Home
User Guide
What's in a MalaCard Search Guide Our Sources
Analysis Tools
GeneCards GeneAnalytics GeneAlaCart PathCards VarElect
News and Views Disease Lists/Categories
About
About MalaCards Datasets Our Publications Weizmann Institute LifeMap Discovery® Terms of Use MalaCards Team
MCID: MLN003
MIFTS: 41

Melancholia

Categories: Mental diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Melancholia

About this section

MalaCards integrated aliases for Melancholia:

Name: Melancholia 12 15 17 71

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:2848
MeSH 44 D003866
NCIt 50 C34812
SNOMED-CT 67 35489007
UMLS 71 C0025193
Sources

Summaries for Melancholia

About this section
MalaCards based summary : Melancholia is related to thyroiditis and diabetes insipidus. An important gene associated with Melancholia is CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Serotonergic synapse and Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling. The drugs Dopamine and Citalopram have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pituitary, thyroid and brain, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and cardiovascular system

Wikipedia : 74 Melancholia (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole "black bile", "blackness of the bile" also Latin... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Melancholia

About this section

Diseases related to Melancholia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 474)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 thyroiditis 29.9 TNF IL6 CRP
2 diabetes insipidus 29.9 PRL POMC CRH AVPR1B
3 constipation 29.6 SLC6A4 LOC110806262 IL6 CRP BDNF
4 inherited metabolic disorder 29.6 TNF POMC IL6 CRP
5 depression 29.5 SLC6A4 PRL MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRH
6 kleptomania 29.5 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A
7 personality disorder 29.2 SLC6A4 PRL MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRH
8 tobacco addiction 29.2 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A CRH BDNF
9 bipolar i disorder 29.2 SLC6A4 HTR2A HTR1A BDNF
10 hypochondriasis 29.1 SLC6A4 POMC HTR2A HTR1A BDNF
11 mood disorder 28.9 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA IL6 HTR2A HTR1A
12 adjustment disorder 28.7 SLC6A4 POMC HTR2A HTR1A CRH BDNF
13 sexual disorder 28.7 SLC6A4 PRL POMC HTR2A HTR1A BDNF
14 mental depression 28.7 TNF SLC6A4 POMC MAOA IL6 HTR2A
15 endogenous depression 28.7 TRH TNF SLC6A4 PRL POMC MAOA
16 generalized anxiety disorder 28.7 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRP BDNF
17 alcohol dependence 28.6 TNF SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2A HTR1A
18 bipolar disorder 28.5 TNF SLC6A4 PRL MAOA IL6 HTR2A
19 borderline personality disorder 28.5 SLC6A4 PRL MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRH
20 agoraphobia 28.5 SLC6A4 MAOA LOC110806262 HTR2A HTR1A CRH
21 fibromyalgia 28.4 TNF SLC6A4 POMC IL6 HTR2A CRP
22 heart disease 28.3 TNF SLC6A4 POMC IL6 HTR2A HP
23 dysthymic disorder 28.3 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA IL6 HTR2A HTR1A
24 atypical depressive disorder 28.3 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA IL6 HTR2A HTR1A
25 neurotic disorder 28.3 TNF SLC6A4 POMC MAOA IL6 HTR2A
26 major depressive disorder 28.1 TNF SLC6A4 PRL POMC MAOA LHPP
27 chronic fatigue syndrome 27.7 TNF SLC6A4 POMC MAOA IL6 HTR2A
28 substance abuse 27.4 TF SLC6A4 PRL POMC MAOA IL6
29 anxiety 27.2 TNF SLC6A4 PRL POMC MAOA IL6
30 drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms 10.4 TNF CRP
31 acquired angioedema 10.4 HP CRP
32 anterior scleritis 10.4 TNF CRP
33 rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease 10.4 TNF CRP
34 posterior scleritis 10.4 TNF CRP
35 skeletal tuberculosis 10.4 TNF CRP
36 meningovascular neurosyphilis 10.4 TNF CRP
37 mediastinum teratoma 10.4 POMC CRP
38 critical illness polyneuropathy 10.4 TNF CRP
39 louse-borne relapsing fever 10.4 TNF CRP
40 pyometritis 10.4 PRL HP
41 opportunistic bacterial infectious disease 10.4 TNF CRP
42 haemophilus influenzae 10.3 TNF TF
43 tuberculum sellae meningioma 10.3 PRL POMC
44 sella turcica neoplasm 10.3 PRL POMC
45 tertiary syphilis 10.3 TNF CRP
46 nocardiosis 10.3 TNF CRP
47 major affective disorder 8 10.3
48 major affective disorder 9 10.3
49 prolactin producing pituitary tumor 10.3 PRL POMC
50 soft tissue sarcoma 10.3 TNF CRP

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Melancholia:



Diseases related to Melancholia
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Melancholia

About this section

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Melancholia:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.13 AVPR1B BDNF CRH HTR1A HTR2A IL6
2 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 9.96 CRP HP HTR1A IL6 MAOA POMC
3 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 9.85 AVPR1B BDNF CRH HTR2A IL6 POMC
4 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 9.8 AVPR1B BDNF CRH CRP HP HTR1A
5 nervous system MP:0003631 9.4 AVPR1B BDNF CRH HTR1A IL6 MAOA
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Melancholia

About this section

Drugs for Melancholia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 37)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Dopamine Approved Phase 4 51-61-6, 62-31-7 681
2
Citalopram Approved Phase 4 59729-33-8 2771
3
Paroxetine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 61869-08-7 43815
4
Mirtazapine Approved Phase 4 85650-52-8, 61337-67-5 4205
5
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 51-45-6, 75614-87-8 774
6
Norepinephrine Approved Phase 4 51-41-2 439260
7
Fluoxetine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 54910-89-3 3386
8
Sertraline Approved Phase 4 79617-96-2 68617
9
Bupropion Approved Phase 4 34911-55-2, 34841-39-9 444
10
Nortriptyline Approved Phase 4 72-69-5 4543
11 Dopamine Agents Phase 4
12 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Phase 4
13 Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Phase 4
14 Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors Phase 4
15 Adrenergic Antagonists Phase 4
16 Vilazodone Hydrochloride Phase 4 163521-08-2
17 Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors Phase 4
18 Duloxetine Hydrochloride Phase 4
19 Histamine Antagonists Phase 4
20
Histamine Phosphate Phase 4 51-74-1 65513
21 Histamine H1 Antagonists Phase 4
22 Desvenlafaxine Succinate Phase 4 386750-22-7
23 Analgesics Phase 4
24 Adrenergic Agents Phase 4
25 Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists Phase 4
26 Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic Phase 4
27
Risperidone Approved, Investigational Phase 3 106266-06-2 5073
28 Dopamine Antagonists Phase 3
29 Antipsychotic Agents Phase 3
30
Fluvoxamine Approved, Investigational Phase 2 54739-18-3 3404 5324346
31 Neurotransmitter Agents Phase 2
32 Psychotropic Drugs Phase 2
33 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Phase 2
34 Antidepressive Agents Phase 2
35 Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors Phase 2
36 Anti-Anxiety Agents Phase 2
37
Serotonin Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 2 50-67-9 5202

Interventional clinical trials:


# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Effects of Treatment on Decision-making in Major Depression Completed NCT01916824 Phase 4 Any FDA Approved Antidepressant
2 Antidepressant Treatment of Melancholia in Late :Ife Completed NCT00000378 Phase 4 Sertraline;Nortriptyline
3 A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Maintenance Effect of Risperidone Augmentation of SSRI Monotherapy in Young and Older Adult Patients With Unipolar Treatment-Resistant Depression Completed NCT00044681 Phase 3 risperidone
4 Serotonin Transporter Density in Late-life Depression With and Without Dementia Completed NCT01548937 Phase 2 I-123 ADAM
5 A Clinical Trial of Fluvoxamine for Melancholia Recruiting NCT04160377 Phase 2 Fluvoxamine

Search NIH Clinical Center for Melancholia

Sources

Genetic Tests for Melancholia

About this section
Sources

Anatomical Context for Melancholia

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Melancholia:

40
Pituitary, Thyroid, Brain, Cortex, Eye, Prefrontal Cortex, Amygdala
Sources

Publications for Melancholia

About this section

Articles related to Melancholia:

(show top 50) (show all 1401)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
An alternative approach to future diagnostic standards for major depressive disorder. 61
33049324 2021
2
Melancholia as a DSM-5 specifier or a separate category? 61
33387745 2021
3
Melancholia defined with the precision of a machine. 61
33401125 2021
4
Kraepelin's final views on manic-depressive Illness. 61
33601743 2021
5
A comprehensive review on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, ‎pharmacology, and toxicology of the Mandragora genus; from folk ‎medicine to the modern. 61
33535944 2021
6
Validation of the new DSM-5-TR criteria for prolonged grief disorder and the PG-13-Revised (PG-13-R) scale. 61
33432758 2021
7
Melancholia: dimensional or categorical? 61
33007630 2021
8
Menopausal symptoms in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: prevalence, severity, and associated factors. 61
33470756 2021
9
Antidepressant responses in direct comparisons of melancholic and non-melancholic depression. 61
32900262 2020
10
Creativity and Psychopathology: An Interdisciplinary View. 61
33326984 2020
11
Carving depression at its joints? Psychometric properties of the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index. 61
32854032 2020
12
Wearable technology to assess bradykinesia and immobility in patients with severe depression undergoing electroconvulsive therapy: A pilot study. 61
32798772 2020
13
The origin of our modern concept of mania in texts from 1780 to 1900. 61
32034292 2020
14
Do Hamilton depression scale items have the capacity to differentiate melancholic and non-melancholic depressive sub-types? 61
32663928 2020
15
Effects of Psychoactive Massage in Outpatients with Depressive Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Mixed-Methods Study. 61
32993175 2020
16
Hair cortisol in patients with a depressive episode treated with electroconvulsive therapy. 61
32664015 2020
17
Melancholia: does this ancient concept have contemporary utility? 61
32172612 2020
18
The Origin of Our Modern Concept of Depression-The History of Melancholia From 1780-1880: A Review. 61
31995137 2020
19
COVID-19 and Melancholia: Different Perception of the Concept of Stigma and Loss. 61
33193779 2020
20
Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (SMPI): translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese. 61
33084802 2020
21
The ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of genus Albizia: A review. 61
32278761 2020
22
Tracing the Roots of Dementia Praecox: The Emergence of Verrücktheit as a Primary Delusional-Hallucinatory Psychosis in German Psychiatry From 1860 to 1880. 61
32514545 2020
23
Dreyfus and the shift of melancholia in Kraepelin's textbooks from an involutional to a manic-depressive illness. 61
32275219 2020
24
Pseudo-melancholia. 61
32157900 2020
25
Survival of Melancholia: a Retrospective Study of Patients with Depressive Disorders. 61
32611825 2020
26
Wild melancholy. On the historical plausibility of a black bile theory of blood madness, or hæmatomania. 61
31969026 2020
27
The characteristic signs and symptoms of mania and depression according to Kraepelin circa 1905: a comparison with DSM-III. 61
32364088 2020
28
Study of efficacy and safety of Jiaotai pill in the treatment of depression. 61
32358376 2020
29
Prediction of Antidepressant Treatment Outcome Using Event-Related Potential in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. 61
32375213 2020
30
Melancholic versus Nonmelancholic Major Depression Compared. 61
32217259 2020
31
The biological face of melancholia: Are there any reliable biomarkers for this depression subtype? 61
32217262 2020
32
The dynamics of grief and melancholia. 61
32238967 2020
33
Melancholic Versus Non-Melancholic Depression: a Prospective Study. 61
32229643 2020
34
Acylcarnitine metabolomic profiles inform clinically-defined major depressive phenotypes. 61
32056779 2020
35
Increased Serum Immunoglobulin Responses to Gut Commensal Gram-Negative Bacteria in Unipolar Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder Type 1, Especially When Melancholia Is Present. 61
31802379 2020
36
Differences in the immune-inflammatory profiles of unipolar and bipolar depression. 61
31693974 2020
37
Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder. 61
32953039 2020
38
Cerebral Impaludation - An Ignoble Procedure between Two Nobel Prizes: Frontal Lobe Lesions before the Introduction of Leucotomy. 61
32320974 2020
39
Sleep, insomnia, and depression. 61
31071719 2020
40
Switching antidepressants in the treatment of major depression: When, how and what to switch to? 61
31630037 2020
41
Melancholia as Predictor of Electroconvulsive Therapy Outcome in Later Life. 61
31764445 2019
42
Has Oedipus Murdered His Parents? Distinguishing Between "Killing" and "Murdering" One's Parent as Promoting Psychic Growth Versus Melancholia. 61
31526312 2019
43
Melancholia: An Attempt at Definition Based on a Review of Empirical Data. 61
31464990 2019
44
Pre-Kraepelin Names for Mental Disorders. 61
30720602 2019
45
[The melancholy of the philosopher in the Intercenales (1424-1439)]. 61
31859971 2019
46
Results of the European Group for the Study of Resistant Depression (GSRD) - basis for further research and clinical practice. 61
31340696 2019
47
Hormonal Dynamics Effect of Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Cortisol/Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Ratio on Symptom Severity of Major Depressive Disorder. 61
31211752 2019
48
Emotional asymmetries in refractory medial temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy: Their impact on predicting lateralization and localization of seizures. 61
30981983 2019
49
Transitions across Melancholia States in a Climate Model: Reconciling the Deterministic and Stochastic Points of View. 61
31050495 2019
50
Lost to Himself: Narcissus and Freud's Theory of Narcissism Reinterpreted. 61
30977705 2019
Sources

Variations for Melancholia

About this section
Sources

Expression for Melancholia

About this section
Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Melancholia.
Sources

Pathways for Melancholia

About this section

Pathways related to Melancholia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Serotonergic synapse 36
11.73 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A HTR1A
2
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 65
11.68 TNF POMC MAOA IL6
3
Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network 1
11.6 PRL POMC IL6
4
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
11.43 TNF TF SLC6A4 MAOA IL6 HTR2A
5
amb2 Integrin signaling 1
11.31 TNF IL6 HP
6
Monoamine Transport 1
Show member pathways
 11.24 TNF SLC6A4 MAOA
7
Development_Leptin signaling via JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades 23
Show member pathways
 11.06 TRH POMC CRP
8
Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
Show member pathways
 10.79 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A
9
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
10.7 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A HTR1A
10
Overview of nanoparticle effects 1
10.61 TNF IL6 CRP
11
EV release from cardiac cells and their functional effects 1
10.45 TNF PRL
12
Glucocorticoid Pathway (HPA Axis), Pharmacodynamics 60
10.32 POMC CRH
Sources

GO Terms for Melancholia

About this section

Cellular components related to Melancholia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.61 TNF TF PRL POMC IL6 HP
2 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.32 TRH TNF TF PRL POMC IL6

Biological processes related to Melancholia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 14)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 signal transduction GO:0007165 10.06 TRH PRL POMC IL6 HTR2A HTR1A
2 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 9.91 PRL IL6 HTR2A HTR1A CRH
3 positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 9.88 TNF SLC6A4 IL6 CRP CRH
4 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation GO:0033138 9.7 TNF IL6 BDNF
5 memory GO:0007613 9.67 SLC6A4 HTR2A BDNF
6 positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response GO:0150078 9.54 TNF IL6
7 acute-phase response GO:0006953 9.54 IL6 HP CRP
8 positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade GO:0046427 9.5 TNF PRL IL6
9 vascular endothelial growth factor production GO:0010573 9.46 TNF IL6
10 serotonin receptor signaling pathway GO:0007210 9.43 HTR2A HTR1A
11 activation of phospholipase C activity GO:0007202 9.43 HTR2A BDNF AVPR1B
12 regulation of serotonin secretion GO:0014062 9.16 HTR1A CRH
13 vasoconstriction GO:0042310 9.13 SLC6A4 HTR1A CRP
14 negative regulation of lipid storage GO:0010888 8.8 TNF IL6 CRP

Molecular functions related to Melancholia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 hormone activity GO:0005179 9.26 TRH PRL POMC CRH
2 serotonin binding GO:0051378 8.8 SLC6A4 HTR2A HTR1A
Sources

Sources for Melancholia

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Content
Loading form....