Microcephaly disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

NINDS: ⁵² Microcephaly is a medical condition in which the circumference of the head is smaller than normal because the brain has not developed properly or has stopped growing. Microcephaly can be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. It is most often caused by genetic abnormalities that interfere with the growth of the cerebral cortex during the early months of fetal development. Babies may also be born with microcephaly if, during pregnancy, their mother abused drugs or alcohol; became infected with a cytomegalovirus, rubella (German measles), varicella (chicken pox) virus, or possibly Zika virus; was exposed to certain toxic chemicals; or had untreated phenylketonuria (PKU, a harmful buildup of the amino acid phenylalanine in the blood). Microcephaly is associated with Down’s syndrome, chromosomal syndromes, and neurometabolic syndromes. With viral-induced brain injury, such as with the Zika virus, there is often widespread tissue and cell death leading to brain shrinkage rather than simply impaired growth. The Zika virus is also associated with retinal lesions in about a third of cases, often leading to blindness. Depending on the severity of the accompanying syndrome, children with microcephaly may have impaired cognitive development, delayed motor functions and speech, facial distortions, dwarfism or short stature, hyperactivity, seizures, difficulties with coordination and balance, and other brain or neurological abnormalities.

MalaCards based summary: Microcephaly, also known as microencephaly, is related to primary autosomal recessive microcephaly and primary microcephaly. An important gene associated with Microcephaly is ASPM (Assembly Factor For Spindle Microtubules), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Cell Cycle, Mitotic and Chromatin Regulation / Acetylation. Affiliated tissues include brain, cortex and fetal brain, and related phenotypes are growth/size/body region and nervous system

GARD: ¹⁹ Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition in which a person's head is significantly smaller than expected based on standardized charts. Some cases of Microcephaly are detected at birth, while others develop in the first few years of life. Some children with Microcephaly have normal intelligence and development. However, Microcephaly can be associated with seizures; developmental delay; intellectual disability; problems with movement and balance; feeding difficulties; hearing loss; and/or vision problems depending on the severity of the condition. Because the growth of the skull is determined by brain growth, the condition often occurs when the brain fails to grow at a normal rate. This may be caused by a variety of genetic abnormalities; exposure to certain viruses (i.e. rubella, toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus), drugs, alcohol, or toxic chemicals during pregnancy; untreated maternal PKU during pregnancy; and/or severe malnutrition during pregnancy.

CDC: ² Microcephaly is a condition where a baby’s head is much smaller than expected. During pregnancy, a baby’s head grows because the baby’s brain grows. Microcephaly can occur because a baby’s brain has not developed properly during pregnancy or has stopped growing after birth, which results in a smaller head size. Microcephaly can be an isolated condition, meaning that it can occur with no other major birth defects, or it can occur in combination with other major birth defects.

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A congenital nervous system abnormality that is characterized by a significantly smaller than normal head in infants.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Microcephaly (from New Latin microcephalia, from Ancient Greek μικρός mikrós "small" and κεφαλή kephalé... more...

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Related Diseases for Microcephaly

Diseases in the Microcephaly family:

Microcephaly, Autosomal Dominant	Microcephaly 1, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 4, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 3, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 6, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 5, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 7, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 8, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 9, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 10, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 11, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 13, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 12, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 14, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 16, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 17, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 18, Primary, Autosomal Dominant	Microcephaly 19, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 20, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 21, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 22, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 23, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 24, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 25, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Microcephaly 26, Primary, Autosomal Dominant	Microcephaly 27, Primary, Autosomal Dominant
Microcephaly 28, Primary, Autosomal Recessive	Microcephaly 29, Primary, Autosomal Recessive
Primary Autosomal Recessive Microcephaly	Primary Microcephaly

Diseases related to Microcephaly via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1892)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	primary autosomal recessive microcephaly	33.9	RTTN MFSD2A KIF11 CDK5RAP2 ASPM ANKLE2
2	primary microcephaly	33.7	RTTN MFSD2A DYRK1A CDK5RAP2 CASK ASPM
3	microcephaly 5, primary, autosomal recessive	33.4	RTTN CDK5RAP2 ASPM ANKLE2
4	microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or mental retardation	33.3	RTTN KIF11
5	microcephaly, autosomal dominant	33.2	KIF11 CDK5RAP2 ASPM
6	microcephaly 13, primary, autosomal recessive	33.2	MFSD2A CDK5RAP2 ASPM ANKLE2
7	microcephaly 17, primary, autosomal recessive	33.1	CDK5RAP2 ASPM ANKLE2
8	neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain imaging abnormalities	33.1	MFSD2A ANKLE2
9	microcephaly 14, primary, autosomal recessive	33.1	RTTN CDK5RAP2 ANKLE2
10	microcephaly 9, primary, autosomal recessive	33.0	CDK5RAP2 ASPM
11	microcephaly 16, primary, autosomal recessive	32.9	MFSD2A ANKLE2
12	microcephaly 10, primary, autosomal recessive	32.9	CDK5RAP2 ANKLE2
13	microcephaly 18, primary, autosomal dominant	32.8	ASPM ANKLE2
14	seckel syndrome	32.7	RTTN NBN CDK5RAP2 ASPM ANKLE2
15	chromosome 16p13.3 deletion syndrome, proximal	32.1	SMC1A KMT2A EP300
16	periventricular nodular heterotopia	32.1	RTTN CDK5RAP2 ASPM
17	cornelia de lange syndrome	32.1	SMC1A NBN KMT2A EP300 ATRX
18	microlissencephaly	32.0	CDK5RAP2 ASPM
19	seckel syndrome 4	31.9	CDK5RAP2 ASPM
20	hypotonia	31.6	VPS13B RTTN GRIN2B ARF3 ANKLE2
21	autism	31.5	SMC1A PQBP1 POGZ KMT2A GRIN2B DYRK1A
22	isolated growth hormone deficiency, type ia	31.4	RTTN CDK5RAP2 ASPM
23	syndromic intellectual disability	31.3	PQBP1 POGZ KMT2A GRIN2B CASK ATRX
24	west syndrome	31.3	SLC2A1 PQBP1 GRIN2B CASK
25	hypertonia	31.0	SMC1A CASK
26	familial isolated trichomegaly	30.4	VPS13B SMC1A KMT2A
27	choreatic disease	30.4	VPS13B SLC2A1 GRIN2B
28	wiedemann-steiner syndrome	30.1	SMC1A KMT2A
29	microcephaly, amish type	11.6
30	mandibulofacial dysostosis, guion-almeida type	11.6
31	microcephaly 1, primary, autosomal recessive	11.5
32	feingold syndrome 1	11.5
33	microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome	11.5
34	nijmegen breakage syndrome	11.5
35	congenital nervous system abnormality	11.5	VPS13B SMC1A SLC2A1 RTTN PQBP1 POGZ
36	microcephaly, postnatal progressive, with seizures and brain atrophy	11.5
37	intellectual developmental disorder with microcephaly and pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia	11.5
38	microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay	11.5
39	stromme syndrome	11.5
40	microcephaly 4, primary, autosomal recessive	11.4
41	achalasia-microcephaly syndrome	11.4
42	microcephaly 2, primary, autosomal recessive, with or without cortical malformations	11.4
43	mehmo syndrome	11.4
44	microcephaly, progressive, with seizures and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy	11.4
45	microcephaly-deafness syndrome	11.4
46	albinism-microcephaly-digital anomalies syndrome	11.4
47	microcephaly, epilepsy, and diabetes syndrome 1	11.4
48	seizures, cortical blindness, and microcephaly syndrome	11.4
49	filippi syndrome	11.4
50	galloway-mowat syndrome 1	11.4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Microcephaly:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Microcephaly

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Microcephaly:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.36	ASPM ATRX CASK CDK5RAP2 DYRK1A EP300
2	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.27	ASPM ATRX CASK CDK5RAP2 DYRK1A EP300
3	cellular	MP:0005384	10.21	ASPM ATRX CASK CDK5RAP2 DYRK1A EP300
4	embryo	MP:0005380	10.1	ATRX DYRK1A EP300 KIF11 KMT2A MFSD2A
5	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.06	ANKLE2 ARF3 ATRX DYRK1A EP300 GRIN2B
6	reproductive system	MP:0005389	9.96	ASPM ATRX CASK CDK5RAP2 DYRK1A KIF11
7	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.81	ANKLE2 ARF3 ATRX CASK CDK5RAP2 EP300
8	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	9.77	ASPM CDK5RAP2 DYRK1A EP300 GRIN2B KMT2A
9	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.58	ANKLE2 ATRX CASK CDK5RAP2 DYRK1A EP300

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Microcephaly

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 19)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase
1	A Phase 1/2 Open-label Intrathecal Administration of MELPIDA to Determine Its Safety and Efficacy for Patients With Spastic Paraplegia Type 50 (SPG50) Caused by Mutation in the AP4M1 Gene.	Not yet recruiting	NCT05518188	Phase 1, Phase 2
2	Vertical Exposure to Zika Virus and Its Consequences for Child Neurodevelopment: Cohort Study in Fiocruz/IFF	Unknown status	NCT03255369
3	Risk Evaluation of Fetal Nervous System and Neurodevelopment Disorders in Infants of Women Exposed to Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy	Unknown status	NCT02943304
4	Identification of New Genes Involved in the Taybi-Linder Syndrome.	Unknown status	NCT03222947
5	Microcephaly Genetic Deficiency in Neural Progenitors: Genotyping, Phenotyping and Functional Neuro-anatomy and Neurobiology Comparative Primitive Microcephaly (MCPH) and the Fanconi Anemia (FA)	Completed	NCT01565005
6	Efficacy of Aquatic Physiotherapy in Stress Level and Muscle Tone of Children Between 3 and 24 Months With Microcephaly by Zika Virus Congenital Syndrome	Completed	NCT03330600
7	Rash Accompanied by Three or More Dengue-like Symptoms During Pregnancy and Microcephaly: Case-control Study	Completed	NCT02741882
8	Intensive Therapy for Children With Microcephaly, Hyperkinetic Movements, or Global Developmental Delay	Completed	NCT04816175
9	Fetal and Maternal Head Circumference During Pregnancy	Completed	NCT02510170
10	Evaluation of Patients With Unresolved Chromosome Aberrations	Completed	NCT00001639
11	The Primordial Dwarfisms: Diagnosis, Identification of the Molecular Basis of Seckel Syndrome and Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II (MOPDII).	Completed	NCT03139903
12	Guangzhou Surveillance and Clinical Study in Microcephaly	Recruiting	NCT03651687
13	The FBRI VTC Neuromotor Research Clinic	Recruiting	NCT03325946
14	Primordial Registry at Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children	Recruiting	NCT04569149
15	Microcephaly at Birth as a Potential Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Infants Weighing 500 Grams or Less: a Retrospective Cohort Study	Active, not recruiting	NCT05322980
16	North Carolina Genomic Evaluation by Next-generation Exome Sequencing, 2	Active, not recruiting	NCT03548779
17	Microcephaly, Fanconi Anemia and Praxial Disorders	Not yet recruiting	NCT04656171
18	Surveillance of Zika-related Microcephaly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia	Terminated	NCT03922594
19	Postnatal HCMV Infection in Very Preterm Infants. Implications on Acute and Chronic Morbidity, Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Part of the Study on "Nutrition, Growth and Development Among Very Preterm Infants".	Withdrawn	NCT01151462

Search NIH Clinical Center for Microcephaly

Cochrane evidence based reviews: microcephaly

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Genetic Tests for Microcephaly

Genetic tests related to Microcephaly:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Microcephaly ²⁸

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Anatomical Context for Microcephaly

Organs/tissues related to Microcephaly:

MalaCards : Brain, Cortex, Fetal Brain, Heart, Spinal Cord, Eye, Cerebellum

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Publications for Microcephaly

Articles related to Microcephaly:

(show top 50) (show all 10494)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Pathogenic variants causing ABL1 malformation syndrome cluster in a myristoyl-binding pocket and increase tyrosine kinase activity. ⁶² ⁵	Blakes AJM...Douglas AGL	33223528	2021
2	Defective tubulin detyrosination causes structural brain abnormalities with cognitive deficiency in humans and mice. ⁶² ⁵	Pagnamenta AT...Moutin MJ	31363758	2019
3	Loss of function of SVBP leads to autosomal recessive intellectual disability, microcephaly, ataxia, and hypotonia. ⁶² ⁵	Iqbal Z...Abou Jamra R	30607023	2019
4	ALG13 X-linked intellectual disability: New variants, glycosylation analysis, and expanded phenotypes. ⁵	Alsharhan H...Sobering AK	33734437	2021
5	A pathogenic UFSP2 variant in an autosomal recessive form of pediatric neurodevelopmental anomalies and epilepsy. ⁵	Ni M...DeBerardinis RJ	33473208	2021
6	Variants in ATP6V0A1 cause progressive myoclonus epilepsy and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. ⁵	Bott LC...Rinaldi C	34909687	2021
7	Whole-genome sequencing of patients with rare diseases in a national health system. ⁵	Turro E...Ouwehand WH	32581362	2020
8	Genes that Affect Brain Structure and Function Identified by Rare Variant Analyses of Mendelian Neurologic Disease. ⁵	Karaca E...Lupski JR	26539891	2015
9	Uncovering microdeletions in patients with severe Glut-1 deficiency syndrome using SNP oligonucleotide microarray analysis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Levy B...De Vivo DC	20382060	2010
10	Mutation analysis of the ASPM gene in 18 Pakistani families with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kousar R...Ansar M	19808985	2010
11	Acquired microcephaly, regression of milestones, mitochondrial dysfunction, and episodic rigidity in a 46,XY male with a de novo MECP2 gene mutation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Condie J...Wainwright MS	20142466	2010
12	Many roads lead to primary autosomal recessive microcephaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kaindl AM...Gressens P	19931588	2010
13	Homozygous DNA ligase IV R278H mutation in mice leads to leaky SCID and represents a model for human LIG4 syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Rucci F...Yan CT	20133615	2010
14	3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency: a case report of a treatable cause of seizures. ⁵³ ⁶²	Coskun T...de Koning TJ	20196394	2009
15	Murine Glut-1 transporter haploinsufficiency: postnatal deceleration of brain weight and reactive astrocytosis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ullner PM...De Vivo DC	19591936	2009
16	A novel mutation in a family with DNA ligase IV deficiency syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Unal S...Gumruk F	19418549	2009
17	Conditional inactivation of the NBS1 gene in the mouse central nervous system leads to neurodegeneration and disorganization of the visual system. ⁵³ ⁶²	Baranes K...Solomon AS	19345213	2009
18	Compound heterozygous ASPM mutations associated with microcephaly and simplified cortical gyration in a consanguineous Algerian family. ⁵³ ⁶²	Saadi A...Chaouch M	19332161	2009
19	Novel mutations in 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) are distributed throughout the protein and result in altered enzyme kinetics. ⁵³ ⁶²	Tabatabaie L...Klomp LW	19235232	2009
20	Mutational inactivation of the nijmegen breakage syndrome gene (NBS1) in glioblastomas is associated with multiple TP53 mutations. ⁵³ ⁶²	Watanabe T...Ohgaki H	19151620	2009
21	The c.940G variant of the Microcephalin (MCPH1) gene is not associated with microcephaly or mental retardation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Maghirang-Rodriguez R...Collins JS	19267414	2009
22	De-novo 2.15 Mb terminal Xq duplication involving MECP2 but not L1CAM gene in a male patient with mental retardation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Velinov M...Brown WT	19090026	2009
23	Gradual reduction of BUBR1 protein levels results in premature sister-chromatid separation then in aneuploidy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Bohers E...Frebourg T	18932004	2008
24	Functional studies of the T295M mutation causing Glut1 deficiency: glucose efflux preferentially affected by T295M. ⁵³ ⁶²	Wang D...De Vivo DC	18614966	2008
25	Cohen syndrome resulting from a novel large intragenic COH1 deletion segregating in an isolated Greek island population. ⁵³ ⁶²	Bugiani M...Petersen MB	18655112	2008
26	Expression analysis of the autosomal recessive primary microcephaly genes MCPH1 (microcephalin) and MCPH5 (ASPM, abnormal spindle-like, microcephaly associated) in human malignant gliomas. ⁵³ ⁶²	Hagemann C...Vince GH	18636190	2008
27	[GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome or De Vivo disease: a case report]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ticus I...Chabrol B	18556184	2008
28	Inactivation of the 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase gene in mice: changes in gene expression and associated regulatory networks resulting from serine deficiency. ⁵³ ⁶²	Furuya S...Hirabayashi Y	18228065	2008
29	Mutations in the Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene in medulloblastomas. ⁵³ ⁶²	Huang J...Ohgaki H	18593981	2008
30	POMT1 and POMT2 mutations in CMD patients: a multicentric Italian study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Messina S...Mercuri E	18513969	2008
31	Ionizing radiation downregulates ASPM, a gene responsible for microcephaly in humans. ⁵³ ⁶²	Fujimori A...Fushiki S	18331833	2008
32	Exclusion of a PAX6, FOXC1, PITX2, and MYCN mutation in another patient with apple peel intestinal atresia, ocular anomalies and microcephaly and review of the literature. ⁵³ ⁶²	van Bever Y...Gischler SJ	18203155	2008
33	Ube3a mRNA and protein expression are not decreased in Mecp2R168X mutant mice. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lawson-Yuen A...Coyle JT	17936729	2007
34	The Drosophila homolog of MCPH1, a human microcephaly gene, is required for genomic stability in the early embryo. ⁵³ ⁶²	Rickmyre JL...Lee LA	17895362	2007
35	Comment on papers by Evans et al. and Mekel-Bobrov et al. on Evidence for Positive Selection of MCPH1 and ASPM. ⁵³ ⁶²	Timpson N...Enard W	17717170	2007
36	Inherited PAX6, NF1 and OTX2 mutations in a child with microphthalmia and aniridia. ⁵³ ⁶²	Henderson RA...van Heyningen V	17406642	2007
37	Coinheritance of mutated SMN1 and MECP2 genes in a child with phenotypic features of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type II and Rett syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Voutoufianakis S...Fryssira H	17276711	2007
38	A novel microdeletion in 1(p34.2p34.3), involving the SLC2A1 (GLUT1) gene, and severe delayed development. ⁵³ ⁶²	Vermeer S...de Vries BB	17489814	2007
39	A case report of a patient with microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, chromosomal radiosensitivity and telomere length alterations closely resembling "Nijmegen breakage syndrome" phenotype. ⁵³ ⁶²	Berardinelli F...Antoccia A	17395558	2007
40	Intragenic deletion of Tgif causes defectsin brain development. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kuang C...Chen Y	17082251	2006
41	Microcephalin: a causal link between impaired damage response signalling and microcephaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	O'Driscoll M...Jeggo PA	17102619	2006
42	What primary microcephaly can tell us about brain growth. ⁵³ ⁶²	Cox J...Woods CG	16829198	2006
43	Periventricular heterotopia: phenotypic heterogeneity and correlation with Filamin A mutations. ⁵³ ⁶²	Parrini E...Guerrini R	16684786	2006
44	Golabi-Ito-Hall syndrome results from a missense mutation in the WW domain of the PQBP1 gene. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lubs H...Schwartz CE	16740914	2006
45	Normal variants of Microcephalin and ASPM do not account for brain size variability. ⁵³ ⁶²	Woods RP...Mazziotta JC	16687438	2006
46	Flies without centrioles. ⁵³ ⁶²	Basto R...Raff JW	16814722	2006
47	The expanding phenotype of POMT1 mutations: from Walker-Warburg syndrome to congenital muscular dystrophy, microcephaly, and mental retardation. ⁵³ ⁶²	van Reeuwijk J...van Bokhoven H	16575835	2006
48	A mouse model for Glut-1 haploinsufficiency. ⁵³ ⁶²	Wang D...De Vivo DC	16497725	2006
49	Treatment with amino acids in serine deficiency disorders. ⁵³ ⁶²	de Koning TJ	16763900	2006
50	Widened clinical spectrum of the Q128P MECP2 mutation in Rett syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Giampietro PF...Roa BB	15875198	2006

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Genes for Microcephaly

Genes related to Microcephaly (63 elite genes):

(show top 50) (show all 617)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	ASPM	Assembly Factor For Spindle Microtubules	Protein Coding	492.09	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Proteins (show sections)	26539891 18331833 15972725 (more) 16687438 18636190 19332161 19931588 16151010 14574646 14641475 19808985
2	PQBP1	Polyglutamine Binding Protein 1	Protein Coding	457.6	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	16190883 15024694 16740914
3	ANKLE2	Ankyrin Repeat And LEM Domain Containing 2	Protein Coding	456.85	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Proteins (show sections)
4	CASK	Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Serine Protein Kinase	Protein Coding	456.84	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)	32581362
5	DYRK1A	Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulated Kinase 1A	Protein Coding	448.43	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	32581362
6	KIF11	Kinesin Family Member 11	Protein Coding	447.94	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
7	RTTN	Rotatin	Protein Coding	447.81	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
8	SLC2A1	Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 1	Protein Coding	447.29	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)	32581362 15152356 15622525 (more) 18614966 19591936 10323476 10980529 16497725 18556184 16149086 12325075 17489814 20382060
9	CDK5RAP2	CDK5 Regulatory Subunit Associated Protein 2	Protein Coding	444.64	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries (show sections)	32581362
10	ATRX	ATRX Chromatin Remodeler	Protein Coding	444.19	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	26539891 12673795
11	NBN	Nibrin	Protein Coding	443.02	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)	18593981 19345213 15033202 (more) 15451479 16415040 19151620 17395558 11899541
12	VPS13B	Vacuolar Protein Sorting 13 Homolog B	Protein Coding	442.54	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	18655112 15211651
13	EP300	E1A Binding Protein P300	Protein Coding	437.7	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
14	KMT2A	Lysine Methyltransferase 2A	Protein Coding	437.27	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	MFSD2A	MFSD2 Lysolipid Transporter A, Lysophospholipid	Protein Coding	432.57	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)
16	SMC1A	Structural Maintenance Of Chromosomes 1A	Protein Coding	431.51	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
17	GRIN2B	Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2B	Protein Coding	430.75	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
18	SBDS	SBDS Ribosome Maturation Factor	Protein Coding	429.6	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
19	ARF3	ADP Ribosylation Factor 3	Protein Coding	428.49	Pathogenic ⁵ Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
20	POGZ	Pogo Transposable Element Derived With ZNF Domain	Protein Coding	421.05	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
21	SVBP	Small Vasohibin Binding Protein	Protein Coding	420.26	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	30607023 31363758
22	GRM7	Glutamate Metabotropic Receptor 7	Protein Coding	419.34	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
23	TSEN54	TRNA Splicing Endonuclease Subunit 54	Protein Coding	414.12	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
24	AUTS2	Activator Of Transcription And Developmental Regulator AUTS2	Protein Coding	413.73	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
25	PTEN	Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog	Protein Coding	412.79	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
26	EXOSC3	Exosome Component 3	Protein Coding	412.46	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
27	TCF4	Transcription Factor 4	Protein Coding	411.8	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)	32581362
28	BCS1L	BCS1 Homolog, Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase Complex Chaperone	Protein Coding	410.78	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	32581362
29	CSTB	Cystatin B	Protein Coding	410.68	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
30	WDR11	WD Repeat Domain 11	Protein Coding	406.92	Pathogenic ⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
31	NIPBL	NIPBL Cohesin Loading Factor	Protein Coding	406.72	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
32	STXBP1	Syntaxin Binding Protein 1	Protein Coding	406.01	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
33	ARID1B	AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1B	Protein Coding	405.9	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
34	HDAC8	Histone Deacetylase 8	Protein Coding	405.51	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
35	KMT2D	Lysine Methyltransferase 2D	Protein Coding	405.43	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
36	TUBB4A	Tubulin Beta 4A Class IVa	Protein Coding	405.31	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴	32581362
37	DDX3X	DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked	Protein Coding	405.23	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
38	SMARCAL1	SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator Of Chromatin, Subfamily A Like 1	Protein Coding	405.16	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
39	LAMA2	Laminin Subunit Alpha 2	Protein Coding	404.87	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
40	ASXL1	ASXL Transcriptional Regulator 1	Protein Coding	404.82	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
41	DHX30	DExH-Box Helicase 30	Protein Coding	404.69	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
42	MFN2	Mitofusin 2	Protein Coding	404.64	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
43	HARS1	Histidyl-TRNA Synthetase 1	Protein Coding	404.55	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
44	MAPK1	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1	Protein Coding	404.53	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
45	PTPN11	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11	Protein Coding	404.48	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴	32581362
46	PLA2G6	Phospholipase A2 Group VI	Protein Coding	404.33	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴	32581362
47	CC2D2A	Coiled-Coil And C2 Domain Containing 2A	Protein Coding	404.24	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
48	PAK3	P21 (RAC1) Activated Kinase 3	Protein Coding	404.24	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
49	NSRP1	Nuclear Speckle Splicing Regulatory Protein 1	Protein Coding	403.87	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
50	KCNJ10	Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel Subfamily J Member 10	Protein Coding	403.82	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴	32581362

Sources

Variations for Microcephaly

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Microcephaly:

⁵ (show top 50) (show all 506)

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	Position
1	EP300	NM_001429.4(EP300):c.1453del (p.Gln485fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	813528	rs2058919680	GRCh37: 22:41527559-41527559 GRCh38: 22:41131555-41131555
2	SLC2A1	NM_006516.4(SLC2A1):c.470dup (p.Thr158fs)	DUP	Pathogenic	373993	rs1057518821	GRCh37: 1:43396342-43396343 GRCh38: 1:42930671-42930672
3	FLG-AS1, FLG	NM_002016.2(FLG):c.544A>T (p.Lys182Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	523448	rs1218912272	GRCh37: 1:152286818-152286818 GRCh38: 1:152314342-152314342
4	overlap with 25 genes	GRCh37/hg19 7q11.23(chr7:72772522-74133319)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	523284		GRCh37: 7:72772522-74133319 GRCh38:
5	KCNJ10	NM_002241.5(KCNJ10):c.194G>C (p.Arg65Pro)	SNV	Pathogenic	7462	rs137853066	GRCh37: 1:160012129-160012129 GRCh38: 1:160042339-160042339
6	CDK5RAP2	NM_018249.6(CDK5RAP2):c.250C>T (p.Leu84Phe)	SNV	Pathogenic	812994	rs1588634016	GRCh37: 9:123313126-123313126 GRCh38: 9:120550848-120550848
7	DDX3X	NM_001356.5(DDX3X):c.1746del (p.Ser583fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	870099	rs2063933817	GRCh37: X:41206242-41206242 GRCh38: X:41346989-41346989
8	GRM7	NM_000844.4(GRM7):c.1180G>A (p.Glu394Lys)	SNV	Pathogenic	870348	rs1697820592	GRCh37: 3:7494299-7494299 GRCh38: 3:7452612-7452612
9	TCF4	NM_001083962.2(TCF4):c.1813C>T (p.Gln605Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	813521	rs1555710223	GRCh37: 18:52896144-52896144 GRCh38: 18:55228913-55228913
10	ASXL1	NM_015338.6(ASXL1):c.3115C>T (p.Gln1039Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	813522	rs1221031683	GRCh37: 20:31023630-31023630 GRCh38: 20:32435827-32435827
11	AUTS2	GRCh37/hg19 7q11.22(chr7:69404786-70206198)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	813714		GRCh37: 7:69404786-70206198 GRCh38:
12	overlap with 4 genes	GRCh37/hg19 2q24.3(chr2:166340583-166904859)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	813715		GRCh37: 2:166340583-166904859 GRCh38:
13	overlap with 90 genes	GRCh37/hg19 9q34.3(chr9:138225001-141015001)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	813716		GRCh37: 9:138225001-141015001 GRCh38:
14	ARID1B	GRCh37/hg19 6q25.3(chr6:157075546-157443054)	CN GAIN	Pathogenic	813718		GRCh37: 6:157075546-157443054 GRCh38:
15	overlap with 8 genes	GRCh37/hg19 Xp11.4-11.3(chrX:41150139-43976458)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	813719		GRCh37: X:41150139-43976458 GRCh38:
16	overlap with 2 genes	GRCh37/hg19 2q23.1(chr2:148710290-149021799)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	813720		GRCh37: 2:148710290-149021799 GRCh38:
17	KMT2A	NM_001197104.2(KMT2A):c.2552_2553del (p.Lys851fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	813524	rs1949984655	GRCh37: 11:118344425-118344426 GRCh38: 11:118473710-118473711
18	NUF2	NM_145697.3(NUF2):c.371T>G (p.Ile124Ser)	SNV	Pathogenic	992629	rs1650773164	GRCh37: 1:163306574-163306574 GRCh38: 1:163336784-163336784
19	overlap with 15 genes	GRCh37/hg19 5q31.2(chr5:136409875-137739167)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	1047869		GRCh37: 5:136409875-137739167 GRCh38:
20	overlap with 37 genes	GRCh37/hg19 7q31.2-31.33(chr7:116297277-126370694)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	1047873		GRCh37: 7:116297277-126370694 GRCh38:
21	overlap with 33 genes	GRCh37/hg19 1q43-44(chr1:240554955-247342593)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	1047876		GRCh37: 1:240554955-247342593 GRCh38:
22	overlap with 6 genes	GRCh37/hg19 Xp11.4-11.3(chrX:41342834-43901936)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	1047878		GRCh37: X:41342834-43901936 GRCh38:
23	CASK and overlap with 2 gene(s)	GRCh37/hg19 Xp11.4(chrX:41553564-41696352)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	1047884		GRCh37: X:41553564-41696352 GRCh38:
24	overlap with 16 genes	GRCh37/hg19 12p13.32(chr12:3619010-5221363)	CN LOSS	Pathogenic	1047901		GRCh37: 12:3619010-5221363 GRCh38:
25	ASPM	NM_018136.5(ASPM):c.727C>T (p.Arg243Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	1172591		GRCh37: 1:197112655-197112655 GRCh38: 1:197143525-197143525
26	ABL1	NM_005157.6(ABL1):c.1517T>C (p.Val506Ala)	SNV	Pathogenic	983212	rs1831432776	GRCh37: 9:133755890-133755890 GRCh38: 9:130880503-130880503
27	KIF11	NM_004523.4(KIF11):c.2922G>T (p.Pro974=)	SNV	Pathogenic	1064447		GRCh37: 10:94409743-94409743 GRCh38: 10:92649986-92649986
28	overlap with 65 genes	GRCh37/hg19 3q23-25.32(chr3:142729607-157921084)x3	CN GAIN	Pathogenic	1330165		GRCh37: 3:142729607-157921084 GRCh38:
29	PPFIBP1	NM_003622.4(PPFIBP1):c.1146+1G>A	SNV	Pathogenic	1679175		GRCh37: 12:27820254-27820254 GRCh38: 12:27667321-27667321
30	PPFIBP1	NM_003622.4(PPFIBP1):c.1417_1427del (p.Ala473fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	1679181		GRCh37: 12:27829363-27829373 GRCh38: 12:27676430-27676440
31	PPFIBP1	NM_003622.4(PPFIBP1):c.1300C>T (p.Gln434Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	1679182		GRCh37: 12:27825397-27825397 GRCh38: 12:27672464-27672464
32	PPFIBP1	NM_003622.4(PPFIBP1):c.2629C>T (p.Arg877Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	1679183		GRCh37: 12:27842080-27842080 GRCh38: 12:27689147-27689147
33	COL7A1	NM_000094.4(COL7A1):c.706C>T (p.Arg236Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	17462	rs121912854	GRCh37: 3:48630348-48630348 GRCh38: 3:48592915-48592915
34	LAMA2		DEL	Pathogenic	1684643		GRCh37: GRCh38: 6:128960376-129175759
35	SMARCAL1	NM_014140.4(SMARCAL1):c.723C>A (p.Cys241Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	374208	rs748106387	GRCh37: 2:217280150-217280150 GRCh38: 2:216415427-216415427
36	SMARCAL1	NM_014140.4(SMARCAL1):c.2542G>T (p.Glu848Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	4171	rs119473033	GRCh37: 2:217342939-217342939 GRCh38: 2:216478216-216478216
37	KMT2D	NM_003482.4(KMT2D):c.7228C>T (p.Arg2410Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	813529	rs1943461045	GRCh37: 12:49434325-49434325 GRCh38: 12:49040542-49040542
38	WDR11	NM_018117.12(WDR11):c.1255C>T (p.Gln419Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	1098849		GRCh37: 10:122626642-122626642 GRCh38: 10:120867130-120867130
39	WDR11	NM_018117.12(WDR11):c.2931+1G>A	SNV	Pathogenic	1098850		GRCh37: 10:122662745-122662745 GRCh38: 10:120903233-120903233
40	WDR11	NM_018117.12(WDR11):c.1439del (p.Asn480fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	1098851		GRCh37: 10:122630821-122630821 GRCh38: 10:120871309-120871309
41	WDR11	NM_018117.12(WDR11):c.3033_3036del	MICROSAT	Pathogenic	1098852		GRCh37: 10:122664156-122664159 GRCh38: 10:120904644-120904647
42	SMC1A	NM_006306.4(SMC1A):c.796AAG[2] (p.Lys268del)	MICROSAT	Pathogenic	180197	rs727503773	GRCh37: X:53439900-53439902 GRCh38: X:53412950-53412952
43	NIPBL	NM_133433.4(NIPBL):c.7459del (p.Glu2487fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	523556	rs1554034812	GRCh37: 5:37059040-37059040 GRCh38: 5:37058938-37058938
44	HDAC8	NM_018486.3(HDAC8):c.496C>T (p.Arg166Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	280793	rs886041936	GRCh37: X:71715060-71715060 GRCh38: X:72495210-72495210
45	TAF8	NM_138572.3(TAF8):c.781-1G>A	SNV	Pathogenic	638647	rs371261267	GRCh37: 6:42044837-42044837 GRCh38: 6:42077099-42077099
46	COL7A1	NM_000094.4(COL7A1):c.6205C>T (p.Arg2069Cys)	SNV	Pathogenic	17463	rs121912855	GRCh37: 3:48612651-48612651 GRCh38: 3:48575218-48575218
47	NSRP1	NM_032141.4(NSRP1):c.1359_1362del (p.Glu455fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	1047905		GRCh37: 17:28512372-28512375 GRCh38: 17:30185354-30185357
48	NSRP1	NM_032141.4(NSRP1):c.1272dup (p.Lys425fs)	DUP	Pathogenic	1047906		GRCh37: 17:28512285-28512286 GRCh38: 17:30185267-30185268
49	NSRP1	NM_032141.4(NSRP1):c.52C>T (p.Gln18Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic	1047907		GRCh37: 17:28445129-28445129 GRCh38: 17:30118111-30118111
50	RTTN	NM_173630.4(RTTN):c.4444dup (p.Tyr1482fs)	DUP	Pathogenic	1363003		GRCh37: 18:67742707-67742708 GRCh38: 18:70075471-70075472

Copy number variations for Microcephaly from CNVD:

⁶ (show all 13)

#	CNVD ID	Chromosome	Start	End	Type	Gene Symbol	CNVD Disease
1	81039	14	100400000	106368585	Deletion		Microcephaly
2	101488	16	3862993	3941884	Deletion		Microcephaly
3	137586	2	148400000	149600000	Deletion	EPC2	Microcephaly
4	137590	2	148400000	149600000	Deletion	MBD5	Microcephaly
5	146788	2	54800000	61100000	Copy number	VRK2	Microcephaly
6	161495	22	19062809	19791607	Deletion		Microcephaly
7	172044	3	175774661	175941767	Deletion	NAALADL2	Microcephaly
8	172047	3	175774661	175941767	Deletion	NLGN1	Microcephaly
9	204538	6	111807663	121697293	Deletion		Microcephaly
10	207180	6	152600000	160900000	Deletion		Microcephaly
11	249285	9	139496489	139830424	Deletion		Microcephaly
12	256675	9	95600000	98200000	Duplication	PTCH1	Microcephaly
13	262843	X	41374190	41782287	Copy number	CASK	Microcephaly

Sources

Expression for Microcephaly

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Microcephaly.

Sources

Pathways for Microcephaly

Pathways related to Microcephaly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Cell Cycle, Mitotic ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Cell Cycle ⁶⁶ M Phase ⁶⁶	13.02	SMC1A NBN EP300 DYRK1A CDK5RAP2 ATRX
2	Chromatin Regulation / Acetylation ³	11.66	SMC1A KMT2A EP300 ATRX
3	Pathways affected in adenoid cystic carcinoma ⁷⁴	10.59	SMC1A EP300 ATRX
4	SMC1/SMC3 role in DNA damage - Cornelia de Lange Syndrome ⁷⁴	10.2	SMC1A NBN

Sources

GO Terms for Microcephaly

Cellular components related to Microcephaly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	spindle pole	GO:0000922	9.5	SBDS KIF11 CDK5RAP2 ASPM
2	mitotic spindle pole	GO:0097431	9.1	SMC1A CDK5RAP2 ASPM

Biological processes related to Microcephaly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell cycle	GO:0007049	9.23	SMC1A POGZ NBN KIF11 EP300 ASPM

Sources

Sources for Microcephaly

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: MCR010 MIFTS: 59	Microcephaly Categories: Eye diseases, Fetal diseases, Genetic diseases, Mental diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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