Munchausen by Proxy disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: MNC002 MIFTS: 29	Munchausen by Proxy Categories: Mental diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Munchausen by Proxy

MalaCards integrated aliases for Munchausen by Proxy:

Name: Munchausen by Proxy ¹² ¹⁵

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy ⁷⁴ ²⁰

Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy ⁷⁴

Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome ²⁰

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:0060045

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Summaries for Munchausen by Proxy

Disease Ontology : ¹² A factitious disorder that involves a care giver's deliberate exaggeration, fabrication, and/or induce physical, psychological, behavioral, and/or mental health problems in others.

MalaCards based summary : Munchausen by Proxy, also known as munchausen syndrome by proxy, is related to factitious disorder and insulinoma. An important gene associated with Munchausen by Proxy is GCK (Glucokinase), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Aldosterone synthesis and secretion and Potassium Channels. Affiliated tissues include brain and kidney.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ Factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA), also known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP), is a... more...

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Related Diseases for Munchausen by Proxy

Diseases related to Munchausen by Proxy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 126)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	factitious disorder	30.4	KCNJ11 GCK ABCC8
2	insulinoma	29.9	GCK ABCC8
3	maturity-onset diabetes of the young	29.6	KCNJ11 GCK ABCC8
4	hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia	29.5	KCNJ11 GCK ABCC8
5	hypoglycemia	29.5	KCNJ11 GCK ABCC8
6	hyperinsulinism	29.4	KCNJ11 GCK ABCC8
7	body mass index quantitative trait locus 11	29.0	KCNJ11 GCK ABCC8
8	cystic fibrosis	10.2
9	congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects	10.2
10	cyanosis, transient neonatal	10.2
11	cardiac arrest	10.2
12	physical disorder	10.2
13	status epilepticus	10.2
14	tremor	10.2
15	diarrhea	10.2
16	seizure disorder	10.2
17	osteomyelitis	10.1
18	esophagitis	10.1
19	sleep disorder	10.1
20	atrial standstill 1	10.1
21	intussusception	10.1
22	otitis media	10.1
23	myeloma, multiple	10.1
24	abnormal hair, joint laxity, and developmental delay	10.1
25	ataxia and polyneuropathy, adult-onset	10.1
26	body mass index quantitative trait locus 9	10.1
27	body mass index quantitative trait locus 8	10.1
28	body mass index quantitative trait locus 4	10.1
29	body mass index quantitative trait locus 10	10.1
30	body mass index quantitative trait locus 7	10.1
31	hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 5	10.1
32	hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4	10.1
33	body mass index quantitative trait locus 12	10.1
34	body mass index quantitative trait locus 14	10.1
35	myelodysplastic syndrome	10.1
36	body mass index quantitative trait locus 18	10.1
37	ataxia, combined cerebellar and peripheral, with hearing loss and diabetes mellitus	10.1
38	global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facies	10.1
39	body mass index quantitative trait locus 19	10.1
40	proteinuria, chronic benign	10.1
41	urinary tract infection	10.1
42	sensorineural hearing loss	10.1
43	parotitis	10.1
44	borderline personality disorder	10.1
45	cholesteatoma of middle ear	10.1
46	suppurative otitis media	10.1
47	conduct disorder	10.1
48	acute cystitis	10.1
49	somatization disorder	10.1
50	chronic purulent otitis media	10.1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Munchausen by Proxy:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Munchausen by Proxy

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Munchausen by Proxy

Search Clinical Trials , NIH Clinical Center for Munchausen by Proxy

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Genetic Tests for Munchausen by Proxy

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Anatomical Context for Munchausen by Proxy

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Munchausen by Proxy:

⁴⁰

Brain, Kidney

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Publications for Munchausen by Proxy

Articles related to Munchausen by Proxy:

(show top 50) (show all 450)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Medical Child Abuse Hidden in Pediatric Settings: Detection and Intervention. ⁶¹	Hoffman JS...Koocher GP	31602528	2020
2	Fabricated or induced illness: From "Munchausen by proxy" to child and family-oriented action. ⁶¹	Glaser D	32805620	2020
3	Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP): a review regarding perpetrators of factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA). ⁶¹	Abdurrachid N...Marques JG	32772954	2020
4	Psychological Treatment of Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another/Munchausen by Proxy Abuse. ⁶¹	Sanders MJ...Bursch B	31089919	2020
5	Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome Associated with Fecal Contamination: A Case Report. ⁶¹	Sahin A...Yukcu B	32978957	2020
6	Factitious Disorder Presented by Haematemesis / Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA): A Case Report. ⁶¹	Foto Ozdemir D...Yalcin S	32594502	2020
7	Evaluation and Management of Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another. ⁶¹	Bursch B...Sanders MJ	31612305	2019
8	Unexplained destructive nasal lesions in half-brothers: A possible case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. ⁶¹	Swonke ML...Pine HS	31077906	2019
9	Fabricated or induced illness in twins associated with insertion of trocar needles into their bodies. ⁶¹	Houas Y...Hamzaoui M	29882486	2019
10	Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. ⁶¹	Babu AK...Das N	31334086	2019
11	Munchausen by proxy syndrome mimicking childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. ⁶¹	Kuhne ACA...Silva CA	30616452	2019
12	[Structured interviewing of children in suspected child endangerment cases: The German version of the revised NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol]. ⁶¹	Noeker M...Franke I	30421289	2018
13	[Interviewing children in cases of suspected child endangerment: pitfalls and quality assurance]. ⁶¹	Noeker M...Franke I	30421288	2018
14	Cutaneous Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: A Diagnostic Challenge for Dermatologist. ⁶¹	Sirka CS...Mishra BR	30505786	2018
15	An Overview of Munchausen Syndrome and Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. ⁶¹	Abeln B...Love R	30100003	2018
16	Munchausen by Proxy: A Qualitative Investigation into Online Perceptions of Medical Child Abuse. ⁶¹	Anderson APA...Bryce J	28766877	2018
17	Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: balancing ethical and clinical challenges for healthcare professionals Ethical consideration in factitious disorders. ⁶¹	Tozzo P...Caenazzo L	29938745	2018
18	Obesity as a Presentation of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. ⁶¹	Nogueira-de-Almeida CA...de Oliveira VA	28419362	2018
19	Building Bridges between Clinical and Forensic Toxicology Laboratories. ⁶¹	Barcelo B...Gomila I	29745329	2018
20	Don't Judge a Book by Its Cover: Factitious Disorder Imposed on Children-Report on 2 Cases. ⁶¹	Faedda N...Guidetti V	29721488	2018
21	Munchausen syndrome by proxy and pediatric nephrology. ⁶¹	Bertulli C...Cochat P	28606407	2017
22	Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a narrative review. ⁶¹	Sousa Filho D...Maluf Neto A	29364370	2017
23	The perpetrators of medical child abuse (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy) - A systematic review of 796 cases. ⁶¹	Yates G...Bass C	28750264	2017
24	A Serial Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. ⁶¹	Unal EO...Balcioglu I	29200568	2017
25	Medical Child Abuse (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy): Multidisciplinary Approach from a Pediatric Gastroenterology Perspective. ⁶¹	Ali-Panzarella AZ...Lewis JD	28374307	2017
26	Munchausen by proxy syndrome mimicking systemic autoinflammatory disease: case report and review of the literature. ⁶¹	Wittkowski H...Foell D	28381287	2017
27	[Mixed Munchausen Syndrome with organic comorbidity]. ⁶¹	Mora M...Fadel D	29522637	2017
28	Munchausen syndrome by proxy-illness fabricated by another in older people. ⁶¹	Moreno-Arino M...Bayer A	27856413	2017
29	Factitious Disorder Presenting with Stuttering in Two Adolescents: The Importance of Psychoeducation. ⁶¹	Bolat N...Yalcin O	28566966	2017
30	[Apparent life threatening events in infants]. ⁶¹	Foucaud P	30512856	2017
31	Alimemazine poisoning as evidence of Munchausen syndrome by proxy: A pediatric case report. ⁶¹	Gomila I...Barcelo B	27567044	2016
32	The first investigative science-based evidence of Morgellons psychogenesis. ⁶¹	Roncati L...Maiorana A	27269255	2016
33	Munchausen by proxy by internet and pets. ⁶¹	Oxley JA...Feldman MD	27339928	2016
34	Attempted Serial Neonaticides: Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature. ⁶¹	Barros AJ...Taborda JG	26259153	2016
35	A Rare Reason of Hyperinsulinism: Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. ⁶¹	Akin O...Gul H	27221098	2016
36	Genetic differentials of child abuse: Is your case rare or real? ⁶¹	Shur N...Carey JC	26513547	2015
37	Acute kidney injury in a child: A case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. ⁶¹	Mantan M...Sethi GR	26586073	2015
38	Think Again: First Do No Harm: A Case of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. ⁶¹	Yalndag-Ozturk N...Sirinoglu MB	25856657	2015
39	[Munchausen by proxy syndrome]. ⁶¹	Depauw A...Delhaye M	26372976	2015
40	Caregiver-fabricated illness in a child. ⁶¹	Koetting C	25900681	2015
41	Munchausen syndrome by adult proxy: a review of the literature. ⁶¹	Burton MC...Bostwick JM	25274180	2015
42	Munchausen syndrome by proxy: an alarming face of child abuse. ⁶¹	Gehlawat P...Gupta R	25722520	2015
43	[Attachment Quality of Young Children with Mentally Ill Parents on the Example of the Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome]. ⁶¹	Ramberg A...Feldkotter S	26509970	2015
44	Malingering-by-proxy: need for child protection and guidance for reporting. ⁶¹	Chafetz M...Dufrene M	25236718	2014
45	Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy in dermatology. ⁶¹	Boyd AS...Likhari S	24613506	2014
46	Munchausen syndrome by proxy presenting as hearing loss. ⁶¹	Ashraf N...Thevasagayam MS	24849842	2014
47	Munchausen syndrome by proxy. ⁶¹	Qureshi TN...Shamim S	24848404	2014
48	Early recognition and management of fabricated or induced illness in children. ⁶¹	Bass C...Glaser D	24612863	2014
49	Idiopathic recurrent stupor: Munchausen by proxy and medical litigation. ⁶¹	Plazzi G...Lugaresi E	24470710	2014
50	Foamy discharge on the scalp of the infant: munchausen syndrome by proxy. ⁶¹	Patnaik S...Nayak S	24082223	2013

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Genes for Munchausen by Proxy

Genes related to Munchausen by Proxy (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	GCK	Glucokinase	Protein Coding	5.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
2	ABCC8	ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 8	Protein Coding	5.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	SSB	Small RNA Binding Exonuclease Protection Factor La	Protein Coding	5.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	KCNJ11	Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel Subfamily J Member 11	Protein Coding	5.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	MPI	Mannose Phosphate Isomerase	Protein Coding	5.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

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Variations for Munchausen by Proxy

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Expression for Munchausen by Proxy

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Munchausen by Proxy.

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Pathways for Munchausen by Proxy

Pathways related to Munchausen by Proxy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Aldosterone synthesis and secretion ³⁶ Show member pathways Ca2+ activated K+ channels ⁶⁵ Cortisol synthesis and secretion ³⁶ Cushing syndrome ³⁶ Insulin secretion ³⁶ Melanogenesis ³⁶ Thyroid hormone synthesis ³⁶	12.31	KCNJ11 GCK ABCC8
2	Potassium Channels ⁶⁵ Show member pathways HCN channels ⁶⁵ Voltage gated Potassium channels ⁶⁵	11.6	KCNJ11 ABCC8
3	Inwardly rectifying K+ channels ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels ⁶⁵ ATP sensitive Potassium channels ⁶⁵ Defective ABCC8 can cause hypoglycemias and hyperglycemias ⁶⁵ G protein gated Potassium channels ⁶⁵ Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits ⁶⁵ Potassium transport channels ⁶⁵	11.46	KCNJ11 ABCC8
4	Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism ³⁶ Show member pathways N-acetylglucosamine degradation I ¹ N-acetylglucosamine degradation II ¹ Synthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine ⁶⁵ UDP-D-xylose and UDP-D-glucuronate biosynthesis ¹ UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis II ¹ UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis II ¹	11.21	MPI GCK
5	Type II diabetes mellitus ³⁶ ¹ Show member pathways Anti-diabetic Drug Potassium Channel Inhibitors Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	11.11	KCNJ11 GCK ABCC8
6	Antiarrhythmic Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	11	KCNJ11 ABCC8
7	Development_Leptin signaling via PI3K-dependent pathway ²³	10.87	KCNJ11 ABCC8
8	FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks ¹	10.44	KCNJ11 GCK ABCC8

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GO Terms for Munchausen by Proxy

Cellular components related to Munchausen by Proxy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	sarcolemma	GO:0042383	8.96	KCNJ11 ABCC8
2	inward rectifying potassium channel	GO:0008282	8.62	KCNJ11 ABCC8

Biological processes related to Munchausen by Proxy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	potassium ion transport	GO:0006813	9.4	ABCC8 KCNJ11
2	potassium ion transmembrane transport	GO:0071805	9.37	ABCC8 KCNJ11
3	glucose metabolic process	GO:0006006	9.32	GCK KCNJ11
4	negative regulation of insulin secretion	GO:0046676	9.26	ABCC8 KCNJ11
5	cellular glucose homeostasis	GO:0001678	9.16	ABCC8 GCK
6	inorganic cation transmembrane transport	GO:0098662	8.96	ABCC8 KCNJ11
7	regulation of insulin secretion	GO:0050796	8.8	ABCC8 GCK KCNJ11

Molecular functions related to Munchausen by Proxy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	ion channel binding	GO:0044325	9.16	KCNJ11 ABCC8
2	cation-transporting ATPase activity	GO:0019829	8.96	KCNJ11 ABCC8
3	ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity	GO:0015272	8.62	KCNJ11 ABCC8

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Sources for Munchausen by Proxy

¹ BioSystems

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²¹ GeneAnalytics

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²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

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²⁵ GeneReviews

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²⁷ GEO DataSets

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⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

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⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

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⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

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⁶¹ PubMed

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⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia