Leukoplakia of Penis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: LKP001 MIFTS: 18	Leukoplakia of Penis Categories: Reproductive diseases
Tissues Related diseases Publications Drugs Expand all tables

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Leukoplakia of Penis

MalaCards integrated aliases for Leukoplakia of Penis:

Name: Leukoplakia of Penis ¹² ¹⁷ ³²

Penile Leukoplakia ¹² ⁷¹

Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans ⁷¹

Kraurosis of Penis ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Reproductive diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³²

Diseases of the genitourinary system

Diseases of male genital organs

Other disorders of penis

Leukoplakia of penis

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:8738

ICD9CM ³⁴ 607.0

MeSH ⁴³ D052798

NCIt ⁴⁹ C3151

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 3323003

ICD10 ³² N48.0

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_1001015

UMLS ⁷¹ C0022782 C0152460

Sources

Summaries for Leukoplakia of Penis

MalaCards based summary : Leukoplakia of Penis, also known as penile leukoplakia, is related to balanitis xerotica obliterans. The drugs Triamcinolone and Vitamin A have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin.

Sources

Related Diseases for Leukoplakia of Penis

Diseases related to Leukoplakia of Penis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	balanitis xerotica obliterans	11.5

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Leukoplakia of Penis

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Leukoplakia of Penis

Drugs for Leukoplakia of Penis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 13)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Triamcinolone

Approved, Vet_approved

124-94-7

31307

Synonyms:

(8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16R,17S)-9-fluoro-11,16,17-trihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one

11.Beta.,16.alpha.,17.alpha., 21-Tetrahydroxy-9.alpha.-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione

11.beta.,16.alpha.,17.alpha.,21-Tetrahydroxy-9.alpha.-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione

11b,16a,17a,21-Tetrahydroxy-9a-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione

11beta,16alpha,17alpha,21-Tetrahydroxy-9alpha-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione

11-beta,16-alpha,17-alpha,21-Tetrahydroxy-9-alpha-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione

11β,16α,17α,21-tetrahydroxy-9α-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione

124-94-7

4-08-00-03629 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)

83474-03-7

9.Alpha.-Fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17,21-tetrahy

9.alpha.-Fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione

9.alpha.-Fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9.Alpha.-Fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17.alpha., 21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-d

9.alpha.-Fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17.alpha.,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9.alpha.-Fluoro-16.alpha.-hydroxyprednisolone

9a-fluoro-11b,16a,17,21-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9a-fluoro-11b,16a,17a,21-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9a-fluoro-16a-Hydroxyprednisolone

9alpha-Fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione

9alpha-fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17,21-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9alpha-Fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9-alpha-Fluoro-11-beta,16-alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9alpha-fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17alpha,21-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9alpha-fluoro-16alpha-Hydroxyprednisolone

9alpha-Fluoro-16alpha-hydroxyprednisolone

9-alpha-Fluoro-16-alpha-hydroxyprednisolone

9-Fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9-fluoro-11b,16a,17,21-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9-fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17,21-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9-Fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9-fluoro-11β,16α,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9α-fluoro-11β,16α,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9α-fluoro-11β,16α,17α,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

9α-fluoro-16α-hydroxyprednisolone

AC1L1LDH

AC1Q5HJC

AC-2072

Adcortyl

Aristocort

Aristocort A

Aristocort Tablets

Aristogel

Aristospan

Azmacort

Bio-0662

BPBio1_000154

BRD-K77554836-001-03-3

BRN 2341955

BSPBio_000140

C21H27FO6

Celeste

CHEMBL1451

CID31307

Cinolone

Cinolone-T

CL 19823

D00385

D014221

DB00620

Delphicort

droxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione

EINECS 204-718-7

EU-0101179

Fluoxiprednisolone

Fluoxyprednisolone

Flutex

Fougera

HMS1568G22

HMS2090D12

HSDB 3194

ione

Kenacort

Kenacort (TN)

Kenacort-A

Kenacort-Ag

Kenacort-AG

Kenalog

Kenalog in Orabase

Kenalog-10

Kenalog-40

Kenalog-H

Ledercort

Lopac0_001179

LS-698

MLS000028542

MLS001066543

MLS002695935

MolPort-002-528-981

Mycolog

Nasacort

Nasacort Aq

Nasacort Hfa

NCGC00021580-03

NCGC00021580-04

NCGC00021580-05

NCGC00021580-06

NCGC00021580-07

nchembio.2007.53-comp7

NCI60_000750

NSC 13397

NSC13397

Omcilon

Omicilon

Oracort

Oralone

Orion

Polcortolon

Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dio

Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11beta,16alpha)

Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxy- (8CI)

Prestwick_438

Prestwick0_000120

Prestwick1_000120

Prestwick2_000120

Prestwick3_000120

Rodinolone

S1933_Selleck

Sk-Triamcinolone

SK-Triamcinolone

SMP1_000300

SMR000058333

SPBio_002079

T6376_SIGMA

Tiamcinolonum

Tiamcinolonum [INN-Latin]

Triacet

Triacort

Triamcet

Triamcinalone

Triamcinlon

Triamcinolon

Triamcinolona

Triamcinolona [INN-Spanish]

triamcinolone

Triamcinolone

Triamcinolone (JP15/USP/INN)

TRIAMCINOLONE (SEE ALSO TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE (76-25-5) AND TRIAMCINOLONE DIACETATE (67-78-7))

Triamcinolone [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]

Triamcinolone acetonide

Triamcinolone diacetate

Triamcinolone hexacetonide

Triamcinolonum

Triamcinolonum [INN]

Triam-Tablinen

Triatex

Tricortale

Triderm

Trilone

Tri-Nasal

Tristoject

Trymex

UNII-1ZK20VI6TY

Vetalog

Volon

Volon A

WLN: L E5 B666 OV KU MUTJ A1 BF CQ E1 FV1Q FQ GQ

ZINC03882036

Vitamin A

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

68-26-8, 11103-57-4, 22737-96-8

445354 9904001

Synonyms:

(11-cis,13-cis)-Retinol acetate

(13cis)-Retinol

(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol

(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol

(2Z,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol

(all-E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol

.alpha.lin

.alpha.sterol

.beta.-Retinol

[11,12-3H]-Retinol

11,13-Di-cis-vitamin a acetate

11103-57-4

11-cis-13-cis-Retinol acetate

11-cis-13-cis-Retinyl acetate

13123-33-6

1341-18-0

1406-67-3

17104-91-5

1rbp

3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclchexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol

3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol

3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonate-traen-1-ol

3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol, (all-E)-Isomer

3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol

4-06-00-04133 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)

53637-36-8

5979-23-7

68-26-8

95144_FLUKA

95144_SIGMA

95146_FLUKA

95146_SIGMA

AC-11701

AC1L9HU3

AC1Q7BU9

ACON

Afaxin

Agiolan

Agoncal

Alcohol 9,13-dimethyl-7-(1,1,5-trimethyl-6-cyclohexen-5-yl)-7,9,11,13-nonatetraen-15-ol

Alcovit A

alin

All Trans Retinol

All-trans retinol

ALL-TRANS RETINOL (SEE ALSO RETINOID PROJECT 1)

all-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol

all-trans-retinol

all-trans-Retinol

all-trans-retinyl alcohol

all-trans-Retinyl alcohol

all-trans-Vitamin A

all-trans-vitamin A alcohol

all-trans-Vitamin A alcohol

all-trans-Vitamin A1

Alphalin

Alphasterol

A-Mulsal

Anatola

Anatola A

Anti-infective vitamin

Antixerophthalmic vitamin

Antixerophthalmisches Vitamin

Aoral

Apexol

Apostavit

Aquasol A Parenteral

Aquasynth

AR-1L3057

A-Sol

Atars

ATAV

Avibon

A-Vi-Pel

Avita

A-Vitan

Avitol

Axerol

Axerophthol

Axerophtholum

Bentavit A

beta-Retinol

BIDD:PXR0102

Biosterol

BRN 0403040

C00473

C17276

C20H30O

CCRIS 5444

CHEBI:17336

CHEMBL986

Chocola A

CID445354

Cylasphere

D014801

D06543

DB00162

Del-VI-A

Disatabs Tabs

Dofsol

Dohyfral A

EINECS 200-683-7

EINECS 234-328-2

Epiteliol

Hi-A-Vita

HMS1921B04

HMS2092L13

HMS501I08

Homagenets Aoral

Homagenets aorl

HSDB 815

Hydrovit A

IDI1_000486

Lard Factor

LMPR01090001

LPK

LS-1578

M.V.C. 9+3

M.V.I.-12

MLS001066379

MLS001074751

MolPort-001-785-962

Mvc Plus

Myvpack

NCGC00091784-01

NCGC00091784-02

NCGC00091784-03

NCGC00091784-04

NCGC00091784-05

NCGC00091784-06

Nio-A-Let

NSC 122759

NSC122759

Oleovitamin A

Ophthalamin

Plivit A

Prepalin

R7632_SIGMA

Retin-11,12-t2-ol (9CI)

retinol

Retinol

RETINOL

Retinol [INN:BAN]

Retinol solution

Retinol-(cellular-retinol-binding-protein)

Retinol, all-trans- (8CI)

Retinolo

Retinolo [DCIT]

Retinolum

Retinolum [INN-Latin]

Retrovitamin A

Ro-a-vit

Rovimix A 500

SDCCGMLS-0066724.P001

Sehkraft A

SMP2_000102

SMR000112036

Solu-A

SPECTRUM1501203

Spectrum5_000993

Spectrum5_001997

ST057232

Super A

Testavol

Testavol S

Thalasphere

trans-retinol

trans-Retinol acid (Vitamin A)

trans-Vitamin A alcohol

tROL

UNII-81G40H8B0T

UNII-G2SH0XKK91

Vaflol

Vafol

Veroftal

Vi-.alpha.

Vi-a

Vi-Alpha

Vi-Dom-A

Vio-A

Vitamin A

Vitamin- A

Vitamin A (Feed)

Vitamin A (USP)

Vitamin A alcohol

Vitamin- A alcohol

Vitamin A alcohol (VAN)

Vitamin- A alcohol solution

Vitamin A cryst

Vitamin A1

Vitamin- A1

Vitamin A1 alcohol

Vitamin A1 alcohol, all trans

Vitamin-?A

Vitamin-?A alcohol

Vitamin-?A alcohol solution

Vitamin-?A1

Vitamine A

Vitaminum A

Vitavel A

Vitavel-A

Vitpex

Vogan

Vogan-Neu

Vogan-nu

Wachstumsvitamin

WLN: L6UTJ A1 B1U1Y1&U2U1Y1&U2Q C1 C1

ZINC03831417

Zinosan N

Immunologic Factors

retinol

Retinol palmitate

Hormone Antagonists

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Triamcinolone diacetate

Triamcinolone hexacetonide

triamcinolone acetonide

glucocorticoids

Hormones

Immunosuppressive Agents

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Circumcision Versus Preputioplasty for BXO in Children: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT02854995

Search NIH Clinical Center for Leukoplakia of Penis

Sources

Genetic Tests for Leukoplakia of Penis

Sources

Anatomical Context for Leukoplakia of Penis

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Leukoplakia of Penis:

⁴⁰

Skin

Sources

Publications for Leukoplakia of Penis

Articles related to Leukoplakia of Penis:

(show top 50) (show all 203)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Balanitis xerotica obliterans: an update for clinicians. ⁶¹	Nguyen ATM...Holland AJA	31760506	2020
2	Tissue engineered indigenous pericardial patch urethroplasty: A promising solution to a nagging problem. ⁶¹	Mandal TK...Mondal M	31970073	2020
3	Save the foreskin: Outcomes of preputioplasty in the treatment of childhood phimosis. ⁶¹	Hotonu S...Gopal M	31548120	2019
4	Ultrasound evidence of bladder outlet obstruction secondary to lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in boys (balanitis xerotica obliterans). ⁶¹	Hughes KE...Corbett HJ	31455543	2019
5	Balanitis xerotica obliterans: a review of diagnosis and management. ⁶¹	Charlton OA...Smith SD	30315576	2019
6	10 Years' Experience in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans: A Single-Institution Study. ⁶¹	Pradhan A...Upadhyaya M	30130825	2019
7	Re: Single-Stage Urethroplasty with Buccal Mucosal Inlay Graft for Stricture Caused by Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans in Boys: . ⁶¹	Canning DA	30759653	2019
8	Abnormal dartos fascia in buried penis and hypospadias: Evidence from histopathology. ⁶¹	Atmoko W...Rodjani A	30554609	2018
9	Does application of topical steroids for lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans) affect the rate of circumcision? A systematic review. ⁶¹	Folaranmi SE...Losty PD	29395150	2018
10	Utility of uroflowmetry during the follow-up of children affected by balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO). ⁶¹	Arena S...Romeo C	29974722	2018
11	Routine histopathological examination of the foreskin after circumcision for clinically suspected lichen sclerosus in children: Is it a waste of resources? ⁶¹	Alyami FA...Koyle M	29405913	2018
12	Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Regenerative Effects of Topical Treatment with Ozonated Olive Oil/Vitamin E Acetate in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans. ⁶¹	Curro M...Impellizzeri P	29534008	2018
13	Single-stage urethroplasty with buccal mucosal inlay graft for stricture caused by balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys: Outcomes in the medium term. ⁶¹	Ashraf J...Subramaniam R	29150196	2018
14	Surgical management of buried penis in adults. ⁶¹	Anandan L...Mohammed A	30386659	2018
15	Can lichen sclerosus be diagnosed by preputial appearance or symptoms? ⁶¹	Kato T...Hayashi Y	30271758	2018
16	Role of urethral plate and fossa navicularis biopsies in the detection of balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys undergoing redo hypospadias repair. ⁶¹	Sultan M...Selim M	29234536	2017
17	Characteristics of Idiopathic Urethral Strictures: A Link to Remote Perineal Trauma? ⁶¹	Viers BR...Morey AF	28755966	2017
18	[Clinical and immunohistochemical correlation of balanitis xerotica obliterans]. ⁶¹	Betancourth-Alvarenga JE...Paredes Esteban RM	29266891	2017
19	Squamous Cell Carcinoma Penis in a Case of Urethral Stricture Due to Lichen Sclerosus Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans: A Case Report and Review of Literature. ⁶¹	Taneja Y...Sen TK	28892974	2017
20	Balanitis xerotica obliterans: has its diagnostic accuracy improved with time? ⁶¹	Boksh K...Patwardhan N	28620502	2017
21	Recurrence after management of meatal balanitis xerotica obliterans. ⁶¹	Snodgrass W...Bush NC	28089110	2017
22	Response to commentary to 'Bleeding after circumcision is more likely in children with Lichen Sclerosus (Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans)'. ⁶¹	Corbett H	28089293	2017
23	Bleeding after circumcision is more likely in children with lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans). ⁶¹	Somov P...Corbett H	28043767	2017
24	Two-stage hypospadias repair with a free graft for severe primary and revision hypospadias: A single surgeon's experience with long-term follow-up. ⁶¹	Pfistermuller KL...Cuckow PM	27746246	2017
25	The Association Between BXO and Obesity in Boys Undergoing Circumcision. ⁶¹	Fuchs ME...McLeod DJ	29204461	2017
26	Expression of Transglutaminase in Foreskin of Children with Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans. ⁶¹	Russo T...Romeo C	27649154	2016
27	Penile Circular Fasciocutaneous (McAninch) Flap as an Option for Complex Anterior Urethral Stricture in Case of Non-Viable Buccal Mucosal Graft. ⁶¹	Vijayganapathy S...Sreenivas J	27630900	2016
28	Foreskin Morbidity in Uncircumcised Males. ⁶¹	Sneppen I...Thorup J	27244821	2016
29	Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux by Endoscopic Injection of Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid in Adults. ⁶¹	Stark TW...Preston DM	27162514	2016
30	Benign penile skin anomalies in children: a primer for pediatricians. ⁶¹	Castagnetti M...Cimador M	25754752	2015
31	[Balanitis xerotica obliterans, underdiagnosed pathology of clinical relevance]. ⁶¹	Calleja Aguayo E...Marhuenda Irastorza C	27775307	2015
32	Steroid instillation for idiopathic urethritis in children: an 8-year experience. ⁶¹	Jayakumar S...Pringle K	24683102	2015
33	Meatal stenosis in boys following circumcision for lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans). ⁶¹	Homer L...Corbett HJ	24992332	2014
34	[Current diagnosis and treatment of male genital lichen sclerosus]. ⁶¹	Lu J...Huang XD	25095613	2014
35	Isolated preputial reconstruction in distal hypospadias. ⁶¹	Zimmermann EF...Woodward MN	24314817	2014
36	Treatment of urethral strictures in balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) using circular buccal mucosal meatoplasy: experience of 15 cases. ⁶¹	Simsek A...Kurt O	24704927	2014
37	SIU/ICUD Consultation on Urethral Strictures: Anterior urethra-lichen sclerosus. ⁶¹	Stewart L...Virasoro R	24268357	2014
38	Balanitis xerotica obliterans in children and adolescents: a literature review and clinical series. ⁶¹	Celis S...Lopez PJ	24295833	2014
39	[Balanitis xerotica obliterans with phimosis in elderly patients presenting with difficulty in urination]. ⁶¹	Nemoto K...Ishidate T	23827865	2013
40	Genital lichen sclerosus/balanitis xerotica obliterans in men with penile carcinoma: a critical analysis. ⁶¹	Philippou P...Minhas S	23356463	2013
41	Histopathological examination of the prepuce after circumcision: Is it a waste of resources? ⁶¹	Naji H...Mustafa R	23860069	2013
42	Intralesional adalimumab for the treatment of refractory balanitis xerotica obliterans. ⁶¹	Lowenstein EB...Zeichner JA	23324752	2013
43	Incidence of balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys younger than 10 years presenting with phimosis. ⁶¹	Kuehhas FE...Lassmann J	23296396	2013
44	Balanitis xerotica obliterans in children and its incidence under the age of 5 years. ⁶¹	Jayakumar S...Ninan GK	21705275	2012
45	Management of boys with abnormal appearance of meatus at circumcision for balanitis xerotica obliterans. ⁶¹	Holland AJ	22613322	2012
46	Foreskin preputioplasty and intralesional triamcinolone: a valid alternative to circumcision for balanitis xerotica obliterans. ⁶¹	Wilkinson DJ...Godbole PP	22498393	2012
47	Paediatric balanitis xerotica obliterans: an 8-year experience. ⁶¹	Mohammed A...Barua JM	22649954	2012
48	Skin phototype and local trauma in the onset of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) in circumcised patients. ⁶¹	Villa M...Baldi A	22210729	2012
49	Penile lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans). ⁶¹	Clouston D...Lawrentschuk N	22085120	2011
50	Penile cancer: what's new? ⁶¹	Letendre J...Lattouf JB	21826001	2011

Sources

Genes for Leukoplakia of Penis

Sources

Variations for Leukoplakia of Penis

Sources

Expression for Leukoplakia of Penis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Leukoplakia of Penis.

Sources

Pathways for Leukoplakia of Penis

Sources

GO Terms for Leukoplakia of Penis

Sources

Sources for Leukoplakia of Penis

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia