Macular Holes disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: MCL003 MIFTS: 40	Macular Holes Categories: Eye diseases, Neuronal diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Macular Holes

MalaCards integrated aliases for Macular Holes:

Name: Macular Holes ¹² ⁵⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁷ ⁷¹

Macular Hole ¹² ¹⁵

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Eye diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:7633

MeSH ⁴³ D012167

NCIt ⁴⁹ C34795

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 232006002

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_1001028

UMLS ⁷¹ C0024441

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Summaries for Macular Holes

MalaCards based summary : Macular Holes, also known as macular hole, is related to retinal detachment and retinal disease. An important gene associated with Macular Holes is TGFB2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling. The drugs Ranibizumab and Verteporfin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, retina and endothelial.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ A macular hole is a small break in the macula, located in the center of the eye's light-sensitive tissue... more...

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Related Diseases for Macular Holes

Diseases related to Macular Holes via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 219)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	retinal detachment	32.1	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 RS1
2	retinal disease	32.1	RS1 RPE65 OPTC CRYAA
3	scotoma	31.5	VEGFA RPE65 KCNMA1
4	retinal vein occlusion	31.3	VEGFA SERPINF1 ANGPT2
5	microvascular complications of diabetes 5	31.2	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 CRYAA ANGPT2
6	microvascular complications of diabetes 1	31.2	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 ANGPT2
7	myopia	31.2	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 OPTC CRYAA
8	macular retinal edema	31.1	VEGFA SERPINF1 KCNMA1 CRYAA ANGPT2
9	uveitis	31.1	TGFB2 SERPINF1 CRYAA
10	endophthalmitis	31.0	VEGFA RPE65 CRYAA
11	intraocular pressure quantitative trait locus	30.5	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 CRYAA
12	vitreous syneresis	30.5	RS1 OPTC
13	kuhnt-junius degeneration	30.3	VEGFA FAM187A CRYAA ANGPT2
14	exudative vitreoretinopathy 1	30.2	VEGFA SERPINF1 CRYAA ANGPT2
15	retinal vascular disease	30.2	VEGFA SERPINF1 FN1 CRYAA ANGPT2
16	vitreoretinopathy, neovascular inflammatory	30.2	VEGFA TGFB2 RPE65 FN1 CRYAA ADM
17	branch retinal artery occlusion	30.1	VEGFA CRYAA
18	keratitis, hereditary	30.0	VEGFA MIF CRYAA
19	preretinal fibrosis	30.0	VEGFA TGFB2 FN1 ANGPT2
20	retinal vascular occlusion	29.9	VEGFA SERPINF1 KCNMA1 CRYAA
21	stargardt disease	29.9	RS1 RPE65 KCNMA1
22	vitreous detachment	29.9	VEGFA OPTC LHFPL5 KCNMA1 FN1 FAM187A
23	neovascular glaucoma	29.9	VEGFA TGFB2 RS1 CRYAA
24	melanoma, uveal	29.7	VEGFA TGFB2 MIR93 MIR9-1 CRYAA
25	central retinal artery occlusion	29.6	VEGFA CRYAA
26	open-angle glaucoma	29.5	TGFB2 OPTC CRYAA
27	eye disease	28.8	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 RS1 RPE65 MIR93
28	macular degeneration, age-related, 1	28.8	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 RS1 RPE65 OPTC
29	retinal perforation	28.3	VEGFA RS1 RPE65 OPTC FN1 DHDH
30	joint laxity, short stature, and myopia	11.0
31	cataract	10.8
32	retinoschisis 1, x-linked, juvenile	10.7
33	refractive error	10.7
34	vitreoretinopathy	10.6
35	neuroretinitis	10.6
36	microvascular complications of diabetes 2	10.6
37	retinitis	10.6
38	telangiectasis	10.5
39	retinitis pigmentosa	10.5
40	alport syndrome	10.4
41	47,xyy	10.4
42	lipodermatosclerosis	10.4	VEGFA ANGPT2
43	chorioretinitis	10.4
44	diabetic macular edema	10.4
45	coats disease	10.4
46	central retinal vein occlusion	10.4
47	eales disease	10.3	VEGFA SERPINF1
48	epithelioid cell melanoma	10.3	MIR93 MIR9-1 MIR374A
49	coloboma of macula	10.3
50	vitelliform macular dystrophy	10.3

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Macular Holes:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Macular Holes

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Macular Holes

Drugs for Macular Holes (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 87)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Ranibizumab

Approved

Phase 4

347396-82-1

459903

Verteporfin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

129497-78-5

Dexamethasone

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-02-2

5743

Dexamethasone acetate

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

1177-87-3

Fentanyl

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

437-38-7

3345

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

59467-70-8

4192

Propofol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

2078-54-8

4943

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

137-58-6

3676

Triazolam

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

28911-01-5

5556

Bupivacaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

2180-92-9, 38396-39-3

2474

Prednisolone phosphate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

302-25-0

Methylprednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

83-43-2

6741

Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate

Approved

Phase 4

2921-57-5

Levofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

100986-85-4

149096

Prednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-24-8

5755

Prednisolone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

52-21-1

Ofloxacin

Approved

Phase 4

82419-36-1

4583

Prednisolone hemisuccinate

Experimental

Phase 4

2920-86-7

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Phase 4

Dermatologic Agents

Phase 4

Photosensitizing Agents

Phase 4

Anesthetics

Phase 4

Hormones

Phase 4

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 4

Ophthalmic Solutions

Phase 4

Antiemetics

Phase 4

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 4

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 4

glucocorticoids

Phase 4

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 4

Proxymetacaine

Phase 4

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Phase 4

BB 1101

Phase 4

Methylprednisolone Acetate

Phase 4

Neuroprotective Agents

Phase 4

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 4

Protective Agents

Phase 4

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 4

Nepafenac

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

78281-72-8

151075

Hyaluronic acid

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

9004-61-9

53477741

Diclofenac

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

15307-86-5

3033

Dinoprostone

Approved

Phase 3

363-24-6

5280360

Bromfenac

Approved

Phase 3

91714-94-2

60726

Indomethacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

53-86-1

3715

Lutein

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 3

127-40-2

6433159

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 3

Fibrinolytic Agents

Phase 3

Plasminogen

Phase 3

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Phase 3

Analgesics

Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 140)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	A Randomized, Comparative, Prospective Study of Anatomical Outcomes With Different Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling Area in Surgery for Idiopathic Macular Hole	Completed	NCT02930369	Phase 4
2	Impact of Different Fluidic Parameters on Development of Cystoid Macular Edema Following Phacoemulsification	Completed	NCT01385852	Phase 4
3	Intravitreal Aflibercept (VEGF Trap-Eye) in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration With Limited Response to Ranibizumab	Completed	NCT02309281	Phase 4	aflibercept 2mg
4	A Randomized, Double-masked, Multicenter, Controlled Study of Effects of Internal Membrane Peeling Surgery in Patients With Idiopathic Macular Hole Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography.	Recruiting	NCT02905409	Phase 4
5	Cohort Study of the Clinical Course of Macular Diseases in Kagawa (Kagawa Macula Cohort Study)	Recruiting	NCT02321267	Phase 4	ranibizumab, aflibercept, pegaptanib, verteporphin
6	Comparative Analysis of Oral Sedation Versus Standard Intravenous Sedation in Vitreoretinal Surgery With Topical Anesthesia and Sub-tenon's Block	Not yet recruiting	NCT04346095	Phase 4	Oral Sedatives with or Without Analgesia;Intravenous Sedatives with or Without Analgesia
7	Intracanalicular Dexamethasone Insert for Management of Post-operative Pain and Inflammation in Patients Undergoing Vitreoretinal Surgery	Not yet recruiting	NCT04371445	Phase 4	Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Insert;Prednisolone Acetate 1% Oph Susp
8	A Randomized Study Comparing Brilliant Blue and Indocyanine Green as Intravitreal Dye in Macular Pucker and Macular Hole	Unknown status	NCT01083004	Phase 3
9	Safety and Efficacy of Double Staining With Brilliant Blue G for Macular Surgery	Unknown status	NCT01820520	Phase 3	brilliant blue G
10	Fingerprick Fresh Blood for Treatment of Chronic Corneal Ulcers, Persistent Epithelial Defects and Dry Eyes	Unknown status	NCT02153515	Phase 3
11	A Randomized, Sham-controlled, Double-masked, Multicenter Study Evaluating Ocriplasmin Treatment for Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion Including Macular Hole	Completed	NCT01429441	Phase 3	Ocriplasmin
12	A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double-masked, Multicenter Trial of Microplasmin Intravitreal Injection for Non-surgical Treatment of Focal Vitreomacular Adhesion.	Completed	NCT00798317	Phase 3	Ocriplasmin 125µg;Placebo
13	A Phase III Study of A01016 125μg Intravitreal Injection in Subjects With Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion - Comparison Study to Sham Injection	Completed	NCT01889251	Phase 3	Ocriplasmin;Sham injection
14	A Descriptive Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Dye Compound of the Combination of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Brilliant Blue in Chromovitrectomy	Completed	NCT01627977	Phase 3
15	Vitreous pge2 Level Changes After Topical Administration of Diclofenac 0.1%, Nepafenac 0.3%, Indomethacin 0.5% and Bromfenac 0.09% in Vitrectomy Patients	Completed	NCT03597867	Phase 3	Dicloftil;Nevanac;Indom;Yellox
16	Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing the Effects of Pneumatic Vitreolysis on Vitreomacular Traction	Active, not recruiting	NCT03647267	Phase 3
17	Analysis of Vitreous and Aqueous Humor for Ocular Growth Factors, Cytokines, Chemokines, and Ranibizumab Pharmacokinetics Associated With Various Retinal Disease	Unknown status	NCT02067013	Phase 2	Ranibizumab
18	Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Diabetic Fibrovascular Proliferation With and Without Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling	Unknown status	NCT00556244	Phase 1, Phase 2
19	Resolution of Vitreomacular Adhesion (VMA) Associated With Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) With Intravitreal Microplasmin	Unknown status	NCT00996684	Phase 2	Microplasmin;Placebo control
20	A Dose-escalation Clinical Trial of Intravitreal Microplasmin in Patients Undergoing Surgical Vitrectomy for Vitreomacular Traction Maculopathy	Completed	NCT00123279	Phase 2	Microplasmin
21	REVOLUTIONARY: REtinal Vein OccLUsion Treatment With Scatter Laser Guided by Ultra Widefield angIOgraphy in combiNAtion With Ranibizumab Study Phase II	Completed	NCT01247220	Phase 2	Ranibizumab
22	Single-Arm Study Assessing the Effects of Pneumatic Vitreolysis on Macular Hole	Active, not recruiting	NCT03677869	Phase 2
23	A Prospective, Multi-Center, Single-Dose, Phase 1 Clinical Trial Designed to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Dexamethasone Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution Delivered Via the EyeGate® II Drug Delivery System in Patients Undergoing Vitrectomy for Macular Hole Repair or Epiretinal Membrane Peeling	Completed	NCT02644694	Phase 1	Dexamethasone Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution
24	The Intravitreal Autologous Platelet Concentrate Injection as an Adjunct of Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Refractory Macular Holes	Unknown status	NCT02081170
25	Surgical Inverted ILM Repositioning as Autologous Dressing for Idiopathic Full Thickness Macular Holes Treatment	Unknown status	NCT01228188
26	Macular Hole Surgery With and Without Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling：A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	Unknown status	NCT01687829
27	A Single Center, Randomized and Controlled Clinical Study of Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Insertion Combined With Air Tamponade in the Treatment of Macular Hole Retinal Detachment in High Myopia	Unknown status	NCT03383731
28	Dissociated Optic Nerve Fiber Layer Appearance and Retinal Sensitivity After Macular Hole Surgery With Temporal Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique	Unknown status	NCT03287102
29	Early Vitrectomy for Impending Macular Hole. Multicenter Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT01121965
30	Comparison of Postoperative Aqueous Flare After 20G Versus 23G Pars Plana Vitrectomy	Unknown status	NCT01969929
31	Early Vitrectomy for Macular Tractional Maculopathy. Multicenter Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT01121978
32	Intravitreous CytokinE Level in pAtient With retiNal Detachment	Unknown status	NCT03318588
33	Evaluation Use Optical Coherence Tomography - Rescan During Dissection of Macular Membranes : Pre and Post Operative Aspects	Unknown status	NCT02748421
34	Comparison of Two Techniques for Epiretinal or Internal Limiting Membrane Peel.	Unknown status	NCT00892619
35	A Multimodal Approach Towards an Objective Assessment of Macular Function at Retinal and Cortical Levels	Unknown status	NCT03517241
36	Vitreopapillary Traction and Optic Disc Morphology in Healthy Subjects, Vitreomacular Traction Patients and Glaucoma Patients	Unknown status	NCT02290795
37	Double Endotamponade With Perfluorodecalin and Silicone Oil in Retinal Detachment Surgery: Randomised Clinical Trial of Safety	Unknown status	NCT01959568
38	Outcome of Surgery for Idiopathic Macular Holes	Completed	NCT02895594
39	Preoperative Progression of Macular Holes Using Optical Coherence Tomography	Completed	NCT02203929
40	Membranepeeling With Brillant Blue Versus Membranepeeling With Indocyanine Green for Patients With Idiopathic Macular Holes.	Completed	NCT00757471
41	Long-term Outcome of Idiopathic Macular Hole Surgery	Completed	NCT00941291
42	A Randomized Clinical Trial of Face-down Protocol Versus Non-face-down Protocol After Surgery for Macular Holes.	Completed	NCT01974310
43	Fundus Autofluorescence Images in Gas-filled Eyes Immediately After Macular Hole Surgery	Completed	NCT02628262
44	Study of the Anatomic and Visual Outcomes in Patients With Initially Closed Macular Holes After Vitreoretinal Surgery	Completed	NCT01229657
45	The Application of M-charts and Microperimetry for the Assessment of Visual Function in Patients After Vitrectomy Due to the Full Thickness Macular Hole.	Completed	NCT03701542
46	Foveal Cone Outer Segment Resumption to Predict Visual Recovery After Macular Hole Surgery	Completed	NCT01381965
47	Correlation Between Visual Acuity and Recovery of Foveal Cone Microstructures After Macular Hole Surgery	Completed	NCT01306487
48	Human Amniotic Membrane Plug for Large Macular Holes	Completed	NCT03917602
49	Transposition of Internal Limiting Membrane in the Treatment of Macular Holes. A Descriptive Pilot Study	Completed	NCT02946372
50	Air Tamponade in Macular Holes < 400 μm	Completed	NCT02028481

Search NIH Clinical Center for Macular Holes

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Genetic Tests for Macular Holes

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Anatomical Context for Macular Holes

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Macular Holes:

⁴⁰

Eye, Retina, Endothelial, Testes, Whole Blood, Cortex, Breast

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Publications for Macular Holes

Articles related to Macular Holes:

(show top 50) (show all 4380)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Ratio of the vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelial-derived factor in Eales disease. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Angayarkanni N...Tombran-Tink J	20072643	2009
2	Differential expression of vitreous proteins in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Kim SJ...Kim Y	16531280	2006
3	Angiopoietin concentrations in diabetic retinopathy. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Patel JI...Cree IA	15774928	2005
4	Elevated adrenomedullin in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Ito S...Ishibashi T	12566874	2003
5	Unbalanced vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic retinopathy. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Ogata N...Matsumura M	12208245	2002
6	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in ocular fluids of patients with uveitis. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Taguchi C...Mochizuki M	11673308	2001
7	Intravitreal invading cells contribute to vitreal cytokine milieu in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	El-Ghrably IA...Tighe PJ	11264138	2001
8	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Mitamura Y...Nishihira J	10837392	2000
9	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Mitamura Y...Nishihira J	10612518	1999
10	Elevated adrenomedullin in the vitreous of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Udono T...Tamai M	10612519	1999
11	Comparison of recombinant transforming growth factor-beta-2 and placebo as an adjunctive agent for macular hole surgery. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Thompson JT...Abrams GW	9544645	1998
12	Surgical management of macular holes: results using gas tamponade alone, or in combination with autologous platelet concentrate, or transforming growth factor beta 2. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Minihan M...Cleary PE	9497468	1997
13	[Surgical management of complete macular foramina]. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Liesenhoff O...Kampik A	9081519	1996
14	Clinicopathologic correlation of an untreated macular hole and a macular hole treated by vitrectomy, transforming growth factor-beta 2, and gas tamponade. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Rosa RH...Green WR	8956640	1996
15	Closure of persistent macular holes with human recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 2. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Kozy DW...Maberley AL	8804755	1996
16	Vitrectomy, fluid-gas exchange and transforming growth factor--beta-2 for the treatment of traumatic macular holes. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Rubin JS...Murphy RP	9098285	1995
17	Progression of nuclear sclerosis and long-term visual results of vitrectomy with transforming growth factor beta-2 for macular holes. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	West S	7785710	1995
18	Progression of nuclear sclerosis and long-term visual results of vitrectomy with transforming growth factor beta-2 for macular holes. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Thompson JT...Murphy RP	7825689	1995
19	Idiopathic macular hole: a clinical review and current concepts in the diagnosis and management. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Cavallerano AA...Woodcome HT	7852702	1994
20	Effects of intraocular bubble duration in the treatment of macular holes by vitrectomy and transforming growth factor-beta 2. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Thompson JT...Hanham A	8035983	1994
21	Fluorescein angiographic characteristics of macular holes before and after vitrectomy with transforming growth factor beta-2. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Thompson JT...Sjaarda RN	8129001	1994
22	Full-thickness macular holes treated with vitrectomy and tissue glue. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Tilanus MA...Deutman AF	7642336	1994
23	Retreatment of full-thickness macular holes persisting after prior vitrectomy. A pilot study. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Ie D...Gordon LW	8259275	1993
24	The effect of pars plana vitrectomy and transforming growth factor-beta 2 without epiretinal membrane peeling on full-thickness macular holes. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Lansing MB...Gordon AJ	8510899	1993
25	Transforming growth factor-beta 2 significantly enhances the ability to flatten the rim of subretinal fluid surrounding macular holes. Preliminary anatomic results of a multicenter prospective randomized study. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Smiddy WE...Murphy RP	8115729	1993
26	Transforming growth factor-beta 2 for the treatment of full-thickness macular holes. A prospective randomized study. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Glaser BM...Pena RA	1495798	1992
27	FOVEA-SPARING VERSUS COMPLETE INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING IN VITRECTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF MACULAR HOLES. ⁶¹	Morescalchi F...Semeraro F	31274710	2020
28	INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUES AND OUTER RETINAL LAYER STRUCTURES. ⁶¹	Faria MY...Marques-Neves C	31259810	2020
29	PATIENT-REPORTED VISUAL FUNCTION FROM THE OCRIPLASMIN FOR TREATMENT FOR SYMPTOMATIC VITREOMACULAR ADHESION, INCLUDING MACULAR HOLE (OASIS) STUDY. ⁶¹	Mein C...Fineman MS	31259807	2020
30	EVALUATION OF ACCURACY AND UNIFORMITY OF THE NOMENCLATURE OF VITREORETINAL INTERFACE DISORDERS. ⁶¹	Benyamini S...Moisseiev E	31180986	2020
31	Minimal internal limiting membrane peeling with ILM flap technique for idiopathic macular holes: a preliminary study. ⁶¹	Hu Z...Xie P	32539696	2020
32	Spontaneous closure of small full-thickness macular holes: Presumed role of Müller cells. ⁶¹	Bringmann A...Wiedemann P	31654489	2020
33	Surgical technique for approaching chronic or persistent macular holes: Two case reports. ⁶¹	Zas M...Saravia M	32322749	2020
34	The new Myopic Traction Maculopathy Staging System. ⁶¹	Parolini B...Frisina R	32506945	2020
35	OCRIPLASMIN FOR VITREOMACULAR TRACTION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: The INJECT Study. ⁶¹	Steel DHW...Kozma-Wiebe P	32496343	2020
36	A customized posterior scleral reinforcement for myopic macular hole with retinal detachment and posterior staphyloma: A case report. ⁶¹	Frisina R	32508137	2020
37	Contributing ocular comorbidity to end-of-life visual acuity in medically treated glaucoma patients, ocular hypertension and glaucoma suspect patients. ⁶¹	Mokhles P...Webers CAB	32494040	2020
38	Novel use of Finesse Flex loop for macular hole retinal detachment. ⁶¹	Kubota M...Nakano T	32346652	2020
39	B-HEX pupil expander in vitreoretinal surgery - A case series. ⁶¹	Chakraborty D...Bhaumik A	32461476	2020
40	Central posterior lens capsule used instead of inverted ILM flap: a clinic-pathological case report. ⁶¹	Vogt D...Wolf A	32568960	2020
41	Posterior pole retinal tears following blunt ocular trauma. ⁶¹	Ayalon A...Rubowitz A	32154440	2020
42	Spontaneous late reopening of a successfully operated and closed full-thickness macular hole. ⁶¹	Arora S...Mittal C	32195442	2020
43	Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Macular Hole in Patients Aged 80 Years or Older: Efficacy and Safety. ⁶¹	Wang J...Wang Z	31747306	2020
44	High-Throughput MicroRNA Profiling of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Vitreous and Serum MicroRNA Profiles Distinct from Uveitis. ⁶¹	Minezaki T...Goto H	32545709	2020
45	Two cases with retinitis pigmentosa that developed severe retinal atrophy long after vitreo-retinal surgery. ⁶¹	Miura G...Yamamoto S	32420512	2020
46	Management of Full-Thickness Macular Hole in A Genetically Confirmed Case with Usher Syndrome. ⁶¹	Panagiotou ES...Konstas AG	32566994	2020
47	LAMELLAR MACULAR HOLES IN THE PRESENCE OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. ⁶¹	Francone A...Hubschman JP	31145390	2020
48	Spontaneous closure of secondary eccentric macular holes following vitreoretinal surgery. ⁶¹	Venkatesh R...Yadav NK	32541438	2020
49	Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy with macular hole. ⁶¹	Hirawat RS...Divakar MM	32461465	2020
50	Intraocular tumour necrosis factor ligand related molecule 1 A links disease progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after primary vitrectomy. ⁶¹	Wang T...Yan H	32064668	2020

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Genes for Macular Holes

Genes related to Macular Holes (0 elite genes):

(show all 23)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	TGFB2	Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2	Protein Coding	15.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	9544645 7825689 8956640 (more) 9098285 8129001 8035983 8804755 8259275 1495798 7642336 8510899 9497468 8115729 7785710 9081519 7852702
2	SERPINF1	Serpin Family F Member 1	Protein Coding	12.72	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	20072643 12208245
3	PTGDS	Prostaglandin D2 Synthase	Protein Coding	9.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	16531280
4	ANGPT2	Angiopoietin 2	Protein Coding	9.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	15774928
5	MIR374A	MicroRNA 374a	RNA Gene	8.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ ¹⁵
6	MIF	Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor	Protein Coding	8.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	10612518 10837392 11673308
7	MIR93	MicroRNA 93	RNA Gene	7.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ ¹⁵
8	VEGFA	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A	Protein Coding	7.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	ALOX5AP	Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein	Protein Coding	7.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
10	MIR9-1	MicroRNA 9-1	RNA Gene	7.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ ¹⁵
11	ADM	Adrenomedullin	Protein Coding	6.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	10612519 12566874
12	KCNMA1	Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily M Alpha 1	Protein Coding	6.76	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	RPE65	Retinoid Isomerohydrolase RPE65	Protein Coding	6.73	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	RS1	Retinoschisin 1	Protein Coding	6.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
15	LHFPL5	LHFPL Tetraspan Subfamily Member 5	Protein Coding	6.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
16	OPTC	Opticin	Protein Coding	6.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
17	CRYAA	Crystallin Alpha A	Protein Coding	6.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ ¹⁵
18	FN1	Fibronectin 1	Protein Coding	6.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
19	FAM187A	Family With Sequence Similarity 187 Member A	Protein Coding	6.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
20	DHDH	Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase	Protein Coding	6.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
21	RLBP1	Retinaldehyde Binding Protein 1	Protein Coding	5.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
22	CCL2	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2	Protein Coding	5.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
23	PLG	Plasminogen	Protein Coding	5.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

Sources

Variations for Macular Holes

Sources

Expression for Macular Holes

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Macular Holes.

Sources

Pathways for Macular Holes

Pathways related to Macular Holes according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications ³⁶	11.13	VEGFA TGFB2 FN1
2	Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling ²²	10.49	VEGFA TGFB2 FN1

Sources

GO Terms for Macular Holes

Cellular components related to Macular Holes according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.65	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 RS1 PTGDS OPTC
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.36	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 RS1 PTGDS MIR93
3	platelet alpha granule lumen	GO:0031093	9.33	VEGFA TGFB2 FN1

Biological processes related to Macular Holes according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	prostaglandin biosynthetic process	GO:0001516	9.37	PTGDS MIF
2	negative regulation of gene expression	GO:0010629	9.35	VEGFA TGFB2 SERPINF1 MIR93 MIF
3	response to wounding	GO:0009611	9.33	TGFB2 FN1 ADM
4	protein homotrimerization	GO:0070207	9.32	MIF ALOX5AP
5	neural retina development	GO:0003407	9.26	TGFB2 RPE65
6	response to hypoxia	GO:0001666	9.02	VEGFA TGFB2 KCNMA1 ANGPT2 ADM

Sources

Sources for Macular Holes

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia