Genetics Home Reference
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MED13L syndrome is a developmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, and minor differences in facial features. Additionally, some people with this condition have recurrent seizures (epilepsy) or heart abnormalities that are present from birth (congenital heart defects).
MED13L
Intellectual disability and developmental delay are usually moderate to severe in people with MED13L syndrome. Weak muscle tone (hypotonia) and delayed development of motor skills, such as sitting, standing, and walking, are early symptoms of the condition. After learning to walk, some affected individuals continue to have difficulty with coordination and balance (ataxia). Speech is also delayed, and most people with this condition develop only a few words or never learn to talk. People with MED13L syndrome may exhibit features typical of autism spectrum disorder, including repetitive behaviors and difficulty with social interactions.
MED13L
MED13L
Most people with MED13L syndrome have unusual facial features that consist of a depressed nasal bridge, a bulbous nasal tip, straight eyebrows, outside corners of the eyes that point upward (upslanting palpebral fissures), full cheeks, and an open mouth. Other facial features that sometimes occur are a pronounced double curve of the upper lip (Cupid's bow), and a deep space between the nose and upper lip (philtrum).
MED13L
Different congenital heart defects can occur in MED13L syndrome. Affected individuals may have transposition of the great arteries, which is abnormal positioning of the large blood vessel that distributes blood from the heart to the rest of the body (aorta) and the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs (the pulmonary artery). Other congenital heart defects in MED13L syndrome include a hole between the two lower chambers of the heart (ventricular septal defect), a hole between the two upper chambers of the heart (patent foramen ovale), or a particular combination of heart defects known as tetralogy of Fallot.
MED13L
MED13L
MalaCards based summary
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Med13l Haploinsufficiency Syndrome, also known as
intellectual disability and distinctive facial features with or without cardiac defects, is related to
alacrima, achalasia, and mental retardation syndrome and
mental retardation and distinctive facial features with or without cardiac defects. An important gene associated with Med13l Haploinsufficiency Syndrome is
MED13L (Mediator Complex Subunit 13L). Affiliated tissues include
heart,
eye and
lung, and related phenotype is
Decreased cell number.
NIH Rare Diseases
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MED13L haploinsufficiency syndrome is a genetic syndrome that causes intellectual disability, speech problems, and behavioral problems. People with the syndrome usually have distinctive facial features, such as eyes that slant upwards, a flat nasal bridge with a bulb-like tip, very small chin (micrognathia), large and lowset ears, and broad forehead. Most children with the syndrome have poor muscle tone (hypotonia) and may take longer to learn to sit and walk independently (delayed motor skills). Some babies with MED13L haploinsufficiency syndrome are born with heart defects, which may be mild or severe. Other features may include short stature, cleft palate, problems with coordination (ataxia), and recurrent seizures (epilepsy). MED13L haploinsufficiency syndrome is caused by changes (pathogenic variants, also called mutations) in the MED13L gene. Diagnosis may be suspected due to distinctive facial features, speech delay, and intellectual disability, but must be confirmed by genetic testing. There is no cure or specific treatment for MED13L haploinsufficiency syndrome. Treatment depends on the types and severity of the medical, developmental, and behavioral problems affecting the person with the syndrome and may include heart surgery and therapies such as speech, occupational, and behavioral therapy.
