Loiasis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

CDC: ² Loiasis, called African eye worm by most people, is caused by the parasitic worm Loa loa. It is passed on to humans through the repeated bites of deerflies (also known as mango flies or mangrove flies) of the genus Chrysops. The flies that pass on the parasite breed in certain rain forests of West and Central Africa. Infection with the parasite can also cause repeated episodes of itchy swellings of the body known as Calabar swellings. Knowing whether someone has a Loa loa infection has become more important in Africa because the presence of people with Loa loa infection has limited programs to control or eliminate onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis). There may be more than 29 million people who are at risk of getting loaisis in affected areas of Central and West Africa.

MalaCards based summary: Loiasis, also known as loa loa filariasis, is related to filariasis and filarial elephantiasis. An important gene associated with Loiasis is IL10 (Interleukin 10), and among its related pathways/superpathways are MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation and TGF-Beta Pathway. The drugs Reslizumab and Levamisole have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, skin and bone marrow.

GARD: ¹⁹ Loiasis is a form of filariasis (see this term), caused by the parasitic worm Loa loa, endemic to the forest and savannah regions of Central and Western Africa. Loiasis may either be asymptomatic or manifest as a large, transient area of localized, non-erythematous subcutaneous edema (Calabar swellings), adult worm migration through the sub-conjunctiva (''African eye worm'') and pruritus. Generalized itching, hives, muscle pains, arthralgias, fatigue, and adult worms visibly migrating under the surface of the skin may be observed. Severe complications such as encephalopathy have been reported in highly infected individuals receiving ivermectin during mass drug administration programs for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (see these terms).

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ Loiasis is a form of filariasis (see this term), caused by the parasitic worm Loa loa, endemic to the forest and savannah regions of Central and Western Africa. Loiasis may either be asymptomatic or manifest as a large, transient area of localized, non-erythematous subcutaneous edema (Calabar swellings), adult worm migration through the sub-conjunctiva (''African eye worm'') and pruritus. Generalized itching, hives, muscle pains, arthralgias, fatigue, and adult worms visibly migrating under the surface of the skin may be observed. Severe complications such as encephalopathy have been reported in highly infected individuals receiving ivermectin during mass drug administration programs for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (see these terms).

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A filariasis that involves parasitic infection of the skin and eyes caused by the nematode Loa loa, which is transmitted through the bite of a deer fly or mango fly. The disease is characterized by episodic angioedema in the arms and legs, and cyst-like enlargements of the connective tissue around the sheaths of muscle tendons. Dead worms may cause chronic abscesses, which may lead to the formation of granulomatous reactions and fibrosis.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Loa loa filariasis is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm Loa loa. Humans contract this... more...

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Related Diseases for Loiasis

Diseases related to Loiasis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 285)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	filariasis	31.2	STH IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
2	filarial elephantiasis	30.3	STH IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
3	schistosomiasis	29.8	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3
4	hyper ige syndrome	29.7	IL4 IL10 CCL11
5	onchocerciasis	29.7	STH IL5 IL4 IL13 EPX CCL11
6	leprosy 3	29.6	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
7	ascaris lumbricoides infection	29.6	STH IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
8	hypereosinophilic syndrome	29.4	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 EPX CCL11
9	elephantiasis	29.3	STH IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
10	endomyocardial fibrosis	29.3	IL5 IL4 IL10 EPX
11	strongyloidiasis	29.2	STH IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL11
12	skin disease	28.9	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3 CCL11
13	conjunctivitis	28.5	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 EPX CCL11
14	parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease	27.8	TXNRD3 STH IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
15	dirofilariasis	11.0
16	volvulus of midgut	10.4
17	dipetalonemiasis	10.3
18	palladium allergic contact dermatitis	10.3	IL10 CCL3
19	arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis 1	10.3
20	focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	10.3
21	arthropathy	10.3
22	osteoarthritis	10.3
23	acute diarrhea	10.2	STH IL10
24	clonorchiasis	10.2	STH IL10
25	mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia	10.2	IL4 IL10
26	miliary tuberculosis	10.2	IL4 IL10
27	critical covid-19	10.2	IL10 CCL3
28	giardiasis	10.2	STH IL10
29	laryngitis	10.2	IL4 IL10
30	inflammatory bowel disease 18	10.2	IL4 IL10
31	tick infestation	10.2	IL4 IL10
32	chromoblastomycosis	10.2	IL4 CCL3
33	fungal meningitis	10.2	IL4 IL10
34	tuberculoid leprosy	10.2	IL4 IL10
35	cercarial dermatitis	10.2	IL5 IL4
36	aztreonam allergy	10.2	IL5 IL13
37	immunoglobulin a deficiency 1	10.2	IL4 IL10
38	nickel allergic contact dermatitis	10.2	IL5 IL13
39	kimura disease	10.2	IL5 IL4
40	cefaclor allergy	10.2	IL5 IL13
41	cryptococcal meningitis	10.2	IL4 IL10
42	viral pneumonia	10.2	IL10 CCL3
43	cystic echinococcosis	10.1	IL4 IL10
44	norwegian scabies	10.1	IL5 IL13
45	encephalitis	10.1
46	aspirin-induced respiratory disease	10.1	IL5 IL13
47	blepharoconjunctivitis	10.1	IL4 IL13
48	contact blepharoconjunctivitis	10.1	IL5 CCL11
49	primary systemic mycosis	10.1	IL4 IL10
50	esophageal candidiasis	10.1	IL5 IL13

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Loiasis:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Loiasis

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Loiasis

Drugs for Loiasis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 23)

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Reslizumab

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

241473-69-8

2

Levamisole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved, Withdrawn

Phase 2

14769-73-4

26879

3

Doxycycline

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 2

564-25-0

54671203

4

Ivermectin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 2

70288-86-7

9812710 6427057

5

Moxidectin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 2

113507-06-5

72728820

6

Anti-Asthmatic Agents

Phase 2

7

Immunoglobulins

Phase 2

8

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Phase 2

9

Respiratory System Agents

Phase 2

10

Antibodies

Phase 2

11

Antiprotozoal Agents

Phase 2

12

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 2

13

Antimalarials

Phase 2

14

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 2

15

Antiparasitic Agents

Phase 2

16

Anthelmintics

Phase 2

17

Vitamins

Phase 2

18

Imatinib Mesylate

Phase 2

220127-57-1

19

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Phase 2

20

Albendazole

Approved, Vet_approved

54965-21-8

2082

21

Diethylcarbamazine

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

90-89-1

3052

22

Antimitotic Agents

23

Tubulin Modulators

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 12)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Loiasis Cross-reactive Antigenemia and Treatment-related Adverse Events	Completed	NCT05085665	Phase 4	Ivermectin
2	Comparison Between the Post-Treatment Reactions After Single-dose Ivermectin or DEC in Subjects With Loa Loa Infection	Completed	NCT01593722	Phase 4	Diethylcarbamazine;Ivermectin
3	A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-Blind Pilot Study of Single-Dose Humanized Anti-IL5 Antibody (Reslizumab) for the Reduction of Eosinophilia Following Diethylcarbamazine Treatment of Loa Loa Infection	Completed	NCT01111305	Phase 2	Reslizumab;Diethylcarbamazine
4	Randomized Clinical Trial, Double-blind, Dose-escalating of Drug Intensities, Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Levamisole in Loa Loa Microfilaremic Patients	Completed	NCT04049630	Phase 2	LEV 1 mg/kg;LEV 1,5 mg/kg;LEV 2,5 mg/kg;Placebo
5	Comparison of Early and Late Administration of Doxycycline in Their Efficacy Against Mansonella Perstans and in Development of Immunity Against Mycobacterial Infections	Completed	NCT02281643	Phase 2	Doxycycline
6	Treatment of Mansonella Perstans Infection in an Area Coendemic for Lymphatic Filariasis: A Pilot Study of the Effects of Doxycycline	Completed	NCT00340691	Phase 2	Doxycycline
7	Randomized Clinical Trial, Double-blind, Single-dose Drug and Escalating Infection Intensities, Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Moxidectin 2 mg, Ivermectin-controlled, in Loa Loa Microfilaremic Patients	Recruiting	NCT04049851	Phase 2	Moxidectin 2 MG Oral Tablet;Ivermectin 3Mg Tab;Placebo oral tablet
8	A Double-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Dose Escalation Study to Examine the Efficacy and Microfilaricidal Kinetics and Safety of Imatinib for the Treatment of Loa Loa (A Pilot Study)	Terminated	NCT02644525	Phase 2	Imatinib Mesylate;Placebo
9	Spontaneous Antigenemia in Loiasis, A Study of the Loiasis Antigens Responsible for Cross-reactivity in the Rapid Diagnostic Test for Lymphatic Filariasis	Unknown status	NCT04258670
10	Studies on the Epidemiology and Control of Mansonella Perstans Infection in Uganda	Completed	NCT00215280		ivermectin and albendazole
11	Host Response to Infection and Treatment in the Filarial Diseases of Humans	Recruiting	NCT00001230
12	Evaluation of the Diagnosis Performances of DEC LTS-2 Skin Patch for Onchocerciasis in Central Africa	Not yet recruiting	NCT04035174

Search NIH Clinical Center for Loiasis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: loiasis

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Genetic Tests for Loiasis

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Anatomical Context for Loiasis

Organs/tissues related to Loiasis:

MalaCards : Eye, Skin, Bone Marrow, Spleen, T Cells, Bone, Liver

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Publications for Loiasis

Articles related to Loiasis:

(show top 50) (show all 576)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon. ⁶²	Pryce J...Reimer L	36322515	2022
2	A large case series of travel-related Mansonella perstans (vector-borne filarial nematode): a TropNet study in Europe. ⁶²	Tamarozzi F...Gobbi FG	35417002	2022
3	Loiasis from where you don't expect it: an illustrative case of misled diagnosis. ⁶²	Nicolini AL...Gobbi FG	35532187	2022
4	Imported occult loiasis: diagnostic algorithm proposal for a difficult diagnosis. ⁶²	Gerber V...Brunet J	35032386	2022
5	A call for loiasis to be added to the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases. ⁶²	Jacobsen KH...Williams AS	35500592	2022
6	Misleading eosinophil counts in migration-associated malaria: do not miss hidden helminthic co-infections. ⁶²	Castillo-Fernandez N...Salas-Coronas J	35934309	2022
7	Distinct loiasis infection states and associated clinical and hematological manifestations in patients from Gabon. ⁶²	Veletzky L...Ramharter M	36121900	2022
8	The impact of Loa loa microfilaraemia on research subject retention during a whole sporozoite malaria vaccine trial in Equatorial Guinea. ⁶²	Manock SR...Hoffman SL	35394038	2022
9	Safety and Efficacy of Levamisole in Loiasis: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Trial. ⁶²	Campillo JT...Chesnais C	34651190	2022
10	Comparison of three PCR-based methods to detect Loa loa and Mansonella perstans in long-term frozen storage dried blood spots. ⁶²	Ta-Tang TH...Benito A	35653502	2022
11	Loa loa in the Vitreous Cavity of the Eye: A Case Report and State of Art. ⁶²	Pallara E...Di Gennaro F	35914685	2022
12	Semiannual Treatment of Albendazole Alone is Efficacious for Treatment of Lymphatic Filariasis: A Randomized Open-label Trial in Cote d'Ivoire. ⁶²	Ouattara AF...King CL	33674871	2022
13	Spleen nodules in Loa loa infection: re-emerging knowledge and future perspectives. ⁶²	Tamarozzi F...Gobbi F	35219405	2022
14	Vector control and entomological capacity for onchocerciasis elimination. ⁶²	Tirados I...Basanez MG	35379556	2022
15	Human Filariasis in Travelers and Migrants: A Retrospective 25-year Analysis at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. ⁶²	Bottieau E...Soentjens P	34463732	2022
16	Characterization of a novel microfilarial antigen for diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infections. ⁶²	Greene SE...Weil GJ	35604906	2022
17	Colorimetric and Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for Detection of Loa loa DNA in Human Blood Samples. ⁶²	Febrer-Sendra B...Muro A	35626235	2022
18	A novel series of putative Brugia malayi histone demethylase inhibitors as potential anti-filarial drugs. ⁶²	Kreiss T...Siekierka J	35294431	2022
19	Lessons from Large-Scale Tolerability and Acceptability Studies of Triple Drug Mass Drug Administration Performed to Support Policy Change and Accelerate Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis. ⁶²	Weil GJ...Krentel A	35292585	2022
20	Atypical imported loiasis characterised by recurrent anaemia in a patient from China. ⁶²	Luo X...Luo X	35092801	2022
21	Geostatistical modelling enables efficient safety assessment for mass drug administration with ivermectin in Loa loa endemic areas through a combined antibody and LoaScope testing strategy for elimination of onchocerciasis. ⁶²	Johnson O...Diggle PJ	35139080	2022
22	Evaluation of LAMP for the diagnosis of Loa loa infection in dried blood spots compared to PCR-based assays and microscopy. ⁶²	Ta-Tang TH...Benito A	35170676	2022
23	Loiasis and diurnal microfilaremia: searching at the right moment. ⁶²	Musumeci S...Eperon G	34718684	2022
24	Loiasis is endemic in the Ndikinimeki Health District (Centre Region, Cameroon) but does not represent a hindrance to onchocerciasis elimination. ⁶²	Sumo L...Nana Djeunga HC	34755644	2022
25	The Human Filaria Loa loa: Update on Diagnostics and Immune Response. ⁶²	Dieki R...Akue JP	35936385	2022
26	Advancing a Human Onchocerciasis Vaccine From Antigen Discovery to Efficacy Studies Against Natural Infection of Cattle With Onchocerca ochengi. ⁶²	Zhan B...Lustigman S	35444961	2022
27	Current perspective of new anti-Wolbachial and direct-acting macrofilaricidal drugs as treatment strategies for human filariasis. ⁶²	Ehrens A...Hubner MP	35463816	2022
28	Human filariasis-contributions of the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae animal model. ⁶²	Risch F...Hubner MP	33547508	2021
29	Evaluation of the in vitro susceptibility of various filarial nematodes to emodepside. ⁶²	Hubner MP...Kulke D	34339934	2021
30	An Integrated District Mapping Strategy for Loiasis to Enable Safe Mass Treatment for Onchocerciasis in Gabon. ⁶²	Ella SN...Atsame J	34781262	2021
31	Immunomodulatory Therapy for the Management of Loiasis. ⁶²	Coyle C...Weiss LM	33326992	2021
32	A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Pilot Study of Single-dose Humanized Anti-IL5 Antibody (Reslizumab) for the Reduction of Eosinophilia Following Diethylcarbamazine Treatment of Loa loa Infection. ⁶²	Legrand F...Klion AD	32910141	2021
33	Loiasis. ⁶²	Kalbitz S...Grunewald T	34449182	2021
34	'Slash and clear' vector control for onchocerciasis elimination and epilepsy prevention: a protocol of a cluster randomised trial in Cameroonian villages. ⁶²	Siewe Fodjo JN...Njamnshi AK	34475178	2021
35	Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy. ⁶²	Mischlinger J...Ramharter M	34398886	2021
36	Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update. ⁶²	Chai JY...Hong SJ	34218593	2021
37	Unusual Localization of Blood-Borne Loa loa Microfilariae in the Skin Depends on Microfilarial Density in the Blood: Implications for Onchocerciasis Diagnosis in Coendemic Areas. ⁶²	Niamsi-Emalio Y...Kamgno J	33909066	2021
38	Genome editing as control tool for filarial infections. ⁶²	Kwarteng A...Ahuno ST	33581654	2021
39	A Case of Possible Loiasis Contracted in Cameroon and Diagnosed in Milan, Italy, and Review of Cases Published in Dermatological Journals. ⁶²	Lunardon L...Veraldi S	34413738	2021
40	Serious adverse reactions associated with ivermectin: A systematic pharmacovigilance study in sub-Saharan Africa and in the rest of the World. ⁶²	Campillo JT...Chesnais CB	33878105	2021
41	Preliminary comparison between an in-house real-time PCR vs microscopy for the diagnosis of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans. ⁶²	Formenti F...Gobbi F	33484727	2021
42	Infection-associated Immune Perturbations Resolve 1 Year Following Treatment for Loa loa. ⁶²	Herrick JA...Nutman TB	32055862	2021
43	IL-10 and Its Related Superfamily Members IL-19 and IL-24 Provide Parallel/Redundant Immune-Modulation in Loa loa Infection. ⁶²	Ricciardi A...Nutman TB	32561912	2021
44	Diagnosis of Ocular Loiasis in a Patient from a Dirofilaria-Endemic Area. ⁶²	Kumar A...Shashindran N	34431952	2021
45	An Adult Loa loa Worm in the Upper Eyelid: An Atypical Presentation of Loiasis in the United States. ⁶²	Rodriguez L...Couser NL	33959400	2021
46	Why onchocerciasis transmission persists after 15 annual ivermectin mass drug administrations in South-West Cameroon. ⁶²	Forrer A...Taylor MJ	33431378	2021
47	Computational Design and Preliminary Serological Analysis of a Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate against Onchocerciasis and Related Filarial Diseases. ⁶²	Shey RA...Souopgui J	33494344	2021
48	Validation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of Loa loa infection in Chrysops spp in experimental and natural field conditions. ⁶²	Amambo GN...Wanji S	33407819	2021
49	An Overview of the Management of Mansonellosis. ⁶²	Ta-Tang TH...Rubio JM	34079424	2021
50	The efficacy and safety of Ivermectin in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. ⁶²	Hosseini FS...Fathalipour M	33397429	2021

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Genes for Loiasis

Genes related to Loiasis (0 elite genes):

(show all 12)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	IL10	Interleukin 10	Protein Coding	12.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	CCL3	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3	Protein Coding	11.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	STH	Saitohin	Protein Coding	6.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
4	POP7	POP7 Homolog, Ribonuclease P/MRP Subunit	Protein Coding	6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
5	IL5	Interleukin 5	Protein Coding	5.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
6	CRIPT	CXXC Repeat Containing Interactor Of PDZ3 Domain	Protein Coding	5.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
7	IL4	Interleukin 4	Protein Coding	5.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
8	IL13	Interleukin 13	Protein Coding	5.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
9	ADGRL1	Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor L1	Protein Coding	5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	TXNRD3	Thioredoxin Reductase 3	Protein Coding	4.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	EPX	Eosinophil Peroxidase	Protein Coding	4.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
12	CCL11	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11	Protein Coding	4.75	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

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Variations for Loiasis

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Expression for Loiasis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Loiasis.

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Pathways for Loiasis

Pathways related to Loiasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 25)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶⁴ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶⁴ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶⁴ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶⁴ IL-6 Pathway ⁶⁴ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶⁴ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶⁴ Overview of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators ⁷⁴ PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶⁴ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶⁴ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶⁴ STAT3 Pathway ⁶⁴	13.4	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3 CCL11
2	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶⁴ JNK Pathway ⁶⁴ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶⁴ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶⁴ SOCS Pathway ⁶⁴	13.32	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3 CCL11
3	Akt Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁴ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁴	13.2	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3 CCL11
4	PAK Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁴ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁴	13.13	CCL11 CCL3 IL10 IL13 IL4 IL5
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁶	13.12	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3 CCL11
6	Overview of interferons-mediated signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Mediated Apoptosis ⁶⁴ Cytokine Network ⁶⁴ Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway ²² Interferon alpha/beta signaling ⁶⁶ Jak/STAT Signaling Pathway ⁶⁵ Regulation of IFNA/IFNB signaling ⁶⁶ Type III interferon signaling ⁷⁴	12.42	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
7	T-cell activation SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴ Show member pathways T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) pathway during Staphylococcus aureus infection ⁷⁴	11.96	IL5 IL4 IL10
8	Neuroinflammation and glutamatergic signaling ⁷⁴	11.91	IL4 IL13 IL10
9	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling ⁶⁶	11.84	IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL11
10	Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	11.82	IL10 IL4 IL5
11	Allograft rejection ⁷⁴	11.76	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
12	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ⁶¹	11.63	IL5 IL4 IL13
13	AP-1 transcription factor network ⁶¹	11.56	IL5 IL4 IL10
14	IL4-mediated signaling events ⁶¹	11.51	IL5 IL4 IL10 CCL11
15	Inflammatory bowel disease signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Ulcerative colitis signaling ⁷⁴	11.48	IL10 IL13 IL4 IL5
16	Innate Lymphoid Cells Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.46	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3
17	Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family ⁷⁴	11.22	IL5 IL4 IL13
18	Lung fibrosis ⁷⁴	11.15	IL5 IL4 IL13 CCL3 CCL11
19	Inflammatory response pathway ⁷⁴	11.14	IL5 IL4
20	Cytokines and inflammatory response ⁷⁴	11.13	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
21	Immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer ⁷⁴	11.05	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
22	OX40 Pathway ⁶⁴	10.97	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10
23	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²²	10.86	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3 CCL11
24	IL-9 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁵	10.71	IL5 IL4 IL13
25	Th2 Differentiation ⁶⁵	10.68	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL11

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GO Terms for Loiasis

Biological processes related to Loiasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of B cell proliferation	GO:0030890	9.85	IL5 IL4 IL13
2	eosinophil chemotaxis	GO:0048245	9.78	CCL3 CCL11
3	positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	GO:0045348	9.76	IL4 IL10
4	positive regulation of mast cell degranulation	GO:0043306	9.73	IL4 IL13
5	type 2 immune response	GO:0042092	9.71	IL4 IL10
6	negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	GO:2000352	9.63	IL4 IL13 IL10
7	regulation of isotype switching	GO:0045191	9.62	IL10 IL4
8	negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity	GO:1903660	9.56	IL4 IL13
9	positive regulation of immunoglobulin production	GO:0002639	9.43	IL5 IL13 IL10
10	immune response	GO:0006955	9.28	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3 CCL11

Molecular functions related to Loiasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.32	IL5 IL4 IL13 IL10 CCL3 CCL11

Sources

Sources for Loiasis

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: LSS001 MIFTS: 44	Loiasis Categories: Infectious diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases, Skin diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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