Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MVCD3 MCID: MCR113 MIFTS: 52	Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 (MVCD3) Categories: Cardiovascular diseases, Eye diseases, Genetic diseases, Nephrological diseases, Neuronal diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Aliases & Classifications for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

MalaCards integrated aliases for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

Name: Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 ⁵⁷ ⁷³ ¹² ³⁶

Diabetic Nephropathy ⁷⁵ ⁷³ ¹⁶ ⁷¹

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes, Susceptibility to, 3 ⁵⁷ ²⁸ ⁵

Mvcd3 ⁵⁷ ⁷³

End-Stage Renal Disease, Diabetic, Susceptibility to ⁵⁷

Nephropathy, Diabetic, Susceptibility to ⁵⁷

End-Stage Renal Disease, Diabetic ⁵⁷

Diabetic End-Stage Renal Disease ⁷³

Diabetic Nephropathies ⁵³

Nephropathy, Diabetic ⁵⁷

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases
Anatomical: Nephrological diseases Eye diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neuronal diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

OMIM® ⁵⁷ 612624

OMIM Phenotypic Series ⁵⁷ PS603933

MeSH ⁴³ D048909

MedGen ⁴⁰ C2675470 CN031587

EFO ¹⁶ EFO_0000401

UMLS ⁷¹ C0011881

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Summaries for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ⁷³ Pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis.

MalaCards based summary: Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3, also known as diabetic nephropathy, is related to type 1 diabetes mellitus and lipid metabolism disorder. An important gene associated with Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 is ACE (Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme), and among its related pathways/superpathways are ACE Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics and Angiotensin II receptor type 1 pathway. The drugs Captopril and Clopidogrel have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include Kidney, endothelial and pancreas, and related phenotype is renal/urinary system.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, is the chronic loss of kidney function... more...

More information from OMIM: 612624 PS603933

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Related Diseases for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Diseases in the Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 1 family:

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 2	Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3
Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 4	Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 5
Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 6	Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 7

Diseases related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 668)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	type 1 diabetes mellitus	31.6	PVT1 NAGLU INS ALB AKR1B1 AGTR1
2	lipid metabolism disorder	31.4	MIR21 INS ALB ACE
3	hyperglycemia	31.3	NPHS1 MALAT1 INS ALB AKR1B1 AGTR1
4	renal fibrosis	31.2	TGFB1 MIR21 MIR192 CCN2 ALB AGTR1
5	uremia	31.2	INS ALB ACE
6	peripheral vascular disease	31.0	INS ALB ACE
7	hypertensive nephropathy	31.0	ALB ACE
8	membranous nephropathy	30.9	NPHS1 MIR192 CCN2 ALB
9	autonomic neuropathy	30.9	INS ALB AKR1B1
10	lipoid nephrosis	30.8	NPHS1 NAGLU ALB
11	membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis	30.8	NPHS1 ALB ACE
12	diabetic neuropathy	30.8	INS ALB AKR1B1 ACE
13	urinary tract infection	30.7	INS ALB ACE
14	atherosclerosis susceptibility	30.7	INS ALB AGTR1 ACE
15	glomerulonephritis	30.7	TGFB1 NPHS1 CCN2 ALB AGTR1 ACE
16	vascular disease	30.7	TGFB1 MIR21 INS ALB AGTR1 ACE
17	kidney hypertrophy	30.7	NPHS1 INS CCN2 ALB ACE
18	iga glomerulonephritis	30.7	TGFB1 NPHS1 ALB AGTR1 ACE
19	nephrotic syndrome	30.7	NPHS1 NAGLU INS ALB AGTR1 ACE
20	cardiovascular system disease	30.6	MIR217 MIR21 INS ALB AGTR1 ACE
21	hypoglycemia	30.6	INS ALB AKR1B1 ACE
22	fatty liver disease	30.6	MIR21 MIR192 MALAT1 INS
23	peripheral artery disease	30.6	MIR21 INS ALB ACE
24	cerebrovascular disease	30.6	MIR21 INS ALB AGTR1 ACE
25	renal artery atheroma	30.6	ALB AGTR1 ACE
26	congestive heart failure	30.5	INS ALB AGTR1 ACE
27	pyelonephritis	30.5	NAGLU ALB ACE
28	arteries, anomalies of	30.5	MIR21 INS ALB AGTR1 ACE
29	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	30.5	MIR21 MIR192 INS ALB
30	diabetes mellitus, ketosis-prone	30.5	INS ALB ACE
31	apnea, obstructive sleep	30.5	INS ALB ACE
32	focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	30.4	TGFB1 NPHS1 ALB AGTR1 ACE
33	peripheral nervous system disease	30.4	MIR21 INS ALB AKR1B1 ACE
34	pre-eclampsia	30.4	NPHS1 MALAT1 INS ALB AGTR1 ACE
35	stroke, ischemic	30.4	MIR21 MALAT1 INS ALB AGTR1 ACE
36	chronic kidney disease	30.4	TGFB1 NPHS1 MIR21 INS CNDP1 CCN2
37	sleep apnea	30.4	INS ALB ACE
38	rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis	30.4	NPHS1 ALB ACE
39	macular retinal edema	30.4	INS ALB AKR1B1 ACE
40	renovascular hypertension	30.4	ALB AGTR1 ACE
41	diabetic polyneuropathy	30.3	INS ALB AKR1B1
42	lipoprotein quantitative trait locus	30.3	MIR21 INS CCN2 ALB AGTR1 ACE
43	miliary tuberculosis	30.2	ALB ACE
44	acute kidney tubular necrosis	30.2	NAGLU ALB ACE
45	nephrosclerosis	30.1	TGFB1 NPHS1 INS CCN2 AGTR1 ACE
46	hypokalemia	30.1	INS ALB ACE
47	alport syndrome	30.1	NPHS1 MIR21 ALB ACE
48	limb ischemia	30.1	MIR21 ALB ACE
49	diabetic macular edema	30.1	INS ALB AKR1B1
50	hypertensive retinopathy	30.1	ALB ACE

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Clinical features from OMIM®:

612624 (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.28	ACE AGTR1 AKR1B1 ALB INS MIR192

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Drugs for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 297)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Captopril

Approved

Phase 4

62571-86-2

44093

Clopidogrel

Approved

Phase 4

120202-66-6, 113665-84-2

60606

Vildagliptin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

274901-16-5

6918537

Moxonidine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

75438-57-2

4810

Alprostadil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

745-65-3

5280723

Amlodipine

Approved

Phase 4

88150-42-9

2162

Atenolol

Approved

Phase 4

29122-68-7

2249

Doxazosin

Approved

Phase 4

74191-85-8

3157

Acetylsalicylic acid

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-78-2

2244

Furosemide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

54-31-9

3440

Simvastatin

Approved

Phase 4

79902-63-9

54454

Clonidine

Approved

Phase 4

4205-91-8, 4205-90-7

2803 20179

Insulin glulisine

Approved

Phase 4

207748-29-6

Insulin glargine

Approved

Phase 4

160337-95-1

118984454

Lixisenatide

Approved

Phase 4

320367-13-3

90472060 16139342

Zaleplon

Approved, Illicit, Investigational

Phase 4

151319-34-5

5719

Tacrolimus

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

104987-11-3

6473866 445643

Miconazole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

22916-47-8

4189

Clotrimazole

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

23593-75-1

2812

Carbamide peroxide

Approved

Phase 4

124-43-6

Candesartan cilexetil

Approved

Phase 4

145040-37-5

Nisoldipine

Approved

Phase 4

63675-72-9

4499

Prednisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

53-03-2

5865

Probucol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

23288-49-5

4912

Cilostazol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

73963-72-1

2754

Exenatide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

141758-74-9

45588096

Atorvastatin

Approved

Phase 4

134523-00-5

60823

Indapamide

Approved

Phase 4

26807-65-8

3702

Verapamil

Approved

Phase 4

152-11-4, 52-53-9

2520

Trandolapril

Approved

Phase 4

87679-37-6

5484727

Saxagliptin

Approved

Phase 4

361442-04-8

11243969

Gliclazide

Approved

Phase 4

21187-98-4

3475

Enalaprilat

Approved

Phase 4

76420-72-9

6917719 5462501

Enalapril

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

75847-73-3

40466924 5388962 5362032

Pentoxifylline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

6493-05-6

4740

Canagliflozin

Approved

Phase 4

842133-18-0

74323022 24812758

Glucagon

Approved

Phase 4

16941-32-5

16133228 16186314

Ertugliflozin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1210344-57-2

75075340 44814423

Liraglutide

Approved

Phase 4

204656-20-2

44147092 16134956

Perindopril

Approved

Phase 4

82834-16-0, 107133-36-8

107807

Dapagliflozin

Approved

Phase 4

461432-26-8

9887712

Insulin lispro

Approved

Phase 4

133107-64-9

16132438

Insulin aspart

Approved

Phase 4

116094-23-6

16132418

Dulaglutide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

923950-08-7

Lisinopril

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

83915-83-7, 76547-98-3

5362119

Losartan

Approved

Phase 4

114798-26-4

3961

Valsartan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

137862-53-4

60846

Benazepril

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

86541-75-5

5362124

Thiamine

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

70-16-6

1130

Alfacalcidol

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

41294-56-8

5282181

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 410)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition Treatment on Different Levels of Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: a Prospective Interventional Study	Unknown status	NCT04127084	Phase 4	SGLT2 Inhibition
2	Effect of Aldosterone Antagonism in the Reduction of Albuminuria and Diastolic Disfunction of Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy.	Unknown status	NCT00870402	Phase 4	Spironolactone;Placebo
3	Clinical Trial Technology Development for the Validation of Surrogate Prognostic Markers in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy	Unknown status	NCT01673204	Phase 4	Calcitriol;Placebo
4	Phase 4 Study of Mechanisms of Low Protein Diet Supplemented With Ketoanalogs on Reducing Proteinuria and Maintaining Nutritional Status in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy	Unknown status	NCT01300273	Phase 4
5	A Prospective, Randomized, Two Period, With an Intermediate Wash Out Period, Cross-over Study to Compare the Effects of Either Combined Therapy With Ramipril and Clopidogrel or Ramipril Monotherapy on Oxidative Stress, Vascular Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy	Unknown status	NCT01743014	Phase 4	Ramipril;Clopidogrel
6	Effect of Intravenous and Oral Therapy With Sulodexide on Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients	Unknown status	NCT01316068	Phase 4	intravenous use of sulodexide followed by oral use;use of sulodexide orally only
