Neuropathy disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: NRP001 MIFTS: 56	Neuropathy Categories: Immune diseases, Neuronal diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Neuropathy

MalaCards integrated aliases for Neuropathy:

Name: Neuropathy ¹² ¹⁵ ³⁹ ¹⁷ ⁷¹

Peripheral Neuropathy ¹² ⁷¹

Peripheral Neuropathies ¹⁵

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Immune diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³²

Diseases of the nervous system

Polyneuropathies and other disorders of the peripheral nervous system

Other polyneuropathies

Polyneuropathy, unspecified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:870

NCIt ⁴⁹ C4731

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 42658009

ICD10 ³² G62.9

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_0004149

UMLS ⁷¹ C0031117 C0442874

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Summaries for Neuropathy

Disease Ontology : ¹² A nervous system disease that is located in nerves or nerve cells.

MalaCards based summary : Neuropathy, also known as peripheral neuropathy, is related to neuropathy, hereditary, with liability to pressure palsies and neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type v, and has symptoms including seizures, tremor and back pain. An important gene associated with Neuropathy is DLX6-AS1 (DLX6 Antisense RNA 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways is Neural Crest Differentiation. The drugs Aztreonam and Pravastatin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include nerves, breast and testes, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and cellular

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Related Diseases for Neuropathy

Diseases in the Neuropathy family:

Autoimmune Neuropathy

Hereditary Neuropathies

Diseases related to Neuropathy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 2730)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neuropathy, hereditary, with liability to pressure palsies	35.2	SPTLC2 PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
2	neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type v	35.1	WNK1 SPTLC1 NGF KIF1A
3	hypertrophic neuropathy of dejerine-sottas	35.0	SPTLC1 PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
4	neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type iia	35.0	WNK1 SPTLC2 SPTLC1 SLC12A6 POLG NGF
5	hereditary sensory neuropathy	35.0	WNK1 SPTLC2 SPTLC1 NGF MPZ KIF1A
6	neuropathy, congenital hypomyelinating, 1, autosomal recessive	35.0	SPTLC2 SLC12A6 PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1
7	hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1	35.0	SPTLC2 SPTLC1 GDAP1
8	diabetic neuropathy	35.0	PMP22 NGF MPZ
9	neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type i, with cough and gastroesophageal reflux	34.9	SPTLC2 SPTLC1
10	hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, type iic	34.9	MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
11	neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type ia	34.9	WNK1 SPTLC2 SPTLC1
12	hereditary neuropathies	34.9	PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1
13	autonomic neuropathy	34.8	WNK1 SPTLC2 SPTLC1 SCN11A NGF KIF1A
14	neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type ic	34.8	SPTLC2 SPTLC1
15	sensory peripheral neuropathy	34.7	SPTLC1 SLC12A6 POLG PMP22 NGF MPZ
16	neuropathy, hereditary sensory, type ie	34.7	SPTLC2 SPTLC1
17	neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type iib	34.7	WNK1 KIF1A
18	autoimmune peripheral neuropathy	34.6	MPZ GJB1
19	motor peripheral neuropathy	34.5	SLC12A6 PMP22 GJB1 GDAP1
20	peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelination, waardenburg syndrome, and hirschsprung disease	34.5	MPZ GJB1
21	charcot-marie-tooth disease, x-linked dominant, 1	34.5	SPTLC1 PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
22	charcot-marie-tooth disease, demyelinating, type 1b	34.4	PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
23	charcot-marie-tooth disease, demyelinating, type 1a	34.4	PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
24	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2e	34.4	SPTLC1 SLC12A6 PMP22 NGF MPZ MFN2
25	charcot-marie-tooth disease, type 4d	34.4	MPZ GJB1 GDAP1
26	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2b	34.4	SPTLC1 MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
27	axonal neuropathy	34.4	POLG PMP22 MFN2 KIF1A GDAP1 GAN
28	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2a1	34.3	MPZ MFN2 GDAP1
29	charcot-marie-tooth disease, demyelinating, type 1c	34.3	PMP22 MPZ GJB1 GDAP1
30	peripheral nervous system disease	34.3	SPTLC1 SCN11A POLG PNPLA6 PMP22 NGF
31	charcot-marie-tooth disease, demyelinating, type 1d	34.3	PMP22 MPZ GJB1 GDAP1
32	charcot-marie-tooth disease and deafness	34.3	SPTLC2 SPTLC1 PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1
33	charcot-marie-tooth disease/hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy	34.3	SPTLC1 SLC12A6 PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1
34	charcot-marie-tooth disease, type 4c	34.3	MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
35	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2q	34.3	MPZ KIF1A GJB1
36	charcot-marie-tooth disease, type 4a	34.3	MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
37	charcot-marie-tooth disease, dominant intermediate b	34.2	MPZ GJB1 GDAP1
38	charcot-marie-tooth disease, type 4b2	34.2	MPZ GJB1 GDAP1
39	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2b2	34.2	MPZ MFN2 GDAP1
40	optic nerve disease	34.2	POLG MT-ND4 MFN2 GDAP1
41	toxic optic neuropathy	34.2	MT-ND4 MFN2
42	asymmetric motor neuropathy	34.2	PMP22 MFN2
43	charcot-marie-tooth disease, dominant intermediate a	34.2	MPZ GJB1 GDAP1
44	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2d	34.2	MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
45	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2f	34.2	SPTLC1 MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
46	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2j	34.2	MPZ MFN2 GDAP1
47	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2t	34.2	SLC12A6 GDAP1 GAN
48	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2l	34.2	SPTLC1 MPZ MFN2 GDAP1
49	charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2i	34.2	PMP22 MPZ MFN2 GJB1 GDAP1
50	brachial plexus neuropathy	34.1	PMP22 MPZ

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Neuropathy:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Neuropathy

UMLS symptoms related to Neuropathy:

seizures, tremor, back pain, pain, headache, syncope, hemiparesis, chronic pain, sciatica, vertigo/dizziness, sleeplessness, neuralgia, neurologic symptoms, atypical facial pain

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Neuropathy:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.25	AIFM1 GAN GDAP1 GJB1 KIF1A MFN2
2	cellular	MP:0005384	10.22	AIFM1 DIAPH3 GAN GDAP1 GJB1 GP1BA
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.21	AIFM1 DIAPH3 GAN GJB1 KIF1A MFN2
4	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.17	AIFM1 DIAPH3 GDAP1 GJB1 GP1BA MFN2
5	integument	MP:0010771	10	AIFM1 DIAPH3 GDAP1 KIF1A MPZ NGF
6	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	10	AIFM1 DIAPH3 GAN GJB1 KIF1A MFN2
7	muscle	MP:0005369	9.56	AIFM1 GAN MFN2 NGF PMP22 POLG
8	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.5	AIFM1 GAN GDAP1 GJB1 KIF1A MFN2

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Neuropathy

Drugs for Neuropathy (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 842)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Aztreonam

Approved

Phase 4

78110-38-0

5362041 5742832

Pravastatin

Approved

Phase 4

81093-37-0

54687

Levofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

100986-85-4

149096

Ofloxacin

Approved

Phase 4

82419-36-1

4583

Fexofenadine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

83799-24-0

3348

Allopurinol

Approved

Phase 4

315-30-0

2094

Dorzolamide

Approved

Phase 4

120279-96-1

3154 5284549

Dinoprostone

Approved

Phase 4

363-24-6

5280360

Nabilone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

51022-71-0

5284592

Miconazole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

22916-47-8

4189

Angiotensin II

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

68521-88-0, 4474-91-3, 11128-99-7

172198

Naloxone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

465-65-6

5284596

Tramadol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

27203-92-5

33741

Mexiletine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

31828-71-4

4178

Zidovudine

Approved

Phase 4

30516-87-1

35370

Tacrolimus

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

104987-11-3

445643 439492 6473866

Rifampicin

Approved

Phase 4

13292-46-1

5458213 5381226

Lopinavir

Approved

Phase 4

192725-17-0

92727

Ritonavir

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

155213-67-5

392622

Darunavir

Approved

Phase 4

635728-49-3, 206361-99-1

213039

Telmisartan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

144701-48-4

65999

Liraglutide

Approved

Phase 4

204656-20-2

44147092

Nevirapine

Approved

Phase 4

129618-40-2

4463

Timolol

Approved

Phase 4

26839-75-8

33624 5478

Levodopa

Approved

Phase 4

59-92-7

6047

Carbidopa

Approved

Phase 4

28860-95-9

34359

Vildagliptin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

274901-16-5

6918537

Glucagon

Approved

Phase 4

16941-32-5

Nortriptyline

Approved

Phase 4

72-69-5

4543

Hydromorphone

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

466-99-9

5284570

Dexmedetomidine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

113775-47-6

68602 5311068

Diclofenac

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

15307-86-5

3033

Methyltestosterone

Approved

Phase 4

58-18-4

6010

Testosterone

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4

58-22-0, 481-30-1

6013 10204

Testosterone undecanoate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

5949-44-0

Testosterone enanthate

Approved

Phase 4

315-37-7

9416

Bimatoprost

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

155206-00-1

5311027

Travoprost

Approved

Phase 4

157283-68-6

5282226

Glimepiride

Approved

Phase 4

93479-97-1

3476

Bromocriptine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

25614-03-3

31101

Cilostazol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

73963-72-1

2754

Fluticasone

Approved, Experimental

Phase 4

90566-53-3

62924

Methimazole

Approved

Phase 4

60-56-0

1349907

Metoprolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

51384-51-1, 37350-58-6

4171

Bezafibrate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

41859-67-0

39042

Guaifenesin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

93-14-1

3516

Quinapril

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

85441-61-8

54892

Candesartan cilexetil

Approved

Phase 4

145040-37-5

2540

Prednisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

53-03-2

5865

Methadone

Approved

Phase 4

76-99-3

4095

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 2174)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Bi-Axial Rotating Magnetic Field Therapy in Refractory Neuropathic Foot Pain Secondary to Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Multi-Center, Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT00123136	Phase 4
2	Treatment With Gamunex 10% Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) for Patients With Demyelination and Diabetes Mellitus: A Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT02372149	Phase 4	10% intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg);0.9% sodium chloride
3	Evaluation of Viral Efficacy and Safety of a Reduced Dose of Stavudine (d4T): THE PHOENIX STUDY	Unknown status	NCT00235222	Phase 4	stavudine
4	An Open-Lable Multicenter Prospective Non-Randomized Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Morinidazole With Surgery in Patients With Suppurative or Gangrenous Appendicitis	Unknown status	NCT03380793	Phase 4	morinidazole
5	An Open-Lable Multicenter Prospective Non-Randomized Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Morinidazole With Levofloxacin and Sequential of Levofloxacin in Women With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	Unknown status	NCT03391440	Phase 4	morinidazole
6	The Impact of Perioperative Gabapentin on Chronic Groin Pain After Inguinal Hernia Repair	Unknown status	NCT02419443	Phase 4	Gabapentin;Placebo
7	A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo and Active-controlled Study of Pregabalin for the Treatment of Uremic Pruritus	Unknown status	NCT01852318	Phase 4	pregabalin 75mg daily for 12 weeks;fexofenadine 60 mg daily for 12 weeks;placebo
8	Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Pravastatin on Survival and Recurrence of Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer	Unknown status	NCT01038154	Phase 4	Pravastatin
9	Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Autonomic Neuropathic: a Randomized Trial	Unknown status	NCT00752440	Phase 4
10	Evaluation of the Impact of Subject and Staff Training on the Pregabalin vs. Placebo Difference in Subjects With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN)	Unknown status	NCT01770964	Phase 4	Pregabalin;placebo
11	The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Chemotherapy-induced Neuropathy and Inflammation in Patients With Breast Cancer	Unknown status	NCT01049295	Phase 4
12	Botox on Vulvar Vestibulitis	Unknown status	NCT00119886	Phase 4	Botulinum toxin
13	Combined Radiotherapy and Intravenous Steroids for Early Progressive Thyroid Eye Disease	Unknown status	NCT02339142	Phase 4	intravenous corticosteroids (methylprednisolone)
14	Duloxetine as an Analgesic Agent in Patients Undergoing Elective Spine Surgery	Unknown status	NCT02535000	Phase 4	Duloxetine;Placebo
15	The Role of Qutenza (Topical Capsaicin 8%) in Treating Neuropathic Pain From Critical Ischaemia in Patients With End-stage Renal Failure	Unknown status	NCT01704339	Phase 4	QUTENZA
16	Muscular Electrostimulation of the Sedated and Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patient. Analysis of the Effect on Acquired Muscular Weakness and Its Clinical Consequences.	Unknown status	NCT02033057	Phase 4
17	Effect of Allopurinol on Mono and Co-administration With Statins on Platelets Reactivity on Diabetic Patiets Treated With Aspirin and Insulin	Unknown status	NCT03195153	Phase 4	Atorvastatin 80mg;ALLOPURINOL 300 MG;Atorvastatin 80mg AND allopurinol 300 mg
18	A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Adductor Canal Catheter (ACC) and Intra-articular Catheter (IAC) Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty	Unknown status	NCT02497911	Phase 4	Ropivicaine;Bupivicaine
19	Effects of a Chronical Treatment With Benfotiamine in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Pre- and Postprandial Endothelial Function, as Well as on the Function of the Autonomic Nervous System	Unknown status	NCT00446810	Phase 4	Benfotiamine;Placebo
20	Effects of Pregabalin on Mechanical Hyperalgesia - EPOM	Unknown status	NCT00310583	Phase 4	Pregabalin
21	A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Adductor Canal Catheter (ACC) and Local Infiltration of Analgesia (LIA) Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty	Unknown status	NCT02603900	Phase 4	ropivacaine;bupivacaine
22	The Immune and Clinical Impacts of Vitamin D in Patients With Chronic Musculo-skeletal Pain	Unknown status	NCT01417923	Phase 4	vitamin D
23	Impact of Timolol/Dorzolamide Therapy on Autoregulation in Glaucoma Patients	Unknown status	NCT02053298	Phase 4	Timolol & Dorzolamide
24	Absorption and Utilization of a Mixed Meal in Type 1 Diabetes: Creation of a Biological and In Silico Biobank for the Optimization of Artificial Pancreas Systems. A Pilot Study.	Unknown status	NCT01800734	Phase 4
25	A Prospective Single Blind Randomised Controlled Study to Compare the Outcomes of Patients With Diabetes and Clinically Non-infected Neuro-ischaemic and Neuropathic Foot Ulcers Treated With and Without Oral Antibiotics.	Unknown status	NCT01418456	Phase 4	antibiotics
26	Multicentre Randomised Controled Trial Comparing the Effect of a New Self-gripping Lightweight Polyester Mesh and a Normal Sutured Lightweight Polyester Mesh on the Incidence of Chronic Inguinodynia in Lichtenstein Hernioplasty.	Unknown status	NCT01830452	Phase 4
27	An Open-label, Randomized, Multi-center Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy in Peripheral Neuropathies Patients Treated With Mecobalamin Injection	Completed	NCT01192113	Phase 4	Mecobalamin IV Injection;Mecobalamin IM injection;Mecobalamin IV or IM injection
28	Efficacy of Administration of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Autonomic and Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus	Completed	NCT03031834	Phase 4	Quinapril
29	A 14-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study To Evaluate The Safety And Efficacy Of Pregabalin (150mg-600mg/Day) Using A Flexible Optimal Dose Schedule In Patients With Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN).	Completed	NCT00156078	Phase 4	pregabalin
30	A Prospective, Open Label, Multi-Center, Study Of Pregabalin In The Treatment Of Neuropathic Pain Associated With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Postherpetic Neuralgia, HIV-Related Peripheral Neuropathic Pain And Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain	Completed	NCT00407511	Phase 4	Pregabalin
31	A Multicenter Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Cesamet™ for the Symptomatic Treatment of Pain in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy	Completed	NCT00380913	Phase 4	Cesamet™ (nabilone)
32	An Open Label Extension Safety Trial of Pregabalin (CI-1008) in Subjects With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy	Completed	NCT00159731	Phase 4	Pregabalin
33	A 13 Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 4 Trial of Pregabalin (CI-1008, 600 mg/Day) for Relief of Pain in Subjects With Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy	Completed	NCT00159679	Phase 4	Pregabalin
34	A 24 Week, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multisite Study of Metanx® in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)	Completed	NCT00726713	Phase 4
35	Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin in an Open-label, Non-comparative, Flexible-dose Trial With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy or Postherpetic Neuralgia	Completed	NCT00629681	Phase 4	Pregabalin
36	A Randomized, Single-dose, Parallel-group Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Two Formulation of Pregabalin in Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting Conditions	Completed	NCT03712475	Phase 4	Pregabalin
37	A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Prospective Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Monochromatic Infrared Photo Energy to Improve Diabetic Sensory Neuropathy	Completed	NCT00120341	Phase 4
38	A Phase IV Clinical Trial. Effect of Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields on Lower Extremity Diabetic Neuropathy: A Pilot, Open-Label Study	Completed	NCT00614341	Phase 4
39	A Multicenter Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Cesamet™ for the Symptomatic Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Patients With Cancer	Completed	NCT00380965	Phase 4	Cesamet™ (nabilone)
40	Neuroprotective Effect of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B6 Against Vincristine Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Multi Center Trial	Completed	NCT02923388	Phase 4	Injection Mecobalamin,;Tablet Pyridoxine hydrochloride;Intravenous normal saline 1 ml;Placebo pill
41	A Multicenter, Phase IV, Interventional Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Oxycodone/Naloxone in Korean Patients With Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Who Need Opioid Combination Treatment With Existing Pregabalin Treatment	Completed	NCT01675531	Phase 4	Targin
42	Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel Group, Phase IV Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin/B-complex Versus Pregabalin in the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain	Completed	NCT01364298	Phase 4	Gabapentin/B-complex;Pregabalin
43	L-Arginine and Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients	Completed	NCT00902616	Phase 4
44	Evaluation of a Structured Algorithm for Intrathecal Bolus Doses of Ziconotide (Prialt®)- The Swedish Ziconotide Bolus Study	Completed	NCT01373983	Phase 4	Ziconotide
45	Safety and Efficacy of Nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) in Combination With Carboplatin as First Line Treatment in Elderly Subjects With Advance Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Phase IV, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Study (Abound.70+)	Completed	NCT02151149	Phase 4	nab-paclitaxel;Carboplatin
46	Long Term, Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Multi-center Study of FRE.M.S.- Frequency Modulated Neural Stimulation Lorenz Therapy™ in Symptomatic Diabetic Neuropathy	Completed	NCT01628627	Phase 4
47	A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study Of Lidocaine Patch 5% Alone, Gabapentin Alone, And Lidocaine Patch 5% And Gabapentin In Combination For The Relief Of Pain In Patients With Diverse Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Conditions	Completed	NCT00904202	Phase 4	Placebo Capsules + Placebo Patch;Placebo capsules + Lidoderm®;Gabapentin + Placebo;Gabapentin + Lidoderm®;Gabapentin 300 mg capsules 1800 mg/day + placebo patch;Gabapentin 1800 mg/day + Lidoderm patch
48	An Open-Label Trial of Duloxetine for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Without Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder	Completed	NCT00401258	Phase 4	duloxetine
49	Pilot Phase IV, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label and Controlled Study to Assess the Evolution of Peripheral Body Fat Distribution After Switching From Zidovudine Containing Backbone to Truvada in HIV-1-infected Patients on HAART (RECOMB Study).	Completed	NCT00324649	Phase 4	Truvada;Zidovudine/lamivudine
50	Randomized Double-blind Study Comparing the Efficacy of Duloxetine With Placebo in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain With a Radicular Component	Completed	NCT01166048	Phase 4	Duloxetine;Duloxetine

Search NIH Clinical Center for Neuropathy

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Genetic Tests for Neuropathy

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Anatomical Context for Neuropathy

The Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology organs/tissues related to Neuropathy:

¹⁹

Nerves

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Neuropathy:

⁴⁰

Breast, Testes, Skin, Lung, Heart, Brain, Bone

Sources

Publications for Neuropathy

Articles related to Neuropathy:

(show top 50) (show all 39646)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 modulates pain sensitivity by suppressing the ROS-RUNX3 pathway in a rat model of neuropathy. ⁶¹	Li Y...Han J	31603252	2020
2	Visual field and orbital computed tomography correlation in dysthyroid optic neuropathy due to thyroid eye disease. ⁶¹	Starks VS...Freitag SK	31057005	2020
3	Lipidomics dataset of sonication-induced traumatic optic neuropathy in mice. ⁶¹	Nuesi R...Bhattacharya SK	32021890	2020
4	A retrospective analysis of the prevalence and clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in myeloma patients in tropical Australia. ⁶¹	Nath K...Hodges G	31227990	2020
5	Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a patient with papilledema from idiopathic intracranial hypertension. ⁶¹	Ma J...Micieli JA	31956730	2020
6	Clinical and Optic Disc Characteristics of Patients Showing Visual Recovery in Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. ⁶¹	Moon Y...Lim HT	31609832	2020
7	Multilocus Mitochondrial Mutations Do Not Directly Affect the Efficacy of Gene Therapy for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. ⁶¹	Yang S...Li B	31246675	2020
8	A recurrent missense variant in HARS2 results in variable sensorineural hearing loss in three unrelated families. ⁶¹	Demain LAM...Newman WG	31827252	2020
9	Connecting endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress to retinal degeneration, TBI, and traumatic optic neuropathy. ⁶¹	Cansler SM...Evanson NK	31642095	2020
10	Cycle Training improves vascular function and neuropathic symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial. ⁶¹	Gholami F...Alimi M	31899340	2020
11	Pathogenesis of platinum-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: Insights from preclinical studies. ⁶¹	Calls A...Bruna J	31865195	2020
12	Multiple-Image Deep Learning Analysis for Neuropathy Detection in Corneal Nerve Images. ⁶¹	Scarpa F...Ruggeri A	31658167	2020
13	Cav-1 participates in the development of diabetic neuropathy pain through the TLR4 signaling pathway. ⁶¹	Jia GL...Cao H	31318049	2020
14	Scrambler therapy for chemotherapy neuropathy: a randomized phase II pilot trial. ⁶¹	Loprinzi C...Smith TJ	31209630	2020
15	Cluster and Factor Analysis of Elements in Serum and Urine of Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy and Healthy People. ⁶¹	Guo W...Xu J	31140035	2020
16	Study of the possible synergistic protective effects of Melatonin and Pregabalin in Vincristine induced peripheral neuropathy Wistar Albino rats. ⁶¹	Soliman A...Bassiouny A	31816326	2020
17	Isolated light chain deposition disease neuropathy in a patient with multiple myeloma. ⁶¹	Romano A...Luigetti M	31566029	2020
18	Methods for in vivo studies in rodents of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy. ⁶¹	Bruna J...Navarro X	31837318	2020
19	Toward a new definition of glaucomatous optic neuropathy for clinical research. ⁶¹	Iyer J...Quigley HA	31922980	2020
20	Cobalt toxic optic neuropathy and retinopathy: Case report and review of the literature. ⁶¹	Garcia MD...Bhatti MT	32025592	2020
21	The rare Alus element-mediated chimerism of multiple de novo complex rearrangement sequences in GAN result in giant axonal neuropathy. ⁶¹	Shi M...Wu L	31877298	2020
22	Ginger extract and its compound, 6-shogaol, attenuates painful diabetic neuropathy in mice via reducing TRPV1 and NMDAR2B expressions in the spinal cord. ⁶¹	Fajrin FA...Susilowati R	31743763	2020
23	EV-101: A Phase I Study of Single-Agent Enfortumab Vedotin in Patients With Nectin-4-Positive Solid Tumors, Including Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. ⁶¹	Rosenberg J...Petrylak DP	32031899	2020
24	Brentuximab Vedotin in the Treatment of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma and Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. ⁶¹	Shea L...Mehta-Shah N	32016790	2020
25	Autonomic Peripheral Neuropathy. ⁶¹	Freeman R	31996622	2020
26	Demyelinating Neuropathy Due to Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma. ⁶¹	Fukami Y...Katsuno M	31588080	2020
27	A fatal case of bortezomib-induced lung toxicity in a young adult heart transplant recipient. ⁶¹	Frandsen EL...Friedland-Little JM	31815325	2020
28	Differential effect of lacosamide on Nav1.7 variants from responsive and non-responsive patients with small fibre neuropathy. ⁶¹	Labau JI...Waxman SG	32011655	2020
29	Peripheral nerve conductions in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. ⁶¹	Gorgulu U...Ertugrul L	32029369	2020
30	Prediabetes, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and small fiber neuropathy. ⁶¹	Thaisetthawatkul P...Herrmann DN	32012301	2020
31	Prevalence of denervation in the intrinsic foot muscles in patients with distal predominantly small fiber neuropathy. ⁶¹	Parikh P...Li Y	32034782	2020
32	The small fiber neuropathy NaV1.7 I228M mutation: impaired neurite integrity via bioenergetic and mitotoxic mechanisms, and protection by dexpramipexole. ⁶¹	Lee SI...Waxman SG	31851560	2020
33	Correction to: The Association Between Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy Chain (pNF-H) and Small Fiber Neuropathy (SFN) in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. ⁶¹	Li YP...Xie Y	31865611	2020
34	The Contemporary Prevalence of Diabetic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes: Findings From the T1D Exchange. ⁶¹	Mizokami-Stout KR...T1D Exchange Clinic Networ k	32029635	2020
35	Prognostic factor of poor outcome in anti-MAG neuropathy: clinical and electrophysiological analysis of a French Cohort. ⁶¹	Tang MH...Le Masson G	31705291	2020
36	Bortezomib with standard chemotherapy for children with acute myeloid leukemia does not improve treatment outcomes: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. ⁶¹	Aplenc R...Gamis A	32029509	2020
37	Bony orbital changes in allergic fungal sinusitis are reversible after treatment. ⁶¹	Lee A...Sullivan TJ	31169421	2020
38	Gait changes in persons with diabetes: Early risk marker for diabetic foot ulcer. ⁶¹	Gnanasundaram S...Viswanathan V	30712991	2020
39	Ankle fusion following failed initial treatment of complex ankle fractures in neuropathic diabetics. ⁶¹	Wallace SJ...Pinzur MS	30772132	2020
40	Treatment-Induced Neuropathy of Diabetes (TIND) in Pediatrics: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. ⁶¹	Chandler E...Doll E	31613321	2020
41	Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: Reappraisal of the wrist-upper arm latency difference between ulnar and median nerves. ⁶¹	Di Virgilio G...Kuntzer T	31865138	2020
42	Cryotherapy for the prevention of weekly paclitaxel-induced peripheral adverse events in breast cancer patients. ⁶¹	Shigematsu H...Ozaki S	32036471	2020
43	Re: Parisi et al.: Functional changes of retinal ganglion cells and visual pathways in patients with chronic Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy during one year of follow-up (Ophthalmology. 2019;126:1033-1044). ⁶¹	Finsterer J	31973837	2020
44	A simple method of quantifying chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy using PainVision PS-2100®. ⁶¹	Saito M...Okamoto A	31774247	2020
45	Small fiber neuropathy in Sjögren's syndrome: comparison with other small fiber neuropathies. ⁶¹	Descamps E...Seror R	32012291	2020
46	Electrophysiological Characterization of C9ORF72-Associated Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study. ⁶¹	Pegat A...Bernard E	32018264	2020
47	Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases. ⁶¹	Tabassum R...Jung J	31552888	2020
48	Native versus deglycosylated IgM in anti-MAG neuropathy: Correlation with clinical status - Study of 10 cases. ⁶¹	Neil J...Leger JM	31756640	2020
49	Association of variability in antibody binding affinity with a clinical course of anti-MAG neuropathy. ⁶¹	Matsui T...Kusunoki S	31841738	2020
50	Outcomes of audiometric testing in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. ⁶¹	Meleca JB...Anne S	31704576	2020

Sources

Genes for Neuropathy

Genes related to Neuropathy (0 elite genes):

(show top 50) (show all 87)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	DLX6-AS1	DLX6 Antisense RNA 1	RNA Gene	150	Experimental evidence: Regulation ³⁸	16705037
2	GJB1	Gap Junction Protein Beta 1	Protein Coding	56.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
3	MPZ	Myelin Protein Zero	Protein Coding	55.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
4	PMP22	Peripheral Myelin Protein 22	Protein Coding	54.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
5	GAN	Gigaxonin	Protein Coding	54.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
6	WNK1	WNK Lysine Deficient Protein Kinase 1	Protein Coding	53.72	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
7	SPTLC1	Serine Palmitoyltransferase Long Chain Base Subunit 1	Protein Coding	53.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
8	GDAP1	Ganglioside Induced Differentiation Associated Protein 1	Protein Coding	52.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
9	PNPLA6	Patatin Like Phospholipase Domain Containing 6	Protein Coding	51.85	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Proteins Variants (show sections)
10	AIFM1	Apoptosis Inducing Factor Mitochondria Associated 1	Protein Coding	50.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
11	SLC12A6	Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 6	Protein Coding	49.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
12	DIAPH3	Diaphanous Related Formin 3	Protein Coding	48.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)
13	MFN2	Mitofusin 2	Protein Coding	45.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
14	GP1BA	Glycoprotein Ib Platelet Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	44.96	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Proteins Variants (show sections)
15	KIF1A	Kinesin Family Member 1A	Protein Coding	44.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
16	NGF	Nerve Growth Factor	Protein Coding	44.14	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
17	SCN11A	Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 11	Protein Coding	43.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
18	MT-ND4	Mitochondrially Encoded NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit 4	Protein Coding	43.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Variants (show sections)
19	POLG	DNA Polymerase Gamma, Catalytic Subunit	Protein Coding	43.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
20	SPTLC2	Serine Palmitoyltransferase Long Chain Base Subunit 2	Protein Coding	43.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
21	DNMT1	DNA Methyltransferase 1	Protein Coding	42.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
22	RETREG1	Reticulophagy Regulator 1	Protein Coding	42.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
23	CCT5	Chaperonin Containing TCP1 Subunit 5	Protein Coding	41.78	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
24	PRX	Periaxin	Protein Coding	41.39	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
25	SLC25A46	Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 46	Protein Coding	41.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
26	TDP1	Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1	Protein Coding	41.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
27	ATL3	Atlastin GTPase 3	Protein Coding	40.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
28	HINT1	Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1	Protein Coding	40.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
29	CTDP1	CTD Phosphatase Subunit 1	Protein Coding	39.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
30	SCN9A	Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 9	Protein Coding	36.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
31	GARS1	Glycyl-TRNA Synthetase 1	Protein Coding	34.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Gene name Variants (show sections)
32	SETX	Senataxin	Protein Coding	34.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
33	DST	Dystonin	Protein Coding	33.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
34	EGR2	Early Growth Response 2	Protein Coding	33.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
35	MT-ND6	Mitochondrially Encoded NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit 6	Protein Coding	33.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
36	TRPV4	Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4	Protein Coding	32.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
37	TWNK	Twinkle MtDNA Helicase	Protein Coding	32.76	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
38	RAB7A	RAB7A, Member RAS Oncogene Family	Protein Coding	32.56	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Gene name Variants (show sections)
39	SOX10	SRY-Box Transcription Factor 10	Protein Coding	32.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
40	OTOF	Otoferlin	Protein Coding	32.4	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
41	SNAP29	Synaptosome Associated Protein 29	Protein Coding	32.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
42	DNM2	Dynamin 2	Protein Coding	32.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Proteins Variants (show sections)
43	MT-ATP6	Mitochondrially Encoded ATP Synthase Membrane Subunit 6	Protein Coding	32.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
44	SBF2	SET Binding Factor 2	Protein Coding	32.12	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Gene name Variants (show sections)
45	MT-ND1	Mitochondrially Encoded NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit 1	Protein Coding	32.01	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
46	ELP1	Elongator Complex Protein 1	Protein Coding	31.56	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Gene name Variants (show sections)
47	DYNC1H1	Dynein Cytoplasmic 1 Heavy Chain 1	Protein Coding	31.54	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
48	CNTNAP1	Contactin Associated Protein 1	Protein Coding	31.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
49	PMP2	Peripheral Myelin Protein 2	Protein Coding	31.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
50	TFG	Trafficking From ER To Golgi Regulator	Protein Coding	31.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Neuropathy

Copy number variations for Neuropathy from CNVD:

⁷

#	CNVD ID	Chromosome	Start	End	Type	Gene Symbol	CNVD Disease
1	107544	17	15900000	22100000	Microdeletion		Neuropathy
2	107574	17	16000000	22200000	Copy number		Neuropathy
3	216423	6	92100000	98700000	Microdeletion	EPHA7	Neuropathy

Sources

Expression for Neuropathy

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Neuropathy.

Sources

Pathways for Neuropathy

Pathways related to Neuropathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Neural Crest Differentiation ¹	10.81	PMP22 MPZ GJB1

Sources

GO Terms for Neuropathy

Cellular components related to Neuropathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	membrane	GO:0016020	10.03	WNK1 SPTLC2 SPTLC1 SLC12A6 SCN11A POLG
2	integral component of membrane	GO:0016021	9.77	SPTLC2 SPTLC1 SLC12A6 SCN11A POLG PNPLA6
3	serine C-palmitoyltransferase complex	GO:0017059	8.62	SPTLC2 SPTLC1

Biological processes related to Neuropathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mitochondrial fusion	GO:0008053	9.32	MFN2 GDAP1
2	sphingosine biosynthetic process	GO:0046512	9.26	SPTLC2 SPTLC1
3	sphingomyelin biosynthetic process	GO:0006686	9.16	SPTLC2 SPTLC1
4	positive regulation of lipophagy	GO:1904504	8.96	SPTLC2 SPTLC1
5	sphinganine biosynthetic process	GO:0046511	8.62	SPTLC2 SPTLC1

Molecular functions related to Neuropathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity	GO:0004758	8.62	SPTLC2 SPTLC1

Sources

Sources for Neuropathy

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia