	GO:0006468	9.95	STK11 RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
3	heart development	GO:0007507	9.93	RAF1 PTPN11 PRKAR1A MAP2K1
4	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.9	PTPN11 MAP2K1 FGFR2 BRAF
5	axonogenesis	GO:0007409	9.83	STK11 PTPN11 FGFR2
6	activation of protein kinase activity	GO:0032147	9.83	STK11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1
7	activation of MAPK activity	GO:0000187	9.8	PTPN11 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT
8	fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:0008543	9.79	PTPN11 FGFR2 FGF7
9	positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	GO:0051897	9.77	PTPN11 MC1R KIT FGFR2 FGF7
10	phosphorylation	GO:0016310	9.76	STK11 RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT
11	somatic stem cell population maintenance	GO:0035019	9.75	RAF1 KIT BRAF
12	peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:0018108	9.72	MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2 BRAF
13	positive regulation of axonogenesis	GO:0050772	9.7	STK11 MAP2K1 BRAF
14	melanin biosynthetic process	GO:0042438	9.65	TYR MC1R
15	thyroid gland development	GO:0030878	9.65	RAF1 MAP2K1 BRAF
16	branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis	GO:0060445	9.64	FGFR2 FGF7
17	developmental pigmentation	GO:0048066	9.64	KIT EDNRB
18	organ growth	GO:0035265	9.63	PTPN11 FGFR2
19	melanocyte differentiation	GO:0030318	9.63	MITF KIT EDNRB
20	positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA	GO:1903800	9.62	MAP2K2 MAP2K1
21	regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade	GO:0032872	9.61	MAP2K2 MAP2K1
22	Bergmann glial cell differentiation	GO:0060020	9.61	PTPN11 MAP2K1
23	face development	GO:0060324	9.61	RAF1 MAP2K1 BRAF
24	regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport	GO:2000641	9.58	MAP2K2 MAP2K1
25	regulation of axon regeneration	GO:0048679	9.57	MAP2K1 BRAF
26	positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis	GO:0060501	9.56	FGFR2 FGF7
27	thymus development	GO:0048538	9.56	TYR RAF1 MAP2K1 BRAF
28	myeloid progenitor cell differentiation	GO:0002318	9.55	KIT BRAF
29	regulation of Golgi inheritance	GO:0090170	9.54	MAP2K2 MAP2K1
30	cerebellar cortex formation	GO:0021697	9.51	PTPN11 MAP2K1
31	pigmentation	GO:0043473	9.35	TYR MITF MC1R KIT EDNRB
32	MAPK cascade	GO:0000165	9.23	RAF1 MEN1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2

Molecular functions related to Lentigines according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	protein binding	GO:0005515	10.32	TYR STK11 SASH1 RAF1 PTPN7 PTPN11
2	nucleotide binding	GO:0000166	10.01	STK11 RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT
3	protein serine/threonine kinase activity	GO:0004674	9.72	STK11 RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
4	protein kinase activity	GO:0004672	9.7	STK11 RAF1 MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2
5	MAP-kinase scaffold activity	GO:0005078	9.43	MAP2K2 MAP2K1
6	scaffold protein binding	GO:0097110	9.43	MAP2K2 MAP2K1 BRAF
7	protein tyrosine kinase activity	GO:0004713	9.35	MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT FGFR2 BRAF
8	kinase activity	GO:0016301	9.23	STK11 RAF1 PRKAR1A MAP2K2 MAP2K1 KIT

Sources

Sources for Lentigines

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia