Onchocerciasis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

GARD: ¹⁹ Onchocerciasis is a rare tropical parasitic disease transmitted by a black fly. Infection by the parasite can cause eye and skin problems. In humans, the parasitic worms live under the skin (subcutaneous nodules) and produce larvae (microfilariae). The larvae are found throughout the body, but especially in the skin and eyes. Repeated bites by infected flies increase the number of adult worms and larvae. Chronic skin Onchocerciasis (onchodermatitis) causes itching, a rash with small pimples (papular rash), scarring, and thickened, leathery skin (lichenification). Other symptoms may develop over time and might include saggy skin (such as ''hanging groin''), patchy areas of much lighter colored skin (leopard skin), ichthyosis-like lesions (''lizard skin''), darkening of the skin, and very severe itching. The eye infection is known as river blindness because the blackfly carrying the parasite lives near fast-flowing waters. Symptoms of an eye infection may include itchy eyes, red eyes, and sensitivity to light (photophobia). In some cases, the larvae may infect the optic nerve. As the common name suggests, infection of the eye by Onchocerciasis can lead to vision loss and eventually blindness. The disease is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus and is transmitted by the bite of an infected black fly. About 90% of the cases occur in Africa.

MalaCards based summary: Onchocerciasis, also known as infection by onchocerca volvulus, is related to loiasis and sclerosing keratitis. An important gene associated with Onchocerciasis is IL5 (Interleukin 5), and among its related pathways/superpathways are MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation and Innate Immune System. The drugs Anticonvulsants and Vitamins have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, eye and t cells, and related phenotypes are immune system and hematopoietic system

CDC: ² Onchocerciasis, or River Blindness, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted through repeated bites by blackflies of the genus Simulium. The disease is called River Blindness because the blackfly that transmits the infection lives and breeds near fast-flowing streams and rivers and the infection can result in blindness. In addition to visual impairment or blindness, onchocerciasis causes skin disease, including nodules under the skin or debilitating itching. Worldwide onchocerciasis is second only to trachoma as an infectious cause of blindness.

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ A form of filariasis, caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus, transmitted by the black fly. The infection can either be asymptomatic or manifest as an ocular disease (river blindness) with itchy eyes, erythema, photophobia, onchodermatitis or onchocercal skin disease (classified into acute papular, chronic papular, lichenified, atrophic, and depigmentated) and onchocercomas (over bony prominences). Other classic clinical manifestations are ichthyosis-like lesions (''lizard skin'') and ''hanging groin'', which may be associated with lymphadenopathy.

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A filariasis that involves parasitic infection caused by the nematode Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of a blackfly of the genus Simulium. The worms spread throughout the body and, when they die, cause intense itching and a strong immune system response that can destroy nearby tissue. The symptoms include pruritus, dermatitis, blindness, onchocercomata (subcutaneous nodules), and lymphadenopathy.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm... more...

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Related Diseases for Onchocerciasis

Diseases related to Onchocerciasis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 436)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	loiasis	31.3	STH IL5 IL4 IL13 EPX CCL11
2	sclerosing keratitis	31.2	RBP3 IL2
3	filariasis	30.9	STH SERPINA3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
4	filarial elephantiasis	30.9	STH IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
5	anterior uveitis	30.9	SERPINA3 RBP3 IL2
6	exanthem	30.8	IL4 IL2 CSF2
7	uveitis	30.7	RBP3 IL4 IL2 CCL11
8	tetanus	30.5	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
9	ascaris lumbricoides infection	30.5	STH IL5 IL4 IL13
10	schistosomiasis	30.4	RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 IGHE
11	posterior uveitis	30.2	RBP3 IL5 IL2 IL13
12	cysticercosis	30.1	STH IL5 IL4 IGHE
13	elephantiasis	30.1	STH RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL13 ELANE
14	cellulitis	30.1	RNASE3 IL5 CSF2
15	scabies	30.0	STH IL5 IL4 IL13
16	ige responsiveness, atopic	30.0	RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL13 IGHE
17	leishmaniasis	29.9	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
18	leprosy 3	29.8	SERPINA3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 HLA-DQA1
19	stomatitis	29.7	IL4 IL2 CSF2
20	eye disease	29.7	SERPINA3 RBP3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
21	hypereosinophilic syndrome	29.7	RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 IGHE
22	conjunctivitis	29.7	RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 IGHE
23	fungal infectious disease	29.6	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 CSF2
24	trichuriasis	29.5	STH SERPINA3 IL13
25	dermatitis	29.5	RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 IGHE
26	urinary schistosomiasis	29.5	STH RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL13 IGHE
27	keratoconjunctivitis	29.5	RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 CCL11
28	rubella	29.5	IL5 IL4 IL2 HLA-DQA1 CALR
29	severe combined immunodeficiency	29.5	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 IGHE CSF2
30	strongyloidiasis	29.4	STH IL5 IL4 IL13 IGHE CCL11
31	podoconiosis	29.4	STH HLA-DQA1
32	allergic conjunctivitis	29.4	RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 IGHE
33	sarcoidosis 1	29.3	SERPINA3 IL2 IL13 CCL5 CCL11
34	intestinal schistosomiasis	29.3	STH IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
35	toxocariasis	29.2	STH RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL13 IGHE
36	hyper ige syndrome	29.1	RNASE3 IL4 IGHE CSF2 CCL7 CCL11
37	skin disease	29.0	SERPINA3 RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
38	parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease	29.0	STH SERPINA3 RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2
39	pulmonary eosinophilia	28.6	RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL13 EPX CSF2
40	autoimmune disease	28.5	RBP3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 HLA-DQA1
41	immune deficiency disease	28.5	SERPINA3 IL4 IL2 IL13 CSF2 CCL7
42	allergic disease	28.1	SERPINA3 RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
43	malaria	27.5	SERPINA3 RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
44	dermatitis, atopic	27.5	SERPINA3 RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
45	volvulus of midgut	11.2
46	epilepsy	10.7
47	keratitis, hereditary	10.6
48	nodding syndrome	10.5
49	punctate epithelial keratoconjunctivitis	10.4
50	3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type iii	10.4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Onchocerciasis:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Onchocerciasis

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Onchocerciasis:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	immune system	MP:0005387	9.8	CCL11 CCL5 CCL7 CSF2 ELANE EPX
2	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	9.5	CCL11 CCL5 CCL7 CSF2 DSG1 ELANE

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Onchocerciasis

Drugs for Onchocerciasis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 27)

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Anticonvulsants

Phase 4

2

Vitamins

Phase 3

3

Levamisole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved, Withdrawn

Phase 2

14769-73-4

26879

4

Azithromycin

Approved

Phase 2

83905-01-5

447043

5

Rifampicin

Approved

Phase 2

13292-46-1

135512673 5381226 135900090

6

Ivermectin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 2

70288-86-7

9812710 6427057

7

Albendazole

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 2

54965-21-8

2082

8

Romidepsin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

128517-07-7

5352062

9

Emodepside

Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 2

155030-63-0

10

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 2

11

Antitubercular Agents

Phase 2

12

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 2

13

Antimitotic Agents

Phase 2

14

Antiprotozoal Agents

Phase 2

15

Tubulin Modulators

Phase 2

16

Sodium citrate

Approved, Investigational

68-04-2

23431961

17

Mebendazole

Approved, Vet_approved

31431-39-7

4030

18

Piperazine

Approved, Vet_approved

110-85-0

4837

19

Diethylcarbamazine

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

90-89-1

3052

20

Citric acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

77-92-9

311

21

Calcium, Dietary

22

Anticoagulants

23

Citrate

24

Piperazine citrate

25

DMP 777

157341-41-8

26

Chelating Agents

27

Calcium

Nutraceutical

7440-70-2

271

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 25)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	OAETREAT Extra Ivermectin Treatment of Persons With Onchocerciasis-associated Epilepsy: a	Completed	NCT03852303	Phase 4	ivermectin
2	Ivermectin Treatment in Patients With Onchocerciasis-associated Epilepsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT03052998	Phase 4	Ivermectin
3	Comparison of Ivermectin Alone With Albendazole (ALB) Plus Ivermectin (IVM) in Their Efficacy Against Onchocerciasis in the Volta Region, Ghana.	Completed	NCT02078024	Phase 3	IVM plus ALB;IVM
4	Comparison of Ivermectin Alone With Albendazole (ALB) Plus Ivermectin (IVM) in Their Efficacy Against Onchocerciasis	Completed	NCT03238131	Phase 3	Ivermectin;Albendazole
5	A Single-Dose, Ivermectin-Controlled, Double-Blind, Efficacy, Safety And Tolerability Study Of Orally Administered Moxidectin In Subjects Infected With Onchocerca Volvulus	Completed	NCT00790998	Phase 3	Moxidectin;Ivermectin
6	A Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel Trial in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Annual or Biannual Doses of Moxidectin or Ivermectin for Treatment of Onchocerciasis	Recruiting	NCT03876262	Phase 3	Moxidectin;Ivermectin
7	A Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel Group Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Moxidectin Compared With Ivermectin in Individuals Living in Onchocerciasis Endemic Areas	Recruiting	NCT04311671	Phase 3	Moxidectin;Ivermectin
8	Randomized Clinical Trial, Double-blind, Dose-escalating of Drug Intensities, Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Levamisole in Loa Loa Microfilaremic Patients	Completed	NCT04049630	Phase 2	LEV 1 mg/kg;LEV 1,5 mg/kg;LEV 2,5 mg/kg;Placebo
9	A Randomized, Single-Ascending Dose, Ivermectin-Controlled, Double-Blind, Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, and Efficacy Study Of Orally Administered Moxidectin In Subjects With Onchocerca Volvulus Infection	Completed	NCT00300768	Phase 2	2 mg moxidectin;ivermectin 150 mcg/kg;4 mg moxidectin;8 mg moxidectin
10	Trial of Rifampin and Azithromycin for Treatment of Endosymbiotic Bacteria (Wolbachia) in Onchocerca Volvulus in Guatemala	Completed	NCT00127504	Phase 2	Rifampin;Azithromycin
11	Randomized Clinical Trial, Double-blind, Single-dose Drug and Escalating Infection Intensities, Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Moxidectin 2 mg, Ivermectin-controlled, in Loa Loa Microfilaremic Patients	Recruiting	NCT04049851	Phase 2	Moxidectin 2 MG Oral Tablet;Ivermectin 3Mg Tab;Placebo oral tablet
12	A Phase-II, Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group Trial to Investigate Emodepside (BAY 44-4400) in Subjects With Onchocerca Volvulus Infection, Comprising: Part 1 to Investigate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics and Dose-Response Relationship for Efficacy (Proof-of-Concept); Part 2 to Investigate Efficacy of Selected Doses, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics	Recruiting	NCT05180461	Phase 2	emodepside;matching placebo of emodepside;ivermectin;matching placebo of ivermectin
13	A Phase-II, Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Proof-of-concept Trial to Investigate ABBV-4083 Given for 7 or 14 Days or in Combination With Albendazole in Subjects With Onchocerca Volvulus Infection, Comprising: Part 1 to Investigate Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy for Dose-Ranging and Pharmacokinetics; Part 2 to Investigate Efficacy of Selected Doses, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics	Recruiting	NCT04913610	Phase 2	ABBV-4083;Placebo for ABBV-4083;Albendazole;Placebo for Albendazole;Placebo for Ivermectin;Ivermectin
14	Safety and Efficacy of Combination Therapy With Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine, and Albendazole (IDA) for Individuals With Onchocerciasis	Active, not recruiting	NCT04188301	Phase 2	IVM w/ ALB;Single dose of IDA;Three daily doses of IDA
15	A Single-Center, Open-Label, Single-Dose Study To Assess The Pharmacokinetics, Safety, And Tolerability Of Moxidectin In Subjects Aged 4 To 11 Years ( >=12 kg) With Or Without Onchocerca Volvulus Infection	Withdrawn	NCT01035619	Phase 2	moxidectin
16	An Open-label Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Dose of Moxidectin Per Oral in Subjects Aged 4 to 17 Years With (or at Risk of) Onchocerciasis to Identify an Optimal Dose for Treatment of Children 4 to 11 Years	Active, not recruiting	NCT03962062	Phase 1	Moxidectin
17	Development of AWZ1066S, a Small Molecule Anti-Wolbachia Candidate Macrofilaricide Drug	Not yet recruiting	NCT05084560	Phase 1	AWZ1066S;Placebo
18	Clinical Features and Potential Etiology of Epilepsy and Nodding Syndrome in the Mahenge Area, Ulanga District	Unknown status	NCT03653975
19	Optimization of Mass Drug Administration With Existing Drug Regimens for Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis for Liberia	Completed	NCT01905436		Annual versus Semiannual Albendazole plus Ivermectin Mass Drug Administration
20	Optimization of Mass Drug Administration With Existing Drug Regimens for Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis	Completed	NCT01905423		Albendazole (annual);Diethylcarbamazine (annual);Albendazole (semiannual);Diethylcarbamazine (semiannual)
21	Optimization of Mass Drug Administration With Existing Drug Regimens for Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis for Ivory Coast	Completed	NCT02032043		Annual versus Semiannual Albendazole plus Ivermectin MDA
22	Determination of the Prevalence of LF Infection in Districts Not Included in LF Control Activities and of the Basis for Integrated Implementation of LF - Onchocerciasis Elimination Strategies in Potentially Co-endemic Areas	Completed	NCT03131401
23	Microfilarial Clearance From the Eye and Ocular Changes Associated With Ivermectin Treatment in Individuals With Onchocerciasis	Completed	NCT03517462		Ivermectin 3Mg Tab
24	Host Response to Infection and Treatment in the Filarial Diseases of Humans	Recruiting	NCT00001230
25	Evaluation of the Diagnosis Performances of DEC LTS-2 Skin Patch for Onchocerciasis in Central Africa	Not yet recruiting	NCT04035174

Search NIH Clinical Center for Onchocerciasis

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :

Ivermectin

Cochrane evidence based reviews: onchocerciasis

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Genetic Tests for Onchocerciasis

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Anatomical Context for Onchocerciasis

Organs/tissues related to Onchocerciasis:

MalaCards : Skin, Eye, T Cells, Salivary Gland, Neutrophil, Breast, Lymph Node

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Publications for Onchocerciasis

Articles related to Onchocerciasis:

(show top 50) (show all 4252)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Onchocerca volvulus-specific antibody and cytokine responses in onchocerciasis patients after 16 years of repeated ivermectin therapy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mai CS...Soboslay PT	17302900	2007
2	Genetic polymorphism of the beta-tubulin gene of Onchocerca volvulus in ivermectin naïve patients from Cameroon, and its relationship with fertility of the worms. ⁵³ ⁶²	Bourguinat C...Boussinesq M	16197589	2006
3	Antigen-specific T regulatory-1 cells are associated with immunosuppression in a chronic helminth infection (onchocerciasis). ⁵³ ⁶²	Satoguina J...Hoerauf A	12443893	2002
4	Eosinophil granule proteins in serum and urine of patients with helminth infections and atopic dermatitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Tischendorf FW...Muller M	11169280	2000
5	Pathophysiological roles of calreticulin in autoimmune disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Eggleton P...Llewellyn DH	10320638	1999
6	Eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in serum and urine of patients with onchocerciasis coinfected with intestinal nematodes and in urinary schistosomiasis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Tischendorf FW...Lintzel M	10206116	1999
7	Characterization of human immune responses to the cytosolic superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase from Onchocerca volvulus. ⁵³ ⁶²	Brattig NW...Zipfel PF	9294549	1997
8	The diverse expression of immunity in humans at distinct states of Onchocerca volvulus infection. ⁵³ ⁶²	Soboslay PT...Schulz-Key H	9176114	1997
9	Serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and myeloperoxidase in infections with filariae and schistosomes. ⁵³ ⁶²	Tischendorf FW...Lintzel M	9025985	1996
10	Elevations in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5 levels precede posttreatment eosinophilia in onchocerciasis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Hagan JB...Gleich GJ	8627086	1996
11	A 16mer peptide of the human autoantigen calreticulin is a most prominent HLA-DR4Dw4-associated self-peptide. ⁵³ ⁶²	Max H...Kalbacher H	7836063	1994
12	Epitopes of the Onchocerca volvulus RAL1 antigen, a member of the calreticulin family of proteins, recognized by sera from patients with onchocerciasis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Rokeach LA...Unnasch TR	7520419	1994
13	Regulation of IL-5 in onchocerciasis. A critical role for IL-2. ⁵³ ⁶²	Steel C...Nutman TB	8099937	1993
14	Calreticulin synthetic peptide analogues: anti-peptide antibodies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. ⁵³ ⁶²	Routsias JG...Moutsopoulos HM	7680295	1993
15	Serological cross-reactivity between a human Ro/SS-A autoantigen (calreticulin) and the lambda Ral-1 antigen of Onchocerca volvulus. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lux FA...Lieu TS	1602002	1992
16	Interleukin-5 and the posttreatment eosinophilia in patients with onchocerciasis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Limaye AP...Nutman TB	1918387	1991
17	Analysis of aqueous humour in ocular onchocerciasis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Van der Lelij A...Kijlstra A	2036808	1991
18	Cell-mediated immunity against human retinal extract, S-antigen, and interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein in onchocercal chorioretinopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Van der Lelij A...Kijlstra A	2210999	1990
19	Humoral autoimmune response against S-antigen and IRBP in ocular onchocerciasis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Van der Lelij A...Kijlstra A	2365568	1990
20	Humoral and cell-mediated immune response against human retinal antigens in relation to ocular onchocerciasis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Van der Lelij A...Kijlstra A	2378211	1990
21	Feline ocular onchocercosis by Onchocerca lupi: Phylogenetic insights and implication for veterinary health. ⁶²	Tudor P...Otranto D	36283498	2023
22	Morphological description and multilocus genotyping of Onchocerca spp. in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Switzerland. ⁶²	Manzanell R...Mathis A	36420351	2022
23	Tropical parasitic itch in returned travellers and immigrants from endemic areas. ⁶²	Ju T...Yosipovitch G	35793476	2022
24	Evaluating and mitigating the potential indirect effect of COVID-19 on control programmes for seven neglected tropical diseases: a modelling study. ⁶²	Borlase A...NTD Modelling Consortium	36240827	2022
25	Prevalence of epilepsy in Ndom Health District (Littoral Region, Cameroon) after long-term ivermectin-based preventive chemotherapy for the control of onchocerciasis. ⁶²	Efon-Ekangouo A...Kamgno J	36252289	2022
26	Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon. ⁶²	Pryce J...Reimer L	36322515	2022
27	Two Nigerian States (Plateau and Nasarawa) Have Eliminated Transmission of Human Onchocerciasis-A Report of Post-ivermectin Mass Drug Administration Surveillance. ⁶²	Miri ES...Richards FO	36450227	2022
28	Identification of the onchocerciasis vector in the Kakoi-Koda focus of the Democratic Republic of Congo. ⁶²	Post RJ...Colebunders R	36331979	2022
29	Onchocerciasis in the Ntui Health District of Cameroon: epidemiological, entomological and parasitological findings in relation to elimination prospects. ⁶²	Siewe Fodjo JN...Njamnshi AK	36443885	2022
30	Status of Onchocerca volvulus (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) Transmission and Effect of Climatic Variables on the Vector Population Dynamics After Two Decades of Ivermectin-based Preventive Chemotherapy in the Mbam Valley (Centre Region, Cameroon). ⁶²	Domche A...Kamgno J	36111691	2022
31	Direct proteomic detection and prioritization of 19 onchocerciasis biomarker candidates in humans. ⁶²	Rosa BA...Mitreva M	36435333	2022
32	Comparison of the prognostic models for mortality in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. ⁶²	Wang Y...Zhao X	36327052	2022
33	Implication of apoptosis and oxidative stress in mitigation of ivermectin long-term hazards by zinc nanoparticles in male rabbits. ⁶²	El-Shobokshy SA...Khafaga AF	36372859	2022
34	CT of Sacral Fractures: Classification Systems and Management. ⁶²	Dreizin D...Smith EB	36112523	2022
35	Persistence of onchocerciasis in villages in Enugu and Ogun states in Nigeria following many rounds of mass distribution of ivermectin. ⁶²	Ekpo UF...Nwaorgu OC	36357828	2022
36	A cross-sectional study of Simulium damnosum sensu lato breeding sites and species distribution in Sudan savanna, mixed savanna-forest and rainforest regions in Cameroon. ⁶²	Ayisi F...Boakye DA	36271434	2022
37	A call for loiasis to be added to the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases. ⁶²	Jacobsen KH...Williams AS	35500592	2022
38	Genomic analysis, immunomodulation and deep phenotyping of patients with nodding syndrome. ⁶²	Soldatos A...Nath A	36181424	2022
39	High Prevalence of Glaucoma among Patients in an Onchocerciasis Endemic Area (Mahenge, Tanzania). ⁶²	Otiti-Sengeri J...Colebunders R	36145478	2022
40	The interruption of transmission of onchocerciasis in Kaduna, Kebbi and Zamfara states, Nigeria: another milestone achievement. ⁶²	Isiyaku S...Nwoke BEB	36130252	2022
41	WHO Vision 2020: Have We Done It? ⁶²	Abdulhussein D...Abdul Hussein M	36178293	2022
42	The prevalence of onchocerciasis in Africa and Yemen, 2000-2018: a geospatial analysis. ⁶²	Schmidt CA...Hay SI	36068517	2022
43	Prospects for developing efficient targets for the xenomonitoring and control of Simulium damnosum s.l., the major vectors of onchocerciasis in Africa. ⁶²	Koala L...Dabire RK	35866620	2022
44	Leukoderma with perifollicular sparing: a diagnostic clue of cutaneous onchocerciasis. ⁶²	Ambur AB...Nyckowski TA	36038249	2022
45	'There Were Moments We Wished She Could Just Die': The Highly Gendered Burden of Nodding Syndrome in Northern Uganda. ⁶²	Irani J...O'Neill S	35549600	2022
46	Filarial nematode phenotypic screening cascade to identify compounds with anti-parasitic activity for drug discovery optimization. ⁶²	Hawryluk N...Scandale I	35834918	2022
47	Changes in Onchocerciasis Ov16 IgG4 Rapid Diagnostic Test Results Over One-Month Follow-up: Lessons for Reading Timeframe and Decision-Making. ⁶²	Nana-Djeunga HC...Pion SD	35914689	2022
48	Ivermectin mass drug administration for onchocerciasis elimination: can it reduce the prevalence of scabies in Ethiopia? ⁶²	Amsalu T...Van Griensven J	36156500	2022
49	Discovery of Substituted Di(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-amines as Novel Macrofilaricidal Compounds for the Treatment of Human Filarial Infections. ⁶²	Hawryluk N...Scandale I	35972896	2022
50	Onchocerciasis: Target product profiles of in vitro diagnostics to support onchocerciasis elimination mapping and mass drug administration stopping decisions. ⁶²	Biamonte MA...Unnasch TR	35921329	2022

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Genes for Onchocerciasis

Genes related to Onchocerciasis (0 elite genes):

(show all 22)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	IL5	Interleukin 5	Protein Coding	20.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8099937 1918387 8627086 (more) 12443893 17302900 9294549 9176114
2	RBP3	Retinol Binding Protein 3	Protein Coding	19.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	2378211 2365568 2036808 (more) 2210999
3	RNASE3	Ribonuclease A Family Member 3	Protein Coding	17.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10206116 9025985 11169280
4	EPX	Eosinophil Peroxidase	Protein Coding	16.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11169280
5	IL4	Interleukin 4	Protein Coding	13.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	IL13	Interleukin 13	Protein Coding	13.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	IL2	Interleukin 2	Protein Coding	12.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	DSG1	Desmoglein 1	Protein Coding	12.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	CCL5	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5	Protein Coding	12.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	CCL11	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11	Protein Coding	12.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	CSF2	Colony Stimulating Factor 2	Protein Coding	11.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	HLA-DQA1	Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DQ Alpha 1	Protein Coding	11.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	CALR	Calreticulin	Protein Coding	11.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	1602002 7520419 7680295 (more) 7836063 10320638
14	FCER2	Fc Epsilon Receptor II	Protein Coding	10.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	ELANE	Elastase, Neutrophil Expressed	Protein Coding	10.75	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	CCL7	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 7	Protein Coding	10.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	STH	Saitohin	Protein Coding	8.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
18	IGHE	Immunoglobulin Heavy Constant Epsilon	Protein Coding	7.98	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
19	SERPINA3	Serpin Family A Member 3	Protein Coding	7.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
20	S100A12	S100 Calcium Binding Protein A12	Protein Coding	7.79	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
21	S100A8	S100 Calcium Binding Protein A8	Protein Coding	7.79	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
22	LTF	Lactotransferrin	Protein Coding	7.42	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Onchocerciasis

Sources

Expression for Onchocerciasis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Onchocerciasis.

Sources

Pathways for Onchocerciasis

Pathways related to Onchocerciasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 27)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶⁴ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶⁴ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶⁴ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶⁴ IL-6 Pathway ⁶⁴ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶⁴ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶⁴ Overview of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators ⁷⁴ PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶⁴ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶⁴ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶⁴ STAT3 Pathway ⁶⁴	13.58	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 FCER2 CSF2
2	Innate Immune System ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁶ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁶	13.41	SERPINA3 S100A12 RNASE3 IL5 IL4 IL2
3	Akt Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁴ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁴	13.36	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 CSF2 CCL7
4	PAK Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁴ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁴	13.24	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 CSF2 CCL7
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁶	13.15	S100A12 IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 HLA-DQA1
6	Development IGF-1 receptor signaling ²² Show member pathways Immune response IL-4 signaling pathway ²² Signal transduction AKT signaling ²²	12.21	IL4 IGHE FCER2 CCL11
7	T-cell activation SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴ Show member pathways T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) pathway during Staphylococcus aureus infection ⁷⁴	12.11	IL5 IL4 IL2 CSF2
8	Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	11.96	CSF2 IL2 IL4 IL5
9	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling ⁶⁶	11.92	IL4 IL13 FCER2 CCL11
10	Allograft rejection ⁷⁴	11.84	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 HLA-DQA1
11	Innate Lymphoid Cells Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.77	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
12	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ⁶¹	11.72	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 CSF2
13	AP-1 transcription factor network ⁶¹	11.69	IL5 IL4 IL2 CSF2
14	Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes ⁶¹ Show member pathways Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway ⁶¹	11.66	IL5 IL4 IL2 CSF2
15	IL4-mediated signaling events ⁶¹	11.6	IL5 IL4 FCER2 CCL11
16	Inflammatory bowel disease signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Ulcerative colitis signaling ⁷⁴	11.57	IL13 IL2 IL4 IL5
17	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁶	11.48	FCER2 CSF2 CCL5
18	Th2 Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.38	CCL11 IL13 IL2 IL4 IL5
19	Inflammatory response pathway ⁷⁴	11.3	IL5 IL4 IL2
20	Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family ⁷⁴	11.28	IL5 IL4 IL13
21	OX40 Pathway ⁶⁴	11.17	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13
22	Cytokines and inflammatory response ⁷⁴	11.12	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 CSF2
23	Immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer ⁷⁴	10.99	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 CSF2
24	Selective expression of chemokine receptors during T-cell polarization ⁷⁴	10.91	IL4 IL2 CSF2
25	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²²	10.91	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 CSF2 CCL7
26	Lung fibrosis ⁷⁴	10.9	IL5 IL4 IL13 CSF2 CCL5 CCL11
27	IL-9 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁵	10.77	IL5 IL4 IL13

Sources

GO Terms for Onchocerciasis

Cellular components related to Onchocerciasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	10.17	CALR CCL11 CCL5 CCL7 CSF2 ELANE
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.83	CALR CCL11 CCL5 CCL7 CSF2 ELANE

Biological processes related to Onchocerciasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 18)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of cell migration	GO:0030335	10.24	IL4 CSF2 CCL7 CCL5 CCL11
2	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	10.21	SERPINA3 S100A12 IL5 IL13 CCL7 CCL5
3	chemotaxis	GO:0006935	10.17	RNASE3 CCL7 CCL5 CCL11
4	defense response to bacterium	GO:0042742	10.16	S100A12 RNASE3 IGHE EPX ELANE
5	negative regulation of inflammatory response	GO:0050728	10.15	IL4 IL2 IL13 ELANE
6	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	10.06	S100A12 CCL7 CCL5 CCL11
7	positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	GO:0048661	10.05	IL13 ELANE CCL5
8	lymphocyte chemotaxis	GO:0048247	10	CCL11 CCL5 CCL7
9	positive regulation of immunoglobulin production	GO:0002639	9.95	IL5 IL2 IL13
10	monocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002548	9.92	CCL11 CCL5 CCL7 S100A12
11	macrophage activation	GO:0042116	9.91	CSF2 IL13 IL4
12	eosinophil chemotaxis	GO:0048245	9.88	CCL7 CCL5 CCL11
13	positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis	GO:2000503	9.86	CCL7 CCL5
14	positive regulation of B cell proliferation	GO:0030890	9.86	IL13 IL2 IL4 IL5
15	cellular calcium ion homeostasis	GO:0006874	9.85	ELANE CCL7 CCL5 CCL11 CALR
16	negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity	GO:1903660	9.8	IL4 IL13
17	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	GO:0042531	9.65	CCL5 CSF2 IL13 IL2 IL4
18	immune response	GO:0006955	9.55	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 IGHE HLA-DQA1

Molecular functions related to Onchocerciasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	growth factor activity	GO:0008083	9.92	IL5 IL4 IL2 CSF2
2	chemokine activity	GO:0008009	9.73	CCL7 CCL5 CCL11
3	CCR1 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031726	9.46	CCL7 CCL5
4	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.44	IL5 IL4 IL2 IL13 CSF2 CCL7
5	CCR chemokine receptor binding	GO:0048020	9.43	CCL7 CCL5 CCL11

Sources

Sources for Onchocerciasis

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: ONC002 MIFTS: 50	Onchocerciasis Categories: Eye diseases, Immune diseases, Infectious diseases, Rare diseases, Skin diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Onchocerciasis

Aliases & Classifications for Onchocerciasis

MalaCards integrated aliases for Onchocerciasis:

Characteristics:

Age Of Onset:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Onchocerciasis

Related Diseases for Onchocerciasis

Diseases related to Onchocerciasis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Onchocerciasis:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Onchocerciasis

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Onchocerciasis:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Onchocerciasis

Drugs for Onchocerciasis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 50 :

Cochrane evidence based reviews: onchocerciasis

Genetic Tests for Onchocerciasis

Anatomical Context for Onchocerciasis

Organs/tissues related to Onchocerciasis:

Publications for Onchocerciasis

Articles related to Onchocerciasis:

Genes for Onchocerciasis

Genes related to Onchocerciasis (0 elite genes):

Variations for Onchocerciasis

Expression for Onchocerciasis

Pathways for Onchocerciasis

Pathways related to Onchocerciasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

GO Terms for Onchocerciasis

Cellular components related to Onchocerciasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Onchocerciasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Onchocerciasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Onchocerciasis

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :