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MCID: LYD001
MIFTS: 46

Leydig Cell Tumor

Categories: Cancer diseases, Endocrine diseases, Reproductive diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Leydig Cell Tumor

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Leydig Cell Tumor:

Name: Leydig Cell Tumor 12 55 44 15 73
Leydig Cell Tumor, Benign 73
Leydig Cell Neoplasm 12
Tumor, Leydig Cell 40

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Reproductive diseases Endocrine diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:2696
MeSH 44 D007984
NCIt 50 C3188
SNOMED-CT 68 45002009
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Summaries for Leydig Cell Tumor

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MalaCards based summary : Leydig Cell Tumor, also known as leydig cell tumor, benign, is related to sertoli-leydig cell tumor and testicular leydig cell tumor. An important gene associated with Leydig Cell Tumor is LHCGR (Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are DAG and IP3 signaling and Aldosterone synthesis and secretion. The drugs Testosterone and Testosterone enanthate have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include testis, ovary and lung, and related phenotypes are Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) and Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)

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Related Diseases for Leydig Cell Tumor

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Diseases in the Leydig Cell Tumor family:

Malignant Leydig Cell Tumor

Diseases related to Leydig Cell Tumor via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 112)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 sertoli-leydig cell tumor 34.4 AFP INSL3
2 testicular leydig cell tumor 33.1 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP21A2 STAR
3 hyperandrogenism 30.4 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
4 precocious puberty 30.3 CYP19A1 CYP21A2 LHCGR
5 adrenal rest tumor 30.0 CYP21A2 NR5A1
6 amenorrhea 30.0 LHCGR NR5A1
7 cryptorchidism, unilateral or bilateral 30.0 CYP19A1 INSL3 NR5A1
8 dysgerminoma 29.9 AFP PTHLH
9 sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor 29.8 AFP CYP19A1 NR5A1
10 infertility 29.6 CYP19A1 INSL3 LHCGR NR5A1
11 adrenal adenoma 29.6 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP21A2
12 lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia 29.4 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2 NR5A1 STAR
13 goiter, multinodular 1, with or without sertoli-leydig cell tumors 12.6
14 malignant leydig cell tumor 12.5
15 malignant sertoli-leydig cell tumor of the ovary 12.5
16 malignant testicular leydig cell tumor 12.3
17 malignant sertoli-leydig cell tumor 12.2
18 gynecomastia 10.4
19 androgen insensitivity syndrome 10.3
20 rhabdomyosarcoma 10.3
21 complete androgen insensitivity syndrome 10.2
22 reproductive organ benign neoplasm 10.2 AFP CYP19A1
23 multinodular goiter 10.2
24 sarcoma 10.2
25 infant gynecomastia 10.2
26 goiter 10.2
27 testotoxicosis 10.2 CYP19A1 LHCGR
28 precocious puberty, male-limited 10.2 CYP19A1 LHCGR
29 pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias 10.2 CYP17A1 LHCGR
30 mammographic density 10.1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1
31 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase deficiency 10.1 CYP17A1 CYP21A2
32 sclerosing hepatic carcinoma 10.1 AFP PTHLH
33 cystadenoma 10.1
34 adenocarcinoma 10.1
35 teratoma 10.1
36 liver sarcoma 10.1 AFP PTHLH
37 mycetoma 10.1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1
38 chorioangioma 10.1 AFP PTHLH
39 anorchia 10.1 INSL3 NR5A1
40 alopecia, androgenetic, 1 10.1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
41 hemangioma of intra-abdominal structure 10.1 AFP PTHLH
42 cloacal exstrophy 10.1 AFP NR5A1
43 dysgerminoma of ovary 10.1 AFP PTHLH
44 ovarian benign neoplasm 10.0 CYP19A1 STAR
45 testicular disease 10.0 AFP INSL3
46 prostate cancer 10.0
47 azoospermia 10.0
48 endodermal sinus tumor 10.0
49 mucinous adenocarcinoma 10.0
50 mature teratoma 10.0

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Leydig Cell Tumor:



Diseases related to Leydig Cell Tumor
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Leydig Cell Tumor

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GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Leydig Cell Tumor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) GR00366-A-139 9.36 CYP21A2
2 Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) GR00366-A-145 9.36 CYP21A2
3 Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) GR00366-A-173 9.36 NR5A1
4 Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) GR00366-A-184 9.36 CYP11A1 CYP21A2 NR5A1
5 Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) GR00366-A-203 9.36 CYP11A1 CYP21A2
6 Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) GR00366-A-206 9.36 CYP21A2
7 Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) GR00366-A-213 9.36 CYP21A2
8 Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) GR00366-A-28 9.36 CYP11A1

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Leydig Cell Tumor:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.01 AFP CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 INSL3 LHCGR
2 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 9.92 AFP CYP11A1 CYP19A1 INSL3 LHCGR NR5A1
3 cellular MP:0005384 9.91 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 INSL3 LHCGR NR5A1
4 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 9.8 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 LHCGR NR5A1 PTHLH
5 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 9.76 AFP CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 LHCGR NR5A1
6 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 9.35 AFP CYP11A1 CYP19A1 LHCGR PTHLH
7 reproductive system MP:0005389 9.28 AFP CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 INSL3 LHCGR
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Drugs & Therapeutics for Leydig Cell Tumor

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Drugs for Leydig Cell Tumor (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 51)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Testosterone Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 58-22-0 6013
2
Testosterone enanthate Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 315-37-7 9416
3
Methyltestosterone Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 58-18-4 6010
4
Testosterone undecanoate Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 5949-44-0
5
Castor oil Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 2, Phase 3 8001-79-4
6 Castor Phase 2, Phase 3
7 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 2, Phase 3
8 Cathartics Phase 2, Phase 3
9 Hormone Antagonists Phase 2, Phase 3
10 Testosterone 17 beta-cypionate Phase 2, Phase 3
11 Laxatives Phase 2, Phase 3
12 Hormones Phase 2, Phase 3
13 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Phase 2, Phase 3
14 Anabolic Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
15 Androgens Phase 2, Phase 3
16 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
17
Paclitaxel Approved, Vet_approved Phase 2 33069-62-4 36314
18
Bevacizumab Approved, Investigational Phase 2 216974-75-3
19
Carboplatin Approved Phase 2,Phase 1 41575-94-4 10339178 38904 498142
20
Etoposide Approved Phase 2 33419-42-0 36462
21
Bleomycin Approved, Investigational Phase 2 11056-06-7 5360373
22
Cisplatin Approved Phase 2 15663-27-1 2767 441203 84093
23 Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic Phase 2
24 Antimitotic Agents Phase 2
25 Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel Phase 2
26 Immunologic Factors Phase 2,Phase 1
27 Mitogens Phase 2
28 Immunoglobulin G Phase 2
29 Immunoglobulins Phase 2
30 Angiogenesis Modulating Agents Phase 2
31 Antibodies, Monoclonal Phase 2
32 Endothelial Growth Factors Phase 2
33 Angiogenesis Inhibitors Phase 2
34 Antibodies Phase 2
35 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 2
36 Etoposide phosphate Phase 2
37 Antibiotics, Antitubercular Phase 2
38 Topoisomerase Inhibitors Phase 2
39
Gemcitabine Approved Phase 1 95058-81-4 60750
40 Immunosuppressive Agents Phase 1
41 Antiviral Agents Phase 1
42 Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic Phase 1
43 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 1
44 Antimetabolites Phase 1
45
Dactinomycin Approved, Investigational 50-76-0 457193 2019
46
Cyclophosphamide Approved, Investigational 6055-19-2, 50-18-0 2907
47
Vincristine Approved, Investigational 57-22-7, 2068-78-2 5978
48
Ifosfamide Approved 3778-73-2 3690
49
Doxorubicin Approved, Investigational 23214-92-8 31703
50
Doxil Approved June 1999 31703

Interventional clinical trials:


# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Androgen for Leydig Cell Proliferation Completed NCT01206270 Phase 2, Phase 3 Testosterone undecanoate;Castor Oil
2 Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Ovarian Stromal Cancer Completed NCT00006227 Phase 2 Paclitaxel
3 Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Recurrent Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Ovary Completed NCT00748657 Phase 2
4 Paclitaxel and Carboplatin or Bleomycin Sulfate, Etoposide Phosphate, and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Sex Cord-Ovarian Stromal Tumors Recruiting NCT01042522 Phase 2 Carboplatin;Cisplatin;Etoposide Phosphate;Paclitaxel
5 Carboplatin, Gemcitabine Hydrochloride, and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Gynecological Cancer Completed NCT01652794 Phase 1 carboplatin;gemcitabine hydrochloride
6 Studying Genes in Samples From Younger Patients With Ovarian or Testicular Sex Cord Stromal Tumors Completed NCT01572467
7 Stress Reduction in Improving Quality of Life in Patients With Recurrent Gynecologic or Breast Cancer Completed NCT01764789 Not Applicable
8 DICER1-related Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Cancer Predisposition Syndrome: A Natural History Study Recruiting NCT01247597
9 International PPB Registry for PPB, DICER1 and Associated Conditions Recruiting NCT03382158
10 Elucidating the Genetic Basis of the Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (PPB) Familial Cancer Syndrome Recruiting NCT00565903

Search NIH Clinical Center for Leydig Cell Tumor

Cochrane evidence based reviews: leydig cell tumor

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Genetic Tests for Leydig Cell Tumor

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Anatomical Context for Leydig Cell Tumor

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Leydig Cell Tumor:

41
Testis, Ovary, Lung, Prostate, Liver, Bone, Skeletal Muscle
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Publications for Leydig Cell Tumor

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Articles related to Leydig Cell Tumor:

(show top 50) (show all 376)
# Title Authors Year
1
Retroperitoneal Leydig cell tumor recurrence presenting 14 years after orchiectomy. ( 29524977 )
2018
2
An ovarian Leydig cell tumor of ultrasound negative in a postmenopausal woman with hirsutism and hyperandrogenism: A case report. ( 29517680 )
2018
3
Poorly differentiated, ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous rhabdomyosarcoma and glandular elements: Diagnosis and management of a rare neoplasm. ( 29922708 )
2018
4
Testicular Estrogen-Secreting Leydig Cell Tumor in 18F-FDG PET/CT: An Incidental Detection in a Patient Treated by Chemotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma. ( 29166332 )
2018
5
Management of testicular Leydig cell tumor: A case report. ( 29924022 )
2018
6
Synchronous Leydig Cell Tumor and Seminoma in the Ipsilateral Testis. ( 29670803 )
2018
7
Mitotane treatment in patients with metastatic testicular Leydig cell tumor associated with severe androgen excess. ( 29330226 )
2018
8
A Multicenter Retrospective Review of Pediatric Leydig Cell Tumor of the Testis. ( 29554024 )
2018
9
Case report: an identical twin with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. ( 29366348 )
2018
10
Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor With Heterologous Hepatocytes and a Hepatocellular Carcinomatous Element. ( 29620585 )
2018
11
Two Years of Gynecomastia Caused by Leydig Cell Tumor. ( 30112247 )
2018
12
Second primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix presenting with synchronous ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor: An illustrative case of DICER1 syndrome. ( 30014022 )
2018
13
Frozen Section Diagnostic Pitfalls of Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor with Heterologous Elements. ( 30147979 )
2018
14
Leydig cell tumor in an Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). ( 30541983 )
2018
15
Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor with Elevated Inhibin B as a Cause of Secondary Amenorrhea in an Adolescent with Germ Line DICER1 Mutation. ( 28502826 )
2017
16
Leydig cell tumor in ovary of a German Shepherd bitch: An immunohistopathological study. ( 28473902 )
2017
17
Leydig cell tumor in grey zone: A case report. ( 28419904 )
2017
18
Leydig Cell Tumor of Testis in a Child: An Uncommon Presentation. ( 28694581 )
2017
19
Leydig cell tumor in the post-menopausal woman: case report and literature review. ( 28112699 )
2017
20
Retiform Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor in a 38-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report, Retrospective Review, and Review of Current Literature. ( 28316852 )
2017
21
An inguinal hernia with cryptorchidism with a Leydig cell tumor in an elderly man: A case report. ( 28171846 )
2017
22
Leydig cell tumor of the testis, presenting with azoospermia. ( 29259494 )
2017
23
A Case Report: Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor With Hyperestrogenism and Endometrial Hyperplasia in a Postmenopausal Woman. ( 28469526 )
2017
24
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary masquerading as a mucinous adenocarcinoma: a frozen section pitfall. ( 29081925 )
2017
25
Incidental Leydig Cell Tumor in Patient with Hormone Resistant Prostate Cancer. ( 28443242 )
2017
26
DICER1-related Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and gynandroblastoma: Clinical and genetic findings from the International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry. ( 29037807 )
2017
27
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor with Concurrent Rhabdomyosarcoma: Three Case Reports and a Review of the Literature. ( 28751916 )
2017
28
The co-occurrence of an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with a thyroid carcinoma is highly suggestive of a DICER1 syndrome. ( 26983701 )
2016
29
Recurrent ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a child with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. ( 28101370 )
2016
30
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary: A diagnostic dilemma. ( 26937481 )
2016
31
Recurrent Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of ovary in 8-year-old girl. ( 27334531 )
2016
32
Leydig cell tumor found incidentally during microscopic testicular sperm extraction in patient with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome: case report. ( 27523297 )
2016
33
A Rare Case of Intra-Endometrial Leiomyoma of Uterus Simulating Degenerated Submucosal Leiomyoma Accompanied by a Large Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor. ( 26847310 )
2016
34
Fertility-sparing management and obstetric outcomes in a 20-year-old patient with a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary: A case report and review of the literature. ( 27446397 )
2016
35
Leydig cell tumor of the testis with azoospermia and elevated delta4 androstenedione: case report. ( 27833751 )
2016
36
Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous elements containing an unusual type of alpha-fetoprotein-producing cells. ( 27126717 )
2016
37
Sertoli - Leydig cell tumor with retiform areas and overgrowth of rhabdomyosarcomatous elements: case report and literature review. ( 27473538 )
2016
38
Large moderately-differentiated ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a 13-year-old female: A case report. ( 26893701 )
2016
39
Atypical Leydig Cell Tumor in Children: Report of 2 Cases. ( 27940757 )
2016
40
Metastasized Leydig cell tumor in a dog. ( 26753337 )
2015
41
Alopecia and Hirsutism in a Postmenopausal Woman as the Presenting Complaint of Ovarian Hilus (Leydig) Cell Tumor. ( 25910403 )
2015
42
Testicular Leydig Cell Tumor with Metachronous Lesions: Outcomes after Metastasis Resection and Cryoablation. ( 26525589 )
2015
43
Leydig cell tumor in a patient with 49,XXXXY karyotype: a review of literature. ( 26160035 )
2015
44
Leydig cell tumor incidentally detected by fused FDG-PET/MRI. ( 25636443 )
2015
45
Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor with Predominant Heterologous Mucinous Differentiation and Foci of Hepatocytic Differentiation: Case Report and Review of The Literature. ( 26116602 )
2015
46
Leydig cell tumor with lung metastasis diagnosed by lung biopsy. ( 26722493 )
2015
47
True Precocious Puberty Following Treatment of a Leydig Cell Tumor: Two Case Reports and Literature Review. ( 26579503 )
2015
48
Cervical embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with congenital absence of unilateral ovary. ( 26458643 )
2015
49
Leydig cell tumor of testis with indeterminate features. ( 26960466 )
2015
50
Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous elements of gastrointestinal type associated with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein level: an unusual case and literature review. ( 25926909 )
2014
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Variations for Leydig Cell Tumor

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Expression for Leydig Cell Tumor

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Leydig Cell Tumor.
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Pathways for Leydig Cell Tumor

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Pathways related to Leydig Cell Tumor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
DAG and IP3 signaling 66
Show member pathways
 12.71 CYP11A1 LHCGR NR5A1 STAR
2
Aldosterone synthesis and secretion 37
Show member pathways
 12.44 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP21A2 NR5A1 STAR
3
Glucose / Energy Metabolism 4
12.2 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 STAR
4
Cushing syndrome 37
Show member pathways
 12.06 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP21A2 NR5A1 STAR
5
G alpha (s) signalling events 66
11.8 INSL3 LHCGR PTHLH
6
Corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway 1
11.58 CYP11A1 CYP21A2 STAR
7
Metabolism of steroid hormones 66
Show member pathways
 11.3 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2 STAR
8
Steroid hormone biosynthesis 37
Show member pathways
 11.28 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
9
Androstenedione and testosterone biosynthesis and metabolism p.1 22
Show member pathways
 11.24 CYP17A1 CYP19A1
10
Ovarian Infertility Genes 1
11 CYP19A1 LHCGR NR5A1
11
superpathway of steroid hormone biosynthesis 1
Show member pathways
 10.8 CYP17A1 CYP21A2
12
Ovarian steroidogenesis 37
10.71 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 LHCGR STAR
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GO Terms for Leydig Cell Tumor

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Biological processes related to Leydig Cell Tumor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 15)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 oxidation-reduction process GO:0055114 9.84 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
2 steroid metabolic process GO:0008202 9.69 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP21A2
3 male gonad development GO:0008584 9.63 LHCGR NR5A1 STAR
4 hormone-mediated signaling pathway GO:0009755 9.55 LHCGR NR5A1
5 female gonad development GO:0008585 9.52 CYP19A1 NR5A1
6 estrogen biosynthetic process GO:0006703 9.49 CYP19A1 STAR
7 C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process GO:0006700 9.48 CYP11A1 STAR
8 progesterone metabolic process GO:0042448 9.43 AFP CYP17A1
9 cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus GO:0071371 9.4 LHCGR STAR
10 regulation of steroid biosynthetic process GO:0050810 9.37 NR5A1 STAR
11 glucocorticoid biosynthetic process GO:0006704 9.33 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP21A2
12 testosterone biosynthetic process GO:0061370 9.32 CYP19A1 STAR
13 cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus GO:0071373 9.26 LHCGR STAR
14 sterol metabolic process GO:0016125 9.26 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
15 steroid biosynthetic process GO:0006694 9.02 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2 STAR

Molecular functions related to Leydig Cell Tumor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 lipid binding GO:0008289 9.58 CYP21A2 NR5A1 STAR
2 oxidoreductase activity GO:0016491 9.56 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
3 heme binding GO:0020037 9.46 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
4 oxygen binding GO:0019825 9.37 CYP17A1 CYP19A1
5 steroid hydroxylase activity GO:0008395 9.32 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
6 iron ion binding GO:0005506 9.26 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
7 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen GO:0016705 8.92 CYP11A1 CYP17A1 CYP19A1 CYP21A2
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Sources for Leydig Cell Tumor

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
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