Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

CDC: ² LBRF is caused by a spiral-shaped bacteria, Borrelia recurrentis, which is transmitted from human to human by the body louse. LBRF outbreaks most commonly occur in conditions of overcrowding and social disruption. LBRF epidemics occurred frequently in Europe during the early 20th Century. Between 1919 and 1923, 13 million cases resulting in 5 million deaths occurred in the social upheaval that overtook Russia and eastern Europe. During World War II, a million cases occurred in North Africa. Today, LBRF causes sporadic illness and outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in regions affected by war and in refugee camps. LBRF is commonly found in Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea, and Somalia. Illness can be severe, with mortality of 30 to 70% in outbreaks.

MalaCards based summary: Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever, also known as relapsing fever, louse-borne, is related to relapsing fever and tick-borne relapsing fever, and has symptoms including tachycardia, tachypnea and lymphadenopathy. An important gene associated with Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever is C4B (Complement C4B (Chido Blood Group)), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and Complement cascade. Affiliated tissues include heart, and related phenotypes are Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) and renal/urinary system

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A relapsing fever that is characterized by relapsing or recurring episodes of fever, has material basis in Borrelia recurrentis, which is transmitted by body louse (Pediculus humanus). The infection has symptom tachypnea, has symptom tachycardia, has symptom hepatosplenomegaly and has symptom lymphadenopathy.

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Related Diseases for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Diseases related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 76)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	relapsing fever	30.9	YBX3 CYP26A1 CFH C4B C4A C3
2	tick-borne relapsing fever	30.8	YBX3 TMEM115 SERPING1 CYP26A1 C4B C4A
3	lyme disease	30.3	YBX3 CFH C4A C3
4	pediculus humanus corporis infestation	11.4
5	exanthem	10.5
6	myocarditis	10.5
7	typhoid fever	10.4
8	ocular motor apraxia	10.2
9	malaria	10.2
10	epidemic typhus	10.2
11	disseminated intravascular coagulation	10.2
12	adult respiratory distress syndrome	10.2
13	pulmonary edema	10.2
14	bronchopneumonia	10.2
15	hypolipoproteinemia	10.2
16	plasmodium falciparum malaria	10.2
17	leptospirosis	10.2
18	splenic infarction	10.2
19	plague	10.2
20	syphilis	10.2
21	brain edema	10.2
22	severe combined immunodeficiency	10.2
23	leishmaniasis	10.2
24	visceral leishmaniasis	10.2
25	cytokine deficiency	10.2
26	splenomegaly	10.2
27	proliferative glomerulonephritis	10.2	CFH C3
28	juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis	10.2	C4B C4A
29	atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with complement gene abnormality	10.1	CFH C3
30	c3 glomerulopathy	10.1	CFH C3
31	epilepsy, familial temporal lobe, 2	10.1	C4B C4A
32	central serous chorioretinopathy	10.1	CFH C4B
33	d-minus hemolytic uremic syndrome	10.1	CFH C3
34	monkeypox	10.1	C4B C4A
35	cataract 23, multiple types	10.1	CFH C3
36	acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis	10.1	CFH C3
37	immune-complex glomerulonephritis	10.0	CFH C3
38	chronic venous insufficiency	10.0	C4B C4A
39	retinal drusen	10.0	CFH C3
40	complement factor i deficiency	10.0	C4B C4A C3
41	hypersensitivity reaction type iii disease	10.0	C4B C4A C3
42	alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency	10.0	SERPING1 C4B C4A
43	afibrinogenemia, congenital	10.0	C4B C4A C3
44	histoplasmosis	10.0	CFH C3
45	aseptic meningitis	10.0	C4B C4A
46	systemic lupus erythematosus 16	10.0	C4A C1R
47	complement component 2 deficiency	10.0	CFH C4B C4A
48	iga glomerulonephritis	9.9	CFH C4A C3
49	acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans	9.9	YBX3 CYP26A1 C4B
50	angioedema, hereditary, 3	9.9	SERPING1 C1S

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Symptoms:

¹¹

• tachycardia
• tachypnea

• lymphadenopathy
• hepatosplenomegaly

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁵ (show all 15)

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-107	10.02	C4A C4B SERPING1
2	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-137	10.02	CYP26A1
3	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-161	10.02	C4A C4B
4	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-180	10.02	CYP26A1
5	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-214	10.02	CYP26A1
6	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-216	10.02	SERPING1
7	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-29	10.02	CYP26A1
8	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-32	10.02	SERPING1
9	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-42	10.02	SERPING1
10	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-43	10.02	C4A C4B SERPING1
11	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-45	10.02	SERPING1
12	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-49	10.02	SERPING1
13	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-50	10.02	SERPING1
14	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-63	10.02	C4A C4B
15	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-8	10.02	C4A C4B

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.56	C3 C4A C4B CFH CYP26A1 SERPING1
2	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	9.02	C3 C4A C4B CYP26A1 YBX3

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Search Clinical Trials, NIH Clinical Center for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

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Genetic Tests for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

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Anatomical Context for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Organs/tissues related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever:

MalaCards : Heart

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Publications for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Articles related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever:

(show top 50) (show all 124)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Bioactive phytocompounds against specific target proteins of Borrelia recurrentis responsible for louse-borne relapsing fever: Genomics and structural bioinformatics evidence. ⁶²	Basu S...Anbarasu A	36377635	2022
2	Historical overview and update on relapsing fever group Borrelia in Latin America. ⁶²	Faccini-Martinez AA...Munoz-Leal S	35676728	2022
3	A Comparative Study of Body Lice and Bed Bugs Reveals Factors Potentially Involved in Differential Vector Competence for the Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia recurrentis. ⁶²	Potts R...Pietri JE	35384689	2022
4	Tick borne relapsing fever - a systematic review and analysis of the literature. ⁶²	Jakab A...Neumayr A	35171908	2022
5	Novel approaches for the serodiagnosis of louse-borne relapsing fever. ⁶²	Rottgerding F...Kraiczy P	36204641	2022
6	Borreliae Part 2: Borrelia Relapsing Fever Group and Unclassified Borrelia. ⁶²	Trevisan G...Bonin S	34827110	2021
7	Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Clinically Relevant Relapsing Fever Borrelia with Semimultiplex Real-Time PCR. ⁶²	Dietrich EA...Petersen JM	33910966	2021
8	The First Immunocompetent Mouse Model of Strictly Human Pathogen, Borrelia recurrentis. ⁶²	Rogovskyy AS...Threadgill DW	33875475	2021
9	Acute infection as cause of hospitalization of asylum-seeking children and adolescents in Stockholm, Sweden 2015-2016. ⁶²	Hertting O...Eriksson M	32974759	2021
10	Louse-borne relapsing fever-A systematic review and analysis of the literature: Part 2-Mortality, Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, impact on pregnancy. ⁶²	Kahlig P...Paris DH	33705387	2021
11	Louse-borne relapsing fever-A systematic review and analysis of the literature: Part 1-Epidemiology and diagnostic aspects. ⁶²	Kahlig P...Neumayr A	33705384	2021
12	Testing the Competence of Cimex lectularius Bed Bugs for the Transmission of Borrelia recurrentis, the Agent of Relapsing Fever. ⁶²	El Hamzaoui B...Parola P	30938280	2019
13	Louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis infection). ⁶²	Warrell DA	30869050	2019
14	Genomic blueprint of a relapsing fever pathogen in 15th century Scandinavia. ⁶²	Guellil M...Bramanti B	30249639	2018
15	Infectious disease profiles of Syrian and Eritrean migrants presenting in Europe: A systematic review. ⁶²	Isenring E...Schlagenhauf P	29702253	2018
16	Outbreak of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever among Urban Dwellers in Arsi Zone, Central Ethiopia, from July to November 2016. ⁶²	Nordmann T...Haussinger D	29692298	2018
17	Screening for infectious diseases among newly arrived asylum seekers, Bavaria, Germany, 2015. ⁶²	Ackermann N...Sing A	29536830	2018
18	Diagnosis of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever despite Negative Microscopy in Two Asylum Seekers from Eastern Africa. ⁶²	Antinori S...Mediannikov O	29016302	2017
19	First insights in the variability of Borrelia recurrentis genomes. ⁶²	Marosevic D...Fingerle V	28902847	2017
20	Louse-borne relapsing fever in a refugee from Mali. ⁶²	Grecchi C...Castelli F	28161771	2017
21	[A Somali refugee with fever and abnormal blood smear]. ⁶²	Jochum J...Schmiedel S	27822621	2017
22	Louse-borne relapsing fever in Finland in two asylum seekers from Somalia. ⁶²	Hytonen J...Oksi J	27859692	2017
23	Fourth case of louse-borne relapsing fever in Young Migrant, Sicily, Italy, December 2015. Mini Review Article. ⁶²	Colomba C...Cascio A	27340042	2016
24	[Louse-borne-relapsing-fever in refugees from the Horn of Africa; a case series of 25 patients]. ⁶²	Seilmaier M...Strobel E	27404939	2016
25	[Relapsing fever: an almost forgotten disease in focus again]. ⁶²	Wieser A...Fingerle V	27404930	2016
26	Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever with Meningeal Involvement in an Immigrant from Somalia to Italy, October 2015. ⁶²	Zammarchi L...Bartoloni A	26938933	2016
27	Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever (Borrelia recurrentis) in a Somali Refugee Arriving in Italy: A Re-emerging Infection in Europe? ⁶²	Antinori S...Rimoldi SG	27149282	2016
28	Louse-borne relapsing fever - report of four cases in Switzerland, June-December 2015. ⁶²	Osthoff M...Goldenberger D	27188655	2016
29	[European migrant crisis and reemergence of infections in Switzerland]. ⁶²	Jaton L...Merz L	27263151	2016
30	Louse-borne relapsing fever among East African refugees in Europe. ⁶²	Antinori S...Raoult D	26872415	2016
31	Louse-borne relapsing fever in a refugee from Somalia arriving in Belgium. ⁶²	Darcis G...Leonard P	27356309	2016
32	Louseborne Relapsing Fever among East African Refugees, Italy, 2015. ⁶²	Lucchini A...Di Perri G	26812354	2016
33	High Prevalence of Infectious Diseases and Drug-Resistant Microorganisms in Asylum Seekers Admitted to Hospital; No Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae until September 2015. ⁶²	Ravensbergen SJ...Stienstra Y	27144599	2016
34	Louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis) in an Eritrean refugee arriving in Switzerland, August 2015. ⁶²	Goldenberger D...Osthoff M	26290486	2015
35	Louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis) in asylum seekers from Eritrea, the Netherlands, July 2015. ⁶²	Wilting KR...Grundmann H	26250069	2015
36	Louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis) diagnosed in 15 refugees from northeast Africa: epidemiology and preventive control measures, Bavaria, Germany, July to October 2015. ⁶²	Hoch M...Fingerle V	26538532	2015
37	Real-time monitoring of disease progression in rhesus macaques infected with Borrelia turicatae by tick bite. ⁶²	Lopez JE...Embers ME	24879799	2014
38	Prevalence and risk factors of louse-borne relapsing fever in high risk populations in Bahir Dar city Northwest, Ethiopia. ⁶²	Yimer M...Mohammed J	25196787	2014
39	Louse-borne relapsing fever profile at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia: a retrospective study. ⁶²	Yimer M...Abera B	24742342	2014
40	Transmission dynamics of Borrelia turicatae from the arthropod vector. ⁶²	Boyle WK...Lopez JE	24699275	2014
41	Borrelia recurrentis in head lice, Ethiopia. ⁶²	Boutellis A...Raoult D	23648147	2013
42	Louse and tick borne relapsing fevers. ⁶²	El-Bahnsawy MM...Morsy TA	23469636	2012
43	Comparison of antibiotic regimens for treating louse-borne relapsing fever: a meta-analysis. ⁶²	Guerrier G...Doherty T	21803390	2011
44	Does RecA have a role in Borrelia recurrentis? ⁶²	Cutler SJ...Bonilla EM	20456459	2011
45	Population structure of East African relapsing fever Borrelia spp. ⁶²	Cutler SJ...Singh RJ	20587177	2010
46	Human complement regulators C4b-binding protein and C1 esterase inhibitor interact with a novel outer surface protein of Borrelia recurrentis. ⁶²	Grosskinsky S...Wallich R	20532227	2010
47	Relapsing fever--a forgotten disease revealed. ⁶²	Cutler SJ	19886891	2010
48	A novel animal model of Borrelia recurrentis louse-borne relapsing fever borreliosis using immunodeficient mice. ⁶²	Larsson C...Bergstrom S	19787030	2009
49	New concepts for the old challenge of African relapsing fever borreliosis. ⁶²	Cutler SJ...Trape JF	19489922	2009
50	Louse-borne relapsing fever in Ethiopian children: experience of a rural hospital. ⁶²	Ramos JM...Tesfamariam A	19211422	2009

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Genes for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Genes related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	C4B	Complement C4B (Chido Blood Group)	Protein Coding	5.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
2	C3	Complement C3	Protein Coding	5.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
3	SERPING1	Serpin Family G Member 1	Protein Coding	5.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
4	C4A	Complement C4A (Rodgers Blood Group)	Protein Coding	5.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
5	CFH	Complement Factor H	Protein Coding	5.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
6	CYP26A1	Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1	Protein Coding	4.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
7	TMEM115	Transmembrane Protein 115	Protein Coding	4.95	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
8	C1R	Complement C1r	Protein Coding	4.84	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
9	C1S	Complement C1s	Protein Coding	4.73	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	YBX3	Y-Box Binding Protein 3	Protein Coding	4.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

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Variations for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

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Expression for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever.

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Pathways for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Pathways related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Innate Immune System ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁶ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁶	13.53	SERPING1 CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S
2	Complement cascade ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Activation of C3 and C5 ⁶⁶ Classical Complement Pathway ⁶⁴ Complement Pathway ⁶⁴ Complement system ⁷⁴ Complement system in neuronal development and plasticity ⁷⁴ Lectin Induced Complement Pathway ⁶⁴ Regulation of Complement cascade ⁶⁶	12.26	SERPING1 CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S
3	Defects of contact activation system (CAS) and kallikrein/kinin system (KKS) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Blood clotting cascade ⁷⁴ Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Common Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation ⁶⁶ Complement and coagulation cascades ⁷⁴ Defective F8 binding to von Willebrand factor ⁶⁶ Defective F8 cleavage by thrombin ⁶⁶ Defective F8 sulfation at Y1699 ⁶⁶ Defective F9 activation ⁶⁶ Defective F9 secretion ⁶⁶ Defective factor IX causes hemophilia B ⁶⁶ Defective factor VIII causes hemophilia A ⁶⁶ Defective factor XII causes hereditary angioedema ⁶⁶ Defective gamma-carboxylation of F9 ⁶⁶ Diseases of hemostasis ⁶⁶ Extrinsic Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation ⁶⁶ Extrinsic Prothrombin Activation Pathway ⁶⁴ Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) ⁶⁶ Intrinsic Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation ⁶⁶ Thrombin/protease-activated receptor (PAR) pathway ⁶¹	12.19	C1R C1S C3 C4B CFH SERPING1
4	Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Post-translational protein phosphorylation ⁶⁶	12	C4B C4A C3
5	Allograft rejection ⁷⁴	11.55	C4B C4A C3
6	Initial triggering of complement ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Alternative complement activation ⁶⁶ Alternative Complement Pathway ⁶⁴ Classical antibody-mediated complement activation ⁶⁶ Complement activation ⁷⁴ Complement Activation Pathways ⁶⁷ Creation of C4 and C2 activators ⁶⁶ Ficolins bind to repetitive carbohydrate structures on the target cell surface ⁶⁶ Lectin pathway of complement activation ⁶⁶	11.49	CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S C1R
7	Extrafollicular B cell activation by SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴	11.4	C4B C4A C3
8	Immune response Lectin induced complement pathway ²² Show member pathways Immune response Alternative complement pathway ²² Immune response Classical complement pathway ²² Terminal pathway of complement ⁶⁶	11.2	SERPING1 CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S
9	Oxidative damage response ⁷⁴	11.1	C4B C1S C1R

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GO Terms for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

Cellular components related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	10	SERPING1 CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.77	SERPING1 CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S
3	blood microparticle	GO:0072562	9.44	SERPING1 CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S

Biological processes related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	innate immune response	GO:0045087	10.1	SERPING1 CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S
2	negative regulation of endopeptidase activity	GO:0010951	9.97	SERPING1 C4B C4A C3
3	positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance	GO:2000427	9.73	C3 C4A C4B
4	complement activation, classical pathway	GO:0006958	9.73	SERPING1 C4B C4A C3 C1S C1R
5	complement activation, alternative pathway	GO:0006957	9.71	CFH C3
6	immune system process	GO:0002376	9.7	SERPING1 CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S
7	complement activation	GO:0006956	9.32	CFH C4B C4A C3 C1S C1R

Molecular functions related to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endopeptidase inhibitor activity	GO:0004866	9.1	C4B C4A C3

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Sources for Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

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⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

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¹¹ Disease Ontology

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¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

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¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: LSB001 MIFTS: 33	Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Categories: Infectious diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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