7	Prevention of Renal Complications of Diabetes With Thiamine	Unknown status	NCT01725412	Phase 4
8	Comparative Effecacy of Metformin and Vildagliptin on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetic Nephropathy Progression	Unknown status	NCT04485845	Phase 4	Vildagliptin;Captopril Tablets;MetFORMIN 500 Mg Oral Tablet
9	Pentoxifylline Effect on Renal Function, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis Markers, and Quality of Life in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy	Unknown status	NCT03664414	Phase 4	pentoxifylline
10	Sympathetic Nervous System Inhibition for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy	Unknown status	NCT01094769	Phase 4	Moxonidine;Placebo
11	Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitor on Proteinuria in Diabetic Patients	Unknown status	NCT03573102	Phase 4	SGLT2 inhibitor;ACE inhibitor
12	Renal Effects of Treatment With Empagliflozin Alone or in Combination With Semaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Albuminuria - A Double Blinded, Randomised, Placebo Controlled, Parallel, Single Center Study	Unknown status	NCT04061200	Phase 4	Semaglutide, 1.34 mg/mL;Empagliflozin 25 MG
13	A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Trial to Investigate the Preventive Effect of BIBR277 (Telmisartan) in Diabetic Nephropathy on Transition From Incipient to Overt Nephropathy - Incipient to Overt : Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker, Telmisartan, Investigation on Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy (INNOVATION Study -	Completed	NCT00153088	Phase 4	Telmisartan capsule 40 mg;Placebo;Telmisartan capsule 80 mg
14	Lipo-prostaglandin E1 Improves Renal Hypoxia Evaluated by BOLD-MRI in Patients	Completed	NCT02628106	Phase 4	Lipo-PGE1
15	Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: Effects of an Intensive Multifactorial Intervention Trial on Cardio-renal Events.	Completed	NCT00535925	Phase 4	SoC therapy;irbesartan;ramipril;hydrochlorothiazide;furosemide;amlodipine;atenolol;doxazosin;clonidine;insulin;simvastatin;fibrate;erythropoietin;aspirin
16	Combined Diabetes-Renal Multifactorial Intervention In Patients With Advanced Diabetic Nephropathy (ADN)	Completed	NCT00708981	Phase 4
17	A Phase 4, Mono-center, Randomized, Open Label, Comparator-controlled, Parallel-group, Mechanistic Intervention Trial to Assess the Effect of 8-week Treatment With the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide Versus Insulin Glulisine on Renal Physiology and Biomarkers in Insulin Glargine-treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	Completed	NCT02276196	Phase 4	Lixisenatide;Insulin glulisine
18	Effect of Enalapril and Losartan Association Therapy on Proteinuria and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Diabetic Nephropathy: a Clinical Trial on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	Completed	NCT00419835	Phase 4	enalapril;losartan
19	FGF-23 and Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Proteinuric Patients	Completed	NCT01703234	Phase 4	Ramipril
20	Effect of Sarpogrelate On the Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes	Completed	NCT01869881	Phase 4	Anplag(Sarpogrelate);Placebo
21	Effect of Renin Angiotensin System Blockade on CD95 and ADMA Levels in Type-2 Diabetic Patients With Proteinuria	Completed	NCT00893425	Phase 4	ramipril
22	A 28-week, Randomised, Open-label, Parallel-Group, Multi-Center Study To Find the Effective Dose of Candesartan Cilexetil (Atacand) for Renoprotection in Korean Hypertensive Patients With Non-diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT00573430	Phase 4	Candesartan Cilexetil;Candesartan Cilexetil 32mg
23	Antiproteinuric Effect of Valsartan, Lisinopril and Valsartan Plus Lisinopril in Non-diabetic and Diabetic Renal Disease: a Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel Group, Controlled Trial With 5 Months Follow-up	Completed	NCT00171574	Phase 4	Valsartan;Valsartan plus HCTZ;Lisinopril
24	A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-arm Controlled Study of Treating Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy (Stage II-IV) With Alfacalcidol and Irbesartan	Completed	NCT03147677	Phase 4	Alfacalcidol;Irbesartan
25	Effect of Urinary Alkalinization on Urine Uric Acid Precipitation and Crystallization in Adults With Type 1 DiabetesL a Open-label Trial	Completed	NCT02502071	Phase 4	sodium bicarbonate
26	A Double-Blind Clinical Trial of Benfotiamine Treatment in Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT00565318	Phase 4	Benfotiamine;Placebo
27	A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Allopurinol in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria	Completed	NCT02829177	Phase 4	Allopurinol;Placebo
28	A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Diabetic Diet-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Compound α-Keto Acid Tablet in Combination With LPD in Delaying the Progress of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT00363987	Phase 4	Ketosteril®
29	Spironolactone in Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT00317954	Phase 4	Spironolactone
30	Renoprotective Effect of Nisoldipine and Lisinopril in Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT00311870	Phase 4	nisoldipine;lisinopril
31	Randomized Open Label Study Comparing the Metabolic Control of Kidney Transplant Recipients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Either Prograf or Neoral as Part of a ATG Induction, Prednisone Free and Monitored MMF Immunosuppressive Regimen.	Completed	NCT00296296	Phase 4	Cyclosporin;Tacrolimus
32	Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Albuminuria in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT02816762	Phase 4	Pharmacological treatment
33	"Safety and Efficacy of Acthar Gel on Albuminuria and Urinary Transforming Growth Factor Excretion in Type I or Type II Diabetics Requiring Medical Treatment of Hyperglycemia With Nephrotic Range Proteinuria: A Pilot Study"	Completed	NCT01028287	Phase 4	ACTH
34	A Randomized, Control, Parallel, Open Label, Multi-centre Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cilostazol and Probucol in Combination on Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT01252056	Phase 4	Probucol;Probucol and Cilostazol
35	Renal Denervation in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy and Persistent Proteinuria	Completed	NCT01588795	Phase 4	Standardized antiproteinuric medication regimen includes an angiotensin receptor blocker , a diuretic , 25OH vitamin D3 and a statin
36	The Effect of Paricalcitol Versus Placebo on Plasma N-Terminal-proBNP in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT01331317	Phase 4	Paricalcitol
37	Effects of Dapagliflozin Treatment on Urinary Proteomic Patterns in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes	Completed	NCT02914691	Phase 4	Dapagliflozine 10 mg once daily tablet treatment;Placebo identical once daily tablet treatment
38	Effect of Exenatide on 24h-UAER in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy: a 24- Week Study	Completed	NCT02690883	Phase 4	Exenatide;Lispro
39	A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Cilostazol 100 mg Twice Daily in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy in Hong Kong Chinese	Completed	NCT00272831	Phase 4	Cilostazol;Placebo
40	Effects of Doxazosin on Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Sympathetic Nervous Activity in Hypertensive Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT00295555	Phase 4	Effects of doxazosin on morning surge in diabetic patients
41	Effects of Atorvastatin Versus Probucol on Low-Density Lipoprotein Subtype Distribution and Renal Function in Hyperlipidemic Patients With Non-Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT00276133	Phase 4	Effects of atorvastatin versus probucol on small dense LDL
42	A Two-Phase Study for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy by Combined ACE Inhibition and Calcium Channel Blockade (BENEDICT)	Completed	NCT00235014	Phase 4	trandolapril;trandolapril/verapamil;placebo;verapamil
43	A Phase IV, Randomized, Open-Label, Active Controlled Study to Compare the Effects of Tarka® and Lotrel® on Albuminuria in Hypertensive, Type 2 Diabetic Subjects With Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT00234871	Phase 4	trandolapril/verapamil;Lotrel (amlodipine/benazepril)
44	A Single Arm Open Label Multicenter Interventional Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Every 4 Weeks Administration of Subcutaneous C.E.R.A. for the Treatment of Chronic Renal Anemia in Diabetic Nephropathy With Chronic Kidney Disease Stages III-IV Not on Dialysis, Not Currently Treated With ESA.	Completed	NCT01191983	Phase 4	Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta [Mircera]
45	A New Clinical Utility for Tubular Markers to Identify Kidney Responders to Saxagliptin Treatment in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy	Completed	NCT04521049	Phase 4	Saxagliptin 5mg
46	A Randomized, Double-blind, Comparator-controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of 12-week Treatment With Dapagliflozin Versus Gliclazide on Renal Physiology and Biomarkers in Metformin-treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	Completed	NCT02682563	Phase 4	Dapagliflozin 10mg QD;Gliclazide 30mg QD
47	Effect of Glucose in Dialysis Water in Diabetics With Chronic Renal Failure on Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate, Plasma Glucose, Plasma Concentrations of Insulin, Growth Hormone, Renin, Angiotensin II, Endothelin and Body Temperature	Completed	NCT00438503	Phase 4
48	Comparative Effects of add-on Pentoxifylline to Losartan Versus Increasing Dose of Losartan on Serum NT-PRO BNP and Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetics With Nephropathy	Completed	NCT03006952	Phase 4	Pentoxifylline;Losartan
49	A Prospective, Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Forced-titration, Multicentre, Parallel Group, One Year Treatment Trial to Investigate the Efficacy of Telmisartan 80 mg Versus Valsartan 160 mg in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Overt Nephropathy VIVALDI-Study	Completed	NCT00153023	Phase 4	Telmisartan;Valsartan
50	A Prospective, Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Forced-titration, Multicentre, Parallel Group, One Year Treatment Trial to Compare MICARDIS® (Telmisartan) 80 mg Versus COZAAR® (Losartan) 100 mg, in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Overt Nephropathy (AMADEO Study)	Completed	NCT00168857	Phase 4	telmisartan;losartan

Search NIH Clinical Center for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :

benazepril

Benazepril hydrochloride

candesartan

candesartan cilexetil

Captopril

Enalapril

Enalapril Maleate

Enalaprilat

eprosartan

Eprosartan mesylate

Fosinopril

Fosinopril Sodium

irbesartan

Lisinopril

Losartan

Losartan Potassium

moexipril

Moexipril hydrochloride

olmesartan

Olmesartan medoxomil

Perindopril

Perindopril arginine

Perindopril Erbumine

quinapril

Quinapril hydrochloride

Ramipril

telmisartan

trandolapril

valsartan

Cell-based therapeutics:

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database

Read about Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 cell therapies at LifeMap Discovery.

Stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

Mesenchymal precursor cells for type 2 diabetes

Embryonic/Adult Cultured Cells Related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

Mesenchymal Precursor Cells (STRO-3 selected)

Sources

Genetic Tests for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Genetic tests related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Microvascular Complications of Diabetes, Susceptibility to, 3 ²⁸	ACE

Sources

Anatomical Context for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Organs/tissues related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

MalaCards : Kidney, Endothelial, Pancreas, Placenta, Heart, Bone Marrow, Monocytes

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database

Cells/anatomical compartments in embryo or adult related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

#	Tissue Anatomical CompartmentCell	Relevance
1	Kidney Podocyte Layer Podocytes	Affected by disease, potential therapeutic candidate

Sources

Publications for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Articles related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

(show top 50) (show all 21226)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Lack of relationship between an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and diabetic nephropathy and proliferative retinopathy in IDDM patients. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Tarnow L...Parving HH	7729604	1995
2	Association of ACE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy? The Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Schmidt S...Ritz E	7783416	1995
3	Relationships between angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism, plasma levels, and diabetic retinal and renal complications. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Marre M...Alhenc-Gelas F	8314010	1994
4	Genetically increased angiotensin I-converting enzyme level and renal complications in the diabetic mouse. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Huang W...Alhenc-Gelas F	11687636	2001
5	The DD genotype of the ACE gene polymorphism is associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy to end stage renal failure in IDDM. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Vleming LJ...van Kooten C	10099885	1999
6	Contribution of genetic polymorphism in the renin-angiotensin system to the development of renal complications in insulin-dependent diabetes: Genetique de la Nephropathie Diabetique (GENEDIAB) study group. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Marre M...Alhenc-Gelas F	9120002	1997
7	Genetic predisposition to diabetic nephropathy. Evidence for a role of the angiotensin I--converting enzyme gene. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Doria A...Krolewski AS	7909524	1994
8	Review: The role of microRNAs in kidney disease. ⁶² ⁴⁶	Li JY...Gleadle JM	20883280	2010
9	Loss of MicroRNA-192 promotes fibrogenesis in diabetic nephropathy. ⁶² ⁴⁶	Krupa A...Fraser D	20056746	2010
10	MicroRNA-21 protects from mesangial cell proliferation induced by diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. ⁶² ⁴⁶	Zhang Z...Yan N	19450585	2009
11	ACE D/I polymorphism, migraine, and cardiovascular disease in women. ⁵	Schurks M...Kurth T	19221299	2009
12	MicroRNA-377 is up-regulated and can lead to increased fibronectin production in diabetic nephropathy. ⁶² ⁴⁶	Wang Q...Quigg RJ	18716028	2008
13	Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Rotterdam Study. ⁵	Sayed-Tabatabaei FA...van Duijn CM	15635071	2005
14	The effects of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in elderly people are modified by birth weight. ⁵	Kajantie E...Eriksson J	15531537	2004
15	Meta-analysis of genetic studies in ischemic stroke: thirty-two genes involving approximately 18,000 cases and 58,000 controls. ⁵	Casas JP...Sharma P	15534175	2004
16	ACE1 polymorphism and progression of SARS. ⁵	Itoyama S...Sasazuki T	15381116	2004
17	Increased amount of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA originating from the ACE allele with deletion. ⁵⁷	Suehiro T...Hashimoto K	15164285	2004
18	DD genotype of ACE gene is a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage. ⁵	Slowik A...Szczudlik A	15277638	2004
19	A genetic variant of ACE increases cell survival: a new paradigm for biology and disease. ⁵	Hamdi HK...Castellon R	15110771	2004
20	Alzheimer disease risk and genetic variation in ACE: a meta-analysis. ⁵	Elkins JS...Johnston SC	14872014	2004
21	Angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype is associated with worse perinatal cardiorespiratory adaptation in preterm infants. ⁵	Harding D...Montgomery H	14657821	2003
22	Phenotype modulators in myophosphorylase deficiency. ⁵	Martinuzzi A...Bertelli S	12666117	2003
23	Interdependent effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene polymorphisms on the progression of immunoglobulin A nephropathy. ⁵	Yoon HJ...Kim YS	12220450	2002
24	Severity of meningococcal disease in children and the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism. ⁵	Harding D...Montgomery HE	11956052	2002
25	Large-scale test of hypothesised associations between the angiotensin-converting-enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and myocardial infarction in about 5000 cases and 6000 controls. International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS) Collaborators. ⁵	Keavney B...Collins R	10841123	2000
26	Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype is associated with Alzheimer disease in the Japanese population. ⁵	Hu J...Shoji M	10643899	1999
27	A dominant relationship between the ACE D allele and serum ACE levels in a Ghanaian population. ⁵	Jeffery S...Plange-Rhule J	10636736	1999
28	Variation in DCP1, encoding ACE, is associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer disease. ⁵	Kehoe PG...Owen MJ	9916793	1999
29	Elite endurance athletes and the ACE I allele--the role of genes in athletic performance. ⁵	Gayagay G...Trent RJ	9737775	1998
30	ACE I/D gene polymorphism: presence of the ACE D allele increases the risk of coronary artery disease in younger individuals. ⁵	Gardemann A...Haberbosch W	9699903	1998
31	Association of angiotensinogen gene T235 variant with progression of immunoglobin A nephropathy in Caucasian patients. ⁵	Pei Y...Cattran D	9259580	1997
32	D allele of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme is a major risk factor for restenosis after coronary stenting. ⁵	Amant C...Bertrand ME	9236417	1997
33	Deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene is associated with increased plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity but not with increased risk for myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease. ⁵	Winkelmann BR...Marz W	8644984	1996
34	Angiotensin converting enzyme as a genetic risk factor for coronary artery spasm. Implication in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. ⁵	Oike Y...Kondo K	8675669	1995
35	Angiotensin converting enzyme gene deletion allele is independently and strongly associated with coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. ⁵	Arbustini E...Specchia G	8541160	1995
36	Role of the deletion of polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene in the progression and therapeutic responsiveness of IgA nephropathy. ⁵	Yoshida H...Sakai O	7593601	1995
37	A prospective evaluation of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism and the risk of ischemic heart disease. ⁵	Lindpaintner K...Hennekens CH	7854377	1995
38	Insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is strongly associated with coronary heart disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ⁵	Ruiz J...Froguel P	8170965	1994
39	Polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene in subjects who die from coronary heart disease. ⁵	Evans AE...Cambien F	8208911	1994
40	Genetic associations with human longevity at the APOE and ACE loci. ⁵	Schachter F...Cohen D	8136829	1994
41	Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the locus for angiotensin I-converting enzyme and myocardial infarction. ⁵	Bohn M...Berg K	8131299	1993
42	A potent genetic risk factor for restenosis. ⁵	Ohishi M...Ogihara T	8298638	1993
43	Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the locus for angiotensin I-converting enzyme and parental history of myocardial infarction. ⁵	Bohn M...Berg K	8131300	1993
44	Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. ⁵	Cambien F...Ricard S	1328889	1992
45	Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. ⁵	Pfeffer MA...Flaker GC	1386652	1992
46	Evidence, from combined segregation and linkage analysis, that a variant of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene controls plasma ACE levels. ⁵	Tiret L...Soubrier F	1319114	1992
47	PCR detection of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the human angiotensin converting enzyme gene (DCP1) (dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase 1). ⁵	Rigat B...Soubrier F	1313972	1992
48	An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. ⁵	Rigat B...Soubrier F	1976655	1990
49	Two putative active centers in human angiotensin I-converting enzyme revealed by molecular cloning. ⁵	Soubrier F...Corvol P	2849100	1988
50	Familial resemblance of plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme level: the Nancy Study. ⁵	Cambien F...Bloch C	2847529	1988

Sources

Genes for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Genes related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 (4 elite genes):

(show all 24)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	693.8	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ Risk factor ⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)	1328889 2847529 2849100 (more) 1319114 1976655 1313972 10636736 15110771 1386652 8131299 8131300 8136829 8170965 8208911 7854377 8644984 8541160 8675669 8298638 9236417 9699903 10841123 15635071 19221299 7593601 9259580 12220450 9916793 10643899 14872014 8314010 7909524 7729604 7783416 9120002 10099885 11687636 15531537 11956052 14657821 12666117 15277638 15534175 15381116 9737775 19077419 12016801 10332539 9111155 11428725 10023638 10499884 14586718 9509566 10862639 9741257 11450165 11422755 11867868 10398547 1442757 16598556 9551410 15830182 12722028 15459003 16873597 12467154 10958708 9794558 9469501 8854649 9844142 12477155 9499637 18389211 1355149 10377929 10674051 12882873 10052645 9407458 9247754 9184721 9084972 1920934 16612410 15365253 9767545 9397296 8986939 19108684 12675866 11329759 8749676 16385653 10561135 10923445 18413162 18220655 16232022 16936219 9075119 9534107 9025006 19787680 19034303 18648343 17143591 12819241 12716812 18404607 14965313 12477969 11840380 10391391 7922255 19459520 11681537 10352194 10955109 15017527 12683651 12147786 11220886 9499204 9350677 9316212 9049480 12660333 7556981 2145310 2272152 8072721 7743540 9200654 10189542 15209606 15100380 12877079 12873287
2	MIR192	MicroRNA 192	RNA Gene	350	Causal ⁴⁶	20883280 20056746
3	MIR21	MicroRNA 21	RNA Gene	350	Causal ⁴⁶	19450585
4	MIR377	MicroRNA 377	RNA Gene	350	Causal ⁴⁶	18716028
5	MALAT1	Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Interaction ³⁷	27964927 28444861
6	MEG8	Maternally Expressed 8, Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁷	27686049
7	PVT1	Pvt1 Oncogene	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Expression ³⁷	21526116 24204837 27503944
8	SNHG18	Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 18	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁷	28151474
9	SNHG6	Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 6	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁷	28151474
10	MIR216A	MicroRNA 216a	RNA Gene	50	Unspecified ⁴⁶	19543271
11	MIR217	MicroRNA 217	RNA Gene	50	Unspecified ⁴⁶	19543271
12	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	10.96	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	1881577 8264568 11131103 (more) 10198605 14586718 1493158 15319540 20470427 8167381 15485418 1914672 1947732 7549125 15308878 10655727 9436372 1889345 19960974 2198748 10580435 10997689 9662051 19884815 2302012 2073870 1513092 1355149 1521339 1482251 8452322 8928282 9080995 9134053 9519751 10480525 10916091 16222610 12769161 12829652 12905620 7883578 8181249 8158884 8239321 1490696 2028235 2191882 20185732 19377212 20231521 19279558 19015170 17804484 17928473 17249526 16703327 15821418 15326070 9247754 8785386 8611873 7491450 7570536 7627276 7731151 8219653 1457766 17213467 17402516 16037286 15983218 15375799 15086926 14983223 14594696 11783602 17257274 11577785 11565519 11450165 11347754 11110503 9795371 9745777 9342486 1455150 1513104 1507492 1838047 1770034 1847721 2247968 2178812 15307694 15223229 15008843 11323087 10932516 10748967
13	CNDP1	Carnosine Dipeptidase 1	Protein Coding	9.95	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	20332346 18753673 19373489 (more) 17601992 19033401 19577318 19033402 17601991 17418689 19915793
14	INS	Insulin	Protein Coding	9.87	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	11347749 19724224 10023638 (more) 8611873 8631645 9741257 8903867 10333042 19164322 14732916 10703538 8503435 20353128 11895456 8858888 16249431 11092517 1462980 15616805 10096516 15207838 16633998 9284889 8167391 8384910 2065847 1513092 7862028 8750785 9026936 9141009 9623562 10804330 1291658 2040393 2191882 17308317 17506719 17334424 16026323 15505002 12510549 12751691 12431955 11151764 10869788 10707565 10672141 9496190 9483377 9334907 2356864 19857755 19143830 17625580 17623014 16687941 16247347 10491764 9140984 11696451 10630757 9926730 9686919 9550642 9293472 9290167 9148381 8573761 7762169 8287643 8490118 1619502 9101397 9084972 8999662 8525151 7731151 8325987 1490695 1396018 9826222 9745777 9407457 9342494 9288546 9247754 1513109 1638777 2044441 2179753 19556298 19121768 16703644 16141456 9306351 9378433 9285156 8930222
15	NPHS1	NPHS1 Adhesion Molecule, Nephrin	Protein Coding	9.61	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	12436341 12224046 15149332 (more) 19746264 19833886 12663475 18220580 19587356 17596726 20419132
16	AGTR1	Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1	Protein Coding	9.35	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	12477969 19713965 10907125 (more) 8671962 11388646 12004443 9389421 17143591 18698221 11863362 15691611 18594743 10969844 9371475 19652765 18596126 17487826 16505207 12728975 16732715 12147788 19940106 15999741 14569094 18363646 12728786 19062123 15225108 11451216 12877079 12500539
17	CCN2	Cellular Communication Network Factor 2	Protein Coding	9.25	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16373901 16501850 15111539 (more) 15882275 16270194 15345671 12239232 18235518 17173248 18413184 19861250 12846740 19218111 18937992 18344285 15012739 14633859 11563972 11563971 10026205 19959709 17300978 19255250 12941731 19657322 19409809 16914537 12446618 15258030 20460752 19623991 17264876 15601748 19482689 15319369
18	AKR1B1	Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B	Protein Coding	9.04	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16620264 16631535 12408275 (more) 18325349 1493155 12166624 9257079 11293231 8495620 10997684 16545977 16335816 15637423 10944187 14582038 11522497 11422753 10027585 12542725 10334324 16644704 10746480 10789192 15658651
19	NAGLU	N-Acetyl-Alpha-Glucosaminidase	Protein Coding	8.88	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	1350771 1685160 7669872 (more) 9436372 7621616 16299682 19912308 8999662 9627032 16538969 8593760 16966829 17252695 8343614 12768043 9536599 2150050 1680783 8583701 20138413
20	TGFB1	Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1	Protein Coding	8.8	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16734145 12500218 8691733 (more) 17319955 9845822 9407457 17173255 16270194 12476894 12621778 17300978 11721442 17476201 18508967 17259382 10726914 10997691 19091788 17173248 17664181 8050182 20155726 17593866 15153551 11696451 10834427 19110334 18485515 15047630 20039003 18812657 18326229 15284289 12711314 12213733 10232838 17622752 15526251 12874439 11158413 8821830 20103708 18587729 12631068 11532088 11053476 10841915 9848784 14583181 20460752 18293167 10997685 10561136 15606694 11251675 11337363
21	AGER	Advanced Glycosylation End-Product Specific Receptor	Protein Coding	8.56	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	8559486 16936199 10966490 (more) 17667983 16679697 19635564 12709399 17697525 20112183 16969646 9044315 11576932 18615900
22	REN	Renin	Protein Coding	8.27	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	8721937 10541298 2198118 (more) 20385187 16567826 19477209 9655650 20440278 19477166 19786360 11293231 11403100 18847432 2194280
23	BMP6	Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6	Protein Coding	8.26	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	12453917 11706299 10585634 (more) 11576897 15606694 8082013 15223229 17130203 17653209 9139274 18937992 17418684 16579002 14694265 12871951 12675860 11879191 10444025 9453300 18326229 11784718 11195175 9590367 17823503 17622752 7680480 20035397 16509929 18954333 16270194 14640237 12595495 17259382 14633126 11499562 10884396 10570081 8866414 15950619 15539010 14631561 9013074 10997685 11937760
24	SERPINB7	Serpin Family B Member 7	Protein Coding	8.2	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16037283 17595191 18363646 (more) 10589701 12386281 16443768

Sources

Variations for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3:

⁵

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	Position
1	ACE	NM_000789.3(ACE):c.2306-117_2306-116insAF118569.1:g.14094_14382	INSERT	Risk Factor	18061		GRCh37: 17:61565892-61565893 GRCh38: 17:63488531-63488532

Sources

Expression for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3.

Sources

Pathways for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Pathways related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	ACE Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways ACE inhibitor pathway ⁷⁴ Agents Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin System Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin II ⁷⁴ Defective SERPING1 causes hereditary angioedema ⁶⁶ Downregulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ⁷⁴ Kinin-Kallikrein pathway ⁷⁴ Non-classical role of vitamin D ⁷⁴ RAS and bradykinin pathways in COVID-19 ⁷⁴ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) ⁷⁴ SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor: molecular mechanisms ⁷⁴	11.19	TGFB1 AGTR1 ACE
2	Angiotensin II receptor type 1 pathway ⁷⁴	10.25	TGFB1 CCN2 AGTR1

Sources

GO Terms for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3

Biological processes related to Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 3 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	negative regulation of gene expression	GO:0010629	10.06	TGFB1 MIR21 INS CCN2 ACE
2	regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	GO:0003081	9.62	AGTR1 ACE
3	response to laminar fluid shear stress	GO:0034616	9.54	TGFB1 ACE
4	negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing	GO:0060965	9.43	TGFB1 PVT1
5	positive regulation of protein metabolic process	GO:0051247	9.35	TGFB1 INS AGTR1
6	connective tissue development	GO:0061448	9.26	TGFB1 CCN2
7	negative regulation of interleukin-21 production	GO:0032705	9.16	MIR21 MIR192
8	mononuclear cell proliferation	GO:0032943	8.8	TGFB1 ACE