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MCID: MCR020
MIFTS: 49

Microsporidiosis

Categories: Immune diseases, Infectious diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Microsporidiosis

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Microsporidiosis:

Name: Microsporidiosis 12 74 20 58 54 44 15 17 71
Infection by Microsporida 12
Infection by Microsporea 12
Infection by Microspora 12
Microsporidiasis 20

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

58
microsporidiosis
Inheritance: Not applicable; Age of onset: All ages;

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Immune diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32 33
Orphanet: 58  
Rare infectious diseases


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Summaries for Microsporidiosis

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Disease Ontology : 12 An opportunistic mycosis that results in systemic fungal infection in immunocompromised people, has material basis in Microsporidia phylum members.

MalaCards based summary : Microsporidiosis, also known as infection by microsporida, is related to encephalitozoonosis and cryptosporidiosis. An important gene associated with Microsporidiosis is METAP2 (Methionyl Aminopeptidase 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and Staphylococcus aureus infection. The drugs Albendazole and Anti-Infective Agents have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include bone marrow, trachea and bone, and related phenotypes are immunodeficiency and abdominal pain

Wikipedia : 74 Microsporidiosis is an opportunistic intestinal infection that causes diarrhea and wasting in... more...

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Related Diseases for Microsporidiosis

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Diseases related to Microsporidiosis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 129)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 encephalitozoonosis 31.7 RPN2 PMP2
2 cryptosporidiosis 30.4 TPI1 DEFB4A CD4
3 cyclosporiasis 30.0 TPI1 CD4
4 giardiasis 29.9 TPI1 CD4
5 urethritis 29.7 DEFB4A DEFA5 CD4
6 crohn's disease 29.4 DEFB4A DEFA5 CD4
7 diarrhea 10.5
8 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 10.5
9 immune deficiency disease 10.4
10 uterine sarcoma 10.3 ABCC1 ABCB1
11 temporal lobe neoplasm 10.3 ABCC1 ABCB1
12 colchicine resistance 10.3 ABCC1 ABCB1
13 cholangiolocellular carcinoma 10.2 ABCC1 ABCB1
14 dacryocystitis 10.2 DEFB4A DEFA5
15 acute inflammation of lacrimal passage 10.2 DEFB4A DEFA5
16 bell's palsy 10.2 DEFA1 CD4
17 mite infestation 10.2 DEFA1 CD4
18 keratitis, hereditary 10.1
19 dermatophytosis 10.1 DEFB4A CD4
20 autoimmune peripheral neuropathy 10.1 PMP2 CD4
21 amebiasis 10.1 METAP2 CD4
22 seborrheic dermatitis 10.1 DEFB4A CD4
23 autoimmune neuropathy 10.1 PMP2 CD4
24 cervicitis 10.1 DEFB4A CD4
25 tertiary syphilis 10.1 CD4 BYSL
26 myositis 10.1
27 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 10.1
28 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis 10.1 DEFA1 CD4 ABCB1
29 folliculitis 10.1 DEFB4A CD4
30 vaginitis 10.1 DEFB4A CD4 ABCB1
31 gingival disease 10.1 DEFB4A CD4
32 conjunctivitis 10.1
33 severe combined immunodeficiency 10.1
34 keratoconjunctivitis 10.1
35 oral candidiasis 10.1 DEFB4A DEFA1 CD4
36 salmonellosis 10.0 DEFB4A DEFA5 CD4
37 cellulitis 10.0 DEFB4A CD4
38 intestinal schistosomiasis 10.0 TPI1 CD4
39 cholecystitis 10.0
40 intestinal disease 10.0
41 cholangitis 10.0
42 toxoplasmosis 10.0
43 vulvovaginal candidiasis 10.0 DEFB4A DEFA5
44 oropouche fever 9.9 HSFX2 HSFX1
45 adult respiratory distress syndrome 9.9
46 kaposi sarcoma 9.9
47 acute diarrhea 9.9
48 osteomyelitis 9.9
49 respiratory failure 9.9
50 thrombocytopenia 9.9

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Microsporidiosis:



Diseases related to Microsporidiosis
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Microsporidiosis

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Human phenotypes related to Microsporidiosis:

58 31 (show top 50) (show all 54)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 immunodeficiency 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002721
2 abdominal pain 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002027
3 chronic diarrhea 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002028
4 intermittent diarrhea 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002254
5 decreased proportion of cd4-positive helper t cells 31 frequent (33%) HP:0005407
6 vomiting 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002013
7 fever 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001945
8 sinusitis 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000246
9 anorexia 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002039
10 bronchitis 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0012387
11 rhinitis 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0012384
12 nausea 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002018
13 encephalitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0002383
14 dehydration 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001944
15 hepatitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0012115
16 thyroiditis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0100646
17 cachexia 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0004326
18 myocarditis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0012819
19 endocarditis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0100584
20 osteomyelitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0002754
21 sepsis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0100806
22 abnormality of the spleen 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001743
23 corneal ulceration 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0012804
24 abnormality of bone marrow cell morphology 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0005561
25 prostatitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0000024
26 pneumonia 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0002090
27 glossitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0000206
28 visual loss 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0000572
29 myositis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0100614
30 pancreatitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001733
31 peritonitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0002586
32 abnormality of the parathyroid gland 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0000828
33 skin nodule 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0200036
34 abnormal trachea morphology 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0002778
35 keratoconjunctivitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0001096
36 abnormal vocal cord morphology 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0008777
37 nephritis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0000123
38 abnormality of the endometrium 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0030126
39 brain abscess 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0030049
40 lymphadenitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0002840
41 pharyngitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0025439
42 bronchiolitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0011950
43 cholangitis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0030151
44 adrenocortical abnormality 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0000849
45 urethritis 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0500006
46 seizure 31 very rare (1%) HP:0001250
47 abnormal fallopian tube morphology 31 very rare (1%) HP:0011027
48 seizures 58 Very rare (<4-1%)
49 weight loss 58 Frequent (79-30%)
50 keratitis 58 Very rare (<4-1%)

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Microsporidiosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26 (show all 15)
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-105 9.55 DEFB4A
2 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-14 9.55 CD4
3 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-147 9.55 CD4
4 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-148 9.55 DEFA1
5 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-153 9.55 DEFB4A
6 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-160 9.55 CD4
7 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-165 9.55 DEFB4A
8 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-176 9.55 DEFA1
9 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-178 9.55 DEFA1
10 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-19 9.55 CD4
11 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-200 9.55 DEFB4A
12 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-212 9.55 DEFA1
13 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-32 9.55 CD4 DEFA1
14 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-54 9.55 DEFA1 DEFB4A
15 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-60 9.55 DEFA1
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Microsporidiosis

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Drugs for Microsporidiosis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 7)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Albendazole Approved, Vet_approved Phase 3 54965-21-8 2082
2 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 3
3 Antiparasitic Agents Phase 3
4 Anthelmintics Phase 3
5 Antiprotozoal Agents Phase 3
6 Antimitotic Agents Phase 3
7 Tubulin Modulators Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:


# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Albendazole in HIV-Positive Patients With Intestinal Microsporidiosis Completed NCT00002191 Phase 3 Albendazole

Search NIH Clinical Center for Microsporidiosis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: microsporidiosis

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Genetic Tests for Microsporidiosis

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Anatomical Context for Microsporidiosis

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Microsporidiosis:

40
Bone Marrow, Trachea, Bone, Spleen, Brain, T Cells, Kidney
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Publications for Microsporidiosis

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Articles related to Microsporidiosis:

(show top 50) (show all 727)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
System for expression of microsporidian methionine amino peptidase type 2 (MetAP2) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 54 61
16917013 2006
2
Investigations into microsporidian methionine aminopeptidase type 2: a therapeutic target for microsporidiosis. 61 54
16004378 2005
3
Tetra disseminated microsporidiosis: a novel disease in ornamental fish caused by Fusasporis stethaprioni n. gen. n. sp. 61
33415390 2021
4
Global prevalence of microsporidia infection in cats: A systematic review and meta-analysis of an emerging zoonotic pathogen. 61
33548904 2021
5
Safety and efficacy of fumagillin for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis. A French prospective cohort study. 61
33128055 2021
6
Enterocytozoon bieneusi of animals-With an 'Australian twist'. 61
33482973 2021
7
Assessment of a Multiplex PCR for the Simultaneous Diagnosis of Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis and Microsporidiosis: Epidemiologic Report from a French Prospective Study. 61
33387699 2020
8
Epidemiological investigation and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in 11 captive Rhesus macaque populations. 61
33145162 2020
9
Longitudinal identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in dairy calves on a farm in Southern Xinjiang, China. 61
33032191 2020
10
Prevalence of Microsporidiosis in Different Hosts in Turkey: A Meta-analysis. 61
33269566 2020
11
Diagnosis and molecular typing of Enterocytozoon bieneusi: the significant role of domestic animals in transmission of human microsporidiosis. 61
33035931 2020
12
Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in farmed goats and sheep in Ningxia, China. 61
32961363 2020
13
Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidia): Identification of novel genotypes and evidence of transmission between sympatric wild boars (Sus scrofa ferus) and Iberian pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Southern Spain. 61
32500974 2020
14
Characterization of a Murine Model for Encephalitozoon hellem Infection after Dexamethasone Immunosuppression. 61
33260440 2020
15
A massive systematic infection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype III in mice does not cause clinical signs. 61
32579904 2020
16
Intestinal Microsporidia Infection in Leukemic Children: Microscopic and Molecular Detection. 61
32996015 2020
17
Effects of food availability on microsporidiosis and alkaloid production in the two-spotted lady beetle, Adalia bipunctata L. 61
32687835 2020
18
Post-mortem examination of the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus, Latreille 1804) and pathology in a fishery of the Lesser Antilles. 61
32798534 2020
19
Stromal microsporidiosis: a differential for disciform keratitis. 61
32900748 2020
20
The shrimp microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP): Biology, pathology, diagnostics and control. 61
32882232 2020
21
Discovery and Preclinical Development of Antigiardiasis Fumagillol Derivatives. 61
32778548 2020
22
Zoonotic Transmission of Cryptosporidium and Microsporidia in Individuals of the Kurdistan Province, West of Iran. 61
32640465 2020
23
Cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis as causes of diarrhea in kidney and/or pancreas transplant recipients. 61
31472993 2020
24
The first case of microsporidiosis in Paramecium. 61
32338239 2020
25
Encephalitozoon intestinalis: A new target for auranofin in a mice model. 61
31868212 2020
26
Molecular characterization and novel genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet snakes in Beijing, China. 61
32612925 2020
27
Alternatives in Molecular Diagnostics of Encephalitozoon and Enterocytozoon Infections. 61
32707956 2020
28
Identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) and Alashan ground squirrels (Spermophilus alashanicus) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area (QTPA) of Gansu Province, China. 61
32698833 2020
29
Cutaneous microsporidiosis in an immunosuppressed patient. 61
32125011 2020
30
A Narrative Review of Microsporidial Infections of the Cornea. 61
32157613 2020
31
Unusual dominant genotype NIA1 of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in children in Southern Xinjiang, China. 61
32569279 2020
32
Microscopic and PCR-based detection of microsporidia spores in human stool samples. 61
32595002 2020
33
First identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in pet rabbits in China. 61
32571322 2020
34
Effects of temperature on larval development, alkaloid production and microsporidiosis in the two-spotted lady beetle, Adalia bipunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 61
32179087 2020
35
Molecular epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon sp., among immunocompromised and immunocompetent subjects in Iran. 61
31972268 2020
36
Molecular identification of microsporidian species in patients with epithelial keratitis. 61
32011230 2020
37
Cell invasion by intracellular parasites - the many roads to infection. 61
32079731 2020
38
Genotyping and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle farmed in Hainan Province, the southernmost region of China. 61
33231548 2020
39
First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet fancy rats (Rattus norvegicus) and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) in China. 61
32249756 2020
40
Encephalitozoon cuniculi Genotype II Concentrates in Inflammation Foci. 61
33061524 2020
41
Multilocus Sequence Typing of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolates From Various Mammal and Bird Species and Assessment of Population Structure and Substructure. 61
32676063 2020
42
Systematic identification of circular RNAs and corresponding regulatory networks unveil their potential roles in the midguts of eastern honeybee workers. 61
31754765 2020
43
Renal Microsporidiosis in Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients: A Case Series. 61
29630083 2020
44
Occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in China. 61
31974403 2020
45
Invasion of Host Cells by Microsporidia. 61
32132983 2020
46
New genotypes and molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet birds in Southwestern China. 61
31667078 2019
47
Screening of opportunistic Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in immunocompromised patients in Slovakia. 61
31951694 2019
48
Demographic and clinical profile of microspodial keratitis in North India: an underreported entity. 61
31749531 2019
49
Microsporidial myositis in adult-onset immunodeficiency: case-based review. 61
31501996 2019
50
Polar tube structure and three polar tube proteins identified from Nosema pernyi. 61
31669539 2019
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Variations for Microsporidiosis

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Expression for Microsporidiosis

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Microsporidiosis.
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Pathways for Microsporidiosis

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Pathways related to Microsporidiosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway 36
11.89 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1
2
Staphylococcus aureus infection 36
11.31 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1
3
Defensins 65
Show member pathways
 11.26 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1 CD4
4
Doxorubicin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics 60
Show member pathways
 11.08 ABCC1 ABCB1
5
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics 60
10.79 ABCC1 ABCB1
6
Methotrexate Pathway, Pharmacokinetics 60
Show member pathways
 10.71 ABCC1 ABCB1
7
Lamivudine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics 60
10.62 ABCC1 ABCB1
8
Lamotrigine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 60
10.5 ABCC1 ABCB1
9
Etoposide Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics 60
10.43 ABCC1 ABCB1
10
Vinka Alkaloid Pathway, Pharmacokinetics 60
9.96 ABCC1 ABCB1
Sources

GO Terms for Microsporidiosis

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Cellular components related to Microsporidiosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Golgi lumen GO:0005796 8.8 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1

Biological processes related to Microsporidiosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 19)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 defense response GO:0006952 9.72 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1
2 defense response to Gram-positive bacterium GO:0050830 9.71 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1
3 antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide GO:0061844 9.63 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1
4 defense response to fungus GO:0050832 9.58 DEFA5 DEFA1
5 innate immune response in mucosa GO:0002227 9.58 DEFA5 DEFA1
6 antimicrobial humoral response GO:0019730 9.58 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1
7 regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway GO:0022400 9.57 METAP2 METAP1
8 phospholipid translocation GO:0045332 9.56 ABCC1 ABCB1
9 export across plasma membrane GO:0140115 9.52 ABCC1 ABCB1
10 transepithelial transport GO:0070633 9.51 ABCC1 ABCB1
11 killing by host of symbiont cells GO:0051873 9.49 DEFA5 DEFA1
12 membrane disruption in other organism GO:0051673 9.48 DEFA5 DEFA1
13 peptidyl-methionine modification GO:0018206 9.43 METAP2 METAP1
14 carboxylic acid transmembrane transport GO:1905039 9.37 ABCC1 ABCB1
15 killing of cells of other organism GO:0031640 9.33 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1
16 N-terminal protein amino acid modification GO:0031365 9.32 METAP2 METAP1
17 protein initiator methionine removal GO:0070084 9.26 METAP2 METAP1
18 lactone transport GO:0042969 8.96 ABCC1 ABCB1
19 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium GO:0050829 8.92 DEFB4A DEFA5 DEFA1 CD4

Molecular functions related to Microsporidiosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 aminopeptidase activity GO:0004177 9.43 METAP2 METAP1
2 metalloaminopeptidase activity GO:0070006 9.4 METAP2 METAP1
3 xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity GO:0042910 9.37 ABCC1 ABCB1
4 efflux transmembrane transporter activity GO:0015562 9.32 ABCC1 ABCB1
5 metalloexopeptidase activity GO:0008235 9.26 METAP2 METAP1
6 xenobiotic transmembrane transporting ATPase activity GO:0008559 9.16 ABCC1 ABCB1
7 carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity GO:0046943 8.96 ABCC1 ABCB1
8 lactone transmembrane transporter activity GO:0042971 8.62 ABCC1 ABCB1
Sources

Sources for Microsporidiosis

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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