Leukodystrophy, Hypomyelinating, 6 (HLD)

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OMIM 57 612438 Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0060798 ICD10 33 E75.2 Orphanet 59 ORPHA139441 ICD10 via Orphanet 34 E75.2

MedGen 42 C2676244 MeSH 44 D020279 SNOMED-CT via HPO 69 263681008 258211005 271611007 103276001 15188001 343087000 95828007 246635007 397540003 7973008 563001 76976005 162294008 229721007 29164008 62415009 228156007 247578003 91138005 128613002 246545002 313307000 84757009 91175000 85102008 221360009 397790002 8011004 43105007 95646004 26079004 16046003 192781003 252157006 255314001 237836003 more UMLS 73 C2676244

OMIM : ⁵⁷ Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-6, also known as hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of delayed motor development and gait instability, followed by extrapyramidal movement disorders, such as dystonia, choreoathetosis, rigidity, opisthotonus, and oculogyric crises, progressive spastic tetraplegia, ataxia, and, more rarely, seizures. Most patients have cognitive decline and speech delay, but some can function normally. Brain MRI shows a combination of hypomyelination, cerebellar atrophy, and atrophy or disappearance of the putamen. The disorder usually shows sporadic occurrence, but sibs may be affected if a parent is somatic mosaic for the mutation (summary by Simons et al., 2013). Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLD) comprise a genetically heterogeneous entity in which there is a substantial permanent deficit in myelin deposition within the brain, resulting in neurologic deficits (van der Knaap et al., 2002). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, see 312080. (612438)

MalaCards based summary : Leukodystrophy, Hypomyelinating, 6, also known as habc, is related to hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 3, and has symptoms including seizures, ataxia and tremor. An important gene associated with Leukodystrophy, Hypomyelinating, 6 is TUBB4A (Tubulin Beta 4A Class IVa), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Development Slit-Robo signaling and Chaperonin-mediated protein folding. Affiliated tissues include cerebellum, brain and eye, and related phenotypes are nystagmus and intellectual disability

Disease Ontology : ¹² A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by infant or early childhood onset of delayed motor development and gait instability, followed by extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spastic tetraplegia, ataxia, hypomyelination, cerebellar atrophy, and atrophy or disappearance of the putamen that has material basis in heterozygous mutation in the TUBB4A gene on chromosome 19p13.

NIH Rare Diseases : ⁵³ Hypomyelination with atrophy of basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) is a disease that affects certain parts of the brain. Symptoms usually begin in infancy or early childhood and worsen over time. Severity of symptoms and rate of progression can vary. Symptoms may include delayed motor development, learning difficulties, upper-motor neuron dysfunction (spasticity, exaggerated reflexes, and Babinski signs), dystonia, rigidity, involuntary movements, and speech and swallowing problems. H-ABC is caused by a mutation in the TUBB4A gene. Inheritance is autosomal dominant, but most cases are due to a new mutation occurring for the first time in a person with the condition. Treatment may involve taking medications to ease symptoms, physical therapy, and surgery when dystonia does not improve with medication.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : ⁷⁵ Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 6: A neurologic disorder characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of delayed motor development and gait instability, followed by extrapyramidal movement disorders, such as dystonia, choreoathetosis, rigidity, opisthotonus, and oculogyric crises, progressive spastic tetraplegia, ataxia, and, more rarely, seizures. Most patients have cognitive decline and speech delay, but some can function normally. Brain MRI shows a combination of hypomyelination, cerebellar atrophy, and atrophy or disappearance of the putamen.

Clinical features from OMIM:

612438

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