Migraine with or Without Aura 1

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OMIM 57 157300 Disease Ontology 12 DOID:6364 ICD10 33 G43 G43.9 G43.909 G43.0 G43.1 more ICD9CM 35 346 346.9 MeSH 44 D008881

NCIt 50 C89715 SNOMED-CT 68 155046006 155048007 193030005 193036004 193041007 267699004 37796009 more MedGen 42 C3887485 SNOMED-CT via HPO 69 263681008 246622003 409668002 249497008 300359004 422400008 422587007 4473006 56097005 313387002 more UMLS 73 C0042331 C0149931

MedlinePlus : ⁴³ What are migraines? Migraines are a recurring type of headache. They cause moderate to severe pain that is throbbing or pulsing. The pain is often on one side of your head. You may also have other symptoms, such as nausea and weakness. You may be sensitive to light and sound. Who gets migraines? About 12 percent of Americans get migraines. They can affect anyone, but you are more likely to have them if you Are a woman. Women are three times more likely than men to get migraines. Have a family history of migraines. Most people with migraines have family members who have migraines. Have other medical conditions, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, and epilepsy. What causes migraines? Researchers believe that migraine has a genetic cause. There are also a number of factors that can trigger a migraine, including Stress Anxiety Hormonal changes in women Bright or flashing lights Loud noises Strong smells Medicines Too much or not enough sleep Sudden changes in weather or environment Overexertion (too much physical activity) Tobacco Caffeine or caffeine withdrawal Skipped meals Medication overuse (taking medicine for migraines too often) Certain foods and food additives such as Alcohol Chocolate Aged cheeses Monosodium glutamate (MSG) Some fruits and nuts Fermented or pickled goods Yeast Cured or processed meats What are the symptoms of migraines? There are four different phases of migraines. You may not always go through every phase each time you have a migraine. Prodome. This phase starts up to 24 hours before you get the migraine. You have early signs and symptoms, such as food cravings, unexplained mood changes, uncontrollable yawning, fluid retention, and increased urination. Aura. If you have this phase, you might see flashing or bright lights or zig-zag lines. You may have muscle weakness or feel like you are being touched or grabbed. An aura can happen just before or during a migraine. Headache. A migraine usually starts gradually and then becomes more severe. It typically causes throbbing or pulsing pain, which is often on one side of your head. But sometimes you can have a migraine without a headache. Other migraine symptoms may include Increased sensitivity to light, noise, and odors Nausea and vomiting Worsened pain when you move, cough, or sneeze Postdrome (following the headache). You may feel exhausted, weak, and confused after a migraine. This can last up to a day. Migraines are more common in the morning; people often wake up with them. Some people have migraines at predictable times, such as before menstruation or on weekends following a stressful week of work. How are migraines diagnosed? To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will Take your medical history Ask about your symptoms Do a physical and neurological exam An important part of diagnosing migraines is to rule out other medical conditions which could be causing the symptoms. So you may also have blood tests, an MRI or CT scan, or other tests. How are migraines treated? There is no cure for migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. There are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and pain relievers. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is. There are also other things you can do to feel better: Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room Placing a cool cloth or ice pack on your forehead Drinking fluids There are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent migraines: Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. Biofeedback uses electronic devices to teach you to control certain body functions, such as your heartbeat, blood pressure, and muscle tension. Make a log of what seems to trigger your migraines. You can learn what you need to avoid, such as certain foods and medicines. It also help you figure out what you should do, such as establishing a consistent sleep schedule and eating regular meals. Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their menstrual cycle If you have obesity, losing weight may also be helpful If you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. Talk with your health care provider about which drug would be right for you. Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines. If your magnesium level is low, you can try taking magnesium. There is also an herb, butterbur, which some people take to prevent migraines. But butterbur may not be safe for long-term use. Always check with your health care provider before taking any supplements. NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

MalaCards based summary : Migraine with or Without Aura 1, also known as migraine, is related to familial hemiplegic migraine and migraine with aura, and has symptoms including back pain, headache and hemiplegia. An important gene associated with Migraine with or Without Aura 1 is PPOX (Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Ion channel transport and Taste transduction. Affiliated tissues include testes, brain and eye, and related phenotypes are photophobia and vomiting

OMIM : ⁵⁷ Migraine is the most common type of chronic, episodic headache, as summarized by Featherstone (1985). One locus for migraine with or without aura (MGR1) has been identified on chromosome 4q24. Other loci for migraine have been identified on 6p21.1-p12.2 (MGR3; 607498), 14q21.2-q22.3 (MGR4; 607501), 19p13 (MGR5; 607508), 1q31 (MGR6; 607516), 15q11-q13 (MGR7; 609179), 5q21 (with or without aura, MGR8, 609570; with aura, MGR9, 609670), 17p13 (MGR10; 610208), 18q12 (MGR11; 610209), 10q22-q23 (MGR12; 611706), and the X chromosome (MGR2; 300125). Mutation in the KCNK18 gene (613655) on chromosome 10q25 causes migraine with aura (MGR13; 613656). A subtype of autosomal dominant migraine with aura (MA), familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM; see 141500), is caused by mutation in the CACNA1A gene (601011) on chromosome 19p13 (FHM1; 141500), by mutation in the ATP1A2 gene (182340) on chromosome 1q21 (FHM2; 602481), or by mutation in the SCN1A gene (182389) on chromosome 2q24 (FHM3; 609634). Another locus for FHM has been mapped to chromosome 1q31 (FHM4; see 607516). There is evidence that a polymorphism in the estrogen receptor gene (ESR1; 133430.0005) and a polymorphism in the TNF gene (191160.0004) may confer susceptibility to migraine. A polymorphism in the endothelin receptor type A gene (EDNRA; 131243.0001) may confer resistance to migraine. (157300)

NINDS : ⁵⁴ The pain of a migraine headache is often described as an intense pulsing or throbbing pain in one area of the head. However, it is much more; the International Headache Society diagnoses a migraine by its pain and number of attacks (at least 5, lasting 4-72 hours if untreated), and additional symptoms including nausea and/or vomiting, or sensitivity to both light and sound. Migraine is three times more common in women than in men and affects more than 10 percent of people worldwide. Roughly one-third of affected individuals can predict the onset of a migraine because it is preceded by an "aura," visual disturbances that appear as flashing lights, zig-zag lines or a temporary loss of vision. People with migraine tend to have recurring attacks triggered by a number of different factors, including stress, anxiety, hormonal changes, bright or flashing lights, lack of food or sleep, and dietary substances.  Migraine in some women may relate to changes in hormones and hormonal levels during their menstrual cycle.  For many years, scientists believed that migraines were linked to the dilation and constriction of blood vessels in the head. Investigators now believe that migraine has a genetic cause.

Disease Ontology : ¹² A brain disease that is characterized by moderate to severe headaches, nausea, extreme sensitivity to light and sound and intense unilaterial throbbing or pulsing.

PubMed Health : ⁶³ About migraine: Migraine is not the same as the usual kind of headaches that most people have every now and then. A migraine attack starts suddenly with severe pain on only one side of your head. The pain is much worse than a normal headache and usually accompanied by other symptoms as well.But these headaches are only considered to be migraines if the typical symptoms have occurred at least five times.Migraines can greatly affect everyday life. Some people only get them occasionally, while others are knocked out by migraines on several days every month. Different types of medicine can help you cope with migraines.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to... more...

Clinical features from OMIM:

157300

A lot of people who have migraines know from experience what helps them. This often involves lying down in a quiet and dark room and putting cool wet towels or cooling pads on the side of their head that hurts.Most people take medicine to get through attacks that are especially painful. Medications used for migraine attacks include, in particular, acetaminophen (paracetamol), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as acetylsalicylic acid (the drug in medicines like Aspirin), diclofenac or ibuprofen, as well as special migraine medications like triptans. Acetaminophen (paracetamol), acetylsalicylic acid and ibuprofen are available without a prescription, as are two of the triptan drugs. But before using medication yourself it’s a good idea to see a doctor to find out if the headaches are actually migraines.Using painkillers and migraine medication too often can itself make the headaches worse. For this reason, people are advised not to take painkillers and migraine medications on more than ten days per month.

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Migraine with or Without Aura 1.