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MCID: MLT008
MIFTS: 42

Multinodular Goiter

Categories: Endocrine diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Multinodular Goiter

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Multinodular Goiter:

Name: Multinodular Goiter 12 54 15 70

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Endocrine diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0050489
UMLS 70 C0342208
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Summaries for Multinodular Goiter

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Disease Ontology : 12 A goiter characterized by a multinodular enlargement of the thyroid gland.

MalaCards based summary : Multinodular Goiter is related to goiter, multinodular 1, with or without sertoli-leydig cell tumors and hyperthyroidism. An important gene associated with Multinodular Goiter is MNG2 (Multinodular Goiter 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Pathways in cancer and Aldosterone synthesis and secretion. The drugs Dexamethasone and Dexamethasone acetate have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include thyroid, breast and pituitary, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and endocrine/exocrine gland

Wikipedia : 73 A goitre, or goiter, is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland. A goitre can be... more...

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Related Diseases for Multinodular Goiter

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Diseases in the Multinodular Goiter family:

Goiter, Multinodular 2 Goiter, Multinodular 3

Diseases related to Multinodular Goiter via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 237)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 goiter, multinodular 1, with or without sertoli-leydig cell tumors 33.0 TPO TG DICER1
2 hyperthyroidism 32.4 TSHR TPO TG GNAS CALCA
3 graves' disease 32.2 TSHR TPO TG PAX8 GNAS
4 hypoparathyroidism 31.4 TPO GNAS CALCA
5 graves disease 1 31.3 TSHR TPO TG CALCA
6 thyroiditis 31.2 TSHR TPO TG CALCA
7 thyroid carcinoma 31.2 TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 PAX8 NKX2-1
8 plummer's disease 31.1 TSHR TPO TG
9 nontoxic goiter 31.0 TSHR TPO TG CALCA
10 parathyroid adenoma 31.0 VEGFA GNAS CALCA
11 alpha/beta t-cell lymphopenia with gamma/delta t-cell expansion, severe cytomegalovirus infection, and autoimmunity 31.0 TSHR TPO TG
12 hypothyroidism 30.9 TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 PAX8 NKX2-1
13 goiter 30.8 VEGFA TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 PAX8
14 substernal goiter 30.7 TG CALCA
15 nodular goiter 30.7 VEGFA TSHR TPO TG KRT19 HRAS
16 endemic goiter 30.6 TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 CALCA
17 papillary carcinoma 30.6 TSHR TPO TG PAX8 NKX2-1 KRT19
18 thyroid carcinoma, familial medullary 30.6 TG NKX2-1 CALCA
19 postsurgical hypothyroidism 30.5 TPO TG
20 iodine hypothyroidism 30.5 TSHR TPO TG
21 acute thyroiditis 30.4 TPO TG CALCA
22 congenital hypothyroidism 30.3 TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 PAX8 NKX2-1
23 small cell carcinoma 30.3 NKX2-1 KRT19 CALCA
24 multiple endocrine neoplasia 30.2 TG GNAS CALCA
25 differentiated thyroid carcinoma 30.1 VEGFA TSHR TPO TG PAX8 NKX2-1
26 hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 2 30.1 TSHR TG SLC26A4 PAX8 NKX2-1
27 suppurative thyroiditis 30.1 TSHR TPO TG KRT19 CALCA
28 hashimoto thyroiditis 30.0 TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 KRT19 HRAS
29 thyroid gland medullary carcinoma 29.9 TG PAX8 NKX2-1 MIR138-1 CALCA
30 thyroid gland disease 29.8 TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 PAX8 NKX2-1
31 follicular adenoma 29.7 TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 PAX8 NKX2-1
32 thyroid gland cancer 29.7 VEGFA TSHR TPO TG PAX8 NKX2-1
33 renal cell carcinoma, nonpapillary 29.3 VEGFA PAX8 NKX2-1 MIR138-1 KRT19 HRAS
34 thyroid gland follicular carcinoma 29.3 VEGFA TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 PAX8
35 thyroid gland anaplastic carcinoma 28.9 VEGFA TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 PAX8
36 goiter, multinodular, cystic renal disease, and digital anomalies 11.7
37 goiter, multinodular 2 11.3
38 goiter, multinodular 3 11.3
39 short stature, microcephaly, and endocrine dysfunction 11.3
40 dicer1 tumor predisposition 11.2
41 cowden syndrome 1 11.1
42 thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 4 11.1
43 cancer, alopecia, pigment dyscrasia, onychodystrophy, and keratoderma 11.1
44 myopathy - thyrotoxic 11.1
45 adenoma 10.7
46 thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 1 10.5
47 hyperparathyroidism 10.5
48 transient congenital hypothyroidism 10.4 TSHR TPO
49 pleuropulmonary blastoma 10.4
50 dicer1-related pleuropulmonary blastoma cancer predisposition syndrome 10.4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Multinodular Goiter:



Diseases related to Multinodular Goiter
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Multinodular Goiter

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Multinodular Goiter:

46 (show all 12)
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.32 DGCR8 DICER1 GNAS HRAS NKX2-1 PAX8
2 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10.32 DICER1 GNAS HRAS KRT19 NKX2-1 PAX8
3 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 10.3 DICER1 GNAS HRAS KRT19 NKX2-1 PAX8
4 mortality/aging MP:0010768 10.18 DGCR8 DICER1 GNAS HRAS KRT19 NKX2-1
5 craniofacial MP:0005382 10.15 DICER1 GNAS HRAS KRT19 PAX8 PLCB1
6 nervous system MP:0003631 10.1 DGCR8 DICER1 GNAS HRAS KRT19 NKX2-1
7 hearing/vestibular/ear MP:0005377 9.98 DGCR8 GNAS PAX8 SLC26A4 SOD1 TPO
8 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.97 DICER1 GNAS HRAS KRT19 NKX2-1 SOD1
9 limbs/digits/tail MP:0005371 9.95 DICER1 GNAS PAX8 TG TPO TSHR
10 no phenotypic analysis MP:0003012 9.7 DICER1 GNAS HRAS KRT19 NKX2-1 PAX8
11 reproductive system MP:0005389 9.7 DICER1 KRT19 NKX2-1 PAX8 PLCB1 SLC26A4
12 skeleton MP:0005390 9.47 DICER1 GNAS HRAS KRT19 NKX2-1 PAX8
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Drugs & Therapeutics for Multinodular Goiter

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Drugs for Multinodular Goiter (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 25)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Dexamethasone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-02-2 5743
2
Dexamethasone acetate Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 1177-87-3
3
Parathyroid hormone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 9002-64-6
4
Vitamin D Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4 1406-16-2
5
Calcifediol Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4 19356-17-3 5283731 6433735
6 Hormones Phase 4
7 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 4
8 Hydroxycholecalciferols Phase 4
9 Antiemetics Phase 4
10 glucocorticoids Phase 4
11 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4
12 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4
13 Vitamins Phase 4
14 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 4
15 Anesthetics Phase 4
16
protease inhibitors Phase 4
17 Calciferol Phase 4
18 BB 1101 Phase 4
19 Calcium, Dietary Phase 4
20 HIV Protease Inhibitors Phase 4
21
Calcium Nutraceutical Phase 4 7440-70-2 271
22
Methimazole Approved 60-56-0 1349907
23
Iodine Approved, Investigational 7553-56-2 807
24
Cadexomer iodine Experimental 94820-09-4
25 Hemostatics

Interventional clinical trials:


# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 The Impact of Preoperative Oral Dexamethasone Supplementation on the Biochemical Parameters and Results of Surgical Treatment in Patients With Nontoxic Multinodular Goiter Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy. Recruiting NCT04412694 Phase 4 Dexamethasone oral tablet 8mg (Dexamethasone Krka tablets(8mg), Warsaw, Poland).;Placebo oral sweetener (Clio tablets, sweetener with a dispenser, Instantina GES, Vienna, Austria).
2 Study to Evaluate the Dose, Safety and Effectiveness of Modified-Release Recombinant Human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (MRrhTSH) When Used in Conjunction With Radioiodine for the Treatment of Multinodular Goiter. Completed NCT00454220 Phase 2 MRrhTSH;MRrhTSH
3 Harmonic FOCUS Versus Conventional Technique in Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Thyroid Disease. A Randomized, Prospective Study Unknown status NCT01658085
4 Harmonic Focus Shears Versus Clamp-and-technique for Total Thyroidectomy Completed NCT01003652
5 Diagnosis Interest of Galectin 3 Dosage in Nodular and Multinodular Goiter Pretreatment Completed NCT01588288
6 The Effect of Low Dose Thiamazole Pretreatment on RAIU in Patients With Multinodular Goiter Associated With Subclinical Hyperthyroidism and Follow-Up of Patients With Hyperthyroidism Treated With RAI Therapy Active, not recruiting NCT04663451
7 A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Study to Determine the Efficacy of Sequential High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Ablation Versus Fixed-dose Radioiodine-131 Therapy in Moderate-sized Non-toxic Multinodular Goiter Not yet recruiting NCT04009863

Search NIH Clinical Center for Multinodular Goiter

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Genetic Tests for Multinodular Goiter

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Anatomical Context for Multinodular Goiter

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Multinodular Goiter:

40
Thyroid, Breast, Pituitary, Lymph Node, Endothelial, Trachea, Colon
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Publications for Multinodular Goiter

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Articles related to Multinodular Goiter:

(show top 50) (show all 1730)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Expression of cytokeratin 19 in the diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 54 61
18308654 2008
2
Peripheral blood levels of thyroglobulin mRNA and serum thyroglobulin concentrations after radioiodine ablation of multinodular goiter with or without pre-treatment with recombinant human thyrotropin. 61 54
17848834 2007
3
[Sporadic C-cell hyperplasia associated with multinodular goiter]. 54 61
16929791 2006
4
Application of mouse monoclonal antibodies for identification of antigen regions of human thyroid peroxidase in adolescents with Graves' disease and non-toxic multinodular goiter by flow cytometry. 54 61
16390813 2005
5
[Detection of cytokeratin 19 and thyroperoxidase expressions in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases]. 54 61
15958307 2005
6
Human recombinant TSH preceding a therapeutic dose of radioiodine for multinodular goiters has no significant effect in the surge of TSH-receptor and TPO antibodies. 61 54
15753672 2005
7
[Cytofluorymetric evaluation of antigen regions of human thyroid peroxidase in patients with Graves' disease and non-toxic multinodular goiter using mouse monoclonal antibodies]. 54 61
15850534 2005
8
Ultrastructural localization of thyroid peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide-generating sites, and monoamine oxidase in benign and malignant thyroid diseases. 61 54
15116324 2004
9
A somatic mutation in the thyrotropin receptor gene in a patient with an autonomous nodule within a multinodular goiter. 61 54
17018437 2002
10
Diagnostic utility of cytokeratin 19 expression in multinodular goiter with papillary areas and papillary carcinoma of thyroid. 61 54
12446919 2002
11
Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and pendrin are expressed differently in hot and cold nodules of thyroid toxic multinodular goiter. 54 61
11720877 2001
12
Non-hyperfunctioning nodules from multinodular goiters: a minor role in pathogenesis for somatic activating mutations in the TSH-receptor and Gsalpha subunit genes. 61 54
11407651 2001
13
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of papillary thyroid carcinoma: diagnostic utility of cytokeratin 19 immunostaining. 54 61
11038428 2000
14
Activating thyrotropin receptor mutations are present in nonadenomatous hyperfunctioning nodules of toxic or autonomous multinodular goiter. 54 61
10852462 2000
15
Screening of thyrotropin receptor mutations by fine-needle aspiration biopsy in autonomous functioning thyroid nodules in multinodular goiters. 54 61
10319940 1999
16
Activating thyrotropin receptor mutations in histologically heterogeneous hyperfunctioning nodules of multinodular goiter. 61 54
9709907 1998
17
Levothyroxine suppressive therapy is partially effective in treating patients with benign, solid thyroid nodules and multinodular goiters. 61 54
9349571 1997
18
Thyrotropin and thyroglobulin as an index of optimal iodine intake: correlation with iodine excretion of 39,913 euthyroid patients. 54 61
9292948 1997
19
Dissociation of thyrotropin-dependent enzyme activities, reduced iodide transport, and preserved iodide organification in nonfunctioning thyroid adenoma and multinodular goiter. 54 61
8027249 1994
20
Thyroid-stimulating hormone activates phospholipase C in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue. 61 54
8256209 1993
21
Prevalence and Spectrum of DICER1 Mutations in Adult-onset Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology. 61
33460435 2021
22
Simultaneous hot and cold thyroid nodules: Which is malignant? 61
33768950 2021
23
Least Significant Changes and Reproducibility of 131I Uptake Test. 61
33044424 2021
24
The Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Clinical Management of Benign Thyroid Disorders, Part 1: Hyperthyroidism. 61
33008929 2021
25
Patient outcomes following surgical management of thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda category III (AUS/FLUS). 61
33749812 2021
26
A pathogenic variant in CHEK2 shows a founder effect in Portuguese Roma patients with thyroid cancer. 61
33683595 2021
27
Recurrence of thyroid carcinoma in cervical soft tissue following surgical implantation: Case report. 61
33444964 2021
28
The Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Clinical Management of Benign Thyroid Disorders. Part 2. Nodular Goiter, Hypothyroidism, and Subacute Thyroiditis. 61
33579801 2021
29
Serum thyroid stimulating hormone level for predicting utility of thyroid uptake and scan. 61
32875953 2021
30
Altered methylarginine levels after surgery in subjects with multinodular goiter. 61
33607721 2021
31
Malignancy risk of hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules compared with non-toxic nodules: systematic review and a meta-analysis. 61
33632297 2021
32
Compound heterozygous GLI3 variants in siblings with thyroid hemiagenesis. 61
32696176 2021
33
Thyroid surgery in pediatric patients: causes and results. 61
33507638 2021
34
The intracranial branch; A rare anatomical variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve; Case report. 61
33310476 2021
35
[Association of thyrolipoma and thyrolipomatosis: A case report]. 61
33487459 2021
36
Characteristics of different histological subtypes of thyroid nodules classified with 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile imaging and Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Data System. 61
33122502 2021
37
Mice Hypomorphic for Keap1, a Negative Regulator of the Nrf2 Antioxidant Response, Show Age-Dependent Diffuse Goiter with Elevated Thyrotropin Levels. 61
32689903 2021
38
Update on diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism. Ultrasonography and functional imaging. 61
33494588 2021
39
Predictive factors of a worse response to radioactive Iodine-I131 treatment in hyperthyroidism: outcome analysis in 424 patients. A single centre experience. 61
33400175 2021
40
Alteration of Trace Elements in Multinodular Goiter, Thyroid Adenoma, and Thyroid Cancer. 61
33409915 2021
41
An autopsy case of prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma with DICER1 hotspot mutation. 61
33112496 2021
42
Current approach to surgical management of hyperthyroidism. 61
33494587 2021
43
Effect of thyroidectomy on circulating angiogenic cytokines in papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign goiter: Potential for new biomarkers? 61
32482341 2021
44
Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma showing goiter-like presentation and rapid growth. 61
33522492 2021
45
[Modern thyroid surgery - the surgeon's endocrine-surgical understanding and his responsibility for the extent of surgery and complication rate]. 61
32342248 2020
46
Clinical and Immunological Characterization of Combined Immunodeficiency Due to TFRC Mutation in Eight Patients. 61
32851577 2020
47
Response Letter to the Editor from Edmundo Avila-Hipolito: "Long-Term Effects of Radioiodine in Toxic Multinodular Goiter: Thyroid Volume, Function, and Autoimmunity". 61
32812038 2020
48
Letter to the Editor From Edmundo Avila-Hipolito: "Long-term Effects of Radioiodine in Toxic Multinodular Goiter: Thyroid Volume, Function, and Autoimmunity". 61
32812043 2020
49
Pemberton's Sign in a Patient With Multinodular Goiter. 61
33136437 2020
50
Frequency of Pathological Types of Hyperthyroidism in Thyroid Scan Patients. 61
33213335 2020
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Variations for Multinodular Goiter

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Expression for Multinodular Goiter

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Multinodular Goiter.
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Pathways for Multinodular Goiter

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Pathways related to Multinodular Goiter according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Pathways in cancer 36
12.53 VEGFA PLCB1 PAX8 HRAS GNAS
2
Aldosterone synthesis and secretion 36
Show member pathways
 12.33 TSHR TPO TG SLC26A4 PLCB1 PAX8
3
Relaxin signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.32 VEGFA PLCB1 KRT19 HRAS GNAS
4
Oxytocin signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.22 PLCB1 HRAS GNAS CALCA
5
Long-term potentiation 36
Show member pathways
 11.72 PLCB1 HRAS GNAS
6
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications 36
11.65 VEGFA PLCB1 HRAS
7
Gap junction 36
11.55 PLCB1 HRAS GNAS
8
Long-term depression 36
11.32 PLCB1 HRAS GNAS
9
Endothelin Pathways 1
10.96 PLCB1 GNAS CALCA
10
Human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) signaling pathway 1
10.85 TSHR PLCB1 PAX8 HRAS GNAS
11
DDX1 as a regulatory component of the Drosha microprocessor 1
Show member pathways
 10.7 DICER1 DGCR8
12
Thyroxine (Thyroid Hormone) Production 1
10.11 TSHR TPO TG
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GO Terms for Multinodular Goiter

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Biological processes related to Multinodular Goiter according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis GO:0120162 9.58 VEGFA TSHR GNAS
2 miRNA metabolic process GO:0010586 9.46 DICER1 DGCR8
3 thyroid hormone generation GO:0006590 9.43 TPO TG
4 activation of adenylate cyclase activity GO:0007190 9.43 TSHR GNAS CALCA
5 hormone biosynthetic process GO:0042446 9.37 TPO TG
6 tube formation GO:0035148 9.32 VEGFA DICER1
7 iodide transport GO:0015705 9.16 TG SLC26A4
8 thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway GO:0038194 8.96 TSHR PAX8
9 thyroid gland development GO:0030878 8.8 TG PAX8 NKX2-1

Molecular functions related to Multinodular Goiter according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity GO:0004996 8.62 TSHR PAX8
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Sources for Multinodular Goiter

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Apr-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 Tocris
70 UMLS
71 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